DEF 14A 1 vivakor_def14a.htm DEF 14A

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

SCHEDULE 14A

Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Filed by the Registrant		☒

Filed by a Party other than the Registrant		☐

Check the appropriate box:

☐	Preliminary Proxy Statement

☐	Confidential, For Use of the Commission Only (as Permitted by Rule 14a-6(e)(2))

☒	Definitive Proxy Statement

☐	Definitive Additional Materials

☐	Soliciting Material Pursuant to §240.14a-12

Vivakor, Inc.

(Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

(Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement, if other than the Registrant)

Payment of Filing Fee (Check the appropriate box):

☒	No fee required.

☐	Fee paid previously with preliminary materials.

☐	Fee computed on table in exhibit required by Item 25(b) per Exchange Act Rules 14a- 6(i)(1) and 0-11.

VIVAKOR, INC.

4101 North Thanksgiving Way

Lehi, UT 84043

Tel: (949) 281-2606

Dear Stockholder:

You are cordially invited to attend a Special Meeting of Stockholders (the “Special Meeting”) of Vivakor, Inc., to be held at 489 Highway 609 Delhi, LA 71332 on November 10, 2023, at 2:00 p.m. Eastern.

Your vote is very important, regardless of the number of shares of our common stock that you own. Whether or not you expect to be present at the Special Meeting, after receiving the proxy materials, please vote as promptly as possible to ensure your representation and the presence of a quorum at the Special Meeting. As an alternative to voting during the Special Meeting, you may vote via the Internet, by telephone or by signing, dating and returning the proxy card that is included with the proxy statement. Even if you are planning on attending the Special Meeting online, please promptly submit your proxy vote by completing, dating, signing and returning the enclosed proxy, so that your shares will be represented at the Special Meeting. It is strongly recommended that you complete and return your proxy card before the Special Meeting date to ensure that your shares will be represented at the Special Meeting. Instructions on how to vote your shares are in the accompanying proxy statement and the other proxy materials you received for the Special Meeting. If your shares are held in the name of a broker, trust, bank or other nominee, and you receive these materials through your broker or through another intermediary, please complete and return the materials in accordance with the instructions provided to you by such broker or other intermediary or contact your broker directly in order to obtain a proxy issued to you by your nominee holder to attend the Special Meeting and vote in person. Failure to do so may result in your shares not being eligible to be voted by proxy at the Special Meeting.

Thank you for your support of the Company. I look forward to seeing you at the Special Meeting.

	By Order of the Board of Directors,

	/s/ James Ballengee
	James Ballengee
	Chief Executive Officer
	September 25, 2023

VIVAKOR, INC.

4101 North Thanksgiving Way

Lehi, UT 84043

Tel: (949) 281-2606

NOTICE OF SPECIAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS

TO BE HELD ON November 10, 2023

A Special Meeting of Stockholders (the “Special Meeting”) of Vivakor, Inc., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), will be held at 489 Highway 609 Delhi, LA 71332, on November 10, 2023, at 2:00 p.m. Eastern. We will consider and act on the following items of business at the Special Meeting:

1. To approve, pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(d), the issuance of a number of shares of the Company’s common stock pursuant to Membership Interest Purchase Agreement (the “Acquisition Agreement”) entered into on June 15, 2022, by and among the Company and Jorgan Development, LLC, a Louisiana limited liability company (“Jorgan”) and JBAH Holdings, LLC, a Texas limited liability company (“JBAH” and, together with Jorgan, the “Sellers”), including the issuance of such shares upon the conversion of promissory notes issued pursuant to the Acquisition Agreement, as amended on October 28, 2022, which could, under certain circumstances that may occur in the future, exceeding 19.99% of the number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding as of the date of the Acquisition Agreements (the “Acquisition Stock Issuance”);

2. To approve, pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(c) and 5635(d), the annual compensation of $1,000,000 payable in shares of the Company’s common stock to James Ballengee (the “CEO Compensation Shares”) pursuant to an executive employment agreement (the “Employment Agreement”) entered into on October 28, 2022, by and among the Company and James Ballengee with respect to the Company’s appointment of Mr. Ballengee as Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the board of directors of the Company; the CEO Compensation Shares will be priced at the volume weighted average price (VWAP) for the five trading days preceding the date of the Employment Agreement and each anniversary thereof (the “CEO Compensation Shares Issuance”), subject to satisfaction of Nasdaq rules, the provisions of the Company’s equity incentive plan and other applicable requirements and shall be accrued if such issuance is due prior to satisfaction of such requirements;

3. To approve the Vivakor, Inc. 2023 Equity and Incentive Plan (the “Plan”), which provides equity-based incentive awards, in a total of 40,000,000 authorized shares of the company’s common stock, to the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ employees, directors and consultants, thereby continuing to align the interests of such individuals with those of the stockholders;

4. To approve amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Company (the “Amendment to Articles”) with respect to the forum selection provisions, substantially in the form attached hereto as Annex I.

5. To approve the increase of the number of shares the Company is authorized to issue to 200 million in the proposed Amendment to Articles, substantially in the form attached hereto as Annex I.

