Grew revenues by 3 percent, driven by strength in International and Neustar; navigated increasing end-market softness in U.S. Markets and the United Kingdom throughout the quarter
Prepaid $75 million in debt in the quarter and anticipate making additional prepayments in the fourth quarter
Revising 2023 full-year guidance to account for moderating growth expectations; expecting 2 to 3 percent revenue growth, led by International

CHICAGO, Oct. 24, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- TransUnion (NYSE:TRU) (the "Company") today announced financial results for the quarter ended September 30, 2023.

Third Quarter 2023 Results

Revenue:

Total revenue for the quarter was $969 million, an increase of 3 percent (3 percent on a constant currency basis), compared with the third quarter of 2022.

Earnings:

Net income (loss) attributable to TransUnion was $(400) million for the quarter, compared with $79 million for the third quarter of 2022. Diluted earnings (loss) per share was $(2.07), compared with $0.41 in the third quarter of 2022. Net income (loss) attributable to TransUnion margin was (41.3) percent, compared with 8.4 percent in the third quarter of 2022. Our third quarter 2023 net income (loss) attributable to TransUnion, diluted loss per share and net income (loss) attributable to TransUnion margin were impacted by a $495 million non-cash goodwill impairment expense for our United Kingdom reporting unit, as described in "U.K. Goodwill Impairment" below.
Adjusted Net Income was $177 million for the quarter, compared with $180 million for the third quarter of 2022. Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share was $0.91, compared with $0.93 in the third quarter of 2022.
Adjusted EBITDA was $356 million for the quarter, an increase of 5 percent (4 percent on a constant currency basis), compared with the third quarter of 2022. Adjusted EBITDA margin was 36.8 percent, compared with 36.3 percent in the third quarter of 2022.

"TransUnion executed well against weakening lending and marketing activity over the course of the quarter," said Chris Cartwright, President and CEO. "Despite these headwinds, U.S. Markets continued to grow, highlighted by high-single digit growth at Neustar. Our International segment again grew double-digits, led by India, Canada and Asia Pacific."

"We are revising our 2023 full-year guidance to account for slowing volumes in the U.S. and United Kingdom. We expect to deliver a good fourth quarter due to strong bookings and our vertical, product and geographic diversification."

"We remain focused on delivering innovative solutions to help our customers navigate uncertain market conditions. Additionally, we are proactively managing our cost structure while continuing to invest for long-term revenue growth. Finally, we prepaid $75 million of debt in the quarter for a year-to-date total of $225 million."

Third Quarter 2023 Segment Results

U.S. Markets:

U.S. Markets revenue was $634 million, an increase of 2 percent compared with the third quarter of 2022.

Financial Services revenue was $323 million, a decrease of less than 1 percent compared with the third quarter of 2022.
Emerging Verticals revenue was $311 million, an increase of 4 percent compared with the third quarter of 2022.

Adjusted EBITDA was $223 million, an increase of 2 percent compared with the third quarter of 2022.

International:

International revenue was $211 million, an increase of 12 percent (11 percent on a constant currency basis) compared with the third quarter of 2022.

Canada revenue was $37 million, an increase of 13 percent (17 percent on a constant currency basis) compared with the third quarter of 2022.
Latin America revenue was $31 million, an increase of 8 percent (3 percent on a constant currency basis) compared with the third quarter of 2022.
United Kingdom revenue was $50 million, an increase of 3 percent (a decrease of 4 percent on a constant currency basis) compared with the third quarter of 2022.
Africa revenue was $15 million, a decrease of 2 percent (an increase of 8 percent on a constant currency basis) compared with the third quarter of 2022.
India revenue was $56 million, an increase of 26 percent (31 percent on a constant currency basis) compared with the third quarter of 2022.
Asia Pacific revenue was $22 million, an increase of 13 percent (12 percent on a constant currency basis) compared with the third quarter of 2022.

Adjusted EBITDA was $96 million, an increase of 14 percent (14 percent on a constant currency basis) compared with the third quarter of 2022.

Consumer Interactive:

Consumer Interactive revenue was $143 million, a decrease of 3 percent compared with the third quarter of 2022.

Adjusted EBITDA was $72 million, a decrease of 1 percent compared with the third quarter of 2022.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash and cash equivalents were $421 million at September 30, 2023 and $585 million at December 31, 2022, of which $335 million and $303 million was held outside the United States in each respective period. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we prepaid $225 million of debt, funded from our cash-on-hand.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, cash provided by operating activities of continuing operations was $444 million, compared with cash used in operating activities of continuing operations of $71 million in 2022. The increase in cash provided by continuing operations was due primarily to prior year taxes paid on the gain from the divestiture of our Healthcare business and lower bonus and commission payments in the current year, partially offset by an increase in interest expense. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, cash used in investing activities of continuing operations was $231 million, compared with $735 million in 2022. The decrease in cash used in investing activities of continuing operations was due primarily to the acquisition of Argus in the prior year. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, capital expenditures were $213 million, compared with $193 million in 2022. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, cash used in financing activities of continuing operations was $375 million, compared with $564 million in 2022. The decrease in cash used in financing activities of continuing operations was due primarily to a decrease in debt prepayments and cash used to pay employee taxes on restricted stock units.

U.K. Goodwill Impairment

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, we identified a triggering event requiring an interim impairment test for our United Kingdom reporting unit, which resulted in a goodwill impairment of $495 million. The worsening macroeconomic conditions during the third quarter from inflationary pressures and rising interest rates increasingly impacted our business for the current quarter and the near-term outlook. Due to these factors, management now believes the U.K. recovery will take longer, and will be at a slower pace, than previously expected. As a result, we have revised our short-term and mid-term forecasts for revenue and EBITDA expectations for our United Kingdom reporting unit. These factors have particularly impacted the online-only FinTech lenders that represent the largest vertical within our United Kingdom reporting unit. These lenders have seen significant declines in their access to capital impacting their ability to lend and in some cases leading to bankruptcies.

