UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

SCHEDULE 14A

(Rule 14a-101)

INFORMATION REQUIRED IN PROXY STATEMENT

SCHEDULE 14A INFORMATION

Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

(Amendment No. )

Filed by the Registrant ☒

Filed by a Party other than the Registrant ☐

Check the appropriate box:

☒	Preliminary Proxy Statement

☐	Confidential, for Use of the Commission Only (as permitted by Rule 14a-6(e)(2))

☐	Definitive Proxy Statement

☐	Definitive Additional Materials

☐	Soliciting Material Pursuant to §240.14a-12

ABEONA THERAPEUTICS INC.

(Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

(Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement, if Other Than the Registrant)

Payment of Filing Fee (Check the appropriate box):

☒	No fee required

☐	Fee paid previously with preliminary materials

☐	Fee computed on table in exhibit required by Item 25(b) per Exchange Act Rules 14a-6(i)(1) and 0-11

PRELIMINARY PROXY – SUBJECT TO COMPLETION

ABEONA THERAPEUTICS INC.

6555 Carnegie Ave., 4th Floor

Cleveland, OH 44103

646-813-4701

April [ ], 2026

To Our Stockholders:

You are cordially invited to attend the Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Annual Meeting”) of Abeona Therapeutics Inc. (the “Company”) to be held virtually on Thursday, June 12, 2026, at 9:00 a.m., Eastern Time. Our Annual Meeting will be held in a virtual format only. You will be able to attend the Annual Meeting, vote and submit your questions during the Annual Meeting via a live webcast through the link www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/ABEO2026.

The Notice of Annual Meeting and the proxy statement that follow describe the business to be considered and acted upon by stockholders of the Company at the Annual Meeting. Please carefully review the information contained in the proxy statement.

IT IS VERY IMPORTANT THAT YOU MARK, SIGN, DATE AND RETURN THE ENCLOSED PROXY CARD IN THE ENVELOPE PROVIDED AS SOON AS POSSIBLE. YOU MAY VIRTUALLY ATTEND THE ANNUAL MEETING BY VISITING WWW.VIRTUALSHAREHOLDER‌MEETING.COM/ABEO2026 ON THE MEETING DATE. IF YOU VIRTUALLY ATTEND THE ANNUAL MEETING AND WISH TO VOTE AT THE ANNUAL MEETING, YOU MAY REVOKE YOUR PROXY AT THAT TIME BY REQUESTING THE RIGHT TO VOTE DURING THE ANNUAL MEETING. YOU MAY ALSO REVOKE YOUR PROXY AT ANY TIME BEFORE IT IS EXERCISED BY VOTING, BY SUBMITTING ANOTHER PROXY BEARING A LATER DATE, OR BY GIVING NOTICE IN WRITING TO OUR SECRETARY NOT LATER THAN THE DAY PRIOR TO THE ANNUAL MEETING.

Sincerely,

/s/ Vishwas Seshadri

Vishwas Seshadri

President and Chief Executive Officer

ABEONA THERAPEUTICS INC.

6555 Carnegie Ave., 4th Floor

Cleveland, OH 44103

646-813-4701

NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS

to be held on Thursday, June 12, 2026

PLEASE TAKE NOTICE that the 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Annual Meeting”) of Abeona Therapeutics Inc. (the “Company”) will be held virtually over the Internet on Thursday, June 12, 2026, at 9:00 a.m., Eastern Time, for the following purposes:

1.	To elect Michael Amoroso, Keith A. Goldan, and Bernhart G. Zeiher, M.D. as Class 1 directors to hold office for a term of three years and until their successors are elected and qualified;

2.	To approve, on an advisory basis, the compensation of the Company’s named executive officers;

3.	To ratify the appointment of Deloitte & Touche LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2026;

4.	To approve an increase in the number of shares reserved for issuance under the Amended and Restated Abeona Therapeutics Inc. 2023 Equity Incentive Plan from 8,400,000 to 11,500,000; and

5.	To approve an amendment to the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to remove the advance notice provision for director nominations.

In addition to the foregoing, the Annual Meeting will include the transaction of such other business as may properly come before the Annual Meeting, or any adjournment(s), continuation(s), rescheduling(s) or postponement(s) thereof. The Board of Directors has fixed the close of business on Tuesday, April 15, 2026 (the “Record Date”), as the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive notice of, and to vote at, the Annual Meeting and any adjournment or postponement thereof. Only stockholders of record at the close of business on the Record Date are entitled to notice of and to vote at the Annual Meeting. A complete list of stockholders entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting will be available for inspection by stockholders at our offices during normal business hours, during the 10 days prior to the Annual Meeting as well as during the Annual Meeting at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/ABEO2026.

Information relating to the proposals described above is set forth in the accompanying proxy statement. Please carefully review the proxy statement, which is accompanied by our annual report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025. The proxy statement and our Annual Report are available at www.proxyvote.com.

Stockholders are invited to attend the Annual Meeting to be held virtually over the Internet on Thursday, June 12, 2026, at 9:00 a.m., Eastern Time. YOUR VOTE IS IMPORTANT. If you do not expect to virtually attend the Annual Meeting, or if you do plan to virtually attend but wish to vote by proxy, please complete, date, sign and mail the enclosed proxy card in the return envelope provided addressed to Vote Processing, c/o Broadridge, 51 Mercedes Way, Edgewood, NY 11717. Proxies will also be accepted as follows: (1) via the Internet by accessing www.proxyvote.com and following the on-screen instructions or scanning the QR code on the proxy card with your smartphone; (2) by calling toll-free at 1-800-690-6903 from any touch-tone telephone and following the instructions; (3) by signing, dating and returning your proxy card in the prepaid enclosed envelope and (4) by attending the virtual Annual Meeting at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/ABEO2026. You should have your proxy card available in front of you when you log onto the Internet or call. You can vote online or by phone until 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time the day before the Annual Meeting.

By Order of the Board of Directors,

/s/ Vishwas Seshadri

Vishwas Seshadri

President and Chief Executive Officer

Cleveland, OH

April [ ], 2026

IMPORTANT NOTICE REGARDING THE AVAILABILITY OF PROXY MATERIALS FOR THE 2026 ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS TO BE HELD ON JUNE 12, 2026:

The Notice of Annual Meeting, the accompanying Proxy Statement and our Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 are all available, free of charge, at www.proxyvote.com.

PRELIMINARY PROXY STATEMENT – SUBJECT TO COMPLETION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	Page

NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS	ii

PROXY STATEMENT SUMMARY	1

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MATTERS	4

AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORT	7

COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS	8

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT	10

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION	12

PAY VERSUS PERFORMANCE	16

PROPOSALS TO BE VOTED UPON	18

PROPOSAL 1 ELECTION OF DIRECTORS	18

PROPOSAL 2 ADVISORY VOTE ON THE COMPENSATION OF THE COMPANY’S NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS	24

PROPOSAL 3 RATIFICATION OF APPOINTMENT OF DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP AS OUR INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM	25

OTHER MATTERS	40

Appendix A – Third Amended and Restated Abeona Therapeutics Inc. 2023 Equity Incentive Plan

Appendix B – Full Text of Article VII.C of the Company’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation

iii

PROXY STATEMENT SUMMARY

This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this proxy statement. This summary does not contain all information that you should consider, and you should review all of the information contained in this proxy statement before voting.

Annual Meeting of Stockholders

Date:		June 12, 2026

Time:		9:00 a.m. Eastern Time

Location:		Online only at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/ABEO2026. Stockholders will not be able to attend the Annual Meeting in person.

Record Date:		April 15, 2026

Voting:		Stockholders as of the Record Date are entitled to vote. Each share of common stock is entitled to one vote.

Proposals and Voting Recommendations

*Proposal No.*	*Proposal*	*Board Recommendation*
1	To elect Michael Amoroso, Keith A. Goldan, and Bernhart G. Zeiher, M.D. as Class 1 Directors to hold office for a term of three years and until their successors are elected and qualified	FOR EACH NOMINEE

2	To approve, on an advisory basis, the compensation of the Company’s named executive officers	FOR

3	To ratify the appointment of Deloitte & Touche LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2026	FOR

4	To approve an increase in the number of shares reserved for issuance under the Amended and Restated Abeona Therapeutics Inc. 2023 Equity Incentive Plan from 8,400,000 to 11,500,000	FOR

5	To approve an amendment to the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to remove the advance notice provision for director nominations	FOR

Voting Methods

You can vote in one of four ways:

●	Visit www.proxyvote.com to vote VIA THE INTERNET

●	Call toll-free at 1-800-690-6903 and follow the instructions to vote VIA TELEPHONE

●	Sign, date and return your proxy card in the prepaid enclosed envelope to vote BY MAIL

●	Attend the virtual meeting at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/ABEO2026 to vote AT THE ANNUAL MEETING

ABEONA THERAPEUTICS INC.

6555 Carnegie Ave., 4th Floor

Cleveland, OH 44103

(646) 813-4701

PROXY STATEMENT

ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS

To Be Held on Thursday, June 12, 2026

This proxy statement is furnished by Abeona Therapeutics Inc., a Delaware corporation (“we,” “us,” “Abeona” or the “Company”), to holders of its common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Common Stock”), in connection with the solicitation of proxies by our Board of Directors (the “Board”) for use at our Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Annual Meeting”), and at any and all adjournments or postponements thereof. This proxy statement and the accompanying form of proxy is first being sent to holders of Common Stock on or about April [ ], 2026. Our mailing address and the location of our principal executive offices is 6555 Carnegie Ave., 4th Floor, Cleveland, OH 44103. Our telephone number is (646) 813-4701. The purposes of the Annual Meeting are set forth in the Notice of Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Notice of Annual Meeting”), which accompanies this proxy statement.

We have adopted a virtual format for our Annual Meeting to provide a consistent experience to all stockholders regardless of location. We have designed the virtual Annual Meeting to provide substantially the same opportunities to participate as you would have at an in-person meeting, including the ability to vote. Detailed instructions on how to vote and submit your questions at the Annual Meeting may be found online at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/ABEO2026.

All shares of Common Stock represented by properly executed proxies or voting instruction forms will be voted at the Annual Meeting in accordance with the directions marked on the proxies or voting instruction forms, unless such proxies or voting instruction forms have previously been revoked. If no directions are indicated on such proxies or voting instruction forms, they will be voted FOR EACH NOMINEE in Proposal 1 – the election of each nominee named under Election of Directors; FOR Proposal 2 – to approve, on an advisory basis, the compensation of the Company’s named executive officers; FOR Proposal 3 – the ratification of the appointment of Deloitte & Touche LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2026; FOR Proposal 4 – to approve an increase in the number of shares reserved for issuance under the Amended and Restated Abeona Therapeutics Inc. 2023 Equity Incentive Plan from 8,400,000 to 11,500,000; and FOR Proposal 5 – approve an amendment to the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to remove the advance notice provision for director nominations.

If any other matters are properly presented at the Annual Meeting for action, the proxy holders will vote the proxies (which confer discretionary authority upon such holders to vote on such matters) in accordance with their best judgment, subject to compliance with Rule 14a-4(c) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Each proxy executed and returned by a stockholder may be revoked at any time before it is voted by timely submission of a written notice of revocation or by submission of a duly executed proxy bearing a later date (in either case directed to the Secretary of the Company not later than the day prior to the Annual Meeting), or, if a stockholder is virtually present at the Annual Meeting, he or she may elect to revoke his or her proxy and request the right to vote his or her shares personally.

If your shares of Common Stock are registered directly in your name with our transfer agent, Odyssey Transfer and Trust Company, you are considered a “stockholder of record” or a “registered stockholder” of those shares. You should follow the instructions on the Notice of Annual Meeting to ensure that your vote is counted. Alternatively, you may attend virtually and vote at the Annual Meeting.

If your shares are held in an account at a bank, brokerage firm, or other similar organization (which we refer to as a “broker”), then you are a beneficial owner of shares held in “street name.” In that case, you will have received these proxy materials from the bank, brokerage firm, or other similar organization holding your account. As a beneficial owner, you will have to direct your broker on how to vote the shares held in your account in accordance with your broker’s requirements.

At the close of business on April 15, 2026, the record date for the Annual Meeting (the “Record Date”), the number of issued and outstanding shares of our Common Stock entitled to vote was 56,882,523. Each share of Common Stock entitles its holder to one vote with respect to all matters submitted to stockholders for a vote at the Annual Meeting. Consistent with the Company’s amended and restated bylaws (the “Bylaws”), uncontested director elections proceed by majority voting. In an uncontested election, a nominee for director will be elected to the Board if the votes cast “for” such nominee’s election exceed the votes cast “against” such nominee’s election.

A complete list of Company stockholders entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting will be available at our principal executive offices during normal business hours, at least 10 days prior to the Annual Meeting and during the Annual Meeting at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/ABEO2026. According to our Bylaws, the presence, through virtual attendance or by proxy, of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Common Stock entitled to vote constitutes a quorum for the conduct of business at the Annual Meeting. Abstentions and broker non-votes are counted as present for purposes of determining whether a quorum is present.

A broker non-vote occurs when brokers, who hold their clients’ shares in street name, sign and submit proxies for such shares and vote such shares on some matters but not others. This would occur when brokers have not received any instructions from their clients, in which case the brokers, as the holders of record, are permitted to vote on “routine” matters, which include the ratification of the appointment of an independent registered public accounting firm, but not on “non-routine” matters, such as the election of directors.

For Proposal 1, the directors will be elected upon the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast. For Proposal 1, stockholders may vote “FOR,” “AGAINST,” or “ABSTAIN.” Abstentions will have no effect on the outcome of such proposal. Broker non-votes, if any, will be disregarded and will have no effect on the outcome of the vote for Proposal 1.

Proposal 2, to approve, on an advisory basis, the compensation of the Company’s named executive officers, will be approved upon the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of Common Stock present through virtual attendance or by proxy at the Annual Meeting and entitled to vote on such proposal. Stockholders may vote “FOR” or “AGAINST,” or “ABSTAIN” from voting. Abstentions will have the effect of a vote “AGAINST” such proposal. Broker non-votes, if any, will be disregarded and will have no effect on the outcome of the vote for Proposal 2.

Proposal 3, the ratification of Deloitte & Touche LLP as our independent public accountant, will be approved upon the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of Common Stock present through virtual attendance or by proxy at the Annual Meeting and entitled to vote on such proposal. Stockholders may vote “FOR” or “AGAINST,” or “ABSTAIN” from voting. Abstentions will have the effect of a vote “AGAINST” such proposal. Brokers may vote on Proposal 3 absent instructions from the beneficial owner.

Proposal 4, to approve an increase in the number of shares reserved for issuance under the Amended and Restated Abeona Therapeutics Inc. 2023 Equity Incentive Plan from 8,400,000 to 11,500,000, will be approved upon the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of Common Stock present through virtual attendance or by proxy at the Annual Meeting and entitled to vote on such proposal. Stockholders may vote “FOR” or “AGAINST,” or “ABSTAIN” from voting. Abstentions will have the effect of a vote “AGAINST” such proposal. Broker non-votes, if any, will be disregarded and will have no effect on the outcome of the vote for Proposal 4.

Proposal 5, to approve an amendment to the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to remove the advance notice provision for director nominations, will be approved upon affirmative vote of the holders of at least 66 2/3% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock. Stockholders may vote “FOR” or “AGAINST,” or “ABSTAIN” from voting. Abstentions will have the effect of a vote “AGAINST” such proposal. Broker non-votes, if any, will have the effect of a vote “AGAINST” Proposal 5.

The Board is not aware of any matters that will be brought before the Annual Meeting other than those matters specifically set forth in the Notice of Annual Meeting. However, if any other matter properly comes before the Annual Meeting, it is intended that the persons named in the enclosed form of proxy, or their substitutes acting thereunder, will vote on such matter in accordance with the recommendations of the Board, or, if no such recommendations are made, in accordance with their best judgment.

All expenses in connection with solicitation of proxies will be borne by us. We will also request brokers, dealers, banks and voting trustees, and their nominees, to make available the Notice of Annual Meeting, this proxy statement, the accompanying form of proxy and our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 (the “Annual Report”) to beneficial owners and will reimburse them for their expenses in forwarding these materials. We expect to solicit proxies primarily by mail, but our directors, officers and employees may also solicit in person, by telephone or email, on behalf of the Board without additional compensation.

Stockholders of record as of the Record Date can attend the Annual Meeting online by logging onto our virtual forum at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/ABEO2026 and following the instructions provided on their proxy card, vote instruction card or “Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials.” To participate in the Annual Meeting, you will need the 16-digit control number included on your proxy card, voter instruction card or “Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials.” If you do not have this control number at the time of the Annual Meeting, you will still be able to attend virtually, but you will not be able to vote or ask questions.

The virtual Annual Meeting platform is fully supported across browsers (Microsoft Edge, Firefox, Chrome, and Safari) and devices (desktops, laptops, tablets, and cell phones) running the most updated version of applicable software and plugins. Attendees should ensure that they have a strong Wi-Fi connection wherever they intend to participate in the virtual Annual Meeting. Attendees should also give themselves plenty of time to log in and ensure that they can hear streaming audio prior to the start of the virtual Annual Meeting.

This proxy statement should be read together with our Annual Report, including the financial statements and management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations contained therein.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MATTERS

Pursuant to the Delaware General Corporation Law and our Bylaws, our business, property and affairs are managed by or under the direction of our Board. Members of the Board are kept informed of our business through discussions with our senior management, including our Chief Executive Officer, by reviewing materials provided to them and by participating in meetings of the Board and its committees. The Board is currently comprised of nine directors. The Board meets during our fiscal year to review significant developments affecting us and to act on matters requiring Board approval.

The Board has adopted a number of corporate governance documents, including charters for its Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, and Science and Technology Committee; corporate governance guidelines; a code of business conduct and ethics for employees, executive officers and directors (including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer) and a whistleblower policy regarding the treatment of complaints on accounting, internal accounting controls and auditing matters. All of these documents are available on our website at www.abeonatherapeutics.com under the heading “Investors & Media—Corporate Governance—Governance Documents,” and a copy of any such document may be obtained, without charge, upon written request to the Company, c/o Investor Relations, 6555 Carnegie Ave., 4th Floor, Cleveland, OH 44103.

Stockholder Communications with the Board

The Board has established a process for stockholders to send communications to it. Stockholders may send written communications to the Board or individual directors to Abeona Therapeutics Inc., Board of Directors, c/o Corporate Secretary, 6555 Carnegie Ave., 4th Floor, Cleveland, OH 44103. Stockholders also may send communications via email to IR@abeonatherapeutics.com with the notation “Attention: Corporate Secretary” in the subject field. All communications will be reviewed by the Corporate Secretary of the Company, who will determine whether such communications are relevant and for a proper purpose and appropriate for Board review and, if applicable, will submit such communications to the Board on a periodic basis.

Director Independence

We are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) and are subject to the Nasdaq rules and regulations governing director independence. The Board has determined that nine of our 10 directors are independent under applicable Nasdaq rules, namely Leila Alland, M.D., Mark J. Alvino, Michael Amoroso, Faith L. Charles, Eric Crombez, M.D., Keith A. Goldan, Christine Silverstein, Donald A. Wuchterl and Bernhardt G. Zeiher, M.D.

Board Leadership Structure

The Board has no set policy with respect to the separation of the roles of Chairman of the Board and principal executive officer. Michael Amoroso currently serves as our Chairman of the Board and Vishwas Seshadri as Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer).

Our Board leadership structure is commonly utilized by other public companies in the United States. We believe this leadership structure is appropriate and effective for us given the size and scope of our business, the experience and active involvement of our independent directors and our corporate governance practices, which include regular communication with and interaction between and among the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and Chief Legal Officer and the independent directors. Of the current members of our Board, eight are independent from management.