6. To authorize the adjournment of the Special Meeting, if necessary or appropriate, to solicit additional proxies if there are not sufficient votes to approve and adopt the proposal listed above; and

Such other matters as may properly come before the Special Meeting or any adjournment(s) or postponement(s) thereof.

Stockholders are referred to the accompanying proxy statement for more detailed information with respect to the matters to be considered at the Special Meeting. After careful consideration, the Board of Directors unanimously recommends a vote “FOR” Proposals 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.

The Board of Directors has fixed the close of business on September 22, 2023, as the record date (the “Record Date”) for the Special Meeting. Only holders of record of shares of our common stock on the Record Date are entitled to receive notice of the Special Meeting and to vote at the Special Meeting or at any postponement(s) or adjournment(s) of the Special Meeting. A complete list of registered stockholders entitled to vote at the Special Meeting will be available for examination during normal business hours for ten calendar days before the Special Meeting at our address above.

YOUR VOTE AND PARTICIPATION IN THE COMPANY’S AFFAIRS ARE IMPORTANT.

If your shares are registered in your name, even if you plan to attend the Special Meeting or any postponement or adjournment of the Special Meeting in person, we request that you complete, date, sign and mail the enclosed form of proxy in accordance with the instructions set out in the form of proxy and in the proxy statement to ensure that your shares will be represented at the Special Meeting.

If your shares are held in the name of a broker, trust, bank or other nominee, and you receive these materials through your broker or through another intermediary, please complete and return the materials in accordance with the instructions provided to you by such broker or other intermediary or contact your broker directly in order to obtain a proxy issued to you by your nominee holder to attend the Special Meeting and vote in person. Failure to do so may result in your shares not being eligible to be voted by proxy at the Special Meeting.

	By Order of the Board of Directors,

	/s/ James Ballengee
	James Ballengee
	Chief Executive Officer
	September 25, 2023

VIVAKOR, INC.

4101 North Thanksgiving Way

Lehi, UT 84043

Tel: (949) 281-2606

PROXY STATEMENT
FOR SPECIAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS
TO BE HELD ON NOVEMBER 10, 2023

ABOUT THIS PROXY STATEMENT		1

GENERAL INFORMATION		2

PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS		4

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS		6

PROPOSAL 1. APPROVAL OF ACQUISITION STOCK ISSUANCE		7

PROPOSAL 2. APPROVAL OF CEO COMPENSATION SHARES ISSUANCE		11

PROPOSAL 3. APPROVAL OF THE ADOPTION OF VIVAKOR, INC. 2023 EQUITY AND INCENTIVE PLAN		13

PROPOSAL 4. APPROVAL OF AMENDMENT TO ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION TO AMEND FEDERAL FORUM SELECTION PROVISION		16

PROPOSAL 5. APPROVAL OF AMENDMENT TO ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION TO INCREASE AUTHORIZED NUMBER OF SHARES		18

PROPOSAL 6. ADJOURNMENT		20

STOCKHOLDERS’ PROPOSALS		21

HOUSEHOLDING OF SPECIAL MEETING MATERIALS		21

OTHER MATTERS		22

Annex I		I-1

Annex II		II-1

Annex III		III-1

Annex IV		IV-1

ABOUT THIS PROXY STATEMENT

This proxy statement is furnished in connection with the solicitation of proxies from the stockholders of Vivakor, Inc., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), to be voted at our special meeting of Stockholders (the “Special Meeting”) at 489 Highway 609 Delhi, LA 71332. YOUR PROXY IS SOLICITED BY VIVAKOR, INC.’S BOARD OF DIRECTORS. If not otherwise specified, all proxies received pursuant to this solicitation will be voted “FOR” the proposals as specified in this proxy statement and, at the discretion of the proxy holder, upon such other matters as may properly come before the Special Meeting or any adjournment thereof. This proxy statement (including the Notice of Special Meeting of Stockholders) is first being made available to stockholders beginning on or before September 25, 2023. This proxy statement and its exhibits, the Notice of Special Meeting, proxy card, and stockholder letter are collectively referred to herein as the “Meeting Materials.”

Proxy Voting

Stockholders of record on the record date are entitled to vote by proxy before the meeting in the following ways:

HOW TO CAST YOUR VOTE:

Internet	Mail	In-Person
Go to www.proxyvote.com: You can use the Internet 24 hours a day, through November 9, 2023 at 11:59 PM Eastern Time, to transmit your voting instructions. Have your proxy card or Notice in hand when you access the web site and follow the instructions.	If you received a printed copy of the proxy materials, you may submit your vote by completing, signing and dating your proxy card and returning it in the prepaid envelope to Vote Processing, c/o Broadridge, 51 Mercedes Way, Edgewood, New York 11717.	If you attend the Special Meeting, you may vote by delivering your completed proxy card in person or you may vote by completing a ballot. Ballots will be available at the meeting.

Solicitation/Cost of the Meeting

Proxies are being solicited by the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”). The costs of the solicitation will be borne by the Company. Proxies may be solicited personally or by mail, telephone, facsimile or email by directors, officers and employees of the Company, none of whom will receive any additional compensation for such solicitations. The Company will reimburse banks, brokers, nominees, custodians and fiduciaries for their reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in sending the Meeting Materials to beneficial owners of the Company’s shares.

