F-3 1 tm2534479d1_f3.htm FORM F-3

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 31, 2025

Registration No. 333-

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM F-3

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

RECON TECHNOLOGY, LTD

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Cayman Islands		N/A
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

Room 601, No. 1 Shui’an South Street
Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012
People’s Republic of China
+86 (10) 8494-5799 — telephone

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

CT Corporation System

28 Liberty St.

New York, NY 10005

+1-212-894-8940 — telephone

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copies to:

Anthony W. Basch, Esq.

Benming Zhang, Esq.

Kaufman & Canoles, P.C.

Two James Center, 14th Floor

1021 East Cary Street

Richmond, Virginia 23219

+1-804-771-5700 — telephone

+1-888-360-9092 — facsimile

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after the effective date of the registration statement.

If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. ¨

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. x

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨

If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.C. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ¨

If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.C. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933.

Emerging growth company ¨

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ¨

†The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

The Registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment that specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until this registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION

DATED [●], 2025

RECON TECHNOLOGY, LTD

PROSPECTUS

$300,000,000

Class A Ordinary Shares

Share Purchase Contracts

Share Purchase Units

Warrants

Rights

Units

We may offer to sell, from time to time, in one or more offerings: Class A Ordinary Shares; warrants to purchase Class A Ordinary Shares; rights to purchase Class A Ordinary Shares, warrants or other securities; and units of Class A Ordinary Shares, rights or warrants, in any combination (the “Securities”). We may also offer any of these securities that may be issuable upon the conversion, exercise or exchange of rights or warrants.

The aggregate offering price of the securities issued under this prospectus may not exceed $300,000,000. The prices and other terms of the securities that we will offer will be determined at the time of their offering and will be described in a supplement to this prospectus.

This prospectus provides a general description of the securities we may offer. We will provide the specific terms of the securities offered in one or more supplements to this prospectus. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you in connection with these offerings. You should read carefully this prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, as well as any documents incorporated by reference before you invest in any of our securities. This prospectus may not be used to offer or sell any securities unless accompanied by the applicable prospectus supplement.

The securities issued under this prospectus may be offered directly or through underwriters, agents or dealers. The names of any underwriters, agents or dealers will be included in a supplement to this prospectus.

Our Class A Ordinary Shares are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “RCON.” On December 30, 2025, the last reported sale price of our Class A Ordinary Shares on the Nasdaq Capital Market was $1.53 per Class A Ordinary Share. The applicable prospectus supplement will contain information, where applicable, as to other listings, if any, on the Nasdaq Capital Market or other securities exchange of the securities covered by the prospectus supplement. We have not offered any securities pursuant to General Instruction I.B.5 of Form F-3 during the prior 12 calendar month period that ends on and includes the date of this prospectus.

Investing in our Ordinary Shares involves a high degree of risk, including the risk of losing your entire investment. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 23 to read about factors you should consider before buying our Ordinary Shares.

We are a Cayman Islands holding company. We are not a Chinese operating company, and we do not conduct business operations directly in China. All China operations are conducted by our subsidiaries established in the People’s Republic of China (“PRC” or “China”) and in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China (“HKSAR” or “Hong Kong”), and by our contractual arrangements with variable interest entities, or “VIEs,” and the VIEs’ subsidiaries located in China. This is an offering of the Securities of the Cayman Islands holding company, which does not conduct operations. This structure involves unique risks to investors. The VIE structure provides contractual exposure to foreign investment in Chinese-based companies, pursuant to which U.S. GAAP accounting rules require us to consolidate such VIEs’ financial results in our financial statements. VIE structures are generally used where Chinese law prohibits direct foreign investment in the operating companies. Investors may never directly hold equity interests in the Chinese operating companies. Unless otherwise stated, as used in this prospectus and in the context of describing our operations and consolidated financial information, “we,” “us,” “Company,” or “our,” refers to Recon Technology, Ltd, a Cayman Islands exempted limited company, together with our subsidiaries. “Our subsidiaries” refer to Recon Investment Ltd., Recon Hengda Technology (Beijing) Co. Ltd., Shandong Recon Renewable Resources Technology Co., Ltd. and Guangxi Recon Renewable Resources Co., Ltd. or Recon-IN, Recon-BJ, Recon-SD, and Recon-GX, respectively. “VIEs” refers to the PRC variable interest entities and their subsidiaries (Nanjing Recon Technology Co., Beijing BHD Petroleum Technology Co., Gan Su BHD Environmental Technology Co. Ltd, Huang Hua BHD Petroleum Equipment Manufacturing Co. Ltd., and Future Gas Station (Beijing) Technology, Ltd., or “Nanjing Recon,” “BHD,” “Gan Su BHD,” “HH BHD,” and “FGS” respectively). You are not investing in Nanjing Recon, BHD, Gan Su BHD, HH BHD, or FGS. Instead, we entered into certain contracts (the “VIE Agreements”) dated April 1, 2019, which are used to provide investors exposure to foreign investment in China-based companies where Chinese law prohibits or restricts direct foreign investment in the operating companies. A wholly foreign-owned entity (“WFOE”) is a limited liability company based in the People’s Republic of China but wholly owned by foreign investors. In our instance, Recon-BJ is a WFOE wholly owned by us through our subsidiary, Recon-IN, a Hong Kong limited company. As a result of our direct ownership in the WFOE and the VIE Agreements, we are regarded as the primary beneficiary of the VIE for accounting purposes. It should also be noted that, on July 10, 2025, Recon-BJ re-signed a series of VIE agreements with BHD and Nanjing Recon, respectively.

We mainly conduct our business through the VIEs, Nanjing Recon, BHD and their respective subsidiaries by means of Contractual Arrangements. Because we do not hold equity interests in the VIEs and their subsidiaries, we are subject to risks due to the uncertainty of the interpretation and application of the PRC laws and regulations regarding VIEs and the VIE structure, including but not limited to regulatory review of overseas listing of PRC companies through a special purpose vehicle, and the validity and enforcement of the contractual arrangements with the VIEs. We are also subject to the risk that the PRC government could disallow the VIE structure, which would likely result in a material change in our operations and as a result the value of Securities may depreciate significantly or become worthless. At the time of this filing, the Contractual Agreements have not been tested in a court of law.

For U.S. GAAP purposes, each VIE has its own operating cash flow. Cash flow between our Company and the VIEs primarily consists of transfers from us to the VIEs for supplemental working capital, which is mainly used in purchase of materials and payment of operating expenses and investments. In addition, the VIEs occasionally make payments on our behalf when we experience a cash shortage. For the fiscal years ended June 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the net cash transferred from the Company to the VIEs were RMB 92,151,863, RMB84,211,565 and RMB69,562,912, respectively. There were no cash transferred from the VIEs to the Company or fees paid on behalf of the Company by the VIEs during the years ended June 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023. Neither we nor the VIEs have present plans to distribute earnings or settle amounts owed under the Contractual Agreements. Cash in the VIEs are expected to be retained for business growth and operation. No dividends or distributions have been declared to pay to us from our subsidiaries or the VIEs. No dividends or distributions were made to any U.S. investors.

We are also subject to legal and operational risks associated with being based in and having the majority of the Company’s and VIEs’ operations in China. These risks may result in a material change in our operations, or a complete hindrance of our ability to offer or continue to offer our securities to investors and could cause the value of our securities to significantly decline or become worthless. Recently, the PRC government initiated a series of regulatory actions and statements to regulate business operations in China with little advance notice, including cracking down on illegal activities in the securities market, enhancing supervision over China-based companies listed overseas using variable interest entity structures, adopting new measures to extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews, and expanding the efforts in anti-monopoly enforcement. On July 6, 2021, the General Office of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council jointly issued an announcement to crack down on illegal activities in the securities market and promote the high-quality development of the capital market, which, among other things, requires the relevant governmental authorities to strengthen cross-border oversight of law-enforcement and judicial cooperation, to enhance supervision over China-based companies listed overseas, and to establish and improve the system of extraterritorial application of the PRC securities laws. On July 10, 2021, the PRC State Internet Information Office issued the Measures of Cybersecurity Review (Revised Draft for Comments, not yet effective), which requires cyberspace operators with personal information of more than 1 million users who want to list abroad to file a cybersecurity review with the Office of Cybersecurity Review. Furthermore, the Chinese education sector is going through a series of reforms and new laws and guidelines have been recently promulgated and released to regulate our industry. On February 17, 2023, the CSRC promulgated the Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies, or the Trial Measures, and five supporting guidelines, which came into effect on March 31, 2023. Pursuant to the Trial Measures, domestic companies that seek to offer or list securities overseas, both directly and indirectly, shall complete filing procedures with the CSRC pursuant to the requirements of the Trial Measures within three working days following its submission of initial public offerings or listing application. If a domestic company fails to complete required filing procedures or conceals any material fact or falsifies any major content in its filing documents, such domestic company may be subject to administrative penalties, such as order to rectify, warnings, fines, and its controlling shareholders, actual controllers, the person directly in charge and other directly liable persons may also be subject to administrative penalties, such as warnings and fines.