Board of Directors’ Role in Risk Oversight

The Board is responsible for overseeing our management and operations, including overseeing our risk assessment and risk management functions. We believe that our directors provide effective oversight of risk management functions. We perform a risk review on a regular basis wherein the management team evaluates the risks we expect to face in the upcoming year and over a longer-term horizon. From this risk assessment, plans are developed to deal with the risks identified. The results of this risk assessment are provided to the Board for its consideration and review. In addition, members of our management periodically present to the Board the strategies, issues, and plans for the areas of our business for which they are responsible. While the Board oversees risk management, our management is responsible for day-to-day risk management processes. Additionally, the Board requires that management raise exceptional issues to the Board. We believe this division of responsibilities is the most effective approach for addressing the risks we face and that the Board leadership structure supports this approach.

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the “Code”) that applies to all of our employees (including executive officers) and directors. The Code is available on our website at www.abeonatherapeutics.com under the heading “Investors & Media—Corporate Governance—Governance Documents.” We intend to satisfy any disclosure requirements under applicable SEC or Nasdaq rules regarding any waiver of a provision of the Code applicable to any executive officer or director, by posting such information on such website. We shall provide to any person without charge, upon request, a copy of the Code. Any such request must be made in writing to Abeona Therapeutics Inc., c/o Investor Relations, 6555 Carnegie Ave., 4th Floor, Cleveland, OH 44103.

Under our insider trading policy, directors, executive officers and employees generally may not engage in short-term, speculative trading in Company stock, such as entering into short sales, buying, selling or writing puts or calls, or engaging in hedging or other derivative transactions; hold Company stock in a margin account; or pledge Company stock as collateral for a loan.

Officers and Directors

Our current directors and executive officers are as follows:

Name	Age	Title	Term of Office
Michael Amoroso	48	Chairman of the Board	Since March 2021
Leila Alland, M.D.	63	Director	Since April 2021
Mark J. Alvino	58	Director	Since March 2021
Faith L. Charles	64	Director	Since March 2021
Eric Crombez, M.D.	53	Director	Since August 2024
Keith A. Goldan	55	Director	Since April 2026
Christine Silverstein	43	Director	Since March 2020
Donald A. Wuchterl	56	Director	Since April 2021
Bernhardt G. Zeiher, M.D.	62	Director	Since August 2024
Vishwas Seshadri, Ph.D.	50	President, Chief Executive Officer, Director	Since October 2021
Joseph Vazzano	42	Chief Financial Officer	Since March 2022
Brendan O’Malley, Ph.D.	57	Chief Legal Officer	Since September 2021
Madhav Vasanthavada, Ph.D.	47	Chief Commercial Officer	Since January 2026*

* Dr. Vasanthavada joined the Company in June of 2022 and became an executive officer in January 2026.

Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws presently provide that our Board shall consist of three to 15 members, divided into three staggered classes as nearly equal in number as possible. The Board is currently comprised of nine directors. Our directors serve for a term of three years and until the respective election and qualification of their successors. Pursuant to our Bylaws, the Board selects our Chairman of the Board and our executive officers. Each of our executive officers is selected by the Board for a term of one year or until the executive officer’s successor is duly elected and qualified or until such executive officer’s resignation or removal. There is no family relationship among any of our directors or executive officers.

Committees of the Board of Directors

The Board has established an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee, a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, and a Science and Technology Committee. Each of the committees of the Board acts pursuant to a separate written charter adopted by the Board, each of which is available on our website at www.abeonatherapeutics.com under “Investors & Media—Corporate Governance—Governance Documents.”

The Audit Committee is currently comprised of Keith Goldan (Chair), Mark J. Alvino, Bernhardt Zeiher, M.D. and Donald A. Wuchterl. Mr. Goldan became the Chair of the Audit Committee upon joining the Board in April 2026. Prior to that, Mr. Alvino was the Chair of the Audit Committee. The Board has determined that both Mr. Goldan and Mr. Alvino qualify as an “audit committee financial expert,” under applicable SEC rules and regulations. The Audit Committee’s responsibilities and duties are, among other things, to engage the independent auditors, review the audit fees, supervise matters relating to audit functions and review and set internal policies and procedure regarding audits, accounting and other financial controls. The Board has determined that each of Mr. Goldan, Mr. Alvino, Dr. Zeiher and Mr. Wuchterl are independent under applicable SEC and Nasdaq rules and regulations.

The Compensation Committee is currently comprised of Mark J. Alvino (Chair), Leila Alland, M.D. and Faith L. Charles. All committee members are non-employee directors under applicable SEC rules and are independent under applicable SEC and Nasdaq rules and regulations. The Compensation Committee oversees the discharge of the responsibilities of the Board relating to compensation of the Company’s executive officers.

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is currently comprised of Faith L. Charles (Chair), Michael Amoroso and Donald A. Wuchterl. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for, among other things, considering potential Board members, making recommendations to the full Board as to nominees for election to the Board, assessing the effectiveness of the Board and implementing our corporate governance guidelines. All Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee members also are independent under applicable SEC and Nasdaq rules and regulations.

The Science and Technology Committee is currently comprised of Leila Alland, M.D. (Chair), Eric Crombez, M.D. and Bernhardt G. Zeiher, M.D. The Science and Technology Committee was formed to, among other things, advise the Board regarding the Company’s strategic direction in research and development, and the Company’s scientific initiatives, including business development activities.

Meetings Attendance

The Board held six meetings during the 2025 fiscal year. None of the directors attended less than 75% of the Board meetings and meetings of committees of which he or she was a member that were held during the period of his or her service as a director in 2025.

The Audit Committee held four meetings during the 2025 fiscal year, and all members were present at each meeting. The Compensation Committee held two meetings during the 2025 fiscal year, and all members were present. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee held one meeting during the 2025 fiscal year, and all members were present. The Science and Technology Committee held three meetings during the 2025 fiscal year, and all members were present. Eight of the directors then currently serving as director attended the 2025 annual meeting of stockholders. Although we currently do not require directors to attend annual stockholder meetings, we do encourage directors to do so and welcome their attendance.

Director and Executive Compensation Governance Principles

The Company has adopted certain governance principles related to director and executive compensation as follows:

	●	On an annual basis, the Compensation Committee selects and retains an independent compensation consultant to compare the Company’s executive compensation levels, policies, practices and procedures to a set of peer companies selected by the Compensation Committee with input from the independent consultant. The independent consultant prepares and submits to the Compensation Committee a report summarizing this comparative study and its recommendations relating to executive compensation. The Company’s executive officers play no substantive role in the selection or dismissal of the independent consultant.

	●	On an annual basis, qualified experts in the field present recent developments and best practices concerning executive compensation to the Compensation Committee.

	●	On an annual basis, the proposed compensation package for non-employee directors must be recommended by the Compensation Committee to the Board following the receipt of a report from an independent consultant analyzing the non-employee director compensation package of the Company’s peer companies.

Outside Compensation Consultant

For 2025, the Compensation Committee engaged Radford, a unit of Aon plc (“Radford”), as an independent compensation consultant to provide certain services related to executive and non-employee director compensation. Radford assisted with the Compensation Committee’s review of the Company’s annual salary, bonus and equity compensation plans for executive officers and annual cash and equity compensation for non-employee directors. Radford does not provide any other services to the Company unless approved by the Compensation Committee, and no such services were provided in 2025. After considering the relevant factors, the Company determined that no conflicts of interest have been raised in connection with the services Radford performed for the Compensation Committee in 2025.

AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORT

In fulfilling its oversight responsibility, the Audit Committee reviewed and discussed our audited 2025 year-end financial statements with management and with Deloitte & Touche LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025. The Audit Committee discussed with the independent registered public accounting firm the matters required to be discussed by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) Auditing Standard No. 61, Communications with Audit Committees. In addition, the Audit Committee received from the independent registered public accounting firm written disclosures and the letter required by the applicable standards of the PCAOB. The Audit Committee also discussed with the independent registered public accounting firm the auditors’ independence from management and the Company, including a review of audit and non-audit fees and the matters covered by the written disclosures and letter provided by the independent registered public accounting firm.

The Audit Committee discussed with Deloitte & Touche LLP the overall scope and plans for the audit. The Audit Committee met with Deloitte & Touche LLP to discuss the results of their audit and reviews, their evaluations of the Company and its personnel, our internal controls and the overall quality of our financial reporting.

Based on the reviews and discussions referred to above, the Audit Committee reviewed and recommended to the Board that our audited 2025 year-end financial statements be included in our Annual Report, for filing with the SEC.

The foregoing Audit Committee Report shall not be deemed to be “soliciting material” or “filed” or incorporated by reference in future filings with the SEC, or subject to the liabilities of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, except to the extent the Company specifically incorporates it by reference into such future filings.

AUDIT COMMITTEE

Mark J. Alvino, Chairman

Bernhardt Zeiher, M.D.

Donald A. Wuchterl

COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS

Compensation for Board Service in 2025. Each director who is not also an Abeona employee is entitled to receive an annual board fee, an annual chairman of a committee fee for their service as committee chair for which they chair, and an annual committee fee for their service on each Board committee. These fees are paid in cash quarterly. In addition, we reimburse each director, whether an employee or not, for the expense of attending Board and committee meetings. Additional fees paid for service as a chairperson of a Board committee include the following: Chairman of the Board receives an additional $35,000 per year; Chairman of the Audit Committee receives an additional $20,000 per year; and each Chairman of the Compensation, Nominating and Corporate Governance, and Science and Technology Committees receive an additional $15,000 per year. During 2025, the annual board fee was $50,000 and the annual committee fee was $7,500 per committee served.

In addition, incumbent non-employee directors were each granted an equity award valued at $200,000 for service on the Board in 2025 consisting of restricted stock. These equity awards vest one year after the date of grant.

Director Compensation Table – 2025

The table below represents the compensation paid to each of our directors who served on the Board during the year ended December 31, 2025, other than Dr. Seshadri, whose compensation as our President and Chief Executive Officer is set forth under “Executive Compensation — Summary Compensation Table” below:

Name	Fees Earned or Paid in Cash ($)(1)		Stock Awards ($) (3)			All Other Compensation ($)		Total ($)
Leila Alland, M.D.		90,000		200,000	(2)		-		290,000
Mark J. Alvino		85,000		200,000	(2)		-		285,000
Michael Amoroso		85,000		200,000	(2)		-		285,000
Faith L. Charles		72,500		200,000	(2)		-		272,500
Eric Crombez, M.D.		57,500		200,000	(2)		-		257,500
Christine Silverstein		50,000		200,000	(2)		-		250,000
Donald A. Wuchterl		67,500		200,000	(2)		-		267,500
Bernhardt G. Zeiher, M.D.		57,500		200,000	(2)		-		257,500

(1)	Amounts shown reflect the annual board fee and annual committee fee(s) earned in 2025.

(2)	Represents the aggregate grant date fair value of 36,101 shares of the Company’s common stock on January 31, 2025, the date the restricted stock awards were granted ($5.54 per share) as reported on Nasdaq’ computed in accordance with ASC 718. Our assumptions in determining fair value are described in Note 12 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of the Annual Report. Amounts shown do not reflect the compensation actually received by the directors.

(3)	The aggregate number of stock awards outstanding for each continuing director as of December 31, 2025 is 36,101.

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions

On occasion we may engage in certain related party transactions. Pursuant to our Audit Committee charter, all related party transactions must be reviewed and approved by the Audit Committee. There were no related party transactions in 2025.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

The following table sets forth information about shares of Common Stock outstanding and available for issuance under our existing equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2025.

Plan Category	Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights(1)		Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights		Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a))
	(a)		(b)		(c)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders:
2023 Equity Incentive Plan		—		—		3,298,589
2015 Equity Incentive Plan⁽²⁾		176,019	$	38.72		—
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders ⁽³⁾		—		—		214,284
Total		176,019	$	38.72		3,512,873

(1)

A total of 3,334,065and 617,197 unvested restricted shares under the A&R 2023 Plan and 2023 Employment Inducement Equity Incentive Plan, respectively, were excluded from column (a) as those shares are considered issued at the time of grant. Unvested restricted shares were also excluded from column (c) as they are no longer available for future issuance.

(2)	No further grants may be made under the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan.

(3)

On September 28, 2023, the Company adopted the 2023 Employment Inducement Equity Incentive Plan to provide the Company with an ability to grant equity incentive compensation as a material inducement for certain individuals to commence employment with the Company within the meaning of Nasdaq Stock Market Rule 5635(c)(4) and, subject to the adjustment provisions of the 2023 Employment Inducement Equity Incentive Plan, reserved 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock for issuance pursuant to equity awards granted under the 2023 Employment Inducement Equity Incentive Plan.

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT

The Company has determined beneficial ownership of our Common Stock as of April 15, 2026, in accordance with the rules of the SEC. These rules generally attribute beneficial ownership of securities to persons who possess sole or shared voting power or investment power with respect to those securities. In addition, these rules require that the Company include shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to the vesting of restricted stock units and the exercise of stock options and warrants that are either immediately exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of April 15, 2026. These shares are deemed to be outstanding and beneficially owned by the person holding those options or warrants for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of that person, but they are not treated as outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. Unless otherwise indicated, the persons or entities identified in this table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares shown as beneficially owned by them, subject to applicable community property laws.

Name and Address of Beneficial Owner	Amount and Nature of Beneficial Ownership of Common Stock(2)		Percent of Common Stock(3)
Directors, Director Nominees, and Named Executive Officers⁽¹⁾:
Leila Alland, M.D.⁽⁴⁾		177,541		*
Mark J. Alvino⁽⁵⁾		87,992		*
Michael Amoroso⁽⁶⁾		267,779		*
Faith L. Charles⁽⁷⁾		180,334		*
Eric Crombez, M.D.		63,456		*
Christine Silverstein⁽⁸⁾		158,237		*
Keith A. Goldan		32,751		*
Donald A. Wuchterl⁽⁹⁾		171,862		*
Bernhardt G. Zeiher, M.D.		84,458		*
Vishwas Seshadri⁽¹⁰⁾		1,458,423		2.6	%
Brendan O’Malley⁽¹¹⁾		470,214		*
Joseph Vazzano		567,775		1.0	%
All directors, director nominees, and executive officers as a group (consisting of 13 persons)		4,041,791		7.1	%
5% Beneficial Owners:
Nantahala Capital Management, LLC⁽¹²⁾		5,184,662		9.1	%
Daniel Kaufman⁽¹³⁾		2,943,629		5.2	%
Funicular Funds⁽¹⁴⁾		3,007,329		5.3	%

*	Less than 1%

(1)	The address for each director, director nominee, and named executive officer is: Abeona Therapeutics Inc., 6555 Carnegie Avenue, 4th Floor Cleveland, OH 44103.

(2)	Includes outstanding shares of Common Stock held plus all shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of options, warrants and other rights exercisable within 60 days after April 15, 2026.

(3)	Based upon 56,882,523 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding as of April 15, 2026.

(4)	Dr. Alland is known to beneficially own an aggregate of 173,614 shares of our Common Stock and presently exercisable options for the purchase of 3,927 shares pursuant to the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan.

(5)	Mr. Alvino is known to beneficially own an aggregate of 84,065 shares of our Common Stock and presently exercisable options for the purchase of 3,927 shares pursuant to the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan.

(6)	Mr. Amoroso is known to beneficially own an aggregate of 217,779 shares of our Common Stock and presently exercisable options for the purchase of 50,000 shares of our Common Stock pursuant to the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan.

(7)	Ms. Charles is known to beneficially own an aggregate of 176,407 shares of our Common Stock and presently exercisable options for the purchase of 3,927 shares of our Common Stock pursuant to the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan.

(8)	Ms. Silverstein is known to beneficially own an aggregate of 137,722 shares of our Common Stock and presently exercisable options for the purchase of 20,515 shares of our Common Stock pursuant to the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan.

(9)	Mr. Wuchterl is known to beneficially own an aggregate of 167,935 shares of our Common Stock and presently exercisable options for the purchase of 3,927 shares of our Common Stock pursuant to the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan.
(10)	Dr. Seshadri is known to beneficially own an aggregate of 1,430,423 shares of our Common Stock and presently exercisable options for the purchase of 28,000 shares of our Common Stock pursuant to the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan.

(11)	Dr. O’Malley is known to beneficially own an aggregate of 451,134 shares of our Common Stock and presently exercisable options for the purchase of 19,080 shares of our Common Stock pursuant to the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan.

(12)	According to information set forth in a Schedule 13G/A filed with the SEC on October 6, 2025 by Nantahala Capital Management, LLC (“Nantahala”), Wilmot B. Harkey and Daniel Mack. Nantahala may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of 5,184,662 shares of our Common Stock held by funds and separately managed accounts under its control, and as the managing members of Nantahala, each of Wilmot B. Harkey and Daniel Mack may be deemed to be a beneficial owner of those shares of our Common Stock. The 5,184,662 shares of our Common Stock includes 619,997 shares of our Common Stock that may be acquired by Nantahala within 60 days through the exercise of warrants. Nantahala Capital Management, LLC’s address is 130 Main St. 2nd Floor, New Canaan, CT 06840.

(13)	According to information set forth on a Schedule 13G filed by Daniel Kaufman with the SEC on March 27, 2026, Mr. Kaufman has sole voting power and sole dispositive power over 2,943,629 shares. The address of Mr. Kaufman is 2158 Park Boulevard, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 00913.

(14)	According to information set forth on a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on April 6, 2026, Funicular Funds, LP, Cable Car Capital, LP, and Ma-Weaver Jacob each have sole voting power and sole dispositive power over 3,007,329 shares. According to the Schedule 13G, Cable Car Capital, LP is the General Partner of Funicular Funds, LP, and Jacob Ma-Weaver is the Managing Member of Cable Car Capital, LP. The address for each of Funicular Funds, LP, Cable Car Capital, LP, and Ma-Weaver Jacob is 601 California Street, Suite 1151, San Francisco, CA 94108.

To our knowledge, except as noted above, no person or entity is the beneficial owner of more than 5% of the voting power of the Company’s Common Stock.

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The following table sets forth the aggregate compensation paid to: (i) our principal executive officer at the end of fiscal year 2025, Vishwas Seshadri, and (ii) our only other executive officers other than our principal executive officer who were serving as an executive officer at the end of fiscal year 2025, Joseph Vazzano and Brendan O’Malley.

Summary Compensation Table

										Non-Equity		All
Name and						Option		Stock		Incentive Plan		Other
Principal		Salary		Bonus		Awards		Awards		Compensation		Compensation		Total
Position	Year	($)		($)(1)		($)		($)(2)		($)(3)		($)(4)		($)
Vishwas Seshadri President and Chief Executive Officer	2025		662,000		533,333		-		2,472,698		309,485		14,000		3,991,516
	2024		615,375		533,333		-		2,035,200		309,000		13,800		3,506,708
Joseph Vazzano Chief Financial Officer	2025		475,903		235,333		-		836,400		173,229		14,000		1,734,865
	2024		456,867		235,333		-		744,960		183,039		13,800		1,633,999
Brendan O’Malley Chief Legal Officer	2025		456,435		150,000		-		600,000		163,491		14,000		1,383,926
	2024		438,177		150,000		-		492,907		175,552		13,800		1,270,436

(1)	Reflects cash retention bonuses paid on June 23, 2024 and June 23, 2025. These retention bonuses were to make up for the shortfall in equity that was granted in 2022 as compared to the recommended market amount to be granted.

(2)

Reflects aggregate grant date fair value for the fiscal years presented, computed in accordance with ASC 718, in respect of restricted stock awards. Our assumptions in determining fair value are described in Note 12 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of the Annual Report. Amounts shown do not reflect the compensation actually received by the named executive officers.