VIVAKOR, INC.

4101 North Thanksgiving Way

Lehi, UT 84043

Tel: (949) 281-2606

PROXY STATEMENT

SPECIAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS

TO BE HELD ON NOVEMBER 10, 2023

GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE PROXY

STATEMENT AND SPECIAL MEETING

General

This Proxy Statement is being furnished to the shareholders of Vivakor, Inc. in connection with the solicitation of proxies by the Board for use at the Special Meeting of Shareholders to be held on November 10, 2023 at 2:00 p.m. Eastern or any adjournment or postponement of the Special Meeting (the “Special Meeting”) for the purposes set forth in the accompanying Notice of Special Meeting of Shareholders. Accompanying this Proxy Statement is a proxy/voting instruction form (the “Proxy”) for the Special Meeting, which you may use to indicate your vote as to the proposals described in this Proxy Statement. It is contemplated that this Proxy Statement and the accompanying form of Proxy will be first mailed to our shareholders on or about September 25, 2023.

Voting Securities

Only shareholders of record as of the close of business on September 22, 2023 (the “Record Date”) will be entitled to vote at the Special Meeting and any adjournment or postponement thereof. As of September 22, 2023, there were 18,219,582 shares of common stock (“Common Stock”), issued and outstanding and entitled to vote, representing approximately 538 active holders of record, not including holders who maintain their stock ownership in street name, with each share of Common Stock entitled to one vote. Shareholders may vote in person or by proxy. The presence in person or by proxy of the holders of a majority of the total voting power of the issued and outstanding Common Stock is necessary to constitute a quorum at this meeting. In the absence of a quorum at the meeting, the meeting may be postponed or adjourned from time to time without notice, other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum is formed. The enclosed Proxy reflects the number of shares that you are entitled to vote.

The affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast by the shares of Common Stock shares present at the meeting, in person or by proxy, and entitled to vote is required to approve the Acquisition Stock Issuance, CEO Compensation Shares, the Plan, the forum selection provision and the authorized capital stock provision in the Amendment to Articles, and adjournment (together the “Proposals”).

Votes shall be counted by one or more persons who shall serve as the inspectors of election. The inspectors of election will canvas the shareholders present in person at the meeting, count their votes and count the votes represented by proxies presented. For purposes of determining the votes cast with respect to any matter presented for consideration at the meeting, only those votes cast “FOR” or “AGAINST” are included. However, if a proxy is signed but no specification is given, the shares will be voted “FOR” the Proposals. Abstentions are counted as “shares present” at the meeting for purposes of determining the presence of a quorum, while broker non-votes (which result when a broker holding shares for a beneficial owner has not received timely voting instructions on certain matters from such beneficial owner) are not considered “shares present” with respect to any matter. Abstentions will operate in the same manner as a vote against such proposal.

Shareholders List

For a period of at least ten days prior to the Special Meeting, a complete list of shareholders entitled to vote at the Special Meeting will be available at the principal executive offices of the Company located at 4101 North Thanksgiving Way, Lehi, UT 84043 so that shareholders of record may inspect the list only for proper purposes.

Voting of Proxies

All valid proxies received prior to the Special Meeting will be voted. The Board of Directors recommends that you vote by proxy even if you plan to attend the Special Meeting. To vote by proxy, you must fill out the enclosed proxy card, sign and date it, and return it in the enclosed postage-paid envelope or go to www.proxyvote.com to place your vote online. Voting by proxy will not limit your right to vote at the Special Meeting if you attend the Special Meeting and vote in person. However, if your shares are held in the name of a bank, broker or other holder of record, you must obtain a proxy executed in your favor, from the holder of record to be able to vote at the Special Meeting.

If you are a shareholder of record, you may vote by one of the following methods without attending the Special Meeting:

	●	By Internet: you may vote over the Internet at www.proxyvote.com by following the instructions on the proxy card. Internet voting facilities will be available 24 hours a day and will close at 11:59 p.m., Eastern Standard Time, on November 9, 2023.

	●	By Mail: you may authorize your proxy by completing, signing and dating your proxy card and returning it in the reply envelope or return it to c/o Broadridge, 51 Mercedes Way, Edgewood, New York 11717.

	●	In-Person: if you attend the Special Meeting, you may vote by delivering your completed proxy card in person or you may vote by completing a ballot. Ballots will be available at the meeting.

If you are a street name shareholder, you will receive voting instructions from your broker, bank or other nominee. You must follow the voting instructions provided by your broker, bank or other nominee in order to instruct your broker, bank or other nominee on how to vote your shares. Street name shareholders should generally be able to vote by returning an instruction card, or by telephone or on the Internet. However, the availability of telephone and Internet voting will depend on the voting process of your broker, bank or other nominee.

Revocability Of Proxies

All Proxies which are properly completed, signed and returned prior to the Special Meeting, and which have not been revoked, will be voted in favor of the proposals described in this Proxy Statement unless otherwise directed. A shareholder may revoke his or her Proxy at any time before it is voted either by filing with the Secretary of the Company, at its principal executive offices located at 4101 North Thanksgiving Way, Lehi, UT 84043, a written notice of revocation or a duly-executed Proxy bearing a later date or by attending the Special Meeting and voting in person.