On February 24, 2023, the CSRC, together with Ministry of Finance of the PRC, National Administration of State Secrets Protection and National Archives Administration of China, revised the Provisions on Strengthening Confidentiality and Archives Administration for Overseas Securities Offering and Listing which was issued by the CSRC, National Administration of State Secrets Protection and National Archives Administration of China in 2009, or the Provisions. The revised Provisions is issued under the title the Provisions on Strengthening Confidentiality and Archives Administration of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies, and came into effect on March 31, 2023 together with the Trial Measures. One of the major revisions to the revised Provisions is expanding its application to cover indirect overseas offering and listing, as is consistent with the Trial Measures. The revised Provisions require that, including but not limited to (a) a domestic company that plans to, either directly or indirectly through its overseas listed entity, publicly disclose or provide to relevant individuals or entities including securities companies, securities service providers and overseas regulators, any documents and materials that contain state secrets or working secrets of government agencies, shall first obtain approval from competent authorities according to law, and file with the secrecy administrative department at the same level; and (b) domestic company that plans to, either directly or indirectly through its overseas listed entity, publicly disclose or provide to relevant individuals and entities including securities companies, securities service providers and overseas regulators, any other documents and materials that, if leaked, will be detrimental to national security or public interest, shall strictly fulfill relevant procedures stipulated by applicable national regulations. Any failure or perceived failure by the Company, the Company’s subsidiaries in China or the VIE to comply with the above confidentiality and archives administration requirements under the revised Provisions and other PRC laws and regulations may result in that the relevant entities would be held legally liable by competent authorities, and referred to the judicial organ to be investigated for criminal liability if suspected of committing a crime. As there are still uncertainties regarding the interpretation and implementation of such regulatory guidance, we cannot assure you that we will be able to comply with new regulatory requirements relating to our future overseas capital-raising activities. As of the date of this prospectus, these new laws and guidelines have not impacted the Company’s ability to conduct its business, accept foreign investments, or list on a U.S. or other foreign exchange because the Company and the VIEs are not involved in the education industry and do not maintain data of more than 1 million users; however, there are uncertainties in the interpretation and enforcement of these new laws and guidelines, which could materially and adversely impact our business and financial outlook. See “Risk Factors - Risks Related to Doing Business in China.”

Our Securities may be prohibited to trade on a national exchange or “over-the-counter” markets under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (the “HFCAA Act”) if the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) is unable to inspect our auditors for three consecutive years beginning in 2021. Furthermore, on June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (“AHFCAA”) and the U.S. House of Representatives introduced the AHFCAA on December 14, 2021 and referred to the House Committee on Financial Services. If signed into law, the AHFCAA would amend the HFCAA Act and require the SEC to prohibit an issuer’s securities from trading on any U.S. stock exchanges if its auditor is not subject to PCAOB inspections for two consecutive years instead of three consecutive years, thereby reducing the time before our securities may be prohibited from trading or delisted.

Pursuant to the HFCAA, the PCAOB issued a Determination Report on December 16, 2021 which found that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in: (1) mainland China of the PRC, and (2) Hong Kong. In addition, the PCAOB’s report identified the specific registered public accounting firms which are subject to these determinations. Our auditor, Enrome LLP is not subject to the Determination Report issued on December 16, 2021.

The recent joint statement by the SEC and PCAOB, proposed rule changes submitted by Nasdaq, and the HFCAA all call for additional and more stringent criteria to be applied to emerging market companies upon assessing the qualification of their auditors, especially the non-U.S. auditors who are not inspected by the PCAOB. These developments could add uncertainties to our offering.

On August 26, 2022, the PCAOB signed a Statement of Protocol with the CSRC and the Ministry of Finance of the PRC, which sets out specific arrangements on conducting inspections and investigations by both sides over relevant audit firms within the jurisdiction of both sides, including the audit firms based in mainland China and Hong Kong. This agreement marks an important step towards resolving the audit oversight issue that concern mutual interests, and sets forth arrangements for both sides to cooperate in conducting inspections and investigations of relevant audit firms, and specifies the purpose, scope and approach of cooperation, as well as the use of information and protection of specific types of data.

Our auditor is currently subject to PCAOB inspections, and the PCAOB is able to inspect our auditor. Our auditor, Enrome LLP, is headquartered in Singapore, has been inspected by the PCAOB on a regular basis and subject to PCAOB inspection. Our auditor is not headquartered in mainland China or Hong Kong and was not identified in this report as a firm subject to the PCAOB’s determination. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the future, if there is any regulatory change or step taken by PRC regulators that does not permit Enrome LLP to provide audit documentations located in China or Hong Kong to the PCAOB for inspection or investigation, or the PCAOB expands the scope of the Determination so that we are subject to the HFCAA Act, as the same may be amended, or if the agreement between the PCAOB and the CSRC on August 26, 2022 does not succeed, you may be deprived of the benefits of such inspection which could result in limitation or restriction to our access to the U.S. capital markets and trading of our securities, including trading on the national exchange and trading on “over-the-counter” markets, may be prohibited under the HFCAA Act. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business In China – The recent joint statement by the SEC, proposed rule changes submitted by NASDAQ, and an act passed by the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives, all call for additional and more stringent criteria to be applied to emerging market companies. These developments could add uncertainties to our future offerings, business operations share price and reputation.” for more information.

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” on page 23 of this prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus, as updated in the applicable prospectus supplement, any related free writing prospectus and other future filings we make with the Securities and Exchange Commission that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus, for a discussion of the factors you should consider carefully before deciding to purchase our securities.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is [●], 2025.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	Page
About this Prospectus	3

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements	3

Prospectus Summary	4

Risk Factors	23

Use of Proceeds	54

Plan of Distribution	55

Dilution	56

Expenses Related to this Offering	57

Taxation	57

General Description of the Securities We May Offer	57

Description of Share Capital	57

Description of Warrants	61

Description of Units	62

Description of Share Purchase Contracts and Share Purchase Units	63

Description of Rights	63

Legal Matters	64

Experts	64

Financial Information	64

Information Incorporated by Reference	64

Where You Can Find More Information	65

Enforceability of Civil Liabilities	65

Indemnification for Securities Act Liabilities	66

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) using a shelf registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we may offer from time to time, in one or more offerings, securities having an aggregate initial offering price of up to $300,000,000 (or its equivalent in foreign or composite currencies). This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities that may be offered. Each time we offer securities under this shelf registration statement, we will provide you with a prospectus supplement that describes the specific amounts, prices and terms of the securities being offered. The prospectus supplement also may add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. You should read carefully both this prospectus and any prospectus supplement together with additional information described below under the caption “Where You Can Find More Information,” before making an investment decision. We have incorporated exhibits into this registration statement. You should read the exhibits carefully for provisions that may be important to you.

You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement. We have not authorized any person to provide you with different or additional information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. This prospectus is not an offer to sell securities, and it is not soliciting an offer to buy securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement, as well as information we have previously filed with the SEC and incorporated by reference, is accurate as of the date on the front of those documents only. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.

We may sell securities through underwriters or dealers, through agents, directly to purchasers or through a combination of these methods. We and our agents reserve the sole right to accept or reject, in whole or in part, any proposed purchase of securities. The prospectus supplement, which we will provide to you each time we offer securities, will set forth the names of any underwriters, agents or others involved in the sale of securities and any applicable fee, commission or discount arrangements with them. See the information described below under the heading “Plan of Distribution.”

Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this prospectus to “Recon,” “we,” “us,” “our,” “the Company” or similar words refer to Recon Technology, Ltd, a Cayman Islands exempted limited company, together with our subsidiaries, Recon Investment Ltd. (“Recon-IN”), Recon Hengda Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (“Recon-BJ”), Shandong Recon Renewable Resources Technology Co., Ltd. (“Recon-SD”) and Guangxi Recon Renewable Resources Co. (“Recon-GX”). Separately, “VIEs” refers to the PRC variable interest entities and their subsidiaries (Nanjing Recon Technology Co., Beijing BHD Petroleum Technology Co., Gan Su BHD Environmental Technology Co. Ltd, Huang Hua BHD Petroleum Equipment Manufacturing Co. Ltd., and Future Gas Station (Beijing) Technology, Ltd., or “Nanjing Recon,” “BHD,” “Gan Su BHD,” “HH BHD,” and “FGS” respectively).

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus and our SEC filings that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus contain or incorporate by reference forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. All statements other than statements of historical fact are “forward-looking statements,” including any projections of earnings, revenue or other financial items, any statements of the plans, strategies and objectives of management for future operations, any statements concerning proposed new projects or other developments, any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance, any statements of management’s beliefs, goals, strategies, intentions and objectives, and any statements of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. The words “believe,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “plan,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “could,” “should,” “potential,” “likely,” “projects,” “continue,” “will,” and “would” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. Forward-looking statements reflect our current views with respect to future events, are based on assumptions and are subject to risks and uncertainties.