See Part I, Item 1, "Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements," Note 5, "Goodwill" and Part I, Item 2, "Application of Critical Accounting Estimates - Goodwill Impairment" included in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2023, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on or around October 24, 2023 for further information regarding this matter.

Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2023 Outlook

Our guidance is based on a number of assumptions that are subject to change, many of which are outside of the control of the Company, including general macroeconomic conditions, interest rates and inflation. There are numerous evolving factors that we may not be able to accurately predict. There can be no assurance that the Company will achieve the results expressed by this guidance.

	Three Months Ended December 31, 2023						Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2023
(in millions, except per share data)	Low			High			Low			High
Revenue, as reported	$	917		$	932		$	3,794		$	3,809
Revenue growth¹:
As reported		2	%		3	%		2	%		3	%
Constant currency^{1, 2}		2	%		3	%		3	%		3	%
Organic constant currency^{1, 3}		2	%		3	%		2	%		3	%

Net income (loss) attributable to TransUnion	$	17		$	34		$	(277	)	$	(259	)
Net income (loss) attributable to TransUnion growth		(64	)%		(26	)%		(203	)%		(196	)%
Net income (loss) attributable to TransUnion margin		1.8	%		3.7	%		(7.3	)%		(6.8	)%

Diluted Earnings per Share	$	0.08		$	0.18		$	(1.43	)	$	(1.34	)
Diluted Earnings per Share growth		(65	)%		(26	)%		(202	)%		(196	)%

Adjusted EBITDA, as reported⁵	$	303		$	315		$	1,320		$	1,333
Adjusted EBITDA growth, as reported⁴		(6	)%		(2	)%		(2	)%		(1	)%
Adjusted EBITDA margin		33.0	%		33.8	%		34.8	%		35.0	%

Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share⁵	$	0.67		$	0.72		$	3.24		$	3.28
Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share growth		(14	)%		(8	)%		(11	)%		(9	)%

Additional revenue growth assumptions:

The impact of changing foreign currency exchange rates is expected to have an insignificant impact for Q4 2023 and approximately 1 point of headwind for FY 2023.
1. The impact of recent acquisitions is expected to have no impact for Q4 2023 and less than 1 point of benefit for FY 2023.
2. The impact of mortgage is expected to be approximately 2 points of benefit for Q4 2023 and 1 point of benefit for FY 2023. These impacts are calculated by removing the U.S. mortgage revenue from both the current year and prior year periods.
Constant currency growth rates assume foreign currency exchange rates are consistent between years. This allows financial results to be evaluated without the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.
Organic constant currency growth rates are constant currency growth excluding inorganic growth. Inorganic growth represents growth attributable to the first twelve months of activity for recent business acquisitions.
Additional Adjusted EBITDA assumptions:
1. The impact of changing foreign currency exchange rates is expected to have an insignificant impact for Q4 2023 and approximately 1 point of headwind for FY 2023.
For a reconciliation of the above non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, refer to Schedule 7 of this Earnings Release.

Earnings Webcast Details

In conjunction with this release, TransUnion will host a conference call and webcast today at 8:30 a.m. Central Time to discuss the business results for the quarter and certain forward-looking information. This session and the accompanying presentation materials may be accessed at Events | TransUnion. A replay of the call will also be available at this website following the conclusion of the call.

About TransUnion

TransUnion is a global information and insights company that makes trust possible in the modern economy. We do this by providing a comprehensive picture of each person so they can be reliably and safely represented in the marketplace. As a result, businesses and consumers can transact with confidence and achieve great things. We call this Information for Good.

A leading presence in more than 30 countries across five continents, TransUnion provides solutions that help create economic opportunity, great experiences and personal empowerment for hundreds of millions of people.

http://www.transunion.com/business

Availability of Information on TransUnion's Website

Investors and others should note that TransUnion routinely announces material information to investors and the marketplace using SEC filings, press releases, public conference calls, webcasts and the TransUnion Investor Relations website. While not all of the information that the Company posts to the TransUnion Investor Relations website is of a material nature, some information could be deemed to be material. Accordingly, the Company encourages investors, the media and others interested in TransUnion to review the information that it shares on www.transunion.com/tru.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

This earnings release presents constant currency growth rates assuming foreign currency exchange rates are consistent between years. This allows financial results to be evaluated without the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. This earnings release also presents organic constant currency growth rates, which assumes consistent foreign currency exchange rates between years and also eliminates the impact of our recent acquisitions. This allows financial results to be evaluated without the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and the impacts of recent acquisitions.

This earnings release also presents Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA, Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA Margin, Adjusted Net Income, Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share, Adjusted Provision for Income Taxes, Adjusted Effective Tax Rate and Leverage Ratio for all periods presented. These are important financial measures for the Company but are not financial measures as defined by GAAP. These financial measures should be reviewed in conjunction with the relevant GAAP financial measures and are not presented as alternative measures of GAAP. Other companies in our industry may define or calculate these measures differently than we do, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures. Because of these limitations, these non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation or as substitutes for performance measures calculated in accordance with GAAP, including operating income, operating margin, effective tax rate, net income (loss) attributable to the Company, diluted earnings per share or cash provided by operating activities. Reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures are presented in the attached Schedules.

We present Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA, Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA Margin, Adjusted Net Income, Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share, Adjusted Provision for Income Taxes and Adjusted Effective Tax Rate as supplemental measures of our operating performance because these measures eliminate the impact of certain items that we do not consider indicative of our cash operations and ongoing operating performance. These are measures frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in their evaluation of the operating performance of companies similar to ours.

Our board of directors and executive management team use Adjusted EBITDA as an incentive compensation measure for most eligible employees and Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share as an incentive compensation measure for certain of our senior executives.