(3)	Amounts shown reflect target-based cash incentive bonuses earned with respect to the fiscal years presented.

(4)	Represents employer matching contributions to the Company’s 401(k) Defined Contribution Plan.

Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End

The following table summarizes the aggregate number of option and stock awards held by our named executive officers (“NEOs”) as of December 31, 2025.

		Option Awards								Stock Awards
		Number of		Number of						Number of			Market Value
		Securities		Securities						Shares or			of Shares or
		Underlying		Underlying						Units			Units of
		Unexercised		Unexercised		Option				of Stock			Stock
		Options		Options		Exercise		Option		That Have			That Have
	Grant	(#)		(#)		Price		Expiration		Not Vested			Not Vested
Name	Date	Exercisable		Unexercisable		($)		Date		(#)			($)⁽¹⁾
	1/21/2025		-		-	$	-		-		476,435	(2)	$	2,510,812
	7/8/2024		-		-	$	-		-		282,667	(2)	$	1,489,653
Vishwas Seshadri	6/5/2023		-		-	$	-		-		112,276	(2)	$	591,695
	9/28/2022		-		-	$	-		-		38,800	(2)	$	204,476
	10/15/2021		12,000		-	$	22.75		10/15/2031		-		$	-
	6/1/2021		16,000		-	$	42.75		6/1/2031		-		$	-
	6/5/2025		-		-	$	-		-		13,333	(3)	$	70,265
	1/21/2025		-		-	$	-		-		144,509	(3)	$	761,562
	7/8/2024		-		-	$	-		-		103,467	(3)	$	545,269
Joseph Vazzano	6/5/2023		-		-	$	-		-		47,303	(3)	$	249,285
	9/28/2022		-		-	$	-		-		18,186	(3)	$	95,840
	7/21/2022		-		-	$	-		-		3,000	(3)	$	15,810
	3/14/2022		-		-	$	-		-		2,000	(3)	$	10,540
	1/21/2025		-		-	$	-		-		115,607	(4)	$	609,249
	7/8/2024		-		-	$	-		-		68,460	(4)	$	360,784
	6/5/2023		-		-	$	-		-		30,301	(4)	$	159,685
	9/28/2022		-		-	$	-		-		18,186	(4)	$	95,840
Brendan O’Malley	9/20/2021		10,880		-	$	30.25		9/20/2031		-		$	-
	3/1/2021		4,000		-	$	58.50		3/1/2031		-		$	-
	5/20/2020		723		-	$	28.75		3/16/2030		-		$	-
	3/16/2020		1,277		-	$	28.75		3/16/2030		-		$	-
	5/31/2019		2,200		-	$	28.75		5/31/2029		-		$	-

(1)	Calculated based on our closing share price on December 31, 2025 of $5.27.

(2)	Dr. Seshadri’s restricted stock will vest in the following periods: 155,200 shares granted on September 28, 2022 will be fully vested in September 2026; 336,826 shares granted on June 5, 2023 will be fully vested in June 2026; 424,000 shares granted on July 8, 2024 will be fully vested in July 2027; and 476,435 shares granted on January 21, 2025 will be fully vested in January 2028.

(3)	Mr. Vazzano’s restricted stock will vest in the following periods: 8,000 shares granted on March 14, 2022 will be fully vested in March 2026; 12,000 shares granted on July 21, 2022 will be fully vested in July 2026; 72,750 shares granted on September 28, 2022 will be fully vested in September 2026; 141,908 shares granted on June 5, 2023 will be fully vested in June 2026; 155,200 shares granted on July 8, 2024 will be fully vested in July 2027; 144,509 shares granted on January 21, 2025 will be fully vested in January 2028; and 13,333 shares will be fully vested in July 2028.

(4)	Dr. O’Malley’s restricted stock will vest in the following periods: 72,750 shares granted on September 28, 2022 will be fully vested in September 2026; 90,902 shares granted on June 5, 2023 will be fully vested in June 2026; 102,689 shares granted on July 8, 2024 will be fully vested in July 2027; and 115,607 shares granted on January 21, 2025 will be fully vested in January 2028.

Equity Award Grant Practices

The Compensation Committee is generally responsible for approving grants of stock options and other stock and stock-based awards, except to the extent that the terms of the applicable equity plan require administration by the full Board or, to the extent permitted by and consistent with applicable law and the provisions of the applicable equity plan, to the extent the Compensation Committee has delegated to the Chief Executive Officer the power to approve the grant of stock options or other stock or stock-based awards to employees of the Company or any subsidiary of the Company who are not officers or directors of the Company. We generally aim to avoid granting equity awards including stock options (or similar awards), in anticipation of the release of material non-public information that is likely to result in changes to the price of our Common Stock, and we do not time the release of material non-public information based on stock option or other equity award grant dates. We do not currently grant stock options, stock appreciation rights, or similar option-like instruments as part of our equity compensation program. Accordingly, during the last completed fiscal year, we did not grant any stock options (or similar awards) to our NEOs during any period beginning four business days before the filing of any Company periodic report on Form 10-Q or Form 10-K, or the filing or furnishing of any Company current report on Form 8-K that disclosed material nonpublic information (other than a Company current report on Form 8-K disclosing a material new option award grant under Item 5.02(e) of that form), and ending one business day after the filing or furnishing of such reports. If stock options, stock appreciation rights, or similar option-like instruments were to be granted in the future, the Company would generally aim to avoid granting such options, stock appreciation rights, or similar option-like instruments in anticipation of the release of material nonpublic information that is likely to result in changes to the price of our Common Stock.

Compensation Pursuant to Agreements and Plans

Employment Agreements

President and Chief Executive Officer

On October 15, 2021, Dr. Seshadri was appointed President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director. In his new role as President and Chief Executive Officer, Dr. Seshadri was initially entitled to receive an annual base salary of $500,000 (which has been subsequently increased) and is eligible for an annual discretionary bonus with a target of 50% of his annual base salary. In connection with his appointment to President and Chief Executive Officer, Dr. Seshadri was granted 2,000 shares of restricted stock and options to purchase 12,000 shares of Common Stock. The options vest 25% on the one-year anniversary of the grant date and the remaining 75% vest in 36 equal monthly installments thereafter. The restricted stock will vest 25% on the one-year anniversary of the grant date and the remaining 75% vest in equal annual installments over the following 36 months. Dr. Seshadri is eligible to participate in all employee benefit plans that the Company may establish for similarly situated employees, if and to the extent he is eligible pursuant to the terms of such plans and Company policies, which may be modified by the Company at its discretion.

Under the terms of his employment agreement dated October 6, 2021, Dr. Seshadri and the Company may each terminate Dr. Seshadri’s employment for any reason upon written notice to the other party. If Dr. Seshadri’s employment is terminated by the Company other than for Cause, or by Dr. Seshadri for Good Reason (as each term is defined in his employment agreement), Dr. Seshadri will be entitled to (i) a payment equal to the sum of his base salary plus his target annual bonus opportunity, (ii) payment equal to the cost of the premium for his health coverage under the Company’s health plan for him and his dependents for the 12-month period following his termination date, (iii) a pro-rata bonus for the year of termination and (iv) accelerated vesting equivalent to 12 months of continued employment from the Termination Date (disregarding such termination for such purpose) with respect to all unvested equity and any other long-term incentive awards granted to Dr. Seshadri and then outstanding on the Termination Date. The Company’s obligations in the preceding sentence are conditioned upon, among other things, Dr. Seshadri’s execution and nonrevocation of a release of claims in favor of the Company and its affiliates.

If Dr. Seshadri remains continuously employed through the date of a Change in Control (as that term is defined in his employment agreement), all outstanding equity compensation awards will become fully vested and exercisable immediately.

Chief Financial Officer

Pursuant to his employment agreement dated February 28, 2022, upon achievement of certain corporate actions effective July 2, 2022, Mr. Vazzano’s annual base salary was increased to $400,000 (which has been subsequently increased), and he was granted 12,000 restricted shares of Common Stock pursuant to the Company’s 2015 Equity Incentive Plan, with 25% vesting on each of July 21, 2023, July 21, 2024, July 21, 2025 and July 21, 2026.

Under the terms of his employment agreement, Mr. Vazzano and the Company may each terminate Mr. Vazzano’s employment for any reason upon written notice to the other party. If Mr. Vazzano’s employment is terminated by the Company other than for Cause, or by Mr. Vazzano for Good Reason (as each term is defined in his employment agreement) within 12 months following a Change of Control, Mr. Vazzano will be entitled to (i) a payment equal to the sum of 12 months of his annual base salary plus 12 months of his annual target annual bonus opportunity and (ii) payment equal to the cost of the premium for his health coverage under the Company’s health plan for him and his dependents for the 12-month period following his termination date. The Company’s obligations in the preceding sentence are conditioned upon, among other things, Mr. Vazzano’s execution and nonrevocation of a release of claims in favor of the Company and its affiliates.

If Mr. Vazzano remains continuously employed through the date of a Change in Control (as that term is defined in his employment agreement), all outstanding equity compensation awards will become fully vested and exercisable immediately.

Chief Legal Officer

Dr. O’Malley joined Abeona in 2019 as Chief IP Counsel. He was entitled to an annual base salary of $321,000, effective January 1, 2021 (which has been subsequently increased) and a target annual bonus opportunity equal to 35% of his base salary (which has been subsequently increased). On September 20, 2021, Dr. O’Malley was appointed SVP, General Counsel. The amount of the annual bonus actually paid depended on the extent to which the performance goals are achieved or exceeded as determined by the Board. Dr. O’Malley is eligible to participate in all employee benefit plans that the Company may establish for similarly situated employees, if and to the extent he is eligible pursuant to the terms of such plans and Company policies, which may be modified by the Company at its discretion. Dr. O’Malley’s job title was changed to Chief Legal Officer effective January 1, 2025

Under the terms of his employment agreement dated September 16, 2021, Dr. O’Malley and the Company may each terminate Dr. O’Malley’s employment for any reason upon written notice to the other party. If Dr. O’Malley’s employment is terminated by the Company other than for Cause, or by Dr. O’Malley for Good Reason (as each term is defined in his employment agreement) within 12-months following a Change of Control, Dr. O’Malley will be entitled to (i) a payment equal to the sum of 12 months of his annual base salary plus 12 months of his annual target annual bonus opportunity and (ii) payment equal to the cost of the premium for his health coverage under the Company’s health plan for him and his dependents for the 12-month period following his termination date. The Company’s obligations in the preceding sentence are conditioned upon, among other things, Dr. O’Malley’s execution and nonrevocation of a release of claims in favor of the Company and its affiliates.

If Dr. O’Malley remains continuously employed through the date of a Change in Control (as that term is defined in his employment agreement), all outstanding equity compensation awards will become fully vested and exercisable immediately.

Retirement Benefits

The Company’s executives are provided usual and customary retirement benefits available to all employees. These include a 401(k) plan, life insurance, accidental death and dismemberment insurance, medical and dental insurance, vision insurance, long-term disability insurance and a Company-sponsored pension plan. We provide matching contributions under our 401(k) plan to all employees, including the NEOs.

Compensation Committee Discussion on Executive Compensation

The Compensation Committee operates under a written charter adopted by the Board and is responsible for making all compensation decisions for the Company’s directors and named executive officers, including determining base salary and annual incentive compensation amounts and recommending stock option grants and other stock-based compensation under our equity incentive plans. The Compensation Committee charter can be found on our website at www.abeonatherapeutics.com under “Investors & Media—Corporate Governance—Governance Documents.”

PAY VERSUS PERFORMANCE

In accordance with rules adopted by the SEC pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, we are providing the following disclosure, as it applies to smaller reporting companies, regarding executive “Compensation Actually Paid” (“CAP”), as calculated under applicable SEC rules, for our principal executive officer (“PEO”) and our other named executive officers (“non-PEO NEOs”) and certain financial performance measures for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.

In determining the CAP to our PEO and the CAP to our non-PEO NEOs, we are required to make various adjustments to the total compensation amounts that have been reported in the Summary Compensation Table (“SCT”), as the SEC’s valuation methods for this section differ from those required in the SCT. Information regarding the methodology for calculating CAP to our PEO and the CAP to our non-PEO NEOs, including details regarding the amounts that were deducted from, and added to, the SCT totals to arrive at the values presented for CAP, are provided in the footnotes to the table. Note that for non-PEO NEOs, compensation is reported as an average.

The Company is a smaller reporting company and is not required to disclose the total shareholder return for our peer group or to disclose the company-selected measure or the tabular list of our most important financial performance measures.

Pay Versus Performance

Year	Summary Compensation Table Total for PEO		Compensation Actually Paid to PEO (1)		Average Summary Compensation Table Total for Non-PEO NEOs		Average Compensation Actually Paid to Non-PEO NEOs (1)		Total Shareholder Return		Net Income / (Loss) (in thousands)
2025	$	3,991,516	$	4,036,175	$	1,559,395	$	1,563,969	$	171.10	$	71,183
2024	$	3,506,708	$	3,988,235	$	1,452,218	$	1,622,252	$	180.84	$	(63,734	)
2023	$	2,847,442	$	3,458,338	$	1,331,015	$	1,588,304	$	162.66	$	(54,188	)

(1)

Deductions from, and additions to, total compensation as reported in the SCT by year to calculate CAP include:

Reconciliation of Summary Compensation Table Total to Compensation Actually Paid for PEO

Year	2025
Summary Compensation Table Total	$	3,991,516
(Minus): Grant Date Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted in Fiscal Year	$	(2,472,698	)
Plus: Fair Value at Fiscal Year End of Outstanding and Unvested Equity Awards Granted in the Fiscal Year	$	2,510,812
Plus/(Minus): Change in Fair Value of Outstanding and Unvested Equity Awards Granted in Prior Fiscal Years	$	(130,123	)
Plus/(Minus): Change in Fair Value as of the Vesting Date of Equity Awards Granted in Prior Fiscal Years that Vested in the Fiscal Year	$	136,668
(Minus): Fair Value as of the Prior Fiscal Year End of Equity Awards Granted in Prior Fiscal Years that Failed to Meet Vesting Conditions in the Fiscal Year	$	0
Compensation Actually Paid	$	4,036,175

Reconciliation of Summary Compensation Table Total to Compensation Actually Paid for Non-PEO NEOs

Year	2025
Summary Compensation Table Total	$	1,559,395
(Minus): Grant Date Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted in Fiscal Year	$	(718,200	)
Plus: Fair Value at Fiscal Year End of Outstanding and Unvested Equity Awards Granted in the Fiscal Year	$	720,538
Plus/(Minus): Change in Fair Value of Outstanding and Unvested Equity Awards Granted in Prior Fiscal Years	$	(43,635)
Plus/(Minus): Change in Fair Value as of the Vesting Date of Equity Awards Granted in Prior Fiscal Years that Vested in the Fiscal Year	$	45,871
(Minus): Fair Value as of the Prior Fiscal Year End of Equity Awards Granted in Prior Fiscal Years that Failed to Meet Vesting Conditions in the Fiscal Year	$	0
Compensation Actually Paid	$	1,563,969

Description of Relationship Between PEOs and Non-PEO NEO Compensation Actually Paid and Company Total Shareholder Return (“TSR”)

The following chart sets forth the relationship between the average Compensation Actually Paid to our PEOs, the average of Compensation Actually Paid to our Non-PEO NEOs, and the Company’s cumulative TSR over the three most recently completed fiscal years.

Description of Relationship Between PEOs and Non-PEO NEO Compensation Actually Paid and Net Income

The following chart sets forth the relationship between the average Compensation Actually Paid to our PEOs, the average of Compensation Actually Paid to our Non-PEO NEOs, and our Net Income during the three most recently completed fiscal years.

PROPOSALS TO BE VOTED UPON

PROPOSAL 1

ELECTION OF DIRECTORS

Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws presently provide that our Board shall consist of between three to 15 members, shall be divided into three classes as nearly equal in number as possible, and that each director shall serve for a term of three years and until his/her successor is elected and qualified or until his/her earlier resignation, death or removal. By resolution, the Board has set the number of its directors at 10 directors. The term of office of one class of directors expires each year in rotation so that one class is elected at each annual meeting of stockholders for a three-year term. The Board presently consists of 10 members.

Mr. Amoroso, Mr. Goldan, Dr. Zeiher, and Ms. Silverstein are Class 1 directors with their terms set to expire at the Annual Meeting. Mr. Amoroso, Mr. Goldan, and Dr. Zeiher will stand for reelection as Class 1 directors at the Annual Meeting, at which time Ms. Silverstein’s term as director will expire and the size of the Board will be reduced to nine members. The Company thanks Ms. Silverstein for her many years of service to the Company.

Drs. Alland, Crombez, and Seshadri are Class 2 directors with their terms set to expire at the annual meeting of stockholders in 2027.

Mr. Alvino, Ms. Charles, and Mr. Wuchterl are Class 3 directors with their terms set to expire at the annual meeting of stockholders in 2028.

Nominees for Term Expiring at the Annual Meeting (Class 1 Directors)

Mr. Amoroso, Mr. Goldan, and Dr. Zeiher are Class 1 directors standing for election to the Board for a three-year term expiring at the 2028 annual meeting of stockholders. Mr. Amoroso, Mr. Goldan, and Dr. Zeiher have each served as a director since March 2021, April 2026, and August 2024, respectively. Mr. Amoroso’s, Mr. Goldan’s, and Dr. Zeiher’s terms will expire at the Annual Meeting. If elected at the Annual Meeting, they will each serve for a term of three years expiring on the date of the annual meeting of stockholders in 2029. Mr. Amoroso, Mr. Goldan, and Dr. Zeiher exemplify how our Board values professional experience in business and the pharmaceutical industry, as well as strong moral character. They each bring significant drug development expertise to the Board. It is this strong and unique background and sets of skills that our Board believes provide it, as a whole, with a strong foundation of technical expertise.

There is no family relationship among any of the directors or officers. The nominees have each consented to serve as a director and the Board has no reason to believe that they will be unavailable for such service.

Business and Experience of the Nominee for Director

Michael Amoroso, 48, has been Chairman of the Board since October 15, 2021 and has been a director since March 19, 2021. Since October 2021, Mr. Amoroso has served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Precision BioSciences, Inc. (Nasdaq: DTIL), a clinical stage biotechnology company dedicated to improving life with its novel and proprietary ARCUS genome editing platform. Prior to that, Mr. Amoroso served as our President and Chief Executive Officer from March 2021 to October 2021. Mr. Amoroso joined Abeona in July 2020 as Chief Commercial Officer and was promoted to Chief Operating Officer on November 2020. From August 2018 to January 2020, Mr. Amoroso served as Senior Vice President and Head of Worldwide Commercial Operations for Cell Therapy at Kite Pharma, a biotechnology company and subsidiary of Gilead Sciences, Inc., where he led all operations and functions charged with bringing the first wide-spread CAR T-cell therapy, YESCARTA®, to major world markets while also preparing the organization for its future cell therapy pipeline. Prior to his time at Kite, Mr. Amoroso served in senior level executive positions at Eisai Inc. from October 2017 to August 2018 and Celgene Corporation from 2011 to 2017. Mr. Amoroso has worked with companies in the small molecule, biologics, and cell and gene therapies space across large, medium, and small capitalization companies with his deepest areas of expertise in rare, oncological diseases. Mr. Amoroso earned his Executive M.B.A. in Management from the Stern School of Business, New York University, and his B.A. in Biological Sciences, summa cum laude, from Rider University. Mr. Amoroso’s qualifications to serve on our Board include his extensive experience in leading teams, both directly and indirectly, across clinical development, regulatory and medical affairs, corporate affairs, and commercial affairs, both in the U.S. and globally, with direct operational experience in various pharmaceutical companies.