We cannot guarantee that we actually will achieve the plans, intentions or expectations expressed in our forward-looking statements and you should not place undue reliance on these statements. There are a number of important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated or implied by forward-looking statements. These important factors include those discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and in the applicable prospectus supplement and any free writing prospectus we may authorize for use in connection with a specific offering. These factors and the other cautionary statements made in this prospectus should be read as being applicable to all related forward-looking statements whenever they appear in this prospectus. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

This summary highlights information contained in the documents incorporated herein by reference. Before making an investment decision, you should read the entire prospectus, and our other filings with the SEC, including those filings incorporated herein by reference, carefully, including the sections entitled “Risk Factors” and “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Our Company – Overview

We are a Cayman Islands exempted limited company with subsidiaries established in the People’s Republic of China (“PRC” or “China”) and in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China (“HKSAR” or “Hong Kong”). Our subsidiaries have contractual arrangements with PRC variable interest entities, or “VIEs,” and the VIEs’ subsidiaries. These VIEs are Chinese companies that provide hardware, software, and on-site services to companies in the petroleum mining, extraction and sales of refined oil industry in the PRC. To this end, our company and our subsidiaries, Recon Investment Ltd. (“Recon-IN”), Recon Hengda Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (“Recon-BJ”), Shandong Recon Renewable Resources Technology Co., Ltd. (“Recon-SD”) and Guangxi Recon Renewable Resources Co. (“Recon-GX”) are contractually engaged with the following PRC VIE companies and their subsidiaries: Nanjing Recon Technology Co., Beijing BHD Petroleum Technology Co., Gan Su BHD Environmental Technology Co. Ltd, Huang Hua BHD Petroleum Equipment Manufacturing Co. Ltd., and Future Gas Station (Beijing) Technology, Ltd., or “Nanjing Recon,” “BHD,” “Gan Su BHD,” “HH BHD,” and “FGS” respectively, which provide services designed to automate and enhance the extraction of and facilitate the sale of petroleum products.

We believe that one of the most important advancements in China’s petroleum industry has been the automation of significant segments of the exploration and extraction process. The Domestic Companies’ and our automation products and services allow petroleum mining and extraction companies to reduce their labor requirements and improve the productivity of oilfields. The Domestic Companies’ solutions allow customers to locate productive oilfields more easily and accurately, improve control over the extraction process, increase oil yield efficiency in tertiary stage oil recovery, and improve the transportation of crude oil.

Our principal executive offices are located at Room 601, No. 1 Shui’an South Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, People’s Republic of China. Our telephone number at this address is +86 (10) 8494-5799. Our Class A Ordinary Shares are traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “RCON.”

Our Internet website, www.recon.cn, provides a variety of information about our Company. We do not incorporate by reference into this prospectus the information on, or accessible through, our website, and you should not consider it as part of this prospectus. Our annual reports on Form 20-F and current reports on Form 6-K filed with the SEC are available, as soon as practicable after filing, at the investors’ page on our corporate website, or by a direct link to its filings on the SEC’s free website.

History and Development of the Company

The Company was incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands on August 21, 2007 by Mr. Yin Shenping, Mr. Chen Guangqiang and Mr. Li Hongqi (the “Founders”) as a company with limited liability. The Domestic Companies provide oilfield specialized equipment, automation systems, tools, chemicals and field services to petroleum companies mainly in the People’s Republic of China. The Company’s former wholly owned subsidiary, Recon Technology Co., Limited (“Recon-HK”) was incorporated on September 6, 2007 in Hong Kong. On November 15, 2007, Recon-HK established one wholly owned subsidiary, Jining Recon Technology Ltd. (“Recon-JN”) under the laws of the PRC, which was later dissolved on April 10, 2019 as part of our previously disclosed organizational restructuring. Recon-HK did not own any assets or conduct any operations and was dissolved on May 15, 2020. On November 19, 2010, the Company established another wholly owned subsidiary, Recon Investment Ltd. (“Recon-IN”) under the laws of Hong Kong. On January 18, 2014, Recon-IN established one wholly owned subsidiary, Recon Hengda Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (“Recon-BJ”) under the laws of the PRC. Other than the equity interest in Recon-BJ, Recon-IN does not own any assets or conduct any operations.

The following PRC legal entities are consolidated as variable interest entities (“VIEs”) for accounting purposes and operate in the Chinese oilfield equipment & service industry and energy industry and their subsidiaries:

	1.	BHD;

	2.	Nanjing Recon;

	3.	Gan Su BHD;

	4.	HH BHD; and

	5.	FGS.

Chinese laws and regulations currently do not prohibit or restrict foreign ownership in petroleum businesses. However, Chinese laws and regulations do prevent direct foreign investment in certain industries. On January 1, 2008, to protect our shareholders from possible future foreign ownership restrictions, the Founders, who also held the controlling interest of BHD and Nanjing Recon, reorganized the corporate and shareholding structure of these entities by entering into certain exclusive agreements with Recon-JN, which entitled Recon-JN to receive a majority of the residual returns. On May 29, 2009 Recon-JN and BHD and Nanjing Recon entered into an operating agreement to provide full guarantee for the performance of such contracts, agreements or transactions entered into by BHD and Nanjing Recon. As a result of the new agreement, Recon-JN absorbed 100% of the expected losses and received 90% of the expected net income of BHD and Nanjing Recon, which resulted in Recon-JN being the primary beneficiary of these Companies for accounting purposes.

Recon-JN also entered into Share Pledge Agreements with the Founders, who pledged all their equity interest in these entities to Recon-JN. The Share Pledge Agreements, which were entered into by each Founder, pledged each of the Founders’ equity interest in BHD and Nanjing Recon as a guarantee for the service payment under the Service Agreement.

The Service Agreement entered into on January 1, 2008, between Recon-JN and BHD and Nanjing Recon, obligated Recon-JN to provide technical consulting services to BHD and Nanjing Recon in exchange for 90% of their annual net income as a service fee.

On April 1, 2019, as part of our planned organizational restructuring, Recon-BJ entered into a series of VIE agreements with BHD and Nanjing Recon, respectively, under the same terms and conditions as that of the VIE agreements previously entered into by Recon-JN. As a result, the structuring of the VIEs for Recon-BJ effectively mirrored the same contractual arrangement with Recon-JN. Under general accounting principles, Recon-BJ bears all the economic risk of losses and receives 90% of the expected profits of BHD and Nanjing Recon, and consequently is considered the primary beneficiary of the VIEs. As part of the plan of reorganization, Recon-JN was dissolved on April 10, 2019. As Recon-JN’s parent company, Recon-HK did not own any assets or conduct any operations, and therefore was dissolved on May 15, 2020.

Following changes in shareholders of BHD and Nanjing Recon, on July 10, 2025, Recon-BJ re-signed a series of VIE agreements with BHD and Nanjing Recon, respectively. The new agreements stipulated that Recon-BJ will assume 100% of the expected losses of BHD and Nanjing Recon while receiving 95% of their projected net profits; all other terms and conditions remain unchanged from the VIE agreements executed by Recon-BJ in April 2019.

Based on the VIE agreements, we consolidated BHD and Nanjing Recon as VIEs as required by Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 810, Consolidation because we are the primary beneficiary of the VIEs. Management performs an ongoing reassessment of whether Recon-BJ was the primary beneficiary of BHD and Nanjing Recon.

On July 10, 2025, following recent changes to shareholders for Nanjing Recon and BHD, the various VIE agreements were required to be amended, restated, and re-registered with competent authorities. The re-executed VIE agreements were effected solely to update the identities of the registered individual shareholders of the VIEs, and the principal terms of the contractual arrangements remain unchanged. With respect to Nanjing Recon, in November 2020, Shenping Yin acquired all equity previously held by Guangqiang Chen. In January 2022, Shenping Yin made a capital contribution, and in March 2023, Yingwu Yan acquired all equity previously held by Degui Zhai.

With respect to BHD, in June 2019, Zhang Fan exited by transferring all of his equity to Guangqiang Chen; in September 2020 Mr. Yin exited by transferring all of his equity to Mr. Chen; and in 2024 and 2025 Mr. Yin subsequently re-entered and made additional capital contributions that diluted other holders.

As of the date of this report, Nanjing Recon is held by Shenping Yin (99.75%) and Yingwu Yan (0.25%), and BHD is held by Guangqiang Chen (85.93%), Shenping Yin (10.00%), Donglin Li (3.77%) and Zhiqiang Feng (0.30%). These updates do not affect the Registrant’s contractual control over the VIEs.

On August 28, 2000, a Founder of the Company purchased a controlling interest in BHD which was organized under the laws of the PRC on June 29, 1999. Through December 15, 2010, the Founders held a 67.5% ownership interest in BHD. From December 16, 2010 to June 30, 2012, Messrs. Yin Shenping and Chen Guangqiang held an 86.24% ownership interest of BHD. From June 30, 2012 to June 30, 2019, Mr. Chen Guangqiang continued to devote his personal patent to BHD and increased his ownership interest of BHD. As of the date of this registration statement, Messrs. Yin Shenping and Chen Guangqiang collectively hold a 91.62% ownership interest of BHD. BHD is combined with the Company through the date of the exclusive agreements, and has been consolidated since January 1, 2008, the date of the agreements based on ASC Topic 810. The Company allocates net income 90% and 100% loss, based upon the VIE agreements. Profits allocated to the minority interest are the remaining amount (10%).