Under the credit agreement governing our Senior Secured Credit Facility, our ability to engage in activities such as incurring additional indebtedness, making investments and paying dividends is tied to our Leverage Ratio, which is partially based on Adjusted EBITDA. Investors also use our Leverage Ratio to assess our ability to service our debt and make other capital allocation decisions.

We define Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) attributable to TransUnion, less discontinued operations, net of tax, plus net interest expense, plus (less) provision (benefit) for income taxes, plus depreciation and amortization, plus goodwill impairment, plus stock-based compensation, plus mergers, acquisitions, divestitures and business optimization-related expenses, including Neustar integration-related expenses, plus certain accelerated technology investment expenses to migrate to the cloud, plus (less) certain other expenses (income). We define Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA Margin as Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA divided by total revenue as reported.

We define Adjusted Net Income as net income (loss) attributable to TransUnion, less discontinued operations, net of tax, plus goodwill impairment, plus stock-based compensation, plus mergers, acquisitions, divestitures and business optimization-related expenses, including Neustar integration-related expenses, plus certain accelerated technology investment expenses, plus (less) certain other expenses (income), plus amortization of certain intangible assets, plus or minus the total adjustment for income taxes included in our Adjusted Provision for Income Taxes. We define Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share as Adjusted Net Income divided by the weighted-average diluted shares outstanding. We define Adjusted Provision for Income Taxes as our provision for income taxes, plus or minus the tax impact on the adjustment included in Adjusted Net Income, plus or minus the impact of excess tax benefits for share compensation, plus or minus other items that relate to prior periods such as valuation allowance changes, deferred tax rate and return to provision adjustments, and other unusual items that are included in our provision for income taxes. We define Adjusted Effective Tax Rate as Adjusted Provision for Income Taxes divided by Adjusted Net Income.

We define Leverage Ratio as net debt divided by Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA for the most recent twelve-month period, including twelve months of Adjusted EBITDA from significant acquisitions. Net debt is defined as total debt less cash and cash equivalents as reported on the balance sheet as of the end of the period.

Forward-Looking Statements

This earnings release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are based on the current beliefs and expectations of TransUnion's management and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements. Any statements made in this earnings release that are not statements of historical fact, including statements about our beliefs and expectations, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include information concerning possible or assumed future results of operations, including our guidance and descriptions of our business plans and strategies. These statements often include words such as "anticipate," "expect," "guidance," "suggest," "plan," "believe," "intend," "estimate," "target," "project," "should," "could," "would," "may," "will," "forecast," "outlook," "potential," "continues," "seeks," "predicts," or the negatives of these words and other similar expressions.

Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements, or that could materially affect our financial results or such forward-looking statements include:

macroeconomic effects and changes in market conditions, including the impact of inflation, risk of recession and industry trends and adverse developments in the debt, consumer credit and financial services markets, including the impact on the carrying value of our assets in all of the markets where we operate;
our ability to provide competitive services and prices;
our ability to retain or renew existing agreements with large or long-term customers;
our ability to maintain the security and integrity of our data;
our ability to deliver services timely without interruption;
our ability to maintain our access to data sources;
government regulation and changes in the regulatory environment;
litigation or regulatory proceedings;
our ability to effectively manage our costs;
economic and political stability in the United States and international markets where we operate;
our ability to effectively develop and maintain strategic alliances and joint ventures;
our ability to timely develop new services and the market's willingness to adopt our new services;
our ability to manage and expand our operations and keep up with rapidly changing technologies;
our ability to acquire businesses, successfully secure financing for our acquisitions, timely consummate our acquisitions, successfully integrate the operations of our acquisitions, control the costs of integrating our acquisitions and realize the intended benefits of such acquisitions;
our ability to protect and enforce our intellectual property, trade secrets and other forms of unpatented intellectual property;
our ability to defend our intellectual property from infringement claims by third parties;
geopolitical conditions, including the war in Ukraine and the evolving conflict in Israel and surrounding areas;
the ability of our outside service providers and key vendors to fulfill their obligations to us;
further consolidation in our end-customer markets;
the increased availability of free or inexpensive consumer information;
losses against which we do not insure;
our ability to make timely payments of principal and interest on our indebtedness;
our ability to satisfy covenants in the agreements governing our indebtedness;
our ability to maintain our liquidity;
share repurchase plans; and
our reliance on key management personnel.

There may be other factors, many of which are beyond our control, that may cause our actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements, including factors disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, and any subsequent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. You should evaluate all forward-looking statements made in this report in the context of these risks and uncertainties.

The forward-looking statements contained in this earnings release speak only as of the date of this earnings release. We undertake no obligation to publicly release the result of any revisions to these forward-looking statements to reflect the impact of events or circumstances that may arise after the date of this earnings release.

For More Information
E-mail: Telephone:		Investor.Relations@transunion.com 312.985.2860

TRANSUNION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)

(in millions, except per share data)

	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	420.9		$	585.3
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance of $15.1 and $11.0		694.5			602.2
Other current assets		286.5			262.7
Total current assets		1,401.9			1,450.2
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $781.8 and $711.3		182.9			218.2
Goodwill		5,085.5			5,551.4
Other intangibles, net of accumulated amortization of $2,589.3 and $2,268.6		3,546.3			3,675.5
Other assets		809.7			771.0
Total assets	$	11,026.4		$	11,666.3
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
Current liabilities:
Trade accounts payable	$	270.7		$	250.4
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt		114.6			114.6
Other current liabilities		525.9			540.5
Total current liabilities		911.1			905.5
Long-term debt		5,253.9			5,555.5
Deferred taxes		666.2			762.0
Other liabilities		154.6			173.9
Total liabilities		6,985.8			7,396.9
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 1.0 billion shares authorized at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, 199.9 million and 198.7 million shares issued at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and 193.7 million shares and 192.7 million shares outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively		2.0			2.0
Additional paid-in capital		2,386.6			2,290.3
Treasury stock at cost; 6.2 million and 6.0 million shares at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively		(302.2	)		(284.5	)
Retained earnings		2,091.3			2,446.6
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(238.7	)		(284.5	)
Total TransUnion stockholders' equity		3,939.0			4,169.9
Noncontrolling interests		101.6			99.5
Total stockholders' equity		4,040.6			4,269.4
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	11,026.4		$	11,666.3