Dissenter’s Rights

Holders of our voting securities do not have dissenter’s rights under Nevada law in connection with the proposals contemplated by this Proxy.

Required Vote

Assuming the presence of a quorum at the Special Meeting:

The affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast by the shares of Common Stock shares present at the meeting, in person or by proxy, and entitled to vote is required to approve the Proposals.

Expenses of Solicitation

The Company will pay the cost of preparing, assembling and mailing this proxy-soliciting material, and all costs of solicitation, including certain expenses of brokers and nominees who mail proxy material to their customers or principals.

PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS

The following sets forth information as of September 22, 2023 (the “Determination Date”), regarding the number of shares of our Common Stock beneficially owned by (i) each person that we know beneficially owns more than 5% of our outstanding Common Stock, (ii) each of our directors and named executive officer and (iii) all of our directors and named executive officer as a group.

Beneficial ownership and percentage ownership are determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC. Under these rules, beneficial ownership generally includes any shares as to which the individual or entity has sole or shared voting power or investment power and includes any shares that an individual or entity has the right to acquire beneficial ownership of within 60 days of the Determination Date, through the exercise of any option, warrant or similar right (such instruments being deemed to be “presently exercisable”). In computing the number of shares beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person, shares of our Common Stock that could be issued upon the exercise of presently exercisable options and warrants are considered to be outstanding. These shares, however, are not considered outstanding as of the Determination Date when computing the percentage ownership of each other person.

To our knowledge, except as indicated in the footnotes to the following table, and subject to state community property laws where applicable, all beneficial owners named in the following table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares shown as beneficially owned by them. Percentage of ownership is based on 18,219,582 shares of Common Stock outstanding as of the Determination Date. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each of the shareholders listed below is: c/o Vivakor, Inc., 4101 North Thanksgiving Way, Lehi, UT 84043.

Name and Address of Beneficial Owner	Shares of Common Stock Beneficially Owned		Percentage of Common Stock Beneficially Owned
James H. Ballengee, Chief Executive Officer and Director⁽¹⁾		3,009,552		16.52	%
Tyler Nelson, Chief Financial Officer⁽²⁾		-		*
Daniel Hashim, Chief Scientific Officer⁽³⁾		166,667		*
David Natan, Director		-		*
John R. Harris, Director		-		*
Albert Johnson, Director		-		*
All Officers and Directors as a group (six persons)		3,176,219		17.43	%

5% Beneficial Stockholders
Matthew Nicosia⁽⁴⁾		4,189,405		22.99	%
Everett Monroe⁽⁵⁾		-		-
Daniel O. Ritt Trust⁽⁶⁾		-		-
Peter D’Arruda⁽⁷⁾		-		-

Name and Address of Beneficial Owner	Value of Class B Units of VV RII Beneficially Owned		Percentage of VV RII Class B Units Beneficially Owned
James H. Ballengee, Chief Executive Officer and Director⁽¹⁾		-		-
Tyler Nelson, Chief Financial Officer⁽²⁾		-
Daniel Hashim, Chief Scientific Officer⁽³⁾		-		-
David Natan, Director		-		-
John R. Harris, Director		-		-
Albert Johnson, Director		-		-
All Officers and Directors as a group (six persons)
		-
5% Beneficial Stockholders		-
Matthew Nicosia⁽⁴⁾		-		-
Everett Monroe⁽⁵⁾	$	90,000		7.88	%
Daniel O. Ritt Trust⁽⁶⁾	$	65,000		5.69	%
Peter D’Arruda⁽⁷⁾	$	60,000		5.25	%

*	Less than 1%
(1)	James H. Ballengee’s address is 5151 Beltline Road, Suite 715 Dallas, Texas 75234. Includes 2,979,456 shares of common stock held in the name of Jorgan Development, LLC and 30,096 shares of common stock held in the name of JBAH Holdings, LLC. James Ballengee, in his capacity as sole manager, has sole voting and investment power over both Jorgan Development, LLC and JBAH Holdings, LLC.
(2)	Does not include options to purchase 917,825 shares of common stock
(3)	The 166,667 shares of common stock beneficially owned by Dr. Hashim are directly held by CSS Nanotech Ltd. Dr. Hashim is the Chief Executive Officer of CSS Nanotech Ltd.
(4)	The shares of common stock beneficially owned by Matthew Nicosia includes 4,189,405 shares of common stock held by AKMN Irrevocable Trust and 262 shares of common stock held by Nicosia Family Trust. Matthew Nicosia is the trustee of the AKMN Irrevocable Trust, of which Jonathan Nicosia, Matthew Nicosia’s son, a minor, is the beneficiary. Does not include options to purchase 503,935 shares of common stock.
(5)	Everett Monroe’s address is 5813 114th Street, Lubbock TX 79424.
(6)	Daniel O. Ritt Trust’s address is 168 Dover Pkwy, Stewart Manor, NY 11530.
(7)	Peter D’Arruda’s address is 124 Poppleford Place, Cary, NC 27518.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This proxy statement contains forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements give our current expectations or forecasts of future events. You can identify these statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties and include statements regarding, among other things, our projected revenue and profitability, our growth strategies and opportunity, anticipated trends in our market and our anticipated needs for working capital. They are generally identifiable by use of the words “may,” “will,” “should,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “plans,” “potential,” “projects,” “continuing,” “ongoing,” “expects,” “management believes,” “we believe,” “we intend” or the negative of these words or other variations on these words or comparable terminology.