On July 4, 2003, Nanjing Recon was organized under the laws of the PRC. On August 27, 2007, the Founders of the Company purchased a majority ownership of Nanjing Recon from a related party who was a majority owner of Nanjing Recon. Through December 15, 2010, the Founders held 80% ownership interest in Nanjing Recon. From December 16, 2010 to June 30, 2012, Messrs. Yin Shenping and Chen Guangqiang held 80% ownership interest of Nanjing Recon. Nanjing Recon is combined with the Company through the date of the exclusive agreements, and is consolidated following January 1, 2008, the date of the agreements based on ASC Topic 810. The Company allocates net income 90% and 100% loss, based upon the VIE agreements. Profits allocated to the non-controlling interest are the remaining amount (10%).

On January 29, 2015, we increased our authorized shares from 25,000,000 to 100,000,000 ordinary shares.

BHD, one VIE, controls following subsidiaries:

On December 17, 2015, Huang Hua BHD Petroleum Equipment Manufacturing Co. LTD (“HH BHD”), a fully owned subsidiary established by BHD was organized under the laws of the PRC, focusing on the production of high efficiency heating furnaces. As of June 30, 2022, BHD had invested a total of ¥4.39 million ($0.65 million) to HH BHD. BHD owns an interest of 100% of HH BHD.

On May 23, 2017, Gan Su BHD Environmental Technology Co., Ltd (“Gan Su BHD”) was established by BHD and another investor under the laws of the PRC, with registered capital of ¥50 million. It is focusing on oilfield sewage treatment and oily sludge disposal projects. As of June 30, 2019, BHD had invested a total of ¥9.3 million Gan Su BHD. The paid in capital was ¥15.48 million ($2.31 million) as of June 30, 2019. Based on its revised chapter dated August 11, 2017, BHD owns an interest of 51% of Gan Su BHD. The paid in capital was ¥22,935,000 ($3,551,489) as of June 30, 2021. On April 26, 2021, the minority shareholder of Gan Su BHD transferred 15.4% of the equity interest hold to BHD. On May 19, 2021, the minority shareholder transferred 3.6% equity shares and BHD transferred 15.4% equity shares of Gan Su BHD to Nanjing Recon. Thus, by June 30, 2021 and 2022, BHD owns an interest of 51% and Nanjing Recon owns an interest of 19% of Gan Su BHD.

On October 16, 2017, Qing Hai BHD New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. (“Qinghai BHD”) was established by BHD and a few other investors under the laws of the PRC, with registered capital of ¥50 million. It is focusing on design and production and sales of solar energy heating furnaces. As of June 30, 2020, BHD had invested a total of ¥4.2 million to Qinghai BHD. The paid in capital was ¥4.2 million ($0.59 million) as of June 30, 2020. BHD owns an interest of 55% of Qinghai BHD. The paid in capital was ¥4,200,000 ($650,371) as of June 30,2021. BHD owned an interest of 55% of Qinghai BHD previously; however, based on an agreement signed by the shareholders of Qinghai BHD dated October 23, 2018, each of the other two individual shareholders agreed to reduce 10% of their equity interests. As a result, Qinghai BHD returned ¥200,000 paid in capital back to one of the individual shareholders. After the new arrangement, BHD owns a total interest of 75% of Qinghai BHD. In fiscal year 2025, the Company’s management approved a plan to cease operations and close Qinghai BHD. Qinghai BHD primarily sold heating furnaces to industrial clients similar to those of BHD’s equipment operations. The decision to close Qinghai BHD was made due to its poor operating performance and failure to expand its market. Qinghai BHD’s major operations was ceased by June 2025 and was fully wound down by the date of this report.

On December 12, 2024, BHD and other investors incorporated Hebei Mashiji New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. (“MSJ”) under PRC law with a registered capital of ¥10 million (approximately USD 1.4 million). As of June 30, 2025, BHD owned a 70% equity interest in MSJ, having invested ¥700,000 ($97,716) for this interest. MSJ primarily produces and sells methanol fuel energy-enhancing additives for vehicles. To date, MSJ remains in the initial preparatory phase and is undertaking the procedures necessary for applying for the relevant product manufacturing license. On September 11, 2025, BHD transferred 51% of MSJ’s equity interest to a non-related investor, becoming a minority shareholder of MSJ. Accordingly, MSJ is no longer affiliated with BHD and by extension, the Company.

As the energy consumption market opened to private and foreign companies, and online payment technology developed, the Domestic Companies began to invest in the downstream of the oil industry. On December 15, 2017, BHD and Nanjing Recon entered into a subscription agreement with Future Gas Station (Beijing) Technology, Ltd (“FGS”), pursuant to which both BHD and Nanjing Recon acquired an 8% equity interest in FGS. Established in January 2016, FGS is a service company focusing on providing new technical applications and data operations to gas stations and provides solutions to gas stations to improve their operations and their customers’ experience. On August 21, 2018, BHD and Nanjing Recon entered into an investment agreement and a supplemental agreement (collectively, the “Investment Agreement”) with FGS and the other shareholders of FGS. Pursuant to the Investment Agreement, the VIEs’ ownership interest in FGS increased from 8% to 43%, in exchange for their investment in FGS for a total amount of RMB 10 million in cash and the issuance of 2,435,284 (135,294 shares post 2024 Reverse Split) restricted Ordinary Shares to the other shareholders of FGS with certain conditions. On September 24, 2019, the Company agreed to extend the agreement for six more months as negotiated with FGS to ensure the founding team can better meet its obligations under the agreement. On March 17, 2020, the Company, FGS and the other shareholders of FGS signed the third supplemental agreement to extend another 12 months to February 20, 2021 as the number of the gas stations was the only performance goal that was not achieved. As of June 30, 2020, we had invested an aggregate amount of RMB35,579,586 ($5,032,666) in FGS and issued 487,057 (27,059 shares post 2024 Reverse Split) restricted shares in total to other shareholders of FGS, and our ownership interest in FGS has increased to 43%.

On December 10, 2019, the Company’s board of directors approved to effect a one-for-five reverse stock split of its ordinary shares (the “Reverse Stock Split”) with the market effective date of December 27, 2019, such that the number of the Company’s ordinary shares is decreased from 100,000,000 to 20,000,000 and the par value of each ordinary share is increased from US$0.0185 to US$0.0925. As a result of the Reverse Stock Split, each five pre-split ordinary shares outstanding were automatically combined and converted to one issued and outstanding ordinary share without any action on the part of the shareholder.

On February 4, 2021, Nanjing Recon and BHD, entered into the fourth supplemental agreement to the investment agreement with FGS and FGS’ founding shareholders to acquire 8% equity ownership of FGS. As a result, Nanjing Recon and BHD collectively own 51% interest of FGS, with 25.5% ownership interests to each of Nanjing Recon and BHD. We began to consolidate the financial results of FGS beginning on February 2021, which is reflected in our financial results for the year ended June 30, 2021. Through the fourth supplemental agreement, the Nanjing Recon and BHD waived the requirement on FGS’ performances goal about the number of gas stations. Accordingly, Nanjing Recon and BHD agreed to pay for the balance of the investment and cancelled the related lock-up terms on the restricted shares, in exchange of additional 8% equity ownership of FGS. See “Our Corporate Structure” for more information illustrating the ownership interests between Nanjing Recon and BHD.

On April 5, 2021, at the 2021 annual meeting, to implement a dual class structure, our shareholders approved (i) a special resolution that the authorized share capital of the Company be amended from US$1,850,000, divided into 20,000,000 ordinary shares of a nominal or par value of US$0.0925 each, to US$15,725,000, divided into 150,000,000 Class A ordinary shares of a nominal or par value of US$0.0925 each and 20,000,000 Class B ordinary shares of a nominal or par value of US$0.0925 each, and (ii) a special resolution that the Third Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Company to substitute the Second Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association. On April 7, 2021, the Company filed the Third Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association with the Companies Register of the Cayman Islands. Our Class A ordinary shares began to trade on the NASDAQ Capital Market on April 12, 2021 under the same symbol, “RCON.”

On June 3, 2021, we entered into a share exchange agreement with Starry Blockchain Energy Pte. Ltd. (“Starry”) and its controlling shareholders (the “Starry Controlling Shareholders”) to acquire 30% of the equity interest in Starry. Under the Agreement, the acquired 30% of the equity interest in Starry was valued at $3,000,000. As consideration for the 30% equity interest, the Company issued 316,345 unregistered, restricted Class A Ordinary Shares, based on $9.48 per share, the average closing price in the 30 trading days prior to the signing of the Agreement, to the Starry Controlling Shareholders. The acquisition closed on June 11, 2021. On November 10, 2021, we agreed to terminate the share exchange agreement with Starry and the Starry Controlling Shareholders. Starry and the Starry Controlling Shareholders have refunded us the 316,345 unregistered, restricted Class A Ordinary Shares. Concurrently, we executed an exclusive technical consulting and service agreement with Starry to provide us with business consulting advice in exchange for 500,000 unregistered, restricted Class A Ordinary Shares, based on $2.13 per share, to Starry. The exclusive technical consulting and service agreement concluded on December 31, 2021.