TRANSUNION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)

(in millions, except per share data)

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2023			2022			2023			2022
Revenue	$	968.7		$	938.2		$	2,876.9		$	2,807.8
Operating expenses
Cost of services (exclusive of depreciation and amortization below)		344.8			338.2			1,073.2			988.2
Selling, general and administrative		314.8			301.0			931.3			943.6
Depreciation and amortization		131.3			129.6			391.1			389.0
Goodwill impairment		495.0			—			495.0			—
Total operating expenses		1,286.0			768.8			2,890.6			2,320.8
Operating income (loss)		(317.3	)		169.5			(13.7	)		487.0
Non-operating income and (expense)
Interest expense		(72.7	)		(61.3	)		(217.2	)		(163.4	)
Interest income		5.0			1.1			15.1			3.1
Earnings from equity method investments		3.7			3.5			11.7			9.7
Other income and (expense), net		8.7			(2.0	)		(16.3	)		(20.2	)
Total non-operating income and (expense)		(55.4	)		(58.7	)		(206.8	)		(170.9	)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes		(372.7	)		110.8			(220.5	)		316.1
Provision for income taxes		(22.2	)		(30.6	)		(60.1	)		(84.1	)
Income (loss) from continuing operations		(394.9	)		80.3			(280.6	)		232.0
Discontinued operations, net of tax		(0.5	)		2.4			(0.7	)		2.3
Net income (loss)		(395.4	)		82.7			(281.3	)		234.3
Less: net income attributable to the noncontrolling interests		(4.3	)		(3.5	)		(11.9	)		(11.3	)
Net income (loss) attributable to TransUnion	$	(399.8	)	$	79.2		$	(293.2	)	$	223.0

Income (loss) from continuing operations	$	(394.9	)	$	80.3		$	(280.6	)	$	232.0
Less: income from continuing operations attributable to noncontrolling interests		(4.3	)		(3.5	)		(11.9	)		(11.3	)
Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to TransUnion		(399.3	)		76.8			(292.5	)		220.7
Discontinued operations, net of tax		(0.5	)		2.4			(0.7	)		2.3
Net income (loss) attributable to TransUnion	$	(399.8	)	$	79.2		$	(293.2	)	$	223.0

Basic earnings per common share from:
Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to TransUnion	$	(2.06	)	$	0.40		$	(1.51	)	$	1.15
Discontinued operations, net of tax		—			0.01			—			0.01
Net Income (loss) attributable to TransUnion	$	(2.07	)	$	0.41		$	(1.52	)	$	1.16
Diluted earnings per common share from:
Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to TransUnion	$	(2.06	)	$	0.40		$	(1.51	)	$	1.14
Discontinued operations, net of tax		—			0.01			—			0.01
Net Income (loss) attributable to TransUnion	$	(2.07	)	$	0.41		$	(1.52	)	$	1.15
Weighted-average shares outstanding:
Basic		193.4			192.6			193.3			192.4
Diluted		193.4			193.2			193.3			193.1

As a result of displaying amounts in millions, and for the calculation of earnings per share, rounding differences may exist in the table above.

TRANSUNION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

(in millions)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2023			2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$	(281.3	)	$	234.3
Less: Discontinued operations, net of tax		0.7			(2.3	)
Income (loss) from continuing operations		(280.6	)		232.0
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		391.1			389.0
Goodwill impairment		495.0			—
Loss on repayment of loans		3.0			6.5
Deferred taxes		(101.3	)		(60.7	)
Stock-based compensation		72.9			62.0
Other		13.1			14.9
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Trade accounts receivable		(104.2	)		(72.7	)
Other current and long-term assets		(42.4	)		(31.0	)
Trade accounts payable		16.9			(20.4	)
Other current and long-term liabilities		(19.7	)		(448.8	)
Cash provided by operating activities of continuing operations		443.8			70.8
Cash provided by operating activities of discontinued operations		(0.2	)		4.6
Cash provided by operating activities		443.6			75.4
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures		(213.2	)		(192.5	)
Proceeds from sale/maturities of other investments		63.9			85.3
Purchases of other investments		(43.7	)		(103.9	)
Investments in consolidated affiliates, net of cash acquired		—			(510.4	)
Investments in nonconsolidated affiliates		(36.9	)		(14.8	)
Payment related to disposal of discontinued operations		(0.5	)		—
Other		(0.1	)		1.6
Cash used in investing activities of continuing operations		(230.5	)		(734.7	)
Cash used in investing activities of discontinued operations		—			(1.9	)
Cash used in investing activities		(230.5	)		(736.6	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Repayments of debt		(310.9	)		(486.0	)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock and exercise of stock options		23.1			18.7
Dividends to shareholders		(61.4	)		(57.5	)
Employee taxes paid on restricted stock units recorded as treasury stock		(17.6	)		(30.0	)
Payment of contingent consideration		—			(2.8	)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests		(8.5	)		(6.3	)
Cash used in financing activities of continuing operations		(375.3	)		(563.9	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(2.2	)		(21.2	)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		(164.4	)		(1,246.3	)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		585.3			1,842.4
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	420.9		$	596.1

As a result of displaying amounts in millions, rounding differences may exist in the table above.