Examples of forward-looking statements in this proxy statement include, but are not limited to, our expectations regarding anticipated voting and our recent financing that gives rise to the Share Issuance Proposal (as defined herein) Important assumptions relating to the forward-looking statements include, among others, assumptions regarding stockholders submitting valid proxies or attending the meeting and voting in favor of the Share Issuance Proposal, as well as with respect to the other Proposals described in this proxy statement. These statements are based on our management’s expectations, beliefs and assumptions concerning future events affecting us, which in turn are based on currently available information. These assumptions could prove inaccurate. Although we believe that these forward-looking statements are reasonable, our expectations may prove to be incorrect.

We operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. Although the forward-looking statements in this proxy statement are based on assumptions management believes are reasonable, we cannot guarantee their accuracy. Should risks or uncertainties materialize or should any of the assumptions made by our management prove incorrect, actual events and results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements. Further, forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and except as required by law, we do not undertake to update or revise any of the forward-looking statements to conform these statements to actual results, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this proxy statement.

PROPOSAL 1. APPROVAL OF ACQUISITION STOCK ISSUANCE

The Board approved and is seeking stockholder approval of the Acquisition Stock Issuance, pursuant to a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement (the “Acquisition Agreement”). This summary is not intended to be complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, reference to the Acquisition Agreement.

On June 15, 2022, the Company entered into the Acquisition Agreement, with Jorgan Development, LLC, a Louisiana limited liability company (“Jorgan”) and JBAH Holdings, LLC, a Texas limited liability company (“JBAH” and, together with Jorgan, the “Sellers”), as the equity holders of Silver Fuels Delhi, LLC, a Louisiana limited liability company (“SFD”) and White Claw Colorado City, LLC, a Texas limited liability company (“WCCC”) whereby, at closing, which occurred on August 1, 2022, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding membership interests in each of SFD and WCCC (the “Membership Interests”), making SFD and WCCC wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company (the “Acquisition”). The purchase price for the Membership Interests is approximately $37.4 million, subject to post-closing adjustments, and was paid by the Company to the Sellers in a combination of 3,009,552 shares of the Common Stock valued at an aggregate of $4,278,655, (the “Purchaser Stock Consideration”), secured three-year promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $28,664,284 (the “Notes”), and the assumption of certain liabilities of SFD and WCCC. The shares of the Company’s Common Stock and the Notes will have an aggregate value of approximately $32,942,939.

We have prepared a balance sheet and statement of operations comparing the audited or reviewed historical performance of Vivakor (without SFD and WCCC), SFD as a standalone, and WCCC as a standalone in their own respective columns. We have also included a column showing any eliminating entries upon consolidation of SFD and WCCC, and the final consolidated company which agree to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ened December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on May 25, 2023, and the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2023, filed with the SEC on August 21, 2023. We have done this for the year ended December 31, 2022 and for the six months ended June 30, 2023 (see attached Annex III and Annex IV, tabs: Proxy Balance Sheet, and Proxy PL). The acquisition purchase is included in this presentation, including goodwill, intellectual property acquired, and consideration for the acquisition (equity/debt, interest expense, amortization expense, and cash payments made on the debt since the acquisition closed on August 1, 2022).

On October 28, 2022, following the Acquisition and in connection with the Employment Agreement (as defined below), the Company and the Sellers entered into an agreement amending the Notes (the “Note Amendment”), as soon as is practicable, following and subject to the approval of the Company’s shareholders, and provided there are no applicable prohibitions under the rules of the Nasdaq or other restrictions, the Company will issue 7,042,254 restricted shares of the Company’s Common Stock (the “Note Payment Shares”) in exchange for the forgiveness and cancellation of $10,000,000 of principal under the Notes on a pro rata basis, reflecting a conversion price of $1.42 per share (the “Note Payment”). 6,971,831 shares will be issued to Jorgan and $9,900,000 of principal owed to Jorgan will be cancelled and 70,423 shares will be issued to JBAH and $100,000 of principal owed to JBAH will be cancelled.

The shares of Common Stock comprising the Purchaser Stock Consideration and Note Payment Shares (collectively, the “Acquisition Stock Issuance”) represented approximately 16.6% of the number of issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s Common Stock immediately prior to issuance and were valued at the volume-weighted average price for the Company’s Common Stock on Nasdaq during the five trading days immediately preceding the closing date. In conjunction with the closing, Sellers entered into lock-up agreements for a period of up to 18 months with regard to the Purchaser Stock Consideration.

Jorgan Development, LLC was the manager of SFD and WCCC at the time the Company purchased such entities. James Ballengee, the Company’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, is the sole manager of Jorgan Development, LLC and is the principal beneficiary of the trust that owns Jorgan Development, LLC.