On December 5, 2021, our board of directors and its compensation committee approved issuances of a total of 2,500,000 Class B Ordinary Shares from such shares reserved under the Company’s 2021 Equity Incentive Plan to directors and officers Shenping Yin and Guangqiang Chen. The compensation committee recommended and the board approved the Class B Ordinary Shares grants to Shenping Yin and Guangqiang Chen, each of whom has received a one-time share grant of 1,250,000 Class B Ordinary Shares. On February 28, 2022, our board approved an additional grant of 1,600,000 Class B shares to Shenping Yin and Guangqiang Chen, each of whom has received a one-time share grant of 800,000 Class B Ordinary Shares.

On March 9, 2023, our board approved an additional grant of 3,000,000 Class B shares to Shenping Yin and Guangqiang Chen, each of whom has received a one-time share grant of 1,500,000 Class B Ordinary Shares. On March 15, 2023, the Company signed a consulting agreement with a Company’s employee and some business consultants (the “Consultants”). As the service consideration, the Company issued 2,000,000 (111,111 shares post 2024 Reverse Split) restricted Class A Ordinary Shares to the Consultants as compensation for acting as advisors to the Company on new business exploration.

On January 31, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell securities to various purchasers (the “Purchasers”) in a private placement transaction (the “Private Placement”). Pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to transfer, assign, set over and deliver to the Purchasers and the Purchasers agree, severally and not jointly, to acquire from the Company in the aggregate 100,000,000 (5,555,559 shares post 2024 Reverse Split) of the Company’s Class A ordinary shares (the “Shares”) at $0.11 ($1.98 post 2024 Reverse Split) per share for $11,000,000. On February 2, 2024, the Company closed the Private Placement.

On February 26, 2024, the Company granted 6,255,483 (347,527 shares post 2024 Reverse Split, as defined below) restricted Class A shares and 12,900,000 restricted Class B shares to its management and staff. The fair value of the Class A restricted shares was $988,366 based on the fair value of share price $0.158 ($2.844 post 2024 Reverse Split) at February 26, 2024. The fair value of the Class B restricted shares was $2,130,000 based on the fair value of share price $0.17 at February 26, 2024.

On March 29, 2024, the Company’s shareholders approved the reverse shares split of the Company’s Class A Ordinary Shares at the ratio of one-for-eighteen with the market effective date of May 1, 2024 (the “2024 Reverse Split”). In connection with the reverse stock split, on March 29, 2024 the Company’s shareholder approved and authorized the Company’s registered office service agent to file the Fourth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association with local registry, and change its authorized share capital from: US$15,725,000 divided into 150,000,000 Class A Ordinary Shares of a nominal or par value of US$0.0925 each, and 20,000,000 Class B Ordinary Shares of a nominal or par value of US$0.0925 each, to: US$58,000 divided into 500,000,000 Class A Ordinary Shares of a nominal or par value of US$0.0001 each and 80,000,000 Class B Ordinary Shares of a nominal or par value of US$0.0001 each (the “2024 change in capital structure”).

On March 31, 2025, the Company granted 2,263,194 restricted Class A Ordinary Shares to its management and staff. The fair value of the Class A restricted shares was $3,496,635 based on the fair value of share price $1.5450 at March 31, 2025.

Summary of Risk Factors

Investing in our Class A Ordinary Shares involves significant risks. You should carefully consider all of the information in this prospectus and the filings incorporated by reference before making an investment in our Securities. Below please find a summary of the principal risks we face, organized under relevant headings. These risks are discussed more fully in the section titled “Risk Factors.”

Risks Related to Doing Business in China

We are based in China and have the majority of our operations in China, so we face risks and uncertainties related to doing business in China in general, including, but not limited to, the following:

	·	Adverse changes in political, economic and other policies of the Chinese government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China, which could materially and adversely affect the growth of our business and our competitive position.

	·	Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could have a material adverse effect on us.

	·	China’s economic, political and social conditions, as well as changes in any government policies, laws and regulations, could have a material adverse effect on our business.

	·	The Chinese government exerts substantial influence over the manner in which we must conduct our business activities.

	·	The Chinese government may intervene or influence our operations at any time. See “Risk Factors – Risks Related to Doing Business in China – The recent state government interference into business activities on U.S. listed Chinese companies may negatively impact our existing and future operations in China.”

	·	In light of recent events indicating greater oversight by the Cyberspace Administration of China over data security, particularly for companies listed or seeking to list on a foreign exchange, we may be subject to a variety of PRC laws and other obligations regarding cybersecurity and data protection, and any failure to comply with applicable laws and obligations could have a material and adverse effect on our business, our continued listing on Nasdaq, financial condition, and results of operations.

PRC regulations relating to the establishment of offshore special purpose companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC resident shareholders to personal liability and limit our ability to acquire PRC companies or to inject capital into our PRC subsidiary, limit our PRC subsidiary ability to distribute profits to us, or otherwise materially and adversely affect us.

	·	You may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing original actions in China against us or our management named in the prospectus based on Hong Kong or other foreign laws, and the ability of U.S. authorities to bring actions in China may also be limited.

	·	Any actions by the Chinese government to exert more oversight and control over offerings that are conducted overseas and/or foreign investment and/or operations in China-based issuers could significantly change our operations, limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless. See “Our Corporate Structure – Contractual Arrangements – Permission Required from the PRC Authorities for the VIEs’ Operation,” and “Risk Factors – Risk Related to Doing Business In China – The Chinese government exerts substantial influence over the manner in which we must conduct our business activities and may intervene or influence our operations at any time, which could result in a material change in our operations and the value of our Class A Ordinary Shares.”

	·	Rules and regulations in China can change quickly with little or no advance notice and their interpretation and the implementation involve uncertainty. See “Our Corporate Structure – Contractual Arrangements –Permission Required from the PRC Authorities for the VIEs’ Operation” under “Contractual Arrangements,” and “Risk Factors – Risks Related to Doing Business in China – PRC laws and regulations governing our current business operations are sometimes vague and uncertain and any changes in such laws and regulations may impair our ability to operate profitably.”

	·	If our public accounting firm does not permit the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) to inspect it within three years pursuant to the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, we may be delisted.

	·	The PRC government may issue further restrictive measures in the future.

	·	We may be exposed to liabilities under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Chinese anti-corruption law.

	·	We may be subject to a variety of laws and other obligations regarding cybersecurity and data protection, and any failure to comply with applicable laws and obligations could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

	·	It may be difficult for overseas shareholders and/or regulators to conduct investigation or collect evidence within China.

	·	Failure to comply with laws and regulations applicable to our business in China could subject us to fines and penalties and could also cause us to lose customers or otherwise harm our business.

	·	The recent joint statement by the SEC, proposed rule changes submitted by NASDAQ, and an act passed by the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives, all call for additional and more stringent criteria to be applied to emerging market companies. These developments could add uncertainties to our future offerings, business operations share price and reputation.

	·	NASDAQ may apply additional and more stringent criteria for our continued listing.

Risks Related to our Corporate Structure

In addition to the risks described above, we are subject to general risks and uncertainties related to our Class A Ordinary Shares and our organizational structure, including, but not limited to, the following:

We depend upon the Contractual Arrangements in conducting our business in China, which may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing operational control.

We conduct our business through BHD, Nanjing Recon and their respective subsidiaries by means of Contractual Arrangements. These agreements have not been tested in a court of law. If the PRC courts or administrative authorities determine that these contractual arrangements do not comply with applicable regulations, we could be subject to severe penalties and our business could be adversely affected. In addition, changes in such PRC laws and regulations may materially and adversely affect our business.

Any future issuances of Class B Ordinary Shares may be dilutive to the voting power of Class A Ordinary Shareholders.

The dual class structure of our ordinary shares has the effect of concentrating voting control with holders of Class B Ordinary Shares.

Recent joint statement by the SEC and PCAOB, proposed rule changes submitted by Nasdaq, and an act passed by the US Senate all call for additional and more stringent criteria to be applied to emerging market companies upon assessing the qualification of their auditors. These developments could add uncertainties to our offering.

	·	Our Class B Ordinary Shares have stronger voting power than our Class A Ordinary Shares and certain existing shareholders have substantial influence over our Company and their interests may not be aligned with the interests of our other shareholders.

	·	Trading in our securities may be prohibited under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act if the PCAOB determines that it cannot inspect or fully investigate our auditor, and that as a result an exchange may determine to delist our securities. Our auditor, Enrome LLP is not subject to the determinations announced by the PCAOB on December 16, 2021.

Our Corporate Structure

The following charts summarize our corporate legal structure and identify our subsidiaries, the VIEs and their subsidiaries as of the date of this prospectus.