SCHEDULE 1

TRANSUNION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Revenue and Adjusted EBITDA growth rates as Reported, CC, Inorganic, Organic and Organic CC

(Unaudited)

	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 compared with the Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Reported		CC Growth¹		Inorganic²		Organic Growth³		Organic CC Growth⁴
Revenue:
Consolidated	3.2	%	3.2	%	—	%	3.2	%	3.2	%
U.S. Markets	2.0	%	2.0	%	—	%	2.0	%	2.0	%
Financial Services	(0.2	)%	(0.2	)%	—	%	(0.2	)%	(0.2	)%
Emerging Verticals	4.4	%	4.3	%	—	%	4.4	%	4.3	%
International	11.5	%	11.3	%	—	%	11.5	%	11.3	%
Canada	13.3	%	16.5	%	—	%	13.3	%	16.5	%
Latin America	8.2	%	2.8	%	—	%	8.2	%	2.8	%
United Kingdom	2.6	%	(4.5	)%	—	%	2.6	%	(4.5	)%
Africa	(2.3	)%	7.9	%	—	%	(2.3	)%	7.9	%
India	26.4	%	31.0	%	—	%	26.4	%	31.0	%
Asia Pacific	12.8	%	12.3	%	—	%	12.8	%	12.3	%
Consumer Interactive	(2.9	)%	(2.8	)%	—	%	(2.9	)%	(2.8	)%

Adjusted EBITDA:
Consolidated	4.5	%	4.5	%	—	%	4.5	%	4.5	%
U.S. Markets	2.1	%	2.1	%	—	%	2.1	%	2.1	%
International	13.9	%	13.7	%	—	%	13.9	%	13.7	%
Consumer Interactive	(1.3	)%	(1.2	)%	—	%	(1.3	)%	(1.2	)%

SCHEDULE 1

TRANSUNION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Revenue and Adjusted EBITDA growth rates as Reported, CC, Inorganic, Organic and Organic CC

(Unaudited)

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 compared with the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Reported		CC Growth¹		Inorganic²		Organic Growth³		Organic CC Growth⁴
Revenue:
Consolidated	2.5	%	3.4	%	0.7	%	1.7	%	2.7	%
U.S. Markets	2.2	%	2.2	%	1.1	%	1.1	%	1.1	%
Financial Services	1.7	%	1.7	%	2.1	%	(0.4	)%	(0.4	)%
Emerging Verticals	2.8	%	2.8	%	—	%	2.8	%	2.8	%
International	7.5	%	12.1	%	—	%	7.5	%	12.1	%
Canada	7.2	%	12.4	%	—	%	7.2	%	12.4	%
Latin America	4.7	%	6.3	%	—	%	4.7	%	6.3	%
United Kingdom	(5.5	)%	(4.4	)%	—	%	(5.5	)%	(4.4	)%
Africa	(3.6	)%	10.7	%	—	%	(3.6	)%	10.7	%
India	24.7	%	32.8	%	—	%	24.7	%	32.8	%
Asia Pacific	17.7	%	18.8	%	—	%	17.7	%	18.8	%
Consumer Interactive	(3.3	)%	(3.3	)%	—	%	(3.3	)%	(3.3	)%

Adjusted EBITDA:
Consolidated	(0.7	)%	0.3	%	(0.3	)%	(0.4	)%	0.7	%
U.S. Markets	(3.6	)%	(3.7	)%	(0.5	)%	(3.1	)%	(3.2	)%
International	8.1	%	12.6	%	—	%	8.1	%	12.6	%
Consumer Interactive	(0.1	)%	0.1	%	—	%	(0.1	)%	0.1	%

Constant Currency ("CC") growth rates assume foreign currency exchange rates are consistent between years. This allows financial results to be evaluated without the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.
Inorganic growth rate represents growth attributable to the first twelve months of activity for recent business acquisitions.
Organic growth rate is the reported growth rate less the inorganic growth rate.
Organic CC growth rate is the CC growth rate less inorganic growth rate.

SCHEDULE 2

TRANSUNION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated and Segment Revenue, Adjusted EBITDA, and Adjusted EBITDA Margin (Unaudited)

(dollars in millions)

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2023			2022			2023			2022
Revenue:
U.S. Markets gross revenue
Financial Services	$	322.6		$	323.3		$	975.1		$	958.6
Emerging Verticals		310.9			297.8			920.9			895.8
U.S. Markets gross revenue	$	633.5		$	621.1		$	1,896.1		$	1,854.4

International gross revenue
Canada	$	36.7		$	32.4		$	103.1		$	96.2
Latin America		30.9			28.6			89.4			85.3
United Kingdom		49.8			48.5			146.0			154.5
Africa		15.2			15.5			44.3			45.9
India		56.1			44.4			161.8			129.8
Asia Pacific		22.3			19.8			65.6			55.7
International gross revenue	$	211.0		$	189.2		$	610.1		$	567.4

Consumer Interactive gross revenue	$	143.1		$	147.3		$	429.4		$	444.3

Total gross revenue	$	987.6		$	957.6		$	2,935.6		$	2,866.1

Intersegment revenue eliminations
U.S. Markets	$	(18.0	)	$	(17.6	)	$	(54.0	)	$	(53.1	)
International		(1.5	)		(1.5	)		(4.3	)		(4.5	)
Consumer Interactive		0.5			(0.3	)		(0.4	)		(0.8	)
Total intersegment revenue eliminations	$	(19.0	)	$	(19.4	)	$	(58.7	)	$	(58.4	)

Total revenue as reported	$	968.7		$	938.2		$	2,876.9		$	2,807.8

Adjusted EBITDA:
U.S. Markets	$	223.0		$	218.4		$	645.1		$	669.5
International		95.5			83.9			266.9			246.9
Consumer Interactive		72.1			73.1			209.9			210.0
Corporate		(34.5	)		(34.7	)		(104.3	)		(101.2	)
Adjusted EBITDA margin:¹
U.S. Markets		35.2	%		35.2	%		34.0	%		36.1	%
International		45.3	%		44.3	%		43.7	%		43.5	%
Consumer Interactive		50.4	%		49.6	%		48.9	%		47.3	%

Segment Adjusted EBITDA margins are calculated using segment gross revenue and segment Adjusted EBITDA.