Keith A. Goldan, 55, became a director and Chair of the Board’s Audit Committee in April 2026. Since June 2022, Mr. Goldan has served as Chief Financial Officer of Syndax Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Nasdaq: SNDX), a commercial-stage biopharmaceutical company advancing innovative cancer therapies. At Syndax, Mr. Goldan has provided leadership through their first two product approvals and commercialization. Prior to joining Syndax, Mr. Goldan served as Chief Financial Officer of Optinose, Inc., a publicly traded specialty pharmaceutical company, since January 2017, where he helped build the infrastructure to support the launch of its lead product in the United States. Prior to Optinose, he served as Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President of Fibrocell Science, Inc., a publicly traded cell and gene therapy company. Mr. Goldan’s experience also includes Chief Financial Officer roles at NuPathe, PuriCore plc and Biosyn as well as financial roles at ViroPharma and KPMG. In these positions, Mr. Goldan led finance, accounting, IT, HR and corporate development teams and successfully raised capital through multiple IPOs, capital markets transactions and financing vehicles. Mr. Goldan received a B.S. in Finance from the Robert H. Smith School of Business at the University of Maryland and an M.B.A. from the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania.

Bernhardt G. Zeiher, M.D., 62, became a director on August 8, 2024. Dr. Zeiher brings more than 20 years of drug development experience where, in his various roles, he oversaw the approval of 15 new treatments that addressed people’s unmet needs in serious diseases with few to no treatment options. Most recently, he served as Chief Medical Officer of Astellas Pharma, where he led early- and late-stage drug development, medical and regulatory affairs, pharmacovigilance, and quality assurance. Dr. Zeiher is a recognized industry leader who spent more than 10 years at Astellas Pharma, holding multiple roles of increasing responsibility in the drug development division, leading up to his role as Chief Medical Officer from 2018 to 2022. Prior to his time at Astellas, Dr. Zeiher held various roles leading drug development at other pharmaceutical companies including Pfizer, Eli Lilly and Company, and Merck. Dr. Zeiher also practiced medicine at a tertiary medical center in Indianapolis and has held a range of board appointments since 2014, including positions at PhRMA Biomedical Advisory Committee, TransCelerate Biopharma, Biotechnology Innovation Organization, and Astellas Global Health Foundation In 2023, he was appointed to the Board of Directors of Entrada Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq: TRDA), where he is a member of the Compensation Committee. In 2024, he was appointed to the Board of Directors of Amylyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Nasdaq: AMLX), where he serves as chair of the Science and Technology Committee and on the Nominating and Governance Committee. Dr. Zeiher received a B.S. in biology from the University of Toledo and an MD from Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine. He completed his internal medicine residency and chief residency at University Hospitals of Cleveland and then finished his physician training as a Pulmonary and Critical Care Fellow at University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics.

Nomination and Election of Directors

When seeking candidates for director, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee may solicit suggestions from incumbent directors, management or others. After conducting an initial evaluation of a candidate, the committee will interview that candidate if it believes the candidate might be suitable to serve as a director. The committee may also ask the candidate to meet with Company management. If the committee believes a candidate would be a valuable addition to the Board and there is either a vacancy on the Board or the committee believes it is in the best interests of the Company and our stockholders to increase the number of Board members to elect that candidate, it will recommend to the full Board that candidate’s election.

Before nominating a sitting director for reelection at an annual stockholder meeting, the committee will consider the director’s performance on the Board and whether the director’s reelection would be in the best interests of the Company’s stockholders and consistent with the Company’s corporate governance guidelines and continued compliance with applicable law, rules and regulations.

The Board believes that it should be comprised of directors with diverse and complementary backgrounds, and that directors should have expertise that, at a minimum, may be useful to the Company and may contribute to the success of the Company’s business. Directors also should possess the highest personal and professional ethics and should be willing and able to devote an amount of time sufficient to effectively carry out their duties and contribute to the success of the Company’s business. When considering candidates for director, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee takes into account a number of factors, including:

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Independence from management;

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Age, gender and ethnic background;

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Relevant business experience;

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Judgment, skill and integrity;

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Existing commitments to other businesses;

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Potential conflicts of interest;

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Corporate governance background;

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Financial and accounting background;

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Executive compensation background; and

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Size and composition of the existing Board.

Pursuant to a Director Designation Agreement dated as of November 15, 2007, for as long as SCO Capital Partners LLC (“SCO Capital”), and its affiliates hold at least 20% of the Company’s Common Stock issued upon conversion of the shares of Series A Stock issued in connection with the Company’s 2007 note exchange, (a) SCO Capital shall have the right, from time to time, to designate two individuals, in the sole discretion of SCO Capital, to serve as directors of the Company (the “SCO Director Designees”), (b) the Company shall use its best efforts at all times to cause the number of directors to be fixed at a sufficient number such that at least two positions shall be available for the SCO Director Designees (the “SCO Board Seats”), (c) the Company shall use its best efforts to cause the SCO Director Designees to be nominated and elected for service as directors of the Company at each meeting of the Company’s stockholders held for the purpose of electing directors and (d) if at any time, or from time to time, one or more of the SCO Board Seats is or becomes vacant for any reason prior to the next annual meeting of stockholders, the Company shall use its best efforts to cause such vacancy to be filled with an SCO Director Designee.

For Proposal 1, each nominee will be elected upon the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast. This means a nominee for director will be elected to the Board if the votes cast “FOR” such nominee’s election exceed the votes cast “AGAINST” such nominee’s election. For Proposal 1, stockholders may vote “FOR,” “AGAINST,” or “ABSTAIN.” Abstentions and broker non-votes, if any, will have no effect on the outcome of the vote for Proposal 1.

The Board recommends that the stockholders vote “FOR” each of the nominees.

Information with Respect to Other Directors

Directors whose terms expire at the Annual Meeting in 2027 (Class 2 Directors)

Leila Alland, M.D., 63, became a director on April 14, 2021 and currently serves as the Chair of the Board’s Science and Technology Committee and a member of the Compensation Committee. Dr. Alland, a pediatric hematologist-oncologist and accomplished physician-scientist, has been working in the biopharmaceutical industry since 2001 to bring novel therapies to patients. Dr. Alland currently serves as a consultant medical advisor to multiple biotechnology companies. Dr. Alland is the Chief Development Advisor at GV20 Therapeutics. From December 2019 to 2023, she served as Chief Medical Officer of PMV Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Nasdaq-listed precision oncology company pioneering the discovery and development of small molecule, tumor-agnostic therapies targeting p53 mutants. From March 2018 to November 2019, Dr. Alland served as Chief Medical Officer of Affimed, a clinical-stage immuno-oncology company, and, from January 2016 to March 2018, Dr. Alland served as Chief Medical Officer of Tarveda Therapeutics, a clinical stage precision oncology company. Dr. Alland also held leadership positions at AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, and Schering-Plough, where she worked on a broad range of oncology products from early to late stage development and contributed to multiple successful drug approvals. Dr. Alland obtained her medical degree from New York University School of Medicine and her B.A. in Biology from the University of Pennsylvania. She completed her residency in Pediatrics at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, and her fellowship in Pediatric Hematology/Oncology at The New York Hospital and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. From 1994 to 2000, Dr. Alland served as Assistant Professor of Pediatrics at Albert Einstein College of Medicine where she was awarded the James S. McDonnell Foundation Scholar Award and pursued basic cancer research while also caring for children with cancer and blood disorders. Previously, Dr. Alland served on the board of directors of Radiopharm Theranostics Ltd. (Nasdaq: RADX). Dr. Alland is a member of the Scientific Advisory Council of Columbia University’s Center for Radiological Research, and serves as a scientific reviewer for the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas. Dr. Alland’s qualifications to serve on our Board include her leadership skills and her vast medical and scientific experience serving companies in the biotech and pharmaceutical field.

Eric Crombez, M.D., 53, became a director on August 8, 2024 and currently serves as Chief Medical Officer and Executive Vice President of Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc. (Nasdaq: RARE). In this role, Dr. Crombez is responsible for strategic leadership of the clinical development and translational research programs and oversees global development functions including Clinical Development, ClinicalOperations, BioMetrics, Endpoint Development and Strategy, Regulatory Affairs and Drug Safety/Pharmacovigilance. Previously, at Dimension Therapeutics, Dr. Crombez served as Chief Medical Officer and led the clinical development efforts for clinical gene therapy programs in hemophilia B, hemophilia A, ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency and glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSDIa). Previously, he worked at Shire in its Human Genetics Therapy business unit. Before joining the industry, he was assistant professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics at the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Dr. Crombez is also currently an independent Board member for Epicrispr Biotechnologies. Dr. Crombez is a board-certified clinical geneticist and completed residencies in pediatrics and medical genetics and a fellowship in clinical biochemical genetics at the UCLA School of Medicine. Dr. Crombez obtained his B.S. degree in biology from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and his M.D. degree from Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit.

Vishwas Seshadri, 50, was appointed our President and Chief Executive Officer and a director on October 15, 2021. Dr. Seshadri joined Abeona on June 1, 2021 as SVP, Head of Research and Clinical Development. Prior to joining Abeona, from October 2010 to May 2021, Dr. Seshadri served in roles of increasing responsibility at Celgene Corporation, now a subsidiary of Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS), focused on development and commercialization of novel therapies in hematology and oncology, most recently as Executive Director and Worldwide Brand Leader for Breyanzi^® (lisocabtagene maraleucel; liso-cel), an autologous CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma. While at Celgene, he led franchise-level marketing and the project management office for CAR T-cell commercialization and led teams supporting the successful global launch of Breyanzi. As Global Project Leader, he led development project teams for clinical development and regulatory submissions for REVLIMID (lenalidomide) in lymphoma, strategic go/no-go decisions for Avadomide and IMFINZI (durvalumab) while implementing program-wide efficiency measures, and managed post-marketing commitments for ISTODAX (romidepsin). In addition, Dr. Seshadri had held U.S. and global marketing lead roles for Abraxane in non-small cell lung cancer and pancreatic cancer. Previously, he was Head of Early-Stage Upstream Process Development for Biologics at Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories, where he led cell-line development, cGMP cell banking, characterization, and cell culture optimization for biosimilars. Dr. Seshadri completed his Ph.D. in Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Biology and his post-doc in epigenetics at University of Arizona, and earned his M.B.A. in Finance and Healthcare from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Seshadri’s qualifications to serve on our Board include his extensive experience across commercialization and drug development, regulatory and medical, corporate and commercial affairs, with direct operational experience in various pharmaceutical companies.

Directors whose terms expire at the Annual Meeting in 2028 (Class 3 Directors)

Mark J. Alvino, 58, became a director on March 26, 2021 and currently serves as Chair of the Compensation Committee and member of the Audit Committee, which he chaired until April 2026. Mr. Alvino had previously served as a member of our Board from March 2006 through April 15, 2020. Mr. Alvino is the founder and current Chairman of CircumferenceDx, a molecular diagnostics company he established in 2025 to focus on urological cancers. He has been President of Hudson Square Capital LLC since October 2014. From 2007 to 2013, Mr. Alvino was Managing Director for Griffin Securities. He previously worked at Feinstein Kean Healthcare (an Ogilvy Public Relations Worldwide Company) where he was Senior Vice President, responsible for managing both investor and corporate communications programs for many private and public companies and acted as senior counsel throughout the agency’s network of offices. Prior to working at Feinstein Kean Healthcare, Mr. Alvino served as Vice President of Investor Relations and managed the New York Office of Allen & Caron, Inc., an investor relations agency. His base of clients included medical devices, biotechnology, and e-healthcare companies. Mr. Alvino also spent several years working with Wall Street brokerages including Ladenburg, Thallman & Co. and Martin Simpson & Co. Mr. Alvino’s qualifications to serve on our Board include his leadership skills and his experience in the areas of financial management and business strategy in the biopharmaceutical field.

Faith L. Charles, 64, became a director on March 26, 2021 and currently serves as Chair of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and as a member of the Compensation Committee. Ms. Charles has been a corporate transactions and securities partner at the law firm of Thompson Hine, LLP, since 2010. She leads Thompson Hine’s Life Sciences practice and co-heads the securities practice, advising public and emerging biotech and pharmaceutical companies in the U.S. and internationally. Ms. Charles negotiates complex private and public financing transactions, mergers and acquisitions, licensing transactions and strategic collaborations. She serves as outside counsel to a myriad of life sciences companies and is known in the industry as an astute business advisor, providing valuable insights into capital markets, corporate governance and strategic development. Since May 2022, she has served on the Board of Directors and a member of the Audit Committee and Compensation Committee of Avenue Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq: ATXI). Ms. Charles has also served on the Board of Directors of CNS Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Nasdaq: CNSP) since December 2023, including as Chair of the board. Between September 2023 and April 2025, Ms. Charles served on the Board of Directors of Conduit Pharmaceuticals Limited (now CDT Equity Inc. (Nasdaq: CDT)), including as chair of the Compensation Committee and a member of the Nominating Governing Committee. Ms. Charles founded the Women in Bio Metro New York chapter and chaired the chapter for five years. She currently serves on the national board of Women in Bio. Ms. Charles is also a member of the board of Red Door Community (formerly Gilda’s Club New York City.) She has been recognized as a Life Sciences Star by Euromoney’s LMG Life Sciences, has been named a BTI Client Service All-Star, and was named by Crain’s New York Business to the list of 2020 Notable Women in the Law. Ms. Charles holds a JD degree from The George Washington University Law School and a B.A. in Psychology from Barnard College, Columbia University. Ms. Charles is a graduate of Women in Bio’s Boardroom Ready Program, an Executive Education Program taught by The George Washington University School of Business. Ms. Charles’ qualifications to serve on our Board include her leadership skills and her vast legal experience representing companies in the biotech and pharmaceutical field.

Donald A. Wuchterl, 56, became a director on April 14, 2021 and currently serves as member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and the Audit Committee. Since August 2022, Mr. Wuchterl has provided consulting services on Chemistry, Manufacturing and Controls (“CMC”) and Technical Operations executive leadership services to several pre-clinical gene therapy companies. From April 2021 to August 2022, Mr. Wuchterl served as Senior Vice President and Chief Manufacturing Officer at T-knife Therapeutics, a next-generation T-cell receptor company developing innovative therapeutics for the benefit of solid tumor patients where he is responsible for all CMC functions. From 2016 to 2021, Mr. Wuchterl served as Senior Vice President, Technical Operations and Quality at Audentes Therapeutics (an Astellas company), a gene therapy company focused on developing and commercializing innovative products for patients living with serious, life-threatening rare neuromuscular diseases. From 2012 to 2016, Mr. Wuchterl served as Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer at Cytovance Biologics, a leading biopharmaceutical contract manufacturing company. Prior to Cytovance, Mr. Wuchterl held positions of increasing responsibility with Dendreon, Shire HGT, Amgen, Biogen Idec and Roche. Mr. Wuchterl has a B.S. in Business Administration from Colorado Technical University and an M.B.A. from Fitchburg State University. Mr. Wuchterl’s qualifications to serve on Abeona’s Board include his over 30 years of experience in the life sciences industries, with senior roles in operations and CMC across several different product types. He also brings significant experience building out and leading new current Good Manufacturing Practice (“cGMP”) organizations and facilities.

Director whose term expires at the Annual Meeting and who is not standing for reelection

Christine Silverstein, 43, became a director in March 2020. Ms. Silverstein currently serves as Chief Financial Officer of Artios Pharma Ltd, a clinical-stage biotech company led by pioneers of DNA damage response drug development, a position she joined since February 2024. From May 2021 to January 2024, Ms. Silverstein served as Chief Financial Officer of Excision Biotherapeutics, Inc., a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing CRISPR-based therapies intended to cure viral infectious diseases. From July 2020 to January 2021, Ms. Silverstein served as Chief Financial Officer of Emendo Biotherapeutics, a next generation gene-editing company that was acquired in December 2020 by AnGes, Inc., a biopharmaceutical company focused on gene-based medicines. Ms. Silverstein previously operated in various senior executive corporate finance roles within Abeona, including Chief Financial Officer from January 2019 to March 2020, Senior Vice President, Finance & Strategy from May 2018 to December 2018 and Vice President, Finance & Investor Relations from April 2016 to May 2018. Prior to joining Abeona in 2016, from 2014 to 2016, she served as Head of Investor Relations at Relmada Therapeutics, Inc., a late-stage biotechnology company addressing diseases of the central nervous system. Ms. Silverstein previously served in senior executive roles within a biotechnology venture fund and various capital markets advisory firms. Ms. Silverstein began her career in the financial services as an investment advisor at Royal Alliance Associates before moving to the biotechnology industry. Previously, Ms. Silverstein also served on the Board of Directors and as Chair of the Audit Committee of Marinus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Nasdaq: MRNS), a pharmaceutical company dedicated to the development of innovative therapeutics to treat seizure disorders. Ms. Silverstein holds a B.S. from the Peter Tobin College of Business at St. John’s University and has earned various accreditations from FINRA. Ms. Silverstein’s qualifications to serve on our Board include her extensive corporate strategic planning, capital markets and capital raising expertise, business development, compliance and crisis management experience.

Information with Respect to Executive Officers (Other than Those Who are Also Directors)

Brendan O’Malley, J.D., Ph.D., 57, became our General Counsel on September 20, 2021, and became Chief Legal Officer effective January 1, 2025. Dr. O’Malley joined Abeona in 2019 as Chief IP Counsel, bringing significant technical and legal expertise to the Abeona team. Prior to joining Abeona, he was a partner at the prominent New York patent litigation firm Fitzpatrick Cella Harper & Scinto, where he started his career as a summer associate in 2006, and then at Venable LLP, which merged with Fitzpatrick in 2018. While at Fitzpatrick and Venable, Dr. O’Malley litigated a wide variety of biopharmaceutical patent cases in the United States District Courts, at the Federal Circuit, and before the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, negotiated numerous settlement and license agreements, and provided many patent opinions in connection with M&A due diligence in the biotech space. While attending law school at Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, Dr. O’Malley served as a judicial intern to Judge William H. Pauley in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. Before law school, he earned a Ph.D. in Molecular Biology & Microbiology from Tufts University School of Medicine, where he studied the role of protein-protein interactions in hepatitis virus assembly, and a B.S. degree magna cum laude from the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth.

Joseph Vazzano, 42, was appointed our Chief Financial Officer effective March 14, 2022. Before joining Abeona, Mr. Vazzano served as Chief Financial Officer of publicly-traded Avenue Therapeutics, Inc. (“Avenue”) from February 2019 to January 2022. Prior to that, he served as Avenue’s Vice President of Finance and Corporate Controller since August 2017. During his tenure at Avenue, Mr. Vazzano secured multiple equity financings for Avenue and served in a leadership role for signing a complex, two-stage acquisition of Avenue with future contingent value rights. Prior to joining Avenue, Mr. Vazzano served as Assistant Corporate Controller at publicly-traded Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Inc. from October 2016 to July 2017, where he helped grow the finance and accounting department during the company’s transition from a development-stage company to a fully integrated commercial organization. Mr. Vazzano has held various other financial roles at other publicly traded pharmaceutical companies such as Pernix Therapeutics, and NPS Pharmaceuticals. Mr. Vazzano, who is a Certified Public Accountant, began his career at KPMG LLP. Mr. Vazzano also served on the Board of Directors and Audit Chair of Allarity Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq: ALLR), a clinical-stage pharmaceutical company dedicated to developing personalized cancer treatments from August 2023 to June 2025. Mr. Vazzano has a Bachelor of Science degree in Accounting from Lehigh University and is a Certified Public Accountant in the State of New Jersey.