* Qing Hai BHD was closed and has been deregistered from the Chinese Industrial and Commercial System on September 2025.

** BHD transferred out 51% of MSJ’s equity interest in September 2025.

Contractual Arrangements

Exclusive Technical Consulting Service Agreement

Pursuant to the exclusive technical consulting service agreement between Recon-BJ and each of BHD and Nanjing Recon dated April 1, 2019, Recon-BJ has the exclusive right to provide each of BHD and Nanjing Recon with technical support services, consulting services and other services, including granting use rights of intellectual property rights, software services, network support, database support, hardware services, technical support, employee training, research and development of technology and market information, business management consulting, marketing and promotion services, customer management and services, lease hardware and device, and the others necessary for each of BHD and Nanjing Recon’s needs. In exchange, Recon-BJ is entitled to a service fee that equals 90% of the expected profits of BHD and Nanjing Recon. Recon-BJ bears all the economic risk of losses. In addition to the services fee, each of BHD and Nanjing Recon may reimburse all reasonable costs, reimbursed payments and out-of-pocket expenses, paid or incurred by Recon-BJ in connection with its performance.

Under the exclusive technical consulting service agreement, without Recon-BJ’s prior written consent, each of BHD and Nanjing Recon agrees not to engage in any transaction which may materially affect its asset, business, employment, obligation, right or operation.

The exclusive technical consulting service agreement remains effective, unless terminated pursuant to the exclusive technical consulting service agreement or upon the written notice of Recon-BJ. Recon-BJ, BHD, and Nanjing Recon have deferred their respective service fees because each of BHD and Nanjing Recon have reported losses. Recon-BJ continues to accrue the payment obligations arising from the service fees. Above all else, these certain contractual arrangements are in keeping with corporate formalities to distinguish our operations in connection with Recon-BJ and the VIEs and their subsidiaries.

Exclusive Equity Interest Purchase Agreement

Pursuant to the amended and restated exclusive equity interest purchase agreement dated April 1, 2019, among Recon-BJ, each of BHD and Nanjing Recon and the shareholder who owned all the equity interests of each of BHD and Nanjing Recon, such shareholders grant Recon-BJ an exclusive right to purchase their equity interests in each of BHD and Nanjing Recon. The purchase price shall be the lowest price then permitted under applicable PRC laws. Recon-BJ or its designated person may exercise such right at any time to purchase all or part of the equity interests in each of BHD and Nanjing Recon until it has acquired all equity interests of each of BHD and Nanjing Recon, which is irrevocable during the term of the agreement.

The amended and restated exclusive equity interest purchase agreement remains in effect until all equity interests held by the shareholders have been transferred or assigned to Recon-BJ and/or any other person designated by Recon-BJ. However, Recon-BJ has the right to terminate these agreements unconditionally upon giving prior written notice to each of BHD and Nanjing Recon at any time.

Equity Interest Pledge Agreement

Pursuant to the amended and restated equity interest pledge agreement among the shareholders who owned all the equity interests of each of BHD and Nanjing Recon dated April 1, 2019, such shareholders pledge all of the equity interests in each of BHD and Nanjing Recon to Recon-BJ as collateral to secure the obligations of each of BHD and Nanjing Recon under the exclusive technical consulting service agreement and the amended and restated exclusive equity interest purchase agreement. The shareholders of each of BHD and Nanjing Recon are prohibited or may not transfer the pledged equity interests without prior consent of Recon-BJ unless transferring the equity interests to Recon-BJ or its designated person in accordance with the amended and restated exclusive equity interest purchase agreement.

The amended and restated equity interest pledge agreement shall come into force the date on which the pledged interests is recorded, under each of BHD and Nanjing Recon’s register of shareholders and is registered with competent administration for industry and commerce of each of BHD and Nanjing Recon until all of the liabilities and debts to Recon-BJ have been fulfilled completely by each of BHD and Nanjing Recon. Each of BHD and Nanjing Recon and the shareholders who owned all the equity interest of each of BHD and Nanjing Recon shall not terminate this agreement in any circumstance for any reason.

Shareholders’ Power of Attorney

Pursuant to the shareholders’ amended and restated power of attorney, all dated April 1, 2019, the shareholders of each of BHD and Nanjing Recon gives Recon-BJ irrevocable proxies to act on their behaves on all matters pertaining to each of BHD and Nanjing Recon and to exercise all of their rights as shareholders of each of BHD and Nanjing Recon, including the right to execute and deliver shareholder resolutions, to dispose any or all equity interests, to nominate, elect, designate, or appoint officers and directors, to supervise company’s performance, to approve submission of any registration documents, to attend shareholders meetings, to exercise voting rights and all of the other rights, to take legal actions against the harmful actions by directors or officers, to approve the amendments to the articles of association of the company, and any other rights under the articles of association of the company. The amended and restated power of attorney shall remain in effect while the shareholders of each of BHD and Nanjing Recon hold the equity interests in each of BHD and Nanjing Recon.

Based on the foregoing Contractual Arrangements, which authorize Recon-BJ to receive all of the VIEs’ expected residual returns, we account for each of BHD and Nanjing Recon as a VIE. Accordingly, we consolidate the accounts of each of BHD and Nanjing Recon, in accordance with Regulation S-X-3A-02 promulgated by the SEC and Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810-10, Consolidation.

Because we do not directly hold equity interest in the VIEs, we are subject to risks due to uncertainty of the interpretation and the application of the PRC laws and regulations, including limitation on foreign ownership of internet technology companies, regulatory review of oversea listing of PRC companies through a special purpose vehicle, and the validity and enforcement of the VIE Agreements. We are also subject to the risks of uncertainty about any future actions of the PRC government in this regard that could disallow the VIE structure, which would likely result in a material change in our operations and the value of Ordinary Shares may depreciate significantly or become worthless.

Our Contractual Arrangements have not been tested in a court of law and may be less effective in providing control over each of BHD and Nanjing Recon than direct ownership. See “Risk Factors - We depend upon the Contractual Arrangements in conducting our business in China, which may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing operational control.” for more details.

We may also be subject to sanctions imposed by PRC regulatory agencies including the Chinese Securities Regulatory Commission, or CSRC, if we fail to comply with their rules and regulations. See “Risk Factors — The approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission and other compliance procedures may be required in connection with this offering, and, if required, we cannot predict whether we will be able to obtain such approval.” for more details.

We are subject to certain legal and operational risks associated with the VIEs’ operations in China. PRC laws and regulations governing our current business operations are sometimes vague and uncertain, and therefore, these risks may result in a material change in the VIEs’ operations, significant depreciation of the value of our Class A Ordinary Shares, or a complete hindrance of our ability to offer or continue to offer our securities to investors. See “Risk Factors - We conduct our business through BHD, Nanjing Recon and their respective subsidiaries by means of Contractual Arrangements. If the PRC courts or administrative authorities determine that these contractual arrangements do not comply with applicable regulations, we could be subject to severe penalties and our business could be adversely affected. In addition, changes in such PRC laws and regulations may materially and adversely affect our business.” Recently, the PRC government initiated a series of regulatory actions and statements to regulate business operations in China with little advance notice, including cracking down on illegal activities in the securities market, enhancing supervision over China-based companies listed overseas using variable interest entity structure, adopting new measures to extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews, and expanding the efforts in anti-monopoly enforcement. Since these statements and regulatory actions are new, it is highly uncertain how soon legislative or administrative regulation making bodies will respond and what existing or new laws or regulations or detailed implementations and interpretations will be modified or promulgated, if any, and the potential impact such modified or new laws and regulations will have on our daily business operation, the ability to accept foreign investments and list on an U.S. exchange.

Permission Required from the PRC Authorities for the VIEs’ Operation

We are currently not required to obtain permission from any of the PRC authorities to operate and issue our Ordinary Shares to foreign investors. In addition, we, our subsidiaries, or the VIEs are not required to obtain permission or approval from the PRC authorities including CSRC or Cyberspace Administration of China for the VIEs’ operation, nor have we, our subsidiaries, or VIEs applied for or received any denial for the VIEs’ operation. The General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council jointly issued the “Opinions on Severely Cracking Down on Illegal Securities Activities According to Law” (the “Opinions”), which were made available to the public on July 6, 2021. The Opinions emphasized the need to strengthen administration over illegal securities activities and the need to strengthen supervision with respect to overseas listings of Chinese companies. The Opinions and any related implementing rules to be enacted may subject us to compliance requirements in the future. Given the current regulatory environment in the PRC, we are still subject to the uncertainty of different interpretation and enforcement of the rules and regulations in the PRC adverse to us, which may be announced or implemented with little or no advance notice. If we were required to obtain approval in the future, any failure to obtain such approval may materially and adversely impact our results of operations, may limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors, and/or may cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless.