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2023			2022			2023			2022
Reconciliation of net income attributable to TransUnion to consolidated Adjusted EBITDA:
Net income (loss) attributable to TransUnion	$	(399.8	)	$	79.2		$	(293.2	)	$	223.0
Discontinued operations, net of tax		0.5			(2.4	)		0.7			(2.3	)
Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to TransUnion	$	(399.3	)	$	76.8		$	(292.5	)	$	220.7
Net interest expense		67.8			60.2			202.1			160.4
Provision for income taxes		22.2			30.6			60.1			84.1
Depreciation and amortization		131.3			129.6			391.1			389.0
EBITDA	$	(178.0	)	$	297.1		$	360.8		$	854.1
Adjustments to EBITDA:
Goodwill impairment¹	$	495.0		$	—		$	495.0		$	—
Stock-based compensation²		27.0			19.9			73.3			60.8
Mergers and acquisitions, divestitures and business optimization³		(6.0	)		7.8			24.5			36.4
Accelerated technology investment⁴		16.3			12.1			53.5			32.2
Net other⁵		1.8			3.8			10.6			41.7
Total adjustments to EBITDA	$	534.1		$	43.6		$	656.8		$	171.1
Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA	$	356.1		$	340.7		$	1,017.6		$	1,025.2

Net income (loss) attributable to TransUnion margin		(41.3	)%		8.4	%		(10.2	)%		7.9	%
Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA margin⁶		36.8	%		36.3	%		35.4	%		36.5	%

As a result of displaying amounts in millions, rounding differences may exist in the tables above and footnotes below.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded a goodwill impairment of $495 million related to our United Kingdom reporting unit in our International segment.
Consisted of stock-based compensation, including amounts which are cash settled.
Mergers and acquisitions, divestitures and business optimization consisted of the following adjustments:

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, $4.1 million of Neustar integration costs; $1.7 million of acquisition expenses; a $1.0 million adjustment to fair value of a note receivable; an $(11.7) million adjustment to the fair value of a put option liability related to a minority investment; and $(1.1) million of reimbursements for transition services related to divested businesses, net of separation expenses.

For the three months ended September 30, 2022, $8.7 million of Neustar integration costs; $3.4 million of acquisition expenses; a $(3.4) million gain related to a government tax reimbursement from a recent business acquisition; $(0.7) million of reimbursements for transition services related to divested businesses, net of separation expenses; and a $(0.3) million adjustment to the fair value of a put option liability related to a minority investment.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, $15.6 million of Neustar integration costs; a $9.1 million loss on the impairment of a Cost Method Investment; $5.5 million of acquisition expenses; $5.1 million of adjustments to liabilities from a recent acquisition; a $(6.2) million adjustment to the fair value of a put option liability related to a minority investment; $(2.4) million of reimbursements for transition services related to divested businesses, net of separation expenses; a $(1.3) million adjustment to the fair value of a note receivable; and a $(0.8) million gain on the disposal of a Cost Method Investment.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, $25.5 million of Neustar integration costs; $21.4 million of acquisition expenses; $(6.0) million of reimbursements for transition services related to divested businesses, net of separation expenses; a $(3.4) million gain related to a government tax reimbursement from a recent business acquisition; and a $(1.0) million adjustment to the fair value of a put option liability related to a minority investment.
Represents expenses associated with our accelerated technology investment to migrate to the cloud.
Net other consisted of the following adjustments:

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, $1.0 million of deferred loan fees written off as a result of the prepayment on our debt; and a $0.9 million net loss from currency remeasurement of our foreign operations, loan fees and other.

For the three months ended September 30, 2022, a $3.8 million net loss from currency remeasurement of our foreign operations, loan fees and other.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, $3.1 million of deferred loan fees written off as a result of the prepayment on our debt; and a $7.5 million net loss from currency remeasurement of our foreign operations, loan fees and other.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, $28.4 million for certain legal and regulatory expenses; $6.5 million of deferred loan fees written off as a result of the prepayments on our debt; and a $6.8 million net loss from currency remeasurement of our foreign operations, loan fees and other.
Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA margin is calculated by dividing Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA by total revenue.

SCHEDULE 3

TRANSUNION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share (Unaudited)

(in millions, except per share data)

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2023			2022			2023			2022
Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to TransUnion	$	(399.3	)	$	76.8		$	(292.5	)	$	220.7
Discontinued operations, net of tax		(0.5	)		2.4			(0.7	)		2.3
Net income (loss) attributable to TransUnion	$	(399.8	)	$	79.2		$	(293.2	)	$	223.0

Weighted-average shares outstanding:
Basic		193.4			192.6			193.3			192.4
Diluted		193.4			193.2			193.3			193.1

Basic earnings per common share¹ from:
Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to TransUnion	$	(2.06	)	$	0.40		$	(1.51	)	$	1.15
Discontinued operations, net of tax		—			0.01			—			0.01
Net Income (loss) attributable to TransUnion	$	(2.07	)	$	0.41		$	(1.52	)	$	1.16
Diluted earnings per common share¹ from:
Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to TransUnion	$	(2.06	)	$	0.40		$	(1.51	)	$	1.14
Discontinued operations, net of tax		—			0.01			—			0.01
Net Income (loss) attributable to TransUnion	$	(2.07	)	$	0.41		$	(1.52	)	$	1.15