The Acquisition Agreement contains customary representations and warranties, pre- and post-closing covenants of each party and customary closing conditions. The Acquisition Agreement contains certain provisions by which the Company has agreed to file a registration statement with the SEC for the resale of the shares of Company common stock issuable to the Sellers and to use its best efforts to have the registration statement declared effective as soon thereafter as practical. The registration statement must be on Form S-1 or any other available form (the “Registration Statement”) for an offering to be made on a continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 of the Securities Act or any successor thereto registering the resale from time to time by Sellers of all the shares of Company common stock issuable to the Sellers, and to the extent practicable, additional shares of Unrestricted Common Stock which may be utilized by the Company to make payments in accordance with the terms of the promissory notes. The Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to cause the Registration Statement to be declared effective by the SEC as soon as possible after filing (the date on which the Registration Statement becomes effective, the “Effectiveness Date”). During the period beginning on the Effectiveness Date and for a period of one (1) year following the Effectiveness Date, the Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to keep the Registration Statement continuously effective and to be supplemented and amended to the extent necessary to ensure that such Registration Statement is available or, if not available, to ensure that another registration statement is available, under the Securities Act at all times until all of the Purchaser Stock Consideration has been disposed of in accordance with the intended methods of distribution set forth in such Registration Statement. The Registration Statement filed with the SEC shall contain a prospectus in such form as to permit each Seller to sell such Seller’s pro rata portion of the Purchaser Stock Consideration pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act (or any successor or similar provision adopted by the SEC then in effect) at any time beginning on the Effectiveness Date, and shall provide that the Purchaser Stock Consideration may be sold pursuant to any method or combination of methods legally available to, and requested by, Sellers. Prior to filing a Registration Statement or prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, the Company shall furnish to Sellers and their legal counsel, copies of such Registration Statement as proposed to be filed, each amendment and supplement to such Registration Statement (in each case including all exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein), the prospectus included in such Registration Statement (including each preliminary prospectus), and such other documents as Sellers or their legal counsel may reasonably request in order to facilitate the disposition of the Purchaser Stock Consideration, and provide each Seller the opportunity to object to any information pertaining to such Seller and its plan of distribution that is contained therein and make the corrections reasonably requested by such Seller with respect to such information prior to filing such Registration Statement or such other registration statement or supplement or amendment thereto; provided, however, each Seller shall provide such objections and/or corrections within five (5) days of receipt of such Registration Statement. The Company shall also prepare and file a supplemental listing application with Nasdaq to list the Purchaser Stock Consideration covered by the Registration Statement and shall use reasonable best efforts to have the Purchaser Stock Consideration approved for listing on Nasdaq by the date of effectiveness of the Registration Statement, subject only to official notice of issuance. The Company shall notify Sellers in writing of the effectiveness of the Registration Statement as soon as practicable, and in any event within one (1) Business Day after the Effectiveness Date, and shall furnish to them, without charge, such number of copies of the Registration Statement (including any amendments, supplements and exhibits), the prospectus contained therein (including each preliminary prospectus and all related amendments and supplements) and any documents incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement or such other documents as Sellers may reasonably request in order to facilitate the sale of the Purchaser Stock Consideration in the manner described in the Registration Statement. Failure to comply with the aforementioned provisions regarding the filing and effectiveness of a registration statement may subject the Company to a potential contractual breach which may require remediation and even indemnification by the Company to the Sellers.

The principal amount of the Notes, together with any and all accrued and unpaid interest thereon, will be paid to the Sellers on a monthly basis in an amount equal to the Monthly Free Cash Flow which began on September 20, 2022, and continuing thereafter on the twentieth (20th) calendar day of each calendar month thereafter, as set forth in the Acquisition Agreement.

Without in any way limiting the foregoing, the then outstanding principal amount of the Notes, together with any and all accrued and unpaid interest thereon, will be due and payable in full in cash or unrestricted Common Stock of the Company on or prior to the three-year anniversary of the date of issuance, as set forth in the Acquisition Agreement. Under the Acquisition Agreement, the Company has committed to make the Threshold Payment Amount to Sellers on or before the 18-month anniversary of the closing date. “Threshold Payment Amount” means an amount remitted to Sellers, collectively, equal to $16,471,469.50, solely and exclusively as the sum of (a) any payments of principal to Sellers under the Notes, whether in cash or unrestricted common stock, and (b) the value of any other unrestricted common stock issued to Sellers, including any Purchaser Stock Consideration which may become unrestricted common stock. The Threshold Payment is subject to adjustment in connection with any working capital or similar adjustments to the purchase price.

The obligations of the Company under the Acquisition Agreement are secured by the membership units of SFD and WCCC.

The timely and full payment of any and all principal, interest and other amounts due and owing to the Sellers pursuant to the Notes and the other transaction documents and the payment of any and all other obligations owed to the Sellers by the Company under the Notes or thereunder are guaranteed solely by, and to the extent set forth in, the guaranty agreements between each of the Sellers and SFD and WCCC.