Under the VIE Agreements, as a legal matter, if the VIEs or the Registered Shareholders fail to perform their respective obligations under the VIE Agreements, we may have to incur substantial costs and expend significant resources to enforce those arrangements and resort to litigation or arbitration and rely on legal remedies under PRC laws. These remedies may include seeking specific performance or injunctive relief and claiming damages, any of which may not be effective. We may face challenges enforcing these contractual agreements due to legal uncertainties and jurisdictional limits. It is uncertain whether we, as a Cayman Islands exempted limited company, would be able to enforce (directly or through Recon-BJ) the VIE Agreements with the Domestic Companies in a court of law in China, either in in an action directly in China or in seeking to enforce a foreign judgment in China. The costs of seeking to enforce such VIE Agreements could be substantial, and the outcome of such litigation might not result in Recon enforcing such VIE Agreements. If such VIE Agreements were not enforced, investors in Recon could see the value of their securities decrease in value or become worthless.

Transfer of Cash in the VIEs

We are an exempted limited company incorporated in the Cayman Islands. If we determine to pay dividends on any of our Ordinary Shares in the future, as an exempted limited company, we will be dependent on receipt of funds from our Wholly Foreign Owned Enterprise (“WFOE”). A WFOE is a limited liability company based in the People’s Republic of China but wholly owned by foreign investors. In our instance, Recon Hengda Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd (“Recon-BJ”) is a WFOE wholly owned by Recon Investment Ltd. (“Recon-IN”), a Hong Kong limited company, which in turn is wholly owned by us.

Under the amended and restated Exclusive Technical Consultation and Service Agreements signed between Recon-BJ and the VIEs, Recon-BJ is entitled to 95% of the expected net profits of the VIEs in exchange for providing exclusive technical consulting services to the VIEs. Recon-BJ also bears all the economic risk of losses. Current PRC regulations permit our indirect PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to its shareholders only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, according to the current effective laws in Cayman Islands and Hong Kong, the resident companies could pay dividends to their shareholders. And there are no foreign exchange restrictions on these two areas. Therefore, Recon-BJ can distribute the income obtained under the Contractual Arrangement to Recon-IN in the form of dividends, with Recon-IN in turn distributing such revenues to us in the form of dividends, with we in turn would distribute such revenues to U.S. investors in the form of dividends.

Each VIE has its own operating cash flow. Cash flow between our Company and the VIEs primarily consists of transfers from us to the VIEs for supplemental working capital, which is mainly used in purchase of materials and payment of operating expenses and investments. In addition, the VIEs occasionally make payments on our behalf when we experience a cash shortage. For the fiscal years ended June 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, net cash transferred from the Company to the VIEs was RMB 92,151,863, RMB84,211,565 and RMB69,562,912, respectively. Neither we nor the VIEs have present plans to distribute earnings or settle amounts owed under the Contractual Agreements. Cash in the VIEs are expected to be retained for business growth and operation. No dividends or distributions have been declared to pay to us from our subsidiaries or the VIEs. No dividends or distributions were made to any U.S. investors. For a description of our corporate structure and VIE contractual arrangements, see “Our Corporate Structure.” See also “Risk Factors – Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure.”

U.S. Dollar as the Functional Currency under FASB ASC 830-10-45-4

The functional currency of the Company, as a Cayman Islands entity, is the U.S. Dollar. Management has determined that the intercompany receivable is denominated in U.S. Dollars for several reasons: first, our functional currency (as the Cayman Islands entity) is the U.S. Dollar; and second, the inter-company receivable is ultimately paid in U.S. Dollars. Although transactions involving the Domestic Companies may involve the RMB from time to time, the transactions are ultimately denominated in U.S. Dollars to reflect our functional currency. For these reasons, because our functional currency is the U.S. Dollar, and because the inter-company receivables are ultimately paid in U.S. Dollars, we believe there are no exchange rate fluctuations as the parent company.

Foreign Exchange Risk

Our Domestic Companies, and Recon-BJ classify the RMB as their functional currencies. Because our functional currency, as the Cayman Islands entity, is the U.S. Dollar, we are exposed to foreign exchange risks from fluctuations with the exchange rates among the U.S. Dollar and the RMB. Notwithstanding that Domestic Companies conduct operations and transactions in RMB, we ultimately believe that there should not be any U.S. Dollar/RMB exchange rate fluctuations because the inter-company receivable is denominated in U.S. Dollars. Thus, the transactions and operations reported by the Domestic Companies are ultimately paid in U.S. Dollars as the inter-company receivables, which reflect our functional currency in U.S. Dollars as the parent company. See “Risk Factors – Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure - There are possible economic risks posed by foreign exchange rate fluctuations between the U.S. Dollar and RMB.”

Select Condensed Financial Statements on Consolidated VIEs

The following table below provides a condensed consolidating schedule depicting the financial position, cash flows, and results of operations for the parent, the consolidated VIEs, and any eliminating adjustments separately as of the same dates and for the same periods for which audited consolidated financial statements are required.

SELECTED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

	For the Year Ended June 30, 2025
	Recon
	Technology,
	Ltd.
	(Cayman			“Non-VIE Subsidiaries			VIEs and VIE’s					Consolidated
	Islands)			(Hong Kong and PRC)”			subsidiaries (PRC)			Eliminations		Total
Revenue	¥	—		¥	—		¥	66,285,032		¥	—	¥	66,285,032
Cost of Revenue		—			—			51,044,495			—		51,044,495
Gross Profit		—			—			15,240,537			—		15,240,537
Operating expenses		27,947,713			3,238,542			41,373,994			—		72,560,249
Loss from operations		(27,947,713	)		(3,238,542	)		(26,133,457	)		—		(57,319,712	)
Other income, net		8,956,425			2,373,646			2,289,944			—		13,620,015
Loss from subsidiaries		—			(22,732,400	)		—			22,732,400		—
Loss from VIEs		(23,597,266	)		—			—			23,597,266		—
Income tax expenses		—			(30	)		1,610			—		1,580
Net loss		(42,588,554	)		(23,597,266	)		(23,845,123	)		46,329,666		(43,701,277	)
Non-controlling interest		—			—			(1,112,723	)		—		(1,112,723	)
Net Loss Attributable to Recon Technology, Ltd	¥	(42,588,554	)	¥	(23,597,266	)	¥	(22,732,400	)	¥	46,329,666	¥	(42,588,554	)

	For the Year Ended June 30, 2024
	Recon
	Technology,
	Ltd.
	(Cayman			“Non-VIE Subsidiaries			VIEs and VIE’s					Consolidated
	Islands)			(Hong Kong and PRC)”			subsidiaries (PRC)			Eliminations		Total
Revenue	¥	—		¥	—		¥	68,854,280		¥	—	¥	68,854,280
Cost of Revenue		—			135,705			47,841,131			—		47,976,836
Gross Profit		—			(135,705	)		21,013,149			—		20,877,444
Operating expenses		44,012,602			3,200,926			45,301,827			—		92,515,355
Loss from operations		(44,012,602	)		(3,336,631	)		(24,288,678	)		—		(71,637,911	)
Other income (expenses), net		16,452,789			(778,939	)		4,528,251			—		20,202,101
Loss from subsidiaries		—			(18,195,846	)		—			18,195,846		—
Loss from VIEs		(22,311,446	)		—			—			22,311,446		—
Income tax expenses		—			30			—			—		30
Net loss		(49,871,259	)		(22,311,446	)		(19,760,427	)		40,507,292		(51,435,840	)
Non-controlling interest		—			—			(1,564,581	)		—		(1,564,581	)
Net Loss Attributable to Recon Technology, Ltd	¥	(49,871,259	)	¥	(22,311,446	)	¥	(18,195,846	)	¥	40,507,292	¥	(49,871,259	)

	For the Year Ended June 30, 2023
	Recon
	Technology,
	Ltd.
	(Cayman			“Non-VIE Subsidiaries			VIEs and VIE’s					Consolidated
	Islands)			(Hong Kong and PRC)”			subsidiaries (PRC)			Eliminations		Total
Revenue	¥	—		¥	—		¥	67,114,378		¥	—	¥	67,114,378
Cost of Revenue		—			—			48,247,395			—		48,247,395
Gross Profit		—			—			18,866,983			—		18,866,983
Operating expenses		50,352,631			1,343,355			36,503,732			—		88,199,718
Loss from operations		(50,352,631	)		(1,343,355	)		(17,636,749	)		—		(69,332,735	)
Other income (expenses), net		16,224,783			343,437			(8,693,538	)		—		7,874,682
Loss from subsidiaries		—			(24,039,535	)		—			24,039,535		—
Loss from VIEs		(25,039,453	)		—			—			25,039,453		—
Income tax expenses		—			—			18,339			—		18,339
Net loss		(59,167,301	)		(25,039,453	)		(26,348,626	)		49,078,988		(61,476,392	)
Non-controlling interest		—			—			(2,309,091	)		—		(2,309,091	)
Net Loss Attributable to Recon Technology, Ltd	¥	(59,167,301	)	¥	(25,039,453	)	¥	(24,039,535	)	¥	49,078,988	¥	(59,167,301	)