Madhav Vasanthavada Ph.D., 47, joined the Company as Chief Commercial Officer in September 2023 and became an executive officer of the Company in January 2026. Dr. Vasanthavada has over 20 years of experience in the bio-pharmaceutical industry. Prior to Abeona, Dr. Vasanthavada served in commercial leadership roles at Bristol Myers Squibb and Celgene, where he led Global CAR-T Cell Therapy Franchise teams to launch engineered cellular therapies: Breyanzi® (lisocabtagene maraleucel) and Abecma® (idecabtagene vicleucel) for hematological cancers across key worldwide markets. Previously, Dr. Vasanthavada served in a variety of U.S. commercial roles at Bayer in marketing, market access and sales, and was ultimately the brand leader for Xofigo® (radium Ra 223 dichloride). He began his career as a scientist in Novartis R&D where his work led to multiple patents and publications. Dr. Vasanthavada holds a Ph.D. in Pharmaceutical Sciences from the University of Rhode Island, and an M.B.A. from the Harvard Business School.

PROPOSAL 2

ADVISORY VOTE ON THE COMPENSATION OF THE COMPANY’S NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) enables our stockholders to vote to approve, on an advisory (nonbinding) basis, the compensation of our named executive officers as disclosed in this proxy statement in accordance with the SEC’s rules. Our executive compensation programs are designed to attract, motivate, and retain our management talent, including the named executive officers, and to reward them for strong Company performance and successful execution of our key business plans and strategies. Under these programs, our named executive officers are rewarded for the achievement of specific annual, long-term and strategic goals and the realization of increased stockholder value. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors regularly reviews the Company’s compensation programs to confirm that they are achieving these goals. Please read the information under the heading “Executive Compensation” above for additional information about the compensation of our named executive officers in 2025.

We are asking our stockholders to indicate their support for our named executive officer compensation for fiscal year 2025 as described in this proxy statement. This proposal, commonly known as a “say-on-pay” proposal, gives our stockholders the opportunity to express their views on our named executive officers’ compensation for the most recently completed fiscal year. This vote is not intended to address any specific item of compensation, but rather the overall compensation of our named executive officers and the philosophy, policies and practices as described in this proxy statement. While this vote is non-binding on us, our Compensation Committee values the opinions of our stockholders and will take into consideration the outcome of the vote when considering future executive compensation arrangements. Unless the Board modifies the Company’s policy, the next say-on-pay advisory vote will be held at our 2027 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and the next say-on-frequency advisory vote will be held at our 2028 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

Our Board recommends stockholders to vote “FOR” adopting the following resolution at the Annual Meeting:

“RESOLVED, that the compensation paid to the Company’s named executive officers during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, as disclosed pursuant to Item 402 of Regulation S-K, including compensation tables and narrative discussion, is hereby APPROVED on an advisory basis.”

Required Vote

Proposal 2 will be approved on an advisory basis upon the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of Common Stock present in person or by proxy at the Annual Meeting and entitled to vote on such proposal. Stockholders may vote “FOR” or “AGAINST,” or “ABSTAIN” from voting. Abstentions will have the effect of a vote “AGAINST” this proposal. Broker non-votes, if any, will be disregarded and will have no effect on the outcome of the vote for Proposal 2.

Recommendation of the Board

The Board recommends that the stockholders vote “FOR” the advisory approval of the compensation of our named executive officers as set forth in this proxy statement for the Annual Meeting.

PROPOSAL 3

RATIFICATION OF APPOINTMENT OF DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP AS OUR INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

The Audit Committee has appointed Deloitte & Touche LLP (“Deloitte”) as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2026 and has further directed that management submit the selection of independent auditors for ratification by the stockholders at the Annual Meeting. Although stockholder ratification of this appointment is not required by our Bylaws or otherwise, the Board believes it is advisable to provide stockholders with an opportunity to ratify this appointment and is submitting the selection of Deloitte to our stockholders for ratification as a matter of good corporate governance. If stockholders do not ratify the appointment of Deloitte, the Audit Committee will have no obligation to select a new independent registered public accounting firm, and the Audit Committee does not plan to change the appointment for fiscal year 2026. Furthermore, even if stockholders ratify the appointment of Deloitte, the Audit Committee may, in its discretion, appoint a different independent registered public accounting firm at any time if the Audit Committee determines that a change is in the best interest of the Company.

A representative of Deloitte is expected to be present at the Annual Meeting, will have the opportunity to make a statement if they desire to do so, and will be available to respond to appropriate shareholder questions.

Information Regarding Fiscal Year 2023 Change of Independent Auditor

As reported in the Company’s Form 8-K filed October 18, 2023, following an extensive evaluation and competitive process, the Audit Committee dismissed Whitley Penn LLP and appointed Deloitte as the Company’s new independent registered public accounting firm for the Company’s fiscal year ending December 31, 2023. Whitley Penn LLP’s reports on the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of, and for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, did not contain any adverse opinion or disclaimer of opinion, nor were they qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope, or accounting principles. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, and the subsequent interim periods through October 18, 2023: (i) there were no disagreements between the Company and Whitley Penn LLP on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure, or auditing scope or procedure, which disagreements, if not resolved to Whitley Penn LLP’s satisfaction, would have caused Whitley Penn LLP to make reference to the subject matter of the disagreements in connection with its reports on the financial statements for such years and (ii) there were no reportable events as defined in Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K. The Company requested that Whitley Penn LLP furnish a letter addressed to the Securities and Exchange Commission stating whether or not it agrees with the above statements. A copy of Whitley Penn LLP’s letter, dated October 17, 2023, was filed as Exhibit 16.1 to the Form 8-K filed on October 18, 2023.

During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 and the subsequent interim periods through October 18, 2023, neither the Company nor anyone on its behalf consulted with Deloitte with respect to any of the matters or reportable events set forth in Item 304(a)(2)(i) and (ii) of Regulation S-K.

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Fees and Services

The following table represents aggregate fees billed or to be billed to the Company for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2025 by Deloitte and December 31, 2024 by Deloitte and Whitley Penn LLP.

Types of Fees	2025		2024
Audit Fees⁽¹⁾	$	741,936	$	797,553
Audit-Related Fees	$	0	$	0
Tax Fees	$	0	$	0
All Other Fees	$	0	$	0

(1)

Audit fees for 2025 and 2024 were for professional services rendered for: the audit of our financial statements for the fiscal year, reviews of our quarterly financial statements included in our Form 10-Q filings, and the issuance of consent and comfort letters in connection with registration statement filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

All decisions regarding the selection of an independent registered public accounting firm and approval of accounting services and fees are made by our Audit Committee in accordance with the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and related SEC rules.

Policy on Audit Committee Pre-Approval of Audit and Permissible Non-Audit Services of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Audit Committee pre-approves all audit and non-audit services provided by the independent registered public accounting firm prior to the engagement with respect to such services. The Audit Committee approved all of the services listed under the preceding captions “Audit Fees” and “Audit-Related Fees.”

Required Vote

Proposal 3 will be approved upon the affirmative vote of a majority of shares of Common Stock present through virtual attendance or represented by proxy at the Annual Meeting and entitled to vote on such proposal. Abstentions will have the effect of a vote “AGAINST” Proposal 3. Brokers may vote on Proposal 3, absent instructions from the beneficial owner.

Recommendation of the Board

The Board recommends that the stockholders vote “FOR” the ratification of the appointment of Deloitte & Touche LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2026.

PROPOSAL 4

APPROVAL OF AN Increase in the Number of Shares OF COMMON STOCK Reserved for Issuance Under the Second Amended and Restated

Abeona Therapeutics Inc. 2023 Equity Incentive Plan

On March 16, 2026, the Board adopted, subject to stockholder approval, an amendment (the “Plan Amendment”) to the Second Amended and Restated Abeona Therapeutics Inc. 2023 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2023 Equity Incentive Plan”) to increase the number of shares of our Common Stock authorized for issuance thereunder from 8,400,000 to 11,500,000 shares. The Equity Incentive Plan as amended by the Plan Amendment is referred to below as the “A&R 2023 Plan.” Other than the increase in the share reserve, no other substantive changes are contemplated to the A&R 2023 Plan.

Why You Should Vote FOR the Amendment to the 2023 Equity Incentive Plan

Our current overhang is 12.2%, which is well below industry norms. Overhang is calculated as the sum of outstanding options, unvested RSUs, and shares not subject to outstanding awards and available for issuance (together, the “Numerator”) divided by the sum of the Numerator and shares of Common Stock outstanding as of April 15, 2026.

As of December 31, 2024, we had 136 full-time employees. As of April 15, 2026, this number has grown to 229 full-time employees and is expected to increase in 2026. As we continue to commercialize ZEVASKYN^®, which received FDA approval in 2025, we continue to build out our manufacturing and commercial infrastructure. A key component of this build out is talent retention. Equity incentive compensation programs play a pivotal role in our efforts to attract and retain key personnel essential to the Company’s long-term growth commercially and our ultimate financial success. The Board of Directors and management are asking our stockholders to approve the Plan Amendment to assist the Company in attracting and retaining qualified personnel. If our stockholders do not approve the Plan Amendment we will be limited in our ability to continue to issue awards in numbers sufficient to attract and motivate the highly skilled employees we need to recruit and retain.

Offering a broad-based equity compensation program is vital to attracting and retaining highly skilled people in the highly competitive life sciences industry. The Company uses equity awards to increase incentives on the part of employees, non-employee directors, consultants and other key advisors who provide important services to the Company. The Board of Directors and management believes that providing an equity stake in the future success of our Company motivates these individuals to achieve our long-term business goals and to increase stockholder value. Their innovation and productivity are critical to our success. Accordingly, approving the Plan Amendment is in the best interest of our stockholders because equity awards help us to:

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attract, motivate and retain talented employees and directors;

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align employee and stockholder interests; and

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link employee compensation with Company performance.

As it relates to our equity grant practices, we would point out:

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Current Situation: We need the additional 3,100,000 shares of Common Stock requested in the Plan Amendment to retain and motivate the talent necessary to execute our commercialization of ZEVASKYN^®, research and development objectives and long-term strategy. The additional requested shares bring our overhang from 12.2% to 16.9%, which is more in line with current industry levels, but still below that of peer companies. Overhang is calculated as the sum of outstanding options, unvested RSUs, and shares not subject to outstanding awards and available for issuance (together, the “Numerator”) divided by the sum of the Numerator and shares of Common Stock outstanding as of April 15, 2026.

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Historical Annual Share Usage: We have historically granted equity in a responsible and carefully considered manner. Our 3-year average net burn rate is 5.9%. This average net burn rate is well within market norms and below the median of market data for similarly situated companies. Annual net burn rate is calculated by dividing (i) the sum of options and RSA’s granted in the applicable year by (ii) weighted average shares of Common Stock outstanding as of fiscal year end.

Without an appropriate reserve of shares of Common Stock to grant competitive equity-based incentives, we would be forced to consider cash replacement alternatives to provide a market-competitive total compensation package necessary to attract, retain and motivate the talent critical to our future successes. These cash replacement alternatives could, among other things, reduce the cash available for investment in growth and development and cause a loss of employee motivation to achieve superior performance over a longer period of time. Equity-based incentives, by contrast, directly align a portion of the compensation of our service providers with the economic interests of our stockholders.

For that reason, the Company has structured the A&R 2023 Plan to provide flexibility in designing equity incentive programs with a broad array of equity incentives, such as stock options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), stock awards and restricted stock units and implement competitive incentive compensation programs for its employees and non-employee directors. The A&R 2023 Plan will continue to be the only plan under which new equity awards may be granted to our current employees and other service providers. If this Proposal 4 is not approved, then we would be at a disadvantage against our competitors for recruiting, retaining and motivating individuals critical to our success and could be forced to increase cash compensation, thereby reducing resources available to meet our business needs.

Dilution Analysis

The table below shows our potential dilution levels based on our Common Stock outstanding as of April 15, 2026, the new shares of Common Stock requested for issuance under the A&R 2023 Plan and our total equity awards outstanding as of December 31, 2025. The Board believes that the number of shares of Common Stock requested under the A&R 2023 Plan represents a reasonable amount of potential equity dilution and will allow us to continue granting equity awards.

Stock Options Outstanding as of December 31, 2025		176,019
Weighted Average Exercise Price of Stock Options Outstanding as of December 31, 2025	$	38.72
Weighted Average Remaining Term of Stock Options Outstanding as of December 31, 2025		4.85 years
Outstanding Full Value Awards as of December 31, 2025(1)		4,180,981
Total Equity Awards Outstanding as of December 31, 2025(2)		4,357,000
Shares Available for Grant under Other Plans as of December 31, 2025(3)		3,512,873
Shares Requested for the Amended 2023 Equity Incentive Plan		3,100,000
Total Potential Overhang under the 2023 Equity Incentive Plan⁽⁴⁾		10,969,873
Shares of Common Stock Outstanding as of April 15, 2026		56,882,523
Fully Diluted Shares⁽⁵⁾		67,852,396
Potential Dilution of 3,100,000 Shares as a Percentage of Fully Diluted Shares		4.6	%

(1) “Full Value Awards” includes restricted stock awards granted under prior plans and as inducement awards that qualify for the inducement grant exception to the shareholder approval requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market set forth in Rule 5635(c)(4) (“Inducement Awards”).

(2) “Total Equity Awards” represents the sum of outstanding stock options and outstanding Full Value Awards, in each case as of December 31, 2025.

(3) “Shares of Common Stock Available for Grant under Other Plans” represents 3,298,589 shares of Common Stock still available to be granted under the 2023 Incentive Plan and 214,284 shares of Common Stock available to be granted under the 2023 Employment Inducement Equity Incentive Plan.

(4) “Total Potential Overhang” includes the sum of the total number of equity awards outstanding as of December 31, 2025, the number of shares of Common Stock available for Grant under Other Plans as of December 31, 2025, and the number of shares requested for the A&R 2023 Plan.

(5) “Fully Diluted Shares of Common Stock” reflects the sum of the total number of shares of Common Stock outstanding as of April 15, 2026, the total number of equity awards outstanding as of December 31, 2025, the number of shares of Common Stock available for Grant under Other Plans as of December 31, 2025, and the number of additional shares of Common Stock requested for grant under the A&R 2023 Plan.

Burn Rate

In connection with our stock-based compensation programs, we are committed to using equity incentive awards prudently and within reasonable limits. Accordingly, we closely monitor our equity award “burn rate” each year. Our annual burn rate is determined by dividing the number of shares of Common Stock subject to equity-based awards we grant in a calendar year by the weighted average number of our fully-diluted shares of Common Stock outstanding for that calendar year. The average annual burn rate for the years 2025, 2024 and 2023 was 5.9%. We anticipate that the share reserve under the A&R 2023 Plan will enable us to fund our equity compensation program for approximately three years. While the Company believes this is a reasonable estimate of how long the share reserve would last, the actual period for which the proposed Share reserve will fund our equity compensation program may be shorter or longer than three years, depending on changes in our granting practices, stock price and headcount growth.

Highlights of the Amended and Restated 2023 Equity Incentive Plan

The A&R 2023 Plan contains a number of provisions that we believe are consistent with best practices in equity compensation and which protect the stockholders’ interests, as described below:

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No evergreen authorization. The A&R 2023 Plan does not contain an “evergreen” Share reserve, meaning that the Share reserve will not be increased without further stockholder approval.

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No liberal share recycling provisions. The A&R 2023 Plan prohibits the re-use of shares of Common Stock withheld or delivered to satisfy the exercise price of a stock option or base price of a SAR or to satisfy tax withholding requirements associated with any award. The A&R 2023 Plan also prohibits “net share counting” upon the exercise of stock options or SARs and prohibits the re-use of shares of Common Stock purchased on the open market with the proceeds of option exercises.

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Limit on awards to non-employee directors. The A&R 2023 Plan imposes an aggregate limit on the value of awards that may be granted, when aggregated with cash fees that may be paid, to each non-employee director for services as a non-employee director in any year to $500,000 in total value.

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Minimum vesting requirements. The A&R 2023 Plan requires a one-year minimum vesting schedule for awards, except that up to 5% of the shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance (subject to certain adjustments) are available for grant without regard to this requirement, and awards granted to non-employee directors on the date of an annual stockholders’ meeting satisfy this requirement if they provide for vesting at the stockholders’ meeting immediately following the grant date (but in any event not less than 50 weeks following the date of grant).

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Ban on in-the-money stock options and SARs. The A&R 2023 Plan prohibits the grant of stock options or stock appreciation rights with an exercise price or base price that is less than fair market value on the date of grant.

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No repricing or grant of discounted stock options or SARs. The A&R 2023 Plan prohibits repricing of options or SARs either by amending an existing award or substituting a new award for a cancelled award that has an exercise price or base amount less than the exercise price or base amount applicable to the original award.

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No single-trigger acceleration. The A&R 2023 Plan does not provide for automatic vesting acceleration of awards in connection with a change in control of the Company.

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No dividends on unvested awards. The A&R 2023 Plan prohibits dividends or dividend equivalents to be granted in connection with stock options or SARs and prohibits payment of dividends or dividend equivalents on unvested awards until the underlying awards have vested.

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Subject to applicable clawback policies. Awards granted under the A&R 2023 Plan are subject to any applicable clawback or recoupment policies, share trading policies, and other policies that may be approved or implemented by the Board or the Compensation Committee from time to time.

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Administered by an independent committee. The A&R 2023 Plan will be administered by an independent committee of the Board.

Key Features of the A&R 2023 Plan

The material terms of the A&R 2023 Plan are summarized below. This summary of the A&R 2023 Plan is qualified in its entirety by the actual text of the A&R 2023 Plan attached hereto as Appendix A. Capitalized terms used, but not defined, in the following summary have the meaning assigned to those terms in the A&R 2023 Plan.

Purpose

The A&R 2023 Plan is intended to provide participants with an incentive to contribute materially to the Company’s growth by aligning the economic interests of the participants with those of the Company’s stockholders.

Types of Awards

The A&R 2023 Plan provides for the issuance of stock options (including incentive stock options and nonqualified stock options), SARs, stock awards, stock units, and other stock-based awards to employees, non-employee directors, and consultants of the Company or its subsidiaries.

Administration

The A&R 2023 Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee can delegate authority to administer the A&R 2023 Plan to one or more subcommittees of the Compensation Committee, as it determines to be appropriate. In addition, subject to compliance with applicable laws and applicable stock exchange requirements, the Compensation Committee may delegate some or all of its authority to our chief executive officer or our chief financial officer, with respect to grants of awards to employees or advisors and consultants who are not executive officers or directors subject to reporting obligations under Section 16 of the Exchange Act.

The Compensation Committee (1) determines the individuals who will receive awards under the A&R 2023 Plan; (2) determines the type, size, terms and conditions of awards under the A&R 2023 Plan; (3) determines when grants of awards will be made and the duration of any applicable exercise or restriction period, including the criteria for exercisability and the acceleration of exercisability; (4) determines the amounts payable based on whether performance goals were met, with discretion to make adjustments to the amounts payable as the Compensation Committee deems appropriate and in the Company’s best interests; (5) determines when to amend previously granted awards, subject to the limitations set forth in the A&R 2023 Plan; (6) determines the terms and guidelines that apply to individuals living outside the U.S. (if any) who receive grants under the A&R 2023 Plan; and (7) assesses deal with any other matters arising under the A&R 2023 Plan.

The term “Committee” in this description of the A&R 2023 Plan refers to the Compensation Committee, our Board, or any subcommittee, as applicable, that has authority with respect to a specific grant.