Reconciliation of net income (loss) attributable to TransUnion to Adjusted Net Income:
Net income (loss) attributable to TransUnion	$	(399.8	)	$	79.2		$	(293.2	)	$	223.0
Discontinued operations, net of tax		0.5			(2.4	)		0.7			(2.3	)
Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to TransUnion	$	(399.3	)	$	76.8		$	(292.5	)	$	220.7
Adjustments before income tax items:
Goodwill impairment²	$	495.0		$	—		$	495.0		$	—
Stock-based compensation³		27.0			19.9			73.3			60.8
Mergers and acquisitions, divestitures and business optimization⁴		(6.0	)		7.8			24.5			36.4
Accelerated technology investment⁵		16.3			12.1			53.5			32.2
Net other⁶		1.8			3.4			9.6			40.5
Amortization of certain intangible assets⁷		72.1			76.7			221.2			231.1
Total adjustments before income tax items	$	606.2		$	119.9		$	877.0		$	401.0
Change in provision for income taxes per Schedule 4		(29.5	)		(16.5	)		(85.2	)		(73.2	)
Adjusted Net Income	$	177.4		$	180.2		$	499.3		$	548.5

Weighted-average shares outstanding:
Basic		193.4			192.6			193.3			192.4
Diluted⁸		194.6			193.2			194.8			193.1

Adjusted Earnings per Share:
Basic	$	0.92		$	0.94		$	2.58		$	2.85
Diluted	$	0.91		$	0.93		$	2.56		$	2.84

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2023			2022			2023			2022
Reconciliation of diluted earnings per share from net income attributable to TransUnion to Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share:
Diluted earnings per common share¹ from:
Net income (loss) attributable to TransUnion	$	(2.07	)	$	0.41		$	(1.52	)	$	1.15
Discontinued operations, net of tax		—			(0.01	)		—			(0.01	)
Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to TransUnion	$	(2.06	)	$	0.40		$	(1.51	)	$	1.14
Adjustments before income tax items:
Goodwill impairment²		2.54			—			2.54			—
Stock-based compensation³		0.14			0.10			0.38			0.31
Mergers and acquisitions, divestitures and business optimization⁴		(0.03	)		0.04			0.13			0.19
Accelerated technology investment⁵		0.08			0.06			0.27			0.17
Net other⁶		0.01			0.02			0.05			0.21
Amortization of certain intangible assets⁷		0.37			0.40			1.14			1.20
Total adjustments before income tax items	$	3.11		$	0.62		$	4.50		$	2.08
Change in provision for income taxes per Schedule 4		(0.15	)		(0.09	)		(0.44	)		(0.38	)
Impact of additional dilutive shares⁸		0.01			—			0.02			—
Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share	$	0.91		$	0.93		$	2.56		$	2.84

As a result of displaying amounts in millions, rounding differences may exist in the table above and footnotes below.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, each component of earnings per share is calculated independently, therefore, rounding differences exist in the table above.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded a goodwill impairment of $495 million related to our United Kingdom reporting unit in our International segment.
Consisted of stock-based compensation, including amounts which are cash settled.
Mergers and acquisitions, divestitures and business optimization consisted of the following adjustments:

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, $4.1 million of Neustar integration costs; $1.7 million of acquisition expenses; a $1.0 million adjustment to fair value of a note receivable; an $(11.7) million adjustment to the fair value of a put option liability related to a minority investment; and $(1.1) million of reimbursements for transition services related to divested businesses, net of separation expenses.

For the three months ended September 30, 2022, $8.7 million of Neustar integration costs; $3.4 million of acquisition expenses; a $(3.4) million gain related to a government tax reimbursement from a recent business acquisition; $(0.7) million of reimbursements for transition services related to divested businesses, net of separation expenses; and a $(0.3) million adjustment to the fair value of a put option liability related to a minority investment.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, $15.6 million of Neustar integration costs; a $9.1 million loss on the impairment of a Cost Method Investment; $5.5 million of acquisition expenses; $5.1 million of adjustments to liabilities from a recent acquisition; a $(6.2) million adjustment to the fair value of a put option liability related to a minority investment; $(2.4) million of reimbursements for transition services related to divested businesses, net of separation expense; a $(1.3) million adjustment to the fair value of a note receivables; and a $(0.8) million gain on the disposal of a Cost Method Investment.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, $25.5 million of Neustar integration costs; $21.4 million of acquisition expenses; $(6.0) million of reimbursements for transition services related to divested businesses, net of separation expenses; a $(3.4) million gain related to a government tax reimbursement from a recent business acquisition; and a $(1.0) million adjustment to the fair value of a put option liability related to a minority investment.
Represents expenses associated with our accelerated technology investment to migrate to the cloud.
Net other consisted of the following adjustments:

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, $1.0 million of deferred loan fees written off as a result of the prepayment on our debt; and a $0.8 million net loss from currency remeasurement of our foreign operations and other.

For the three months ended September 30, 2022, a $3.4 million net loss from currency remeasurement of our foreign operations and other.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, $3.1 million of deferred loan fees written off as a result of the prepayment on our debt; and a $6.5 million net loss from currency remeasurement of our foreign operations and other.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, a $28.4 million net increase in certain legal and regulatory expenses; $6.5 million of deferred loan fees written off as a result of the prepayments on our debt; and a $5.6 million net loss from currency remeasurement of our foreign operations and other.
Consisted of amortization of intangible assets from our 2012 change-in-control transaction and amortization of intangible assets established in business acquisitions after our 2012 change-in-control transaction.
Diluted share counts for Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share includes an additional 1.2 million and 1.5 million of dilutive securities for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, which are not included in GAAP diluted weighted-average shares outstanding due to the Company's net loss position for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

SCHEDULE 4

TRANSUNION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Adjusted Provision for Income Taxes and Adjusted Effective Tax Rate (Unaudited)

(dollars in millions)

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2023			2022			2023			2022
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes	$	(372.7	)	$	110.8		$	(220.5	)	$	316.1
Total adjustments before income tax items from Schedule 3		606.2			119.9			877.0			401.0
Adjusted income from continuing operations before income taxes	$	233.5		$	230.8		$	656.5		$	717.0

Reconciliation of provision for income taxes to Adjusted Provision for Income Taxes:
Provision for income taxes		(22.2	)		(30.6	)		(60.1	)		(84.1	)
Adjustments for income taxes:
Tax effect of above adjustments¹		(27.9	)		(26.1	)		(90.1	)		(82.7	)
Eliminate impact of excess tax expenses/(benefits) for stock-based compensation		0.7			(0.6	)		2.7			(5.6	)
Other²		(2.2	)		10.2			2.2			15.1
Total adjustments for income taxes	$	(29.5	)	$	(16.5	)	$	(85.2	)	$	(73.2	)
Adjusted Provision for Income Taxes	$	(51.7	)	$	(47.1	)	$	(145.3	)	$	(157.3	)

Effective tax rate		(6.0	)%		27.6	%		(27.2	)%		26.6	%
Adjusted Effective Tax Rate		22.2	%		20.4	%		22.1	%		21.9	%

As a result of displaying amounts in millions, rounding differences may exist in the table above.