SELECTED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEETS

	As of June 30, 2025
	Recon
	Technology,
	Ltd.
	(Cayman			Non-VIE Subsidiaries			VIEs and VIE’s						Consolidated
	Islands)			(Hong Kong and PRC)			subsidiaries (PRC)			Eliminations			Total
Cash and cash equivalents	¥	58,938,178		¥	31,449,654		¥	8,486,745		¥	—		¥	98,874,577
Restricted cash		—			—			8,204			—			8,204
Short-term investments		3,599,211			—			—			—			3,599,211
Other current assets		101,882,614			34,282,844			117,510,448			—			253,675,906
Intercompany receivables		467,888,857			162,007,955			—			(629,896,812	)		—
Total current assets		632,308,860			227,740,453			126,005,397			(629,896,812	)		356,157,898
Investments in subsidiaries and VIEs		(162,651,169	)		—			—			162,651,169			—
Benefits through VIEs and VIE’s subsidiaries		—			(149,604,219	)		—			149,604,219			—
Other non-current assets		—			126,551,114			42,912,113			—			169,463,227
Total non-current assets		(162,651,169	)		(23,053,105	)		42,912,113			312,255,388			169,463,227
Total Assets		469,657,691			204,687,348			168,917,510			(317,641,424	)		525,621,125
Intercompany payables		—			364,307,856			265,588,956			(629,896,812	)		—
Other liabilities and accrued liabilities		2,230,173			8,604,069			60,817,136			—			71,651,378
Total Liabilities		2,230,173			372,911,925			326,406,092			(629,896,812	)		71,651,378
Class A ordinary shares, $0.0001 U.S. dollar par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized; 7,987,959 shares and 10,627,426 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2025, respectively*		101,548			—			—			—			101,548
Class B ordinary shares, $0.0001 U.S. dollar par value, 80,000,000 shares authorized; 7,100,000 shares and 20,000,000 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2025, respectively*		14,038			—			—			—			14,038
Additional paid-in capital		692,569,747			—			5,573,408			(5,573,408	)		692,569,747
Retained earnings		(258,751,710	)		(149,564,514	)		(135,721,678	)		285,286,192			(258,751,710	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income		33,493,895			(18,660,063	)		(13,882,541	)		32,542,604			33,493,895
Total Shareholders’ Equity		467,427,518			(168,224,577	)		(144,030,811	)		312,255,388			467,427,518
Non-controlling interests		—			—			(13,457,771	)		—			(13,457,771	)
Total Liabilities and Equity	¥	469,657,691		¥	204,687,348		¥	168,917,510		¥	(317,641,424	)	¥	525,621,125

* Retrospectively restated for the 1-for-18 reverse stock split on May 1, 2024 and change in capital structure on March 29, 2024.

	As of June 30, 2024
	Recon
	Technology,
	Ltd.
	(Cayman			Non-VIE Subsidiaries			VIEs and VIE’s						Consolidated
	Islands)			(Hong Kong and PRC)			subsidiaries (PRC)			Eliminations			Total
Cash and cash equivalents	¥	16,473,018		¥	58,161,122		¥	35,357,534		¥	—		¥	109,991,674
Restricted cash		—			—			848,936			—			848,936
Short-term investments		88,091,794			—			—			—			88,091,794
Other current assets		170,158,947			13,263,107			125,157,390			—			308,579,444
Intercompany receivables		375,736,992			157,821,815			—			(533,558,807	)		—
Total current assets		650,460,751			229,246,044			161,363,860			(533,558,807	)		507,511,848
Investments in subsidiaries and VIEs		(145,408,577	)		—			—			145,408,577			—
Benefits through VIEs and VIE’s subsidiaries		—			(129,879,588	)		—			129,879,588			—
Other non-current assets		—			15,044,379			29,833,287			—			44,877,666
Total non-current assets		(145,408,577	)		(114,835,209	)		29,833,287			275,288,165			44,877,666
Total Assets		505,052,174			114,410,835			191,197,147			(258,270,642	)		552,389,514
Intercompany payables		—			264,135,617			269,423,190			(533,558,807	)		—
Other liabilities and accrued liabilities		2,497,637			432,795			58,525,185			—			61,455,617
Total Liabilities		2,497,637			264,568,412			327,948,375			(533,558,807	)		61,455,617
Class A ordinary shares, $0.0001 U.S. dollar par value,500,000,000 shares authorized; 7,987,959 shares and 7,987,959 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2024, respectively*		99,634			—			—			—			99,634
Class B ordinary shares, $0.0001 U.S. dollar par value, 80,000,000 shares authorized; 7,100,000 shares and 7,100,000 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2024, respectively*		4,693			—			—			—			4,693
Additional paid-in capital		681,476,717			—			4,749,000			(4,749,000	)		681,476,717
Retained earnings		(216,163,156	)		(125,967,252	)		(112,989,285	)		238,956,537			(216,163,156	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income		37,136,649			(24,190,325	)		(16,890,303	)		41,080,628			37,136,649
Total Shareholders’ Equity		502,554,537			(150,157,577	)		(125,130,588	)		275,288,165			502,554,537
Non-controlling interests		—			—			(11,620,640	)		—			(11,620,640	)
Total Liabilities and Equity	¥	505,052,174		¥	114,410,835		¥	191,197,147		¥	(258,270,642	)	¥	552,389,514

* Retrospectively restated for the 1-for-18 reverse stock split on May 1, 2024 and change in capital structure on March 29, 2024.

	As of June 30, 2023
	Recon
	Technology,
	Ltd.
	(Cayman			Non-VIE Subsidiaries			VIEs and VIE’s						Consolidated
	Islands)			(Hong Kong and PRC)			subsidiaries (PRC)			Eliminations			Total
Cash and cash equivalents	¥	54,864,089		¥	11,600,593		¥	37,661,118		¥	—		¥	104,125,800
Restricted cash		—			—			731,545			—			731,545
Short-term investments		184,184,455			—			—			—			184,184,455
Other current assets		77,134,062			35,567			138,201,744			—			215,371,373
Intercompany receivables		291,525,426			156,313,805			—			(447,839,231	)		—
Total current assets		607,708,032			167,949,965			176,594,407			(447,839,231	)		504,413,173
Investments in subsidiaries and VIEs		(122,920,490	)		—			—			122,920,490			—
Benefits through VIEs and VIE’s subsidiaries		—			(111,196,475	)		—			111,196,475			—
Other non-current assets		—			—			27,411,404			—			27,411,404
Total non-current assets		(122,920,490	)		(111,196,475	)		27,411,404			234,116,965			27,411,404
Total Assets		484,787,542			56,753,490			204,005,811			(213,722,266	)		531,824,577
Intercompany payables		—			183,903,309			263,935,922			(447,839,231	)		—
Other liabilities and accrued liabilities		35,580,580			519,671			56,573,423			92,673,674			—
Total Liabilities		35,580,580			184,422,980			320,509,345			(447,839,231	)		92,673,674
Class A ordinary shares, $0.0001 U.S. dollar par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized; 1,704,766 shares and 2,306,295 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2022 and June 30, 2023, respectively*		26,932			—			—			—			26,932
Class B ordinary shares, $0.0001 U.S. dollar par value, 80,000,000 shares authorized; 4,100,000 shares and 7,100,000 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2022 and June 30, 2023, respectively*		4,693			—			—			—			4,693
Additional paid-in capital		580,340,061			—			4,749,000			(4,749,000	)		580,340,061
Retained earnings		(166,291,897	)		(103,655,803	)		(94,793,438	)		198,449,241			(166,291,897	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income		35,127,173			(24,013,687	)		(16,403,037	)		40,416,724			35,127,173
Total Shareholders’ Equity		449,206,962			(127,669,490	)		(106,447,475	)		234,116,965			449,206,962
Non-controlling interests		—			—			(10,056,059	)		—			(10,056,059	)
Total Liabilities and Equity	¥	484,787,542		¥	56,753,490		¥	204,005,811		¥	(213,722,266	)	¥	531,824,577

* Retrospectively restated for the 1-for-18 reverse stock split on May 1, 2024 and change in capital structure on March 29, 2024.

SELECTED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

	For the Year Ended June 30, 2025
	Recon
	Technology,
	Ltd.			Subsidiaries
	(Cayman			(Hong Kong									Consolidated
	Islands)			and PRC)			VIE (PRC)			Eliminations			Total
Net cash used in operating activities	¥	(17,338,325	)	¥	(10,682,873	)	¥	(5,749,976	)		—		¥	(33,771,174	)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		70,015,052			(114,537,192	)		(13,916,739	)		92,151,863			33,712,984
Net cash provided by financing (used in) activities		(2,529,724	)		95,986,095			(4,577,855	)		(92,151,863	)		(3,273,347	)
Effect of exchange rate fluctuation on cash and cash equivalents		(7,681,843	)		2,522,502			(3,466,951	)		—			(8,626,292	)
Net change in cash		42,465,160			(26,711,468	)		(27,711,521	)		—			(11,957,829	)
Opening cash balance		16,473,018			58,161,122			36,206,470

SEC Form F-3 filed by Recon Technology Ltd.