Shares Subject to the A&R 2023 Plan

Subject to adjustment described below, our A&R 2023 Plan authorizes the issuance or transfer of up to 8,400,000 shares of Common Stock. The A&R 2023 Plan also provides that shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance under the Abeona Therapeutics Inc. 2015 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2015 Plan”) that remain available for grant as of the Effective Date and shares of Common Stock underlying any outstanding award granted under the 2015 Plan that, following the Effective Date of the A&R 2023 Plan, expires, or is terminated, surrendered, cancelled, exchanged, or forfeited for any reason without issuance of such shares of Common Stock will be available for new grants under the A&R 2023 Plan. Subject to adjustment, as described below, the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock available for issuance or transfer under the A&R 2023 Plan pursuant to incentive stock options cannot exceed 8,400,000 shares of Common Stock.

The shares of Common Stock issuable under the A&R 2023 Plan may be drawn from shares of Common Stock of authorized but unissued common stock or from shares of Common Stock that we acquire, including shares of Common Stock purchased on the open market.

If awards granted under the A&R 2023 Plan expire, terminate, or are surrendered, cancelled, forfeited, or exchanged without having been exercised, vested or paid in shares of Common Stock , subject to such awards will again be available for purposes of the A&R 2023 Plan. Shares of Common Stock surrendered in payment of an option’s exercise price, including options granted under the 2015 Plan, are not available for re-issuance under the A&R 2023 Plan. Furthermore, shares of Common Stock withheld or surrendered for payment of taxes with respect to awards, including such awards granted under the 2015 Plan, are not available for reissuance. If SARs are granted, the full number of shares of Common Stock subject to the SARs are considered issued under the A&R 2023 Plan, without regard to the number of shares of Common Stock issued upon exercise of the SARs. If grants of awards are settled in cash rather than shares of Common Stock , any shares of Common Stock that were previously subject to such awards will again be available for issuance or transfer under the A&R 2023 Plan. If we repurchase the shares of Common Stock on the open market with proceeds from an option’s exercise price (including options granted under the 2015 Plan), then such shares of Common Stock cannot be made available for issuance under the A&R 2023 Plan.

The number of shares of Common Stock available under the A&R 2023 Plan will not be reduced by the shares of Common Stock that are issued or transferred under awards made pursuant to an assumption, substitution, or exchange for previously granted awards of a company that we acquired in a transaction. Additionally, subject to applicable stock exchange listing and Code requirements, shares of Common Stock available under an acquired company’s stockholder approved plan, as adjusted, may be used by the Company for grants of awards under the A&R 2023 Plan, and they will not reduce the A&R 2023 Plan’s Share reserve.

The closing price of a share of Common Stock as reported on Nasdaq on April 15, 2026 was $5.40 per common share.

Non-Employee Director Limit

Subject to adjustment, as described below, the maximum aggregate grant date value of shares of Common Stock (as determined for financial reporting purposes) granted to any non-employee director in a calendar year, taken together with any cash fees earned by such non-employee director for services rendered as a non-employee director during the calendar year, cannot exceed $500,000 in total value. This calculation excludes the value of any dividend equivalents paid pursuant to grants of awards from any previous year.

Adjustments

If there is any change in the number or kind of shares of Common Stock outstanding because of (i) a stock dividend, spinoff, recapitalization, stock split, reverse stock split, or combination or exchange of shares; (ii) a merger, reorganization, or consolidation; (iii) a reclassification or change in par value of shares of Common Stock; or (iv) any other extraordinary or unusual event affecting the outstanding common stock as a class without the Company’s receipt of consideration, or if the value of outstanding shares of Common Stock is substantially reduced because of a spinoff or the Company’s payment of an extraordinary dividend or distribution, the Compensation Committee will equitably adjust the following:

	●	the maximum number and kind of shares of Common Stock available for issuance under the A&R 2023 Plan,

	●	the maximum grant date value of awards that a non-employee director may receive in a year (calculated as described above),

	●	the number and kind of shares of Common Stock issued and to be issued under the A&R 2023 Plan,

	●	the price per Share or applicable market value of awards will be equitably adjusted by the Compensation Committee, and

	●	exercise price of options, base amount of SARs, performance goals or other terms and conditions that the Compensation Committee deems appropriate and subject to the A&R 2023 Plan’s repricing restrictions.

The Compensation Committee will make adjustments to reflect changes in the number, kind, or value or shares of Common Stock issued to prevent, to the extent possible, the enlargement or dilution of rights and benefits under the A&R 2023 Plan and for any outstanding awards, in each case subject to and consistent with applicable law. The Compensation Committee will eliminate any fractional shares of Common Stock resulting from adjustment.

The Compensation Committee may also make adjustments to the terms and conditions of outstanding awards in recognition of unusual or nonrecurring events, including acquisitions and dispositions of business assets, which affect the Company, its subsidiaries or business units, or any financial statements of the Company or its subsidiaries, or in response to changes in applicable laws, regulations, or accounting principles. In the event of certain transactions that represent a change in control (as described below), the change in control provisions of the A&R 2023 Plan apply.

Lastly, the Compensation Committee has sole discretion and authority to determine the adjustments to be made, and adjustments by the Compensation Committee are final, binding, and conclusive.

Eligibility

All employees and non-employee directors, and certain key advisors (including consultants and advisors of the Company) that provide services to us and our subsidiaries are eligible to participate in the A&R 2023 Plan. The Compensation Committee will select which eligible services providers will receive grants of awards under the A&R 2023 Plan. As of April 15, 2026, approximately 229 employees, nine non-employee directors and various consultants and advisors would have been eligible to participate in the A&R 2023 Plan if the A&R 2023 Plan were in effect on such date.

Vesting and Minimum Vesting Requirements

The Compensation Committee determines the vesting and exercisability terms of awards granted under the A&R 2023 Plan and such awards will have regular vesting schedules that provide that no portion of an award will vest earlier than one year from the draft of grant. However, (i) awards granted to non-employee directors will be deemed to satisfy this minimum vesting requirement if granted on the date of the Annual Meeting of stockholders and vest on the date of the Annual Meeting of stockholders immediately following the date of grant (but in any event, not less than 50 weeks), and (ii) up to 5% of the shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance under the A&R 2023 Plan as of the Effective Date (subject to adjustment described above) may be granted without regard to this minimum vesting requirement. The Compensation Committee may accelerate vesting of any award in its discretion.

Options

Under our A&R 2023 Plan, the Compensation Committee may grant incentive stock options and nonqualified stock options. Incentive stock options may be granted to employees of the Company or any parent or subsidiary of the Company, according to Section 424 of the Code. Nonqualified stock options may be granted to employees, non-employee directors, and key advisors. The exercise price of an option granted under the A&R 2023 Plan will be determined by the Compensation Committee but cannot be less than the fair market value of a Share on the date the option is granted. If an incentive stock option is granted to a 10% stockholder, the exercise price cannot be less than 110% of the fair market value of a Share on the date the option is granted.

The Compensation Committee will determine the term of an option, with a term limit of no more than 10 years from the date of grant. However, an incentive stock option that is granted to a 10% stockholder cannot have a term that exceeds five years from the date of grant.

Subject to the minimum vesting requirements of the A&R 2023 Plan, options will become exercisable according to the terms and conditions set by the Compensation Committee in the award agreement. The Compensation Committee may accelerate the exercisability of any outstanding options at any time and for any reason. The Compensation Committee will determine in the award agreement under what circumstances and during what time periods a participant may exercise an option after termination of employment or service. Any options granted to non-exempt employees cannot be exercisable for at least six months after the grant date, except as determined by the Compensation Committee.

A participant can exercise an option that has become exercisable by delivering a notice of exercise to the Company. The exercise price for any option is generally payable in cash or check. In certain circumstances, as permitted by the Compensation Committee, the exercise price may be paid by the surrender of shares of Common Stock with an aggregate fair market value on the date the option is exercised equal to the exercise price; by payment through a broker in accordance with procedures established by the Federal Reserve Board; by withholding shares of Common Stock subject to the exercisable option that have a fair market value on the date of exercise equal to the aggregate exercise price; or by such other method as the Compensation Committee approves.

Stock Awards

The Compensation Committee may grant stock awards of our common stock to anyone eligible under the A&R 2023 Plan. Stock awards may be subject to restrictions as the Compensation Committee determines. The restrictions, if any, may lapse over a specified period or based on the satisfaction of pre-established criteria, as determined by the Compensation Committee, including, but not limited to, restrictions based on the achievement of performance goals. The award agreement will set the period of time during which the stock awards will be subject to restrictions, during which time a participant cannot sell, assign, transfer, pledge, or otherwise dispose of the shares of a stock award, except as permitted by the Compensation Committee.

If a participant ceases to be employed by or provide services to the Company during any restricted period, or if other specified conditions are not met, any unvested portion of the stock award will be forfeited, unless the Compensation Committee determines otherwise.

Unless otherwise determined by the Compensation Committee, a participant will have the right to vote and the right to receive dividends or other distributions paid on the shares, subject to any restrictions, including the achievement of performance goals, that the Compensation Committee may determine. Dividends with respect to stock awards will only vest if and to the extent that the underlying stock award vests, as determined by the Compensation Committee.

Stock Units

The Compensation Committee may grant stock units to anyone eligible to participate in the A&R 2023 Plan. Stock units represent hypothetical shares of Common Stock, and each represents a right that a participant has to receive a Share or amount of cash based on the common stock’s value, if and when specified conditions are met.

Stock units become payable if certain conditions or circumstances are met, including specified performance goals. The Compensation Committee may accelerate vesting or payment for any reason and at any time, provided that the acceleration complies with Section 409A of the Code. Payment for stock units can be made in common stock, cash, or any combination of the two as determined by the Compensation Committee. All unvested stock units are forfeited if the participant’s employment or service is terminated for any reason, unless the Compensation Committee determines otherwise.

Stock Appreciation Rights

The Compensation Committee may grant SARs to anyone eligible for the A&R 2023 Plan separately or in tandem with any option. Tandem SARs for non-qualified stock options may be granted at the time an option is granted or while an option is outstanding. In the case of incentive stock options, SARs may only be granted at the time the incentive stock option is granted. The Compensation Committee will establish the base amount of the SAR at the time the SAR is granted, which will be equal to or greater than the fair market value of a share of our common stock as of the date of grant, as well as the vesting and other restrictions applicable to the exercisability of a SAR.

If a SAR is granted in tandem with an option, the number of SARs that are exercisable during a specified period will not exceed the number of shares of Common Stock that the participant may purchase upon exercising the related option during such period. Upon exercising the related option, the related SARs will terminate, and upon the exercise of a SAR, the related option will terminate to the extent of an equal number of shares of Common Stock. Generally, SARs may only be exercised while the participant is employed by, or providing services to, us or during an applicable period following termination. If a SAR is granted to a non-exempt employee, it may not be exercisable for at least six months after the date of grant.

When a participant exercises a SAR, the participant will receive the excess of the fair market value of the underlying common stock over the base amount of the SAR. The appreciation of a SAR will be paid in shares of Common Stock, cash or both.

The term of any SAR cannot exceed 10 years from the date of grant. In the event that on the last day of the term of a SAR, the exercise is prohibited by applicable law, including a prohibition on purchases or sales of our common stock under our insider trading policy, the term of the SAR will be extended for a period of 30 days following the end of the legal prohibition, unless the Compensation Committee determines otherwise.

Other Stock-Based Awards

The Compensation Committee may grant other stock-based awards that are based on or measured by our common stock to anyone who is eligible to participate in the A&R 2023 Plan, subject to terms and conditions set by the Compensation Committee. Other stock-based awards may be subject to the achievement of performance goals or criteria, and may be payable in cash, shares of Common Stock, or a combination of the two, as determined by the Compensation Committee.

Dividend Equivalents

The Compensation Committee may grant dividend equivalents in connection with stock units or other stock-based awards, either in the award agreement or at any point following the grant of the stock unit or other stock-based award. Dividends and dividend equivalents granted in connection with an award of stock units or other stock-based award will vest and be paid only if and to the extent that the underlying award of stock units or other stock-based award is vested and paid. Dividend equivalents may be payable in cash or shares of Common Stock and upon terms and conditions set by the Compensation Committee.

Dividends and dividend equivalents may not be granted in connections with options or SARs.

Prohibition on Repricing

Except in connection with a corporate transaction involving the Company, the Compensation Committee may not (i) amend the terms of any outstanding stock options or SARs to reduce the exercise price or base price, as applicable; (ii) cancel outstanding stock options or SARs in exchange for stock options or SARs with an exercise price or base price that is lower than the exercise price or base price of the original option or SAR; or (iii) cancel outstanding stock options or SARs with an exercise price or base price, as applicable, above the current stock price in exchange for cash or other securities.

Change in Control

If we experience a change in control where we are not the surviving corporation (or survive only as a subsidiary of another corporation), unless the Compensation Committee determines otherwise, all outstanding grants that are not exercised, unvested or paid at the time of the change in control will be assumed by or replaced with grants (with respect to cash, securities or a combination thereof) that have comparable terms by the surviving corporation (or a parent or subsidiary of the surviving corporation).

Unless the Compensation Committee or applicable award agreement provides otherwise, if a participant’s employment or service to the Company is terminated involuntarily upon or within 12 months following a change in control, the participant’s awards become fully vested as of the date of such termination. For awards that become vested based, in whole or in part, on performance, the applicable award agreement must specify how to calculate the portion of such grant that becomes vested.

If there is a change in control and all outstanding grants are not assumed by or replaced with grants that have comparable terms by the surviving company, then the Compensation Committee may (but is not required to) adjust the terms and conditions of outstanding awards, including, without limitation, taking any of the following actions (or combination thereof) without the consent of any participant:

●	determine that outstanding options and SARs will automatically accelerate and become fully exercisable and the restrictions and conditions on outstanding stock awards, stock units, other stock-based awards, and dividend equivalents immediately lapse;
●	determine that participants will receive payment, in an amount and form determined by the Compensation Committee, in settlement of outstanding stock units, other stock-based awards, or dividend equivalents;

●	require that participants surrender their outstanding stock options and SARs in exchange for a payment by the Company, in cash or shares of Common Stock, equal to the difference between the exercise price and the fair market value of the underlying shares; provided, however, if the per Share fair market value of our common stock does not exceed the per Share stock option exercise price or SAR base amount, as applicable, we will not be required to make any payment to the participant upon surrender of the stock option or SAR; or

●	after giving participants an opportunity to exercise all of their outstanding stock options and SARs, terminate any unexercised stock options and SARs on the date determined by the Compensation Committee.

In general terms, a change in control under the A&R 2023 Plan occurs if:

●	the consummation of a transaction where a person, entity or affiliated group, with certain exceptions, acquires more than 50% of our then-outstanding voting securities;

●	we merge into another entity unless the holders of our voting shares immediately prior to the merger have at least 50% of the combined voting power of the securities in the merged entity or its parent;

●	we merge into another entity and the members of our Board prior to the merger would not constitute a majority of the board of the merged entity or its parent;

●	we sell or dispose of all or substantially all of our assets;

●	we consummate a complete liquidation or dissolution; or

●	a majority of our Board is replaced during any 12-month period by directors whose appointment or election is not endorsed by a majority of the incumbent directors.

Deferrals

The Compensation Committee may permit or require participants to defer receipt of the payment of cash or the delivery of shares of Common Stock that would otherwise be due to the participant in connection with a grant under the A&R 2023 Plan. The Compensation Committee will establish the rules and procedures applicable to any such deferrals, consistent with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code.

Valuation

The fair market value per Share on any relevant date under the A&R 2023 Plan will be deemed to be equal to the closing sale price per Share during regular hours trading on the relevant date on Nasdaq (or any other national securities exchange on which our Common Stock is at the time primarily traded). If there is no closing selling price for Common Stock on the date in question, then the fair market value shall be the last reported sale price during regular trading hours on the last preceding date for which a sale was reported. On April 15, 2026, the fair market value per Share of our Common Stock was $5.40.

Withholding

All awards under the A&R 2023 Plan are subject to applicable U.S. federal (including FICA), state and local, foreign or other tax withholding requirements. We may require participants or other persons receiving or exercising awards to pay an amount sufficient to satisfy such tax withholding requirements with respect to such awards, or we may deduct from other wages and compensation paid by us the amount of any withholding taxes due with respect to such grant. We may also take any other actions that the Compensation Committee deems advisable to enable us to satisfy our withholding tax and other tax obligations with respect to any award made under the A&R 2023 Plan.

The Compensation Committee may permit or require that our tax withholding obligation with respect to awards paid in our common stock be paid by having shares of Common Stock withheld up to an amount that does not exceed the participant’s minimum applicable withholding tax rate for U.S. federal (including FICA), state and local tax liabilities, or as otherwise determined by the Compensation Committee. In addition, the Compensation Committee may, in its discretion, and subject to such rules as the Compensation Committee may adopt, allow participants to elect to have such share withholding applied to all or a portion of the tax withholding obligation arising in connection with any particular grant.

Transferability

Except as permitted by the Compensation Committee with respect to non-qualified stock options, only a participant may exercise rights under a grant during the participant’s lifetime. A participant cannot transfer those rights except by will or by the laws of descent and distribution or, with respect to awards other than incentive stock options, pursuant to a domestic relations order. Upon death, the personal representative or other person entitled to succeed to the rights of the participant may exercise such rights. The Compensation Committee may provide in an award agreement that a participant may transfer non-qualified stock options and stock awards to family members, or one or more trusts or other entities for the benefit of or owned by family members, consistent with applicable securities laws.

Amendment; Termination

The Board may amend or terminate the A&R 2023 Plan at any time, except that the Board must receive stockholder approval to do so if required to comply with the Code, applicable law, or applicable stock exchange requirements.

The A&R 2023 Plan will terminate on the day immediately preceding the 10th anniversary of its Effective Date, unless terminated earlier by the Board or unless the Board, with stockholder approval, extends the term of the A&R 2023 Plan.

If a termination or amendment occurs after an award is made, it will not materially impair the rights of a participant with respect to the award, unless the participant consents or the Compensation Committee acts in compliance with applicable law or other exceptions set forth in the A&R 2023 Plan.

Establishment of Sub-Plans

Our Board may from time to time establish one or more sub-plans under the A&R 2023 Plan to satisfy applicable blue sky, securities or tax laws of various jurisdictions. The Board will establish sub-plans by setting forth the Compensation Committee’s discretionary limits under the A&R 2023 Plan and any additional terms and conditions not otherwise inconsistent with the A&R 2023 Plan.

Clawback

All grants of awards under the A&R 2023 Plan are be subject to any applicable clawback or recoupment policies, share trading policies, and other policies that the Board or Compensation Committee may implement or approve at any time. We may offset any payments due under the A&R 2023 Plan to a participant where repayment is required by an applicable clawback or recoupment policy, subject to applicable law.

Subject to applicable law, the Compensation Committee may provide in any award agreement that if a participant breaches any restrictive covenant obligation or agreement between the participant and us, or otherwise engages in activities that constitute misconduct either while employed by, or providing services to, us or within a specified period thereafter, all awards held by the participant will terminate, and we may rescind any exercise of an option or SAR and the vesting of any other award and delivery of shares of Common Stock upon such exercise or vesting, as applicable on such terms as the Compensation Committee will determine, including the right to require that in the event of any rescission:

●	the participant must return the shares of Common Stock received upon the exercise of any option or SAR or the vesting and payment of any other grants; or

●	if the participant no longer owns the shares of Common Stock , the participant must pay to us the amount of any gain realized or payment received as a result of any sale or other disposition of the shares of Common Stock (if the participant transferred the shares of Common Stock by gift or without consideration, then the fair market value of the shares of Common Stock on the date of the breach of the restrictive covenant agreement or activity constituting cause), net of the price originally paid by the participant for the shares.

Payment by the participant will be made in such manner and on such terms and conditions as may be required by the Compensation Committee. We will be entitled to set off against the amount of any such payment any amounts that we otherwise owe to the participant.