Tax rates used to calculate the tax expense impact are based on the nature of each item.
For the three months ended September 30, 2023, ($1.8) million of valuation allowances related to prior periods; ($0.5) million of return to provision, audit adjustments, and reserves related to prior periods; and $0.1 of other adjustments.

For the three months ended September 30, 2022, $6.7 million of valuation allowances related to prior periods; $1.8 million of return to provision and audit adjustments related to prior periods; and $1.7 million of other adjustments.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, $2.6 million of return to provision, audit adjustments, and reserves related to prior periods; ($0.7) million of valuation allowances related to prior periods; and $0.3 million of other adjustments.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, $7.3 million of valuation allowances related to prior periods; $2.8 million of return to provision and audit adjustments related to prior periods; $2.0 million of deferred tax rate adjustments, and $3.0 million of other adjustments.

SCHEDULE 5

TRANSUNION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Leverage Ratio (Unaudited)

(dollars in millions)

	Trailing Twelve Months Ended September 30, 2023
Reconciliation of net income (loss) attributable to TransUnion to Adjusted EBITDA:
Net income (loss) attributable to TransUnion	$	(246.8	)
Discontinued operations, net of tax		(14.3	)
Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to TransUnion	$	(261.1	)
Net interest expense		268.0
Provision for income taxes		95.9
Depreciation and amortization		521.2
EBITDA	$	623.9
Adjustments to EBITDA:
Goodwill impairment¹	$	495.0
Stock-based compensation²		93.6
Mergers and acquisitions, divestitures and business optimization³		38.8
Accelerated technology investment⁴		72.7
Net other⁵		14.9
Total adjustments to EBITDA	$	715.0
Leverage Ratio Adjusted EBITDA	$	1,338.9

Total debt	$	5,368.5
Less: Cash and cash equivalents		420.9
Net Debt	$	4,947.7

Ratio of Net Debt to Net income (loss) attributable to TransUnion		(20.0	)
Leverage Ratio		3.7

As a result of displaying amounts in millions, rounding differences may exist in the table above.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded a goodwill impairment of $495.0 million related to our United Kingdom reporting unit in our International segment.
Consisted of stock-based compensation, including amounts which are cash settled.
Mergers and acquisitions, divestitures and business optimization consisted of the following adjustments: $23.3 million of Neustar integration costs; a $13.7 million loss on the impairment of Cost Method Investments; $7.9 million of acquisition expenses; a $5.8 million adjustment to the fair value of a put option liability related to a minority investment; a $5.0 million adjustment to a liability from a recent acquisition; $(3.2) million of reimbursements for transition services related to divested businesses, net of separation expenses; a $(1.3) million adjustment to the fair value of a note receivable; and a $(0.8) million gain on disposal of a Cost Method investment.
Represents expenses associated with our accelerated technology investment to migrate to the cloud.
Net other consisted of the following adjustments: a $7.4 million net loss from currency remeasurement of our foreign operations, loan fees and other; and $7.4 million of deferred loan fees written off as a result of the prepayments on our debt.

SCHEDULE 6

TRANSUNION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Segment Depreciation and Amortization (Unaudited)

(in millions)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2023		2022		2023		2022

U.S. Markets	$	90.5	$	88.9	$	266.7	$	263.2
International		31.0		30.8		95.5		95.7
Consumer Interactive		8.8		8.6		25.6		26.2
Corporate		1.1		1.2		3.3		3.8
Total depreciation and amortization	$	131.3	$	129.6	$	391.1	$	389.0

As a result of displaying amounts in millions, rounding differences may exist in the table above.

SCHEDULE 7

TRANSUNION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Guidance (Unaudited)

(in millions, except per share data)

	Three Months Ended December 31, 2023						Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2023
	Low			High			Low			High
Guidance reconciliation of net income attributable to TransUnion to Adjusted EBITDA:
Net income (loss) attributable to TransUnion	$	17		$	34		$	(277	)	$	(259	)
Discontinued operations, net of tax		—			—			1			1
Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to TransUnion	$	16		$	34		$	(276	)	$	(258	)
Interest, taxes and depreciation and amortization		218			213			871			866
EBITDA	$	235		$	247		$	595		$	608
Stock-based compensation, mergers, acquisitions divestitures and business optimization-related expenses and other adjustments¹		68			68			725			725
Adjusted EBITDA	$	303		$	315		$	1,320		$	1,333

Net income (loss) attributable to TransUnion margin		1.8	%		3.7	%		(7.3	)%		(6.8	)%
Adjusted EBITDA margin²		33.0	%		33.8	%		34.8	%		35.0	%

Guidance reconciliation of diluted earnings per share to Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share:
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.08		$	0.18		$	(1.43	)	$	(1.34	)
Adjustments to diluted earnings per share¹		0.59			0.55			4.67			4.62
Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share	$	0.67		$	0.72		$	3.24		$	3.28

As a result of displaying amounts in millions, rounding differences may exist in the table above.

These adjustments include the same adjustments we make to our Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income as discussed in the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section of our Earnings Release.
Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA margin is calculated by dividing Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA by total revenue.