Given the foregoing, we are seeking stockholder approval under this Proposal, to comply with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(d), to issue more than 20% of our outstanding Common Stock to the Sellers under the terms of the Acquisition Agreement and the Notes issued in connection with the Acquisition to allow for the full issuance of shares of Common Stock and Note Payment Shares to the Seller.

Any transaction requiring approval by our stockholders under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(d) would likely result in a significant increase in the number of shares of our Common Stock outstanding, and, as a result, our current stockholders will own a smaller percentage of our then-outstanding shares of Common Stock.

The Acquisition Stock Issuance may cause a reduction in the percentage interests of our current stockholders in the voting power, any liquidation value, our book and market value, and in any future earnings. Further, the issuance or resale of our Common Stock comprising the Purchaser Stock Consideration and Note Payment could cause the market price of our Common Stock to decline. The increased number of issued shares could discourage the possibility of, or render more difficult, certain mergers, tender offers, proxy contests or other change of control or ownership transactions.

Consequences of Not Approving the Share Issuance Proposal

If our stockholders do not approve this Proposal, the Note Payment Shares will not be issued. As a result, we will have to pay the principal amount of the Notes, together with all accrued interest due thereon, on a monthly basis in an amount equal to the Monthly Free Cash Flow (as defined below) beginning September 20, 2022 and continuing thereafter on each successive payment date. Monthly Free Cash Flow means, for any calendar month, an amount equal to the cash proceeds received by the Company from the product of (a) the sum of (i) the Company’s gross revenue (including service revenue, rents, inventory sales and any other revenues agreed upon in writing by the parties), in each case determined in accordance with GAAP and derived from the Company’s monthly unaudited financial statements prepared in the ordinary course of business, minus (ii) the Company’s operating expenses (excluding all interest expense, amortization, and depreciation), selling, general and administrative expenses, capital expenditures (including, but not limited to, maintenance capital expenditures and expenditures for personal protective equipment and additions to the property, plant, and equipment, including but not limited to the land, current facilities, and pipeline connections) and costs of goods sold, in each case determined in accordance with GAAP and derived from the Company’s monthly unaudited financial statements prepared in the ordinary course of business, plus (iii) the net proceeds of any dispositions of property, plant, equipment or other assets of the Company, in each case determined in accordance with GAAP and derived from Company’s monthly unaudited financial statements prepared in the ordinary course of business, minus (iv) any payments on capital lease obligations of the Company, in each case determined in accordance with GAAP and derived from Company’s monthly unaudited financial statements prepared in the ordinary course of business, and minus (v) any extraordinary expenses incurred by the Company (or by the Issuer for the benefit of the Company) that are approved in writing by the Holder, multiplied by (b) ninety-nine percent (99%); provided, however, that the Monthly Free Cash Flow shall be calculated so as to eliminate the effect of: (A) premiums and other payments in excess of principal and accrued interest associated with the retirement of debt (including, without limitation, payments of income taxes incurred in connection therewith); and (B) tax payments or benefits associated with gains or losses on business divestitures in calculating net cash from operating activities. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the principal balance of the Notes is $27,590,686 and $27,997,709, respectively. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the accrued interest balance of the Notes is $452,283 and $247,913, respectively. If our stockholders do not approve this Proposal and we are unable to meet the payment obligations under the Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, we will be in default which means that the Company may be potentially exposed to actions such as involuntary proceedings or petitions filed seeking (i) liquidation, reorganization or other relief in respect of the Company or any of its debts, or of a substantial part of its assets, under any Debtor Relief Laws or (ii) the appointment of a receiver, trustee, custodian, sequestrator, conservator or similar official for the Company or for a substantial part of its assets. Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an event of default, interest on the Notes will automatically accrue at the default rate, and, in addition to all other rights or remedies the holders may have, at law or in equity, the holders may, in their sole discretion, accelerate full repayment of all principal amounts outstanding, together with accrued interest thereon, including with all reasonable attorneys’ fees, paralegals’ fees and actual costs and expenses incurred by the holders in collecting or enforcing payment

Additional Information

This summary is intended to provide you with basic information concerning the Acquisition Agreement and Acquisition Stock Issuance. The terms of the Acquisition Agreement and Acquisition Stock Issuance are complex and only briefly summarized above. For further information, please refer to the descriptions contained in the Company’s Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 8, 2022 and the transaction documents filed as exhibits to such report. The discussion herein is qualified in its entirety by reference to such filed transaction documents.

Vote Required

The approval of Proposal One requires a quorum of the Company’s stockholders. A quorum will be present at the meeting if the holders of a majority of the shares of stock, issued and outstanding and entitled to vote, are present in person or represented by proxy. To approve Proposal One, holders of a majority of the votes cast on the matter must vote FOR the proposal. Only FOR and AGAINST votes will affect the outcome. Abstentions and broker non-votes will have no effect on the voting of Proposal One.

Proposal One is not a routine matter. Therefore, if your shares are held by your bank, broker or other nominee in street name and you do not vote your shares, your bank, broker or other nominee may not vote your shares on Proposal One.

Recommendation

The Board believes that the Share Issuance Proposal is in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders and, therefore, unanimously recommends that you vote “FOR” the Share Issuance Proposal.