Certain Federal Income Tax Aspects

The following is a summary of certain federal income tax consequences of awards under the A&R 2023 Plan. It does not purport to be a complete description of all applicable rules, and those rules (including those summarized here) are subject to change.

Options

An optionee generally will not recognize taxable income upon the grant of a non-statutory option. Rather, at the time of exercise of the option, the optionee will recognize ordinary income for income tax purposes in an amount equal to the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the shares of Common Stock purchased over the exercise price. We generally will be entitled to a tax deduction at such time and in the same amount, if any, that the optionee recognizes as ordinary income. The optionee’s tax basis in any shares of Common Stock received upon the exercise of an option will be the fair market value of the shares of Common Stock on the date of exercise, and if the shares of Common Stock are later sold or exchanged, then the difference between the amount received upon such sale or exchange and the fair market value of such shares of Common Stock on the date of exercise will generally be taxable as long-term or short-term capital gain or loss (if the shares of Common Stock are a capital asset of the optionee) depending upon the length of time such shares of Common Stock were held by the optionee.

Incentive stock options are eligible for favorable U.S. federal income tax treatment if certain requirements are satisfied. An incentive stock option must have an option price that is not less than the fair market value of the stock at the time the option is granted and must be exercisable within 10 years from the date of grant. An employee granted an incentive stock option generally does not realize compensation income for U.S. federal income tax purposes upon the grant of the option. At the time of exercise of an incentive stock option, no compensation income is realized by the optionee other than tax preference income for purposes of the federal alternative minimum tax on individual income. If the shares of Common Stock acquired on exercise of an incentive stock option are held for at least two years after grant of the option and one year after exercise, the excess of the amount realized on the sale over the exercise price will be taxed as capital gain. If the shares of Common Stock acquired on exercise of an incentive stock option are disposed of within less than two years after grant or one year of exercise, the optionee will realize taxable compensation income equal to the lesser of (i) the excess of the fair market value of the shares of Common Stock on the date of exercise over the option price or (ii) the excess of the amount realized on the sale over the option price. Any additional amount realized will be taxed as capital gain.

Stock Awards

A participant generally will not be taxed upon the grant of stock awards subject to restrictions, but rather will recognize ordinary income in an amount equal to the fair market value of the shares of Common Stock at the time the shares of Common Stock are no longer subject to a “substantial risk of forfeiture” (within the meaning of the Code). We generally will be entitled to a deduction at the time when, and in the amount that, the participant recognizes ordinary income on account of the lapse of the restrictions. A participant’s tax basis in the shares of Common Stock will equal their fair market value at the time the restrictions lapse, and the participant’s holding period for capital gains purposes will begin at that time. Any cash dividends paid on the restricted stock before the restrictions lapse will be taxable to the participant as additional compensation (and not as dividend income). Under Section 83(b) of the Code, a participant may elect to recognize ordinary income at the time the shares of Common Stock of stock are awarded in an amount equal to their fair market value at that time, notwithstanding the fact that such shares of Common Stock of stock are subject to restrictions and a substantial risk of forfeiture. If such an election is made, no additional taxable income will be recognized by such participant at the time the restrictions lapse, the participant will have a tax basis in the shares of Common Stock equal to their fair market value on the date of their award, and the participant’s holding period for capital gains purposes will begin at that time. We generally will be entitled to a tax deduction at the time when, and to the extent that, ordinary income is recognized by such participant.

Stock Units

In general, the grant of stock units will not result in income for the participant or in a tax deduction for us. Upon the settlement of such an award in cash or shares, the participant will recognize ordinary income equal to the aggregate value of the payment received, and we generally will be entitled to a tax deduction at the same time and in the same amount.

Stock Appreciation Rights

A participant who is granted a SAR generally will not recognize ordinary income upon receipt of the SAR. Rather, at the time of exercise of such SAR, the participant will recognize ordinary income for U.S. federal income tax purposes in an amount equal to the value of any cash received and the fair market value on the date of exercise of any shares of Common Stock received. We generally will be entitled to a tax deduction at such time and in the same amount, if any, that the participant recognizes as ordinary income. The participant’s tax basis in any shares of Common Stock received upon exercise of a SAR will be the fair market value of the shares of Common Stock on the date of exercise, and if the shares of Common Stock are later sold or exchanged, then the difference between the amount received upon such sale or exchange and the fair market value of such shares of Common Stock on the date of exercise will generally be taxable as long-term or short-term capital gain or loss (if the shares of Common Stock are a capital asset of the participant) depending upon the length of time such shares of Common Stock were held by the participant.

Other Stock-Based Awards

With respect to other stock-based awards granted under the A&R 2023 Plan, generally when the participant receives payment with respect to an award, the amount of cash and/or the fair market value of any shares of Common Stock or other property received will be ordinary income to the participant, and we generally will be entitled to a tax deduction at the same time and in the same amount.

Impact of Section 409A

Section 409A of the Code applies to deferred compensation, which is generally defined as compensation earned currently, the payment of which is deferred to a later taxable year. Awards under the A&R 2023 Plan are intended to be exempt from the requirements of Section 409A or to satisfy its requirements. An award that is subject to Section 409A and fails to satisfy its requirements will subject the holder of the award to immediate taxation, interest and an additional 20% tax on the vested amount underlying the award.

Section 162(m) of the Code

Section 162(m) of the Code generally disallows a tax deduction to a publicly held company for compensation in excess of $1 million paid to its “covered employees” which generally includes all NEOs. While the Compensation Committee considers the tax deductibility of each element of executive compensation as a factor in our overall compensation program, the Compensation Committee retains the discretion to approve compensation that may not qualify for the compensation deduction.

New Plan Benefits

Future benefits under the A&R 2023 Plan generally will be granted at the discretion of the Compensation Committee and are therefore not currently determinable.

Because future grants of awards under the A&R 2023 Plan, if approved, would be subject to the discretion of the Board or Compensation Committee, the amount and terms of future awards to particular participants or groups of participants are not determinable at this time. No awards have been previously granted that are contingent on the approval of the A&R 2023 Plan.

Required Vote

Proposal 4 will be approved upon the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of Common Stock present through virtual attendance or by proxy at the Annual Meeting and entitled to vote on the proposal. Stockholders may vote “FOR” or “AGAINST,” or “ABSTAIN” from voting. Abstentions will have the effect of a vote “AGAINST” this proposal. Broker non-votes, if any, will have no effect on the outcome of the vote for Proposal 4.

Recommendation of the Board

The Board recommends that the stockholders vote “FOR” the approval of the A&R 2023 Plan as set forth in this Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting.

PROPOSAL 5

APPROVAL OF AN amendment to the Company’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation to remove the

advance notice provision for director nominations

Our Board is asking stockholders to approve an amendment to our Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Certificate of Incorporation”) to remove the provision governing stockholder nominations of directors (the “Nomination Provision Amendment”). Provisions addressing stockholder nominations of directors are more commonly maintained in a company’s bylaws rather than their certificates of incorporation, because bylaws provide a more flexible, efficient, and transparent means of governing the stockholder director nomination process. By including stockholder nomination provisions only in a company’s bylaws, companies are able to amend their procedures in a timely fashion to comply with or adapt to changes in corporate law, exchange listing requirements, and SEC regulations, rather than going through the lengthy and expensive process of amending their certificate of incorporation each time. Our Bylaws already contain comprehensive provisions for stockholder nominations of directors, including detailed timing, procedural, and disclosure requirements. Our Bylaw provisions are consistent with and more detailed than the provision currently in the Certificate of Incorporation.

Accordingly, approval of the Nomination Provision Amendment will not diminish or eliminate any stockholder protections relating to the director nomination process. Rather, the Company’s existing Bylaw provisions will continue to govern. On March 16, 2026, our Board adopted the Nomination Provision Amendment, subject to the approval of this proposal by our stockholders at the Annual Meeting. The Board recommends that stockholders vote “FOR” approval of the Nomination Provision Amendment.

The Nomination Provision Amendment

The Nomination Provision Amendment would remove Article VII.C of our Certificate of Incorporation (the “Nomination Provision”) in its entirety. The Nomination Provision requires stockholders to provide the Company written notice of their intent to nominate directors within specified deadlines—120 days before an annual meeting, or seven days following the first notice or public announcement of a special meeting—and to include detailed information about the nominating stockholder and each nominee. The chairman of the meeting may refuse to acknowledge any nomination not made in compliance with these procedures.

The full text of Article VII.C is set forth in Appendix B to this Proxy Statement.

Rationale for the Nomination Provision Amendment

The Company’s Bylaws already provide comprehensive protections for stockholder nominations. Our Bylaws contain detailed provisions governing the procedural and disclosure requirements for stockholder nominations of directors. These Bylaw provisions are consistent with market practice among publicly traded companies of our size and reflect more current and comprehensive requirements than the Nomination Provision in the Certificate of Incorporation. Following the adoption of the SEC’s universal proxy rules and recent developments in Delaware corporate law, many public companies have updated their advance notice provisions to reflect evolving regulatory and legal standards. By maintaining these provisions in the Bylaws rather than the Certificate of Incorporation, the Company will be better positioned to make such updates as needed. For more information regarding our Bylaw requirements for stockholder nominations of directors, refer to our Bylaws, available on our investor website at investors.abeonatherapeutics.com.

Bylaw provisions are more flexible and efficient than charter provisions. Under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”), amendments to a company’s certificate of incorporation generally require the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of stock entitled to vote. This is a higher threshold than the voting standard for routine proposals, which typically requires the approval of only a majority of the shares voting on the matter. Our Certificate of Incorporation further provides that amendments to Article VII, including any changes to the Nomination Provision, require an even more demanding standard: the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 66⅔% of the shares entitled to vote. As a result, even minor or technical updates to the Nomination Provision require a formal stockholder vote at a level that may be difficult to achieve. In contrast, bylaw amendments can be adopted by the Board, enabling the Company to keep its advance notice provisions current with developments in Delaware law, decisions of Delaware’s courts, and evolving market practices in a timelier manner.

The Board will be better able to respond to legal developments and stockholder feedback. Delaware corporate law governing advance notice provisions continues to evolve. Delaware courts have issued a series of decisions addressing the validity and enforceability of advance notice provisions in recent years. These decisions underscore the importance of having provisions that are clearly drafted and consistent with evolving legal standards. Having these provisions in the Company’s Bylaws instead of in the Certificate of Incorporation enables the Board to respond to such legal developments without delay and expense of seeking supermajority stockholder approval. If the Nomination Provision remains in the Certificate of Incorporation and a Delaware court were to find all or a portion of the provision to be invalid or unenforceable, the Board would be unable to revise or remove that provision without first obtaining the affirmative vote of at least 66⅔% of the Company’s outstanding shares—a process that is both costly and time-consuming. Similarly, if stockholders provide feedback regarding the Company’s nomination procedures, the Board can respond more directly and promptly by amending the Bylaws rather than undertaking the process of seeking supermajority stockholder approval to amend the Certificate of Incorporation.

The Board recognizes that this amendment shifts future amendment authority from stockholders to the Board. The Board is mindful that removing the Nomination Provision from the Certificate of Incorporation means that future changes to the Company’s advance notice requirements will be governed by the Bylaws, which can be amended by the Board without a stockholder vote. The Board believes this is appropriate for several reasons. First, the Company’s existing Bylaw provisions already contain comprehensive advance notice requirements that protect stockholders’ ability to nominate directors. Second, under Delaware law, bylaw provisions may not be inconsistent with the certificate of incorporation, and directors remain subject to fiduciary duties when adopting or amending bylaws. Third, maintaining advance notice provisions in the bylaws rather than the certificate of incorporation is the prevailing practice among publicly traded companies. The Board believes that the ability to keep these provisions current and responsive to changing conditions serves stockholders’ long-term interests.

For all of these reasons, our Board believes the Nomination Provision Amendment is in the best interests of stockholders.

Required Vote

Proposal 5 will be approved upon the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 66 2/3% of the shares entitled to vote on Proposal 5. Stockholders may vote “FOR” or “AGAINST,” or “ABSTAIN” from voting. As such, the failure to vote your shares in favor of this proposal—whether by voting against, failing to vote, abstaining, or allowing a broker non-vote—will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” this proposal.

It is important that you vote your shares. The Board urges all stockholders to vote promptly, whether or not they plan to attend the Annual Meeting.

Recommendation of the Board

The Board recommends that the stockholders vote “FOR” the approval of an amendment to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation to remove the advance notice provision for director nominations.

OTHER MATTERS

As of the date of this proxy statement, the Board is not aware of any matters to be presented for consideration at the Annual Meeting other than those referred to above. If (i) any matters not within the knowledge of the Board as of the date of this proxy statement should properly come before the Annual Meeting; (ii) a person not named herein is nominated at the Annual Meeting for election as a director because a nominee named herein is unable to serve or for good cause will not serve; (iii) any proposals properly omitted from this proxy statement and the form of proxy, subject to applicable laws and our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws, should come before the Annual Meeting; or (iv) any matters should arise incident to the conduct of the Annual Meeting, then the proxies will be voted by the persons named in the enclosed form of proxy, or their substitutes acting thereunder, in accordance with the recommendations of the Board, or, if no such recommendations are made, in accordance with their best judgment.

SUBMISSION OF NOMINATIONS AND PROPOSALS FOR THE 2027 ANNUAL MEETING

Director Nominations

Stockholders may submit director nominations for election at the 2027 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “2027 Annual Meeting”) by delivering to the Corporate Secretary, no earlier than January 12, 2027 and no later than 120 days before the date of the 2027 Annual Meeting, a notice that sets forth all of the information required by our Charter and Bylaws. Our Charter and Bylaws are available on our Investor website at investors.abeonatherapeutics.com.

Stockholder Proposals

Stockholder proposals to be included in the proxy statement for the 2027 Annual Meeting pursuant to Rule 14a-8 must be received by the Company (addressed to the attention of the Corporate Secretary) no later than December 28, 2026 at our principal executive offices at Abeona Therapeutics Inc., 6555 Carnegie Avenue, 4th Floor Cleveland, OH 44103.

Any stockholder proposal submitted outside the processes of Rule 14a-8 for presentation at our 2027 Annual Meeting will be considered untimely under our Bylaws if notice thereof is received before December 22, 2026 or after January 21, 2027. Additionally, such notice must include all of the information required by our Bylaws.

STOCKHOLDERS SHARING AN ADDRESS OR HOUSEHOLD

Only one copy of our Annual Report and proxy statement is being delivered to multiple stockholders sharing an address unless we have received instructions to the contrary from one or more of the stockholders.

We will deliver promptly upon written or oral request a separate copy of our Annual Report and proxy statement to any stockholder at a shared address to which a single copy of any of those documents was delivered. To receive a separate copy of our Annual Report and proxy statement, or if two stockholders sharing an address have received two copies of any of these documents and desire to only receive one, you may write to the Company at c/o Investor Relations, 6555 Carnegie Ave., 4th Floor, Cleveland, OH 44103 or call the Company at 646-813-4701.

COST AND METHOD OF SOLICITATION

We will pay the cost of soliciting proxies. Proxies may be solicited on behalf of the Company by directors, officers or employees of Abeona in person or by telephone, email or other electronic means. As required by the SEC, we also will reimburse brokerage firms and other custodians, nominees and fiduciaries for their expenses incurred in sending proxies and proxy materials to beneficial owners of our Common Stock.

FORM 10-K

Our Annual Report is available without charge to each stockholder, upon written request to the Company at c/o Investor Relations, 6555 Carnegie Ave., 4th Floor, Cleveland, OH 44103 and is also available on our website at www.abeonatherapeutics.com under the heading “Investors & Media—SEC Filings.”

APPENDIX A

SECOND Amended and Restated Abeona Therapeutics Inc. 2023 Equity Incentive Plan

Section 1. Effectiveness and Purpose.

Effective as of the date this plan is approved by the Corporation’s stockholders, the Second Amended and Restated Abeona Therapeutics Inc. 2023 Equity Incentive Plan (as may be amended from time to time, the “Plan”) is hereby established.

The Plan was initially approved by the Corporation’s stockholders on the Effective Date, and was first amended and restated to increase the number of shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance thereunder as approved by the Corporation’s stockholders on April 24, 2024, and again as approved by the Corporation’s stockholders on December 20, 2024. The Plan was further amended and restated in its present form on March 16, 2026, which is the date on which the amendment and restatement of the Plan in its present form was approved by the Board (the “Restatement Date”), subject to approval by the Corporation’s stockholders. The terms of the Plan as amended and restated herein shall apply to all Awards granted under the Plan prior to, on or following the Restatement Date. If this amendment and restatement of the Plan is not approved by the Company’s stockholders at the Corporation’s 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, then this amendment and restatement of the Plan will be null and void in its entirety and the Plan as approved by the Corporation’s stockholders on December 20, 2024 will remain in effect.

The purpose of the Plan is to provide employees of Abeona Therapeutics Inc., a Delaware corporation (together with its successors, the “Corporation”), and its Subsidiaries, certain consultants and advisors who perform services for the Corporation or its Subsidiaries, and non-employee members of the Board, with the opportunity to receive grants of equity awards in the form of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, stock awards, stock units, and other stock-based awards. Capitalized terms used in the Plan and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meaning assigned to them in Section 2.

The Corporation believes that the Plan will encourage the participants to contribute materially to the growth of the Corporation, thereby benefitting the Corporation’s stockholders, and will align the economic interests of the participants with those of the stockholders.

The Plan is intended to replace the Prior Plan. No additional grants shall be made under the Prior Plan on or after the Effective Date. Outstanding grants under the Prior Plan shall continue in effect according to their terms.

Section 2. Definitions.

The following terms shall have the meanings set forth below for purposes of the Plan:

(a) “Affiliate” means, when used with reference to any Person, any other Person that directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by or is under common control with, or owns greater than 50% of the voting power in, the specified Person (the term “control” for this purpose means the ability, whether by the ownership of shares or other equity interest, by contract or otherwise, to elect a majority of the directors of a corporation, independently to select the managing partner of a partnership or the managing member or the majority of the managers, as applicable, of a limited liability company, or otherwise to have the power independently to remove and then select a majority of those Persons exercising governing authority over an entity, and control shall be conclusively presumed in the case of the direct or indirect ownership of 50% or more of the voting equity interests in the specified Person).

(b) “Award” means an Option, SAR, Stock Award, Stock Unit or Other Stock-Based Award granted under the Plan.

(c) “Award Agreement” means the written agreement that sets forth the terms and conditions of an Award, including all amendments thereto.

(d) “Board” means the Board of Directors of the Corporation.

(e) “CEO” means the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation.

(f) “Change in Control” means a change in ownership or control of the Corporation effected through any of the following transactions:

(i) any “person” (as such term is used in sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act) becomes a “beneficial owner” (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Corporation representing more than fifty percent (50%) of the voting power of the then-outstanding securities of the Corporation; provided that a Change in Control shall not be deemed to occur as a result of a transaction in which the Corporation becomes a direct or indirect subsidiary of another Person and in which the stockholders of the Corporation, immediately prior to the transaction, will beneficially own, immediately after the transaction, shares of such other Person representing more than fifty percent (50%) of the voting power of the then-outstanding securities of such other Person;

(ii) the consummation of (A) a merger or consolidation of the Corporation with another Person where, immediately after the merger or consolidation, the stockholders of the Corporation, immediately prior to the merger or consolidation, will not beneficially own, in substantially the same proportion as ownership immediately prior to the merger or consolidation, shares entitling such stockholders to more than fifty percent (50%) of all votes to which all stockholders of the surviving Person would be entitled in the election of directors, or where the members of the Board, immediately prior to the merger or consolidation, will not, immediately after the merger or consolidation, constitute a majority of the board of directors of the surviving Person or (B) a sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Corporation;

(iii) a change in the composition of the Board over a period of twelve (12) consecutive months or less such that a majority of the Board members ceases, by reason of one or more contested elections, or threatened election contests, for Board membership, to be comprised of individuals who either (A) have been Board members continuously since the beginning of such period or (B) have been elected or nominated for election as Board members during such period by at least a majority of the Board members described in clause (A) who were still in office at the time the Board approved such election or nomination; or

(iv) the consummation of a complete dissolution or liquidation of the Corporation.

The Committee may modify the definition of Change in Control for a particular Award as the Committee deems appropriate to comply with Section 409A of the Code. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if an Award constitutes deferred compensation subject to Section 409A of the Code and the Award provides for payment upon a Change in Control, then, for purposes of such payment provisions, no Change in Control shall be deemed to have occurred upon an event described in items (i)-(iv) above unless the event would also constitute a change in ownership or effective control of, or a change in the ownership of a substantial portion of the assets of, the Corporation under Section 409A of the Code.

(g) “Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the regulations promulgated thereunder.

(h) “Committee” means the Compensation Committee of the Board or another committee appointed by the Board to administer the Plan. The Committee shall consist of directors who are “non-employee directors” as defined under Rule 16b-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act and “independent directors,” as determined in accordance with the independence standards established by the stock exchange on which the Common Stock is at the time primarily traded.

(i) “Common Stock” means common stock, par value $.01 per share, of the Corporation, and such other securities as may be substituted for Common Stock pursuant to Section 5(c) or Section 5(e).

(j) “Disability” or “Disabled” has the meaning set forth in an applicable Award Agreement or employment or services agreement with a Participant, and in the absence of the forgoing, means (i) the Participant’s becoming disabled within the meaning of the Employer’s long-term disability plan applicable to the Participant, or (ii) if no long-term disability plan is applicable to the Participant, the Participant’s inability to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment that is expected to result in death or has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of six months or more.

(k) “Dividend Equivalent” means an amount determined by multiplying the number of shares of Common Stock subject to a Stock Unit or Other Stock-Based Award by the per-share cash dividend paid by the Corporation on its outstanding Common Stock, or the per-share Fair Market Value of any dividend paid on its outstanding Common Stock in consideration other than cash. If interest is credited on accumulated divided equivalents, the term “Dividend Equivalent” shall include the accrued interest.

(l) “Effective Date” means May 17, 2023.

(m) “Employed by, or providing service to, the Employer” means employment or service as an Employee, Key Advisor or member of the Board (so that, for purposes of exercising Options and SARs and satisfying conditions with respect to Stock Awards, Stock Units, and Other Stock-Based Awards, a Participant shall not be considered to have terminated employment or service until the Participant ceases to be an Employee, Key Advisor and member of the Board), unless the Committee determines otherwise. If a Participant’s relationship is with a Subsidiary and that entity ceases to be a Subsidiary, the Participant will be deemed to cease employment or service when the entity ceases to be a Subsidiary, unless the Participant transfers employment or service to an Employer. If a Participant has military, sick leave or other bona fide leave, the Participant will not be deemed to cease employment or service solely as a result of such leave; provided that such leave does not exceed the longer of 90 days or the period during which the absent Participant’s reemployment rights, if any, are guaranteed by statute or contract. To the extent consistent with applicable law, the Committee may provide that Awards continue to vest for all or a portion of the period of such leave, or that vesting shall be tolled during such leave and only recommence upon the Participant’s return from such leave.

(n) “Employee” means an employee of the Employer (including an officer or director who is also an employee), but excluding any person who is classified by the Employer as a “contractor” or “consultant,” no matter how characterized by the Internal Revenue Service, other governmental agency or a court. Any change of characterization of an individual by the Internal Revenue Service or any court or government agency shall have no effect upon the classification of an individual as an Employee for purposes of this Plan, unless the Committee determines otherwise.

(o) “Employer” means the Corporation and its Subsidiaries.

(p) “Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

(q) “Exercise Price” means the per share price at which shares of Common Stock may be purchased under an Option, as designated by the Committee.

(r) “Fair Market Value” means:

(i) If the Common Stock is publicly traded, the Fair Market Value per share shall be determined as follows: (A) if the principal trading market for the Common Stock is a national securities exchange, the closing sales price during regular trading hours on the relevant date or, if there were no trades on that date, the latest preceding date upon which a sale was reported, or (B) if the Common Stock is not principally traded on any such exchange, the last reported sale price of a share of Common Stock during regular trading hours on the relevant date, as reported by the OTC Bulletin Board.

(ii) If the Common Stock is not publicly traded or, if publicly traded, is not subject to reported transactions as set forth above, the Fair Market Value per share shall be determined by the Committee through any reasonable valuation method authorized under the Code.

(s) “Incentive Stock Option” means an Option that is intended to meet the requirements of an incentive stock option under Section 422 of the Code.

(t) “Involuntary Termination” has the following meaning with respect to each Award made under the Plan:

(i) Involuntary Termination shall have the meaning assigned to such term in the Award Agreement for the particular Award or in any other agreement incorporated by reference into the Award Agreement for purposes of defining such term.

(ii) In the absence of any other Involuntary Termination definition in the Award Agreement (or in any other agreement incorporated by reference into the Award Agreement), Involuntary Termination means such individual’s involuntary dismissal or discharge by the Employer for reasons other than Misconduct.

(u) “Key Advisor” means a consultant or advisor of the Employer.

(v) “Misconduct” has the following meaning with respect to each Award made under the Plan:

(i) Misconduct shall have the meaning assigned to such term in the Award Agreement for the particular Award or in any other agreement incorporated by reference into the Award Agreement for purposes of defining such term.

(ii) In the absence of any other Misconduct definition in the Award Agreement for a particular Award (or in any other agreement incorporated by reference into the Award Agreement), Misconduct means the commission of any act of fraud, embezzlement or dishonesty by the Participant, any unauthorized use or disclosure by such person of confidential information or trade secrets of the Corporation or any Affiliate, or any other intentional misconduct by such person adversely affecting the business or affairs of the Corporation or any Affiliate in a material manner. The foregoing definition shall not in any way preclude or restrict the right of the Employer to discharge or dismiss any Participant, employee or other person in the service of the Employer for any other acts or omissions, but such other acts or omissions shall not be deemed, for purposes of the Plan, to constitute grounds for termination for Misconduct.

(w) “Non-Employee Director” means a member of the Board who is not an Employee.

(x) “Nonqualified Stock Option” means an Option that is not intended to be taxed as an incentive stock option under Section 422 of the Code.

(y) “Option” means an option to purchase shares of Common Stock, as described in Section 7.

(z) “Other Stock-Based Award” means any Award based on, measured by or payable in Common Stock (other than an Option, Stock Unit, Stock Award, or SAR), as described in Section 11.

(aa) “Participant” means an Employee, Key Advisor or Non-Employee Director designated by the Committee to participate in the Plan.

(bb) “Performance Goals” means the business criteria selected by the Corporation to measure the level of performance of the Corporation or an Affiliate during a performance period, which may include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following criteria: (i) cash flow; (ii) earnings (including earnings before interest and taxes, earnings before taxes, earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization and charges for stock-based compensation, earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, and net earnings); (iii) earnings per share; (iv) growth in earnings or earnings per share; (v) stock price; (vi) return on equity or average stockholder equity; (vii) total stockholder return or growth in total stockholder return either directly or in relation to a comparative group; (viii) return on capital; (ix) return on assets or net assets; (x) invested capital, required rate of return on capital or return on invested capital; (xi) revenue, growth in revenue or return on sales; (xii) income or net income; (xiii) operating income, net operating income or net operating income after tax; (xiv) operating profit or net operating profit; (xv) operating margin or gross margin; (xvi) return on operating revenue or return on operating profit; (xvii) market share; (xviii) market capitalization; (xix) application approvals; (xx) litigation and regulatory resolution goals; (xxi) product sales or milestones; (xxii) budget comparisons; (xxiii) growth in stockholder value relative to the growth of a peer group or index; (xxiv) development and implementation of strategic plans and/or organizational restructuring goals; (xxv) development and implementation of risk and crisis management programs; (xxvi) improvement in workforce diversity; (xxvii) compliance requirements and compliance relief; (xxviii) productivity goals; (xxix) workforce management and succession planning goals; (xxx) economic value added (including typical adjustments consistently applied from generally accepted accounting principles required to determine economic value added performance measures); (xxxi) measures of customer satisfaction, employee satisfaction or staff development; (xxxii) development or marketing collaborations, formations of joint ventures or partnerships or the completion of other similar transactions intended to enhance the Corporation’s revenue or profitability or enhance its customer base; (xxxiii) merger and acquisitions; (xxxiv) strategic goals or objectives (including objectives related to qualitative or quantitative environmental, social or governance metrics); and (xxxiv) other applicable criteria as determined by the Committee. Performance Goals applicable to an Award shall be determined by the Committee, and may be established on an absolute or relative basis and may be established on a corporate-wide basis or with respect to one or more business units, divisions, subsidiaries or business segments. Relative performance may be measured against a group of peer companies, a financial market index or other objective and quantifiable indices.

(cc) “Person” means any natural person, corporation, limited liability company, partnership, trust, joint stock company, business trust, unincorporated association, joint venture, governmental authority or other legal entity of any nature whatsoever.

(dd) “Prior Plan” means the Abeona Therapeutics, Inc. 2015 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended through the Effective Date.

(ee) “SAR” means a stock appreciation right, as described in Section 10.

(ff) “Stock Award” means an award of Common Stock, as described in Section 8.

(gg) “Stock Unit” means an award of a contractual right to receive one or more shares of Common Stock, cash or combination thereof, as described in Section 9, and denominated in a number of shares of Common Stock specified in an Award Agreement.

(hh) “Subsidiary” means any corporation (other than the Corporation) in an unbroken chain of corporations beginning with the Corporation, provided each corporation (other than the last corporation) in the unbroken chain owns, at the time of the determination, stock possessing 50% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock in one of the other corporations in such chain.

Section 3. Administration.

(a) Committee. The Plan shall be administered and interpreted by the Committee; provided, however, that any Awards to members of the Board must be authorized by a majority of the Board. The Committee may delegate authority to one or more subcommittees of the Committee or as set forth in Section 3(b), as it deems appropriate. Subject to compliance with applicable law and the applicable stock exchange rules, the Board, in its discretion, may perform any action of the Committee hereunder. To the extent that the Board, the Committee, a subcommittee or the CEO, as described below administers the Plan, references in the Plan to the “Committee” shall be deemed to refer to the Board, the Committee, or such subcommittee or the CEO.

(b) Delegation to CEO or CFO. Subject to compliance with applicable law and applicable stock exchange requirements, the Committee may delegate all or part of its authority and power to the CEO or CFO of the Corporation or a committee comprised of executives of the Corporation, as it deems appropriate, with respect to Awards to Employees or Key Advisors who are not executive officers or directors under Section 16 of the Exchange Act.

(c) Committee Authority. The Committee shall have the sole authority to (i) determine the individuals to whom Awards shall be made under the Plan; (ii) determine the type, size, terms and conditions of the Awards to be made to each such individual; (iii) determine the time when the Awards will be made and the duration of any applicable exercise or restriction period, including the criteria for exercisability and the acceleration of exercisability, which criteria may be based on the attainment of Performance Goals; (iv) determine the amounts payable based on attainment of Performance Goals, including discretion to make such adjustments (positive or negative) to the amounts payable as the Committee deems appropriate and in the best interests of the Corporation; (v) amend the terms of any previously issued Award, subject to the provisions of Section 18 below; (vi) determine and adopt terms, guidelines, and provisions, not inconsistent with the Plan and applicable law, that apply to individuals residing outside of the United States who receive Awards under the Plan; and (vii) deal with any other matters arising under the Plan.

(d) Committee Determinations. The Committee shall have full power and express discretionary authority to administer and interpret the Plan, to make factual determinations and to adopt or amend such rules, regulations, agreements and instruments for implementing the Plan and for the conduct of its business as it deems necessary or advisable, in its sole discretion. The Committee’s written interpretations of the Plan and all determinations made by the Committee pursuant to the powers vested in it hereunder shall be conclusive and binding on all persons having any interest in the Plan or in any Awards granted hereunder. The Committee may rely on internal or external advisors in determining appropriate interpretations of the Plan or Awards granted hereunder. All powers of the Committee shall be executed in its sole discretion, in the best interest of the Corporation, not as a fiduciary, and in keeping with the objectives of the Plan and need not be uniform as to similarly situated individuals.

(e) Indemnification. No member of the Committee or the Board, and no employee of the Corporation or any Affiliate shall be liable for any act or failure to act with respect to the Plan, except in circumstances involving such person’s bad faith or willful misconduct, or for any act or failure to act hereunder by any other member of the Committee or employee or by any agent to whom duties in connection with the administration of this Plan have been delegated. The Corporation shall indemnify members of the Committee and the Board and any agent of the Committee or the Board who is an employee of the Corporation or a Subsidiary against any and all liabilities or expenses to which they may be subjected by reason of any act or failure to act with respect to their duties on behalf of the Plan, except in circumstances involving such person’s bad faith or willful misconduct.

Section 4. Awards.

(a) General. Awards under the Plan may consist of Options as described in Section 7, Stock Awards as described in Section 8, Stock Units as described in Section 9, SARs as described in Section 10, and Other Stock-Based Awards as described in Section 11. All Awards shall be subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein and to such other terms and conditions consistent with this Plan as the Committee deems appropriate and as are specified in writing by the Committee to the individual in the Award Agreement. All Awards shall be made conditional upon the Participant’s acknowledgement, in writing or by acceptance of the Award, that all decisions and determinations of the Committee shall be final and binding on the Participant, the Participant’s beneficiaries and any other person having or claiming an interest under such Award. Awards under a particular Section of the Plan need not be uniform as among the Participants.

(b) Minimum Vesting. Awards granted under the Plan shall include regular vesting schedules that provide that no portion of an Award shall vest earlier than one year from the date of grant. However, (i) for purposes of Awards granted to Non-Employee Directors, such Awards shall be deemed to satisfy this minimum vesting requirement if such Awards are granted on the date of the Corporation’s annual meeting of stockholders and vest on the date of the Corporation’s annual meeting of stockholders immediately following the date of grant (but not less than 50 weeks following the date of grant), and (ii) subject to adjustments made in accordance with Section 5(e) below, up to 5% of the shares of Common Stock authorized under the Plan as set forth in Section 5(a) as of the Effective Date may be granted without regard to this minimum vesting requirement.

(c) Dividends and Dividend Equivalents. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, any dividends or Dividend Equivalents granted in connection with Awards under the Plan shall vest and be paid only if and to the extent the underlying Awards vest and are paid.

Section 5. Shares Subject to the Plan.

(a) Shares Authorized. Subject to adjustment as described below in Sections 5(b) and 5(e) below, the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued or transferred under the Plan shall not exceed 8,400,000 shares of Common Stock. In addition, subject to adjustment as described below in Sections 5(b) and 5(e) below, shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance under the Prior Plan that remain available for grant under the Prior Plan as of the Effective Date and shares of the Common Stock underlying any outstanding award granted under the Prior Plan that, following the Effective Date, expires, or is terminated, surrendered, cancelled, or forfeited or exchanged for any reason without issuance of such shares shall be available for new Awards under this Plan. Subject to adjustment as described below in Sections 5(b) and 5(e) below, the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued or transferred under the Plan pursuant to Incentive Stock Options shall not exceed 8,400,000 shares of Common Stock.

(b) Source of Shares; Share Counting. Shares issued or transferred under the Plan may be authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock or reacquired shares of Common Stock, including shares purchased by the Corporation on the open market for purposes of the Plan. If and to the extent Awards granted under the Plan expire, terminate or are surrendered cancelled, forfeited, exchanged or without having been exercised, vested or paid in shares, the shares subject to such Awards shall again be available for purposes of the Plan. Shares of Common Stock surrendered in payment of the Exercise Price of an Option (or an option granted under the Prior Plan) shall not be available for re-issuance under the Plan. Shares of Common Stock withheld or surrendered for payment of taxes with respect to Awards (or awards granted under the Prior Plan) shall not be available for re-issuance under the Plan. If SARs are granted, the full number of shares subject to the SARs shall be considered issued under the Plan, without regard to the number of shares issued upon exercise of the SARs. To the extent any Awards are paid in cash, and not in shares of Common Stock, any shares previously subject to such Awards shall again be available for issuance or transfer under the Plan. For the avoidance of doubt, if shares are repurchased by the Corporation on the open market with the proceeds of the Exercise Price of Options (including options granted under the Prior Plan), such shares may not again be made available for issuance under the Plan.

(c) Substitute Awards. Shares issued or transferred under Awards made pursuant to an assumption, substitution or exchange for previously granted awards of a company acquired by the Corporation in a transaction (“Substitute Awards”) shall not reduce the number of shares of Common Stock available under the Plan and available shares under a stockholder approved plan of an acquired company (as appropriately adjusted to reflect the transaction) may be used for Awards under the Plan and shall not reduce the Plan’s share reserve (subject to applicable stock exchange listing and Code requirements).

(d) Individual Limits for Non-Employee Directors. Subject to adjustment as described below in Section 5(e), the maximum aggregate grant date value of shares of Common Stock subject to Awards granted to any Non-Employee Director during any calendar year, taken together with any cash fees earned by such Non-Employee Director for services rendered as a Non-Employee Director during the calendar year, shall not exceed $500,000 in total value. For purposes of this limit, the value of such Awards shall be calculated based on the grant date fair value of such Awards for financial reporting purposes and excluding the value of any Dividend Equivalents paid pursuant to any Award granted in a previous year.

(e) Adjustments. If there is any change in the number or kind of shares of Common Stock outstanding by reason of (i) a stock dividend, spinoff, recapitalization, stock split, reverse stock split or combination or exchange of shares, (ii) a merger, reorganization or consolidation, (iii) a reclassification or change in par value, or (iv) any other extraordinary or unusual event affecting the outstanding Common Stock as a class without the Corporation’s receipt of consideration, or if the value of outstanding shares of Common Stock is substantially reduced as a result of a spinoff or the Corporation’s payment of an extraordinary dividend or distribution, the maximum number and kind of shares of Common Stock available for issuance under the Plan, the maximum amount of Awards which a Non-Employee Director may receive in any year, the number and kind of shares covered by outstanding Awards, the number and kind of shares issued and to be issued under the Plan, and the price per share or the applicable market value of such Awards shall be equitably adjusted by the Committee to reflect any increase or decrease in the number of, or change in the kind or value of, the issued shares of Common Stock to preclude, to the extent practicable, the enlargement or dilution of rights and benefits under the Plan and such outstanding Awards; provided, however, that any fractional shares resulting from such adjustment shall be eliminated. In addition, the Committee is authorized to make adjustments in the terms and conditions of, and the criteria included in, Awards in recognition of unusual or nonrecurring events (including, without limitation, events described in the preceding sentence, and acquisitions and dispositions of businesses and assets) affecting the Corporation, any Subsidiary or any business unit, or the financial statements of the Corporation or any Subsidiary, or in response to changes in applicable laws, regulations, or accounting principles. In addition, in the event of a Change in Control, the provisions of Section 13 of the Plan shall apply. Any adjustments to outstanding Awards shall be consistent with Section 409A or 424 of the Code, to the extent applicable. Subject to Section 18(b), the adjustments of Awards under this Section 5(e) shall include adjustment of shares, Exercise Price of Options, base amount of SARs, Performance Goals or other terms and conditions, as the Committee deems appropriate. The Committee shall have the sole discretion and authority to determine what appropriate adjustments shall be made and any adjustments determined by the Committee shall be final, binding and conclusive.

SEC Form PRE 14A filed by Abeona Therapeutics Inc.