PROPOSAL 2. APPROVAL OF CEO COMPENSATION SHARES ISSUANCE

On October 28, 2022, the Company entered into an executive employment agreement with James Ballengee (the “Employment Agreement”) with respect to the Company’s appointment of Mr. Ballengee as Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board. Pursuant to the Employment Agreement, Mr. Ballengee will receive annual compensation of $1,000,000 payable in shares of the Company’s Common Stock, priced at the volume weighted average price (VWAP) for the five trading days preceding the date of the Employment Agreement and each anniversary thereof (the “CEO Compensation Shares”). The CEO Compensation shall be subject to satisfaction of Nasdaq rules, the provisions of the Company’s equity incentive plan and other applicable requirements and shall be accrued if such issuance is due prior to satisfaction of such requirements (the “CEO Compensation Shares Issuance”). Additionally, Mr. Ballengee shall be eligible for a discretionary performance bonus. The Employment Agreement may be terminated by either party for any or no reason, by providing a five days’ notice of termination.

Pursuant to the Employment Agreement, Mr. Ballengee is granted the right to nominate two additional directors for appointment to the Board in his sole discretion, as well as a third additional director upon issuance of the Note Payment Shares, subject to such directors passing a background check.

The shares of Common Stock comprising the Acquisition Stock Issuance represented approximately 16.6% of the number of issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s Common Stock immediately prior to issuance and were valued at the volume-weighted average price for the Company’s Common Stock on Nasdaq during the five trading days immediately preceding the closing date.

Given the foregoing, we are seeking stockholder approval under this Proposal, to comply with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(d), to issue more than 20% of our outstanding Common Stock to Mr. Ballengee under the terms of the Employment Agreement to allow for the full issuance of CEO Compensation Shares to Mr. Ballengee. The Board has approved and is seeking stockholder approval of the CEO Compensation Shares Issuance, pursuant to the Employment Agreement.

The CEO Compensation Shares Issuance may cause a reduction in the percentage interests of our current stockholders in the voting power, any liquidation value, our book and market value, and in any future earnings. Further, the issuance or resale of our CEO Compensation Shares could cause the market price of our Common Stock to decline. The increased number of issued shares could discourage the possibility of, or render more difficult, certain mergers, tender offers, proxy contests or other change of control or ownership transactions.

Consequences of Not Approving the Share Issuance Proposal

If stockholder approval of the CEO Compensation Shares is received, the Company will be authorized to issue an annual compensation of $1,000,000 payable in shares of the Company’s Common Stock to Mr. Ballengee.

If our stockholders do not approve this Proposal, the CEO Compensation Shares will not be issued. As a result, the Company would be required to pay such amounts in cash.

Additional Information

This summary is intended to provide you with basic information concerning the Employment Agreement and CEO Compensation Shares Issuance. The terms of the Employment Agreement and CEO Compensation Shares Issuance are complex and only briefly summarized above. For further information, please refer to the descriptions contained in the Company’s Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 3, 2022 and the documents filed as exhibits to such report. The discussion herein is qualified in its entirety by reference to such filed transaction documents.

Vote Required

The approval of Proposal Two requires a quorum of the Company’s stockholders. A quorum will be present at the meeting if the holders of a majority of the shares of stock, issued and outstanding and entitled to vote, are present in person or represented by proxy. To approve Proposal Two, holders of a majority of the votes cast on the matter must vote FOR the proposal. Only FOR and AGAINST votes will affect the outcome. Abstentions and broker non-votes will have no effect on the voting of Proposal One.

Proposal Two is not a routine matter. Therefore, if your shares are held by your bank, broker or other nominee in street name and you do not vote your shares, your bank, broker or other nominee may not vote your shares on Proposal Two.

PROPOSAL 3. APPROVAL OF THE ADOPTION OF VIVAKOR, INC. 2023 EQUITY AND INCENTIVE PLAN

The Board has adopted and is seeking stockholder approval of Vivakor, Inc. 2023 Equity and Incentive Plan. This summary is not intended to be complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, reference to the Vivakor, Inc. 2023 Equity and Incentive Plan (the “Plan”), a copy of which is attached to this proxy statement as Annex II.

The Board has determined that it is advisable to provide equity-based incentive awards to the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ employees, directors and consultants, thereby continuing to align the interests of such individuals with those of the stockholders. Accordingly, on September 5, 2023, the Plan was approved by our Board, subject to shareholder approval. The Plan authorizes the issuance of up to 40,000,000 shares.

Summary of Material Features of the Plan

The following is a summary of the material features of the Plan, which is qualified in its entirety by reference to the actual text of the Plan.

Eligibility. The Plan provides for the grant of equity awards to the officers, employees, directors, consultants and other key persons of the Company and our subsidiaries selected from time to time by our Compensation Committee of the Board. The Compensation Committee will determine in its sole and absolute discretion the specific individuals eligible to participate in the Plan. As of August31, 2023, we had approximately 10 employees and five directors. The Company also employs consultants to supplement its operational activities.

Awards. Awards under the Plan may take the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted stock awards, unrestricted stock awards, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), and other share-based awards, or any combination of the foregoing (each, an “award” and collectively, “awards”).

Shares Available. Subject to the adjustment provisions discussed below under “Adjustments,” the total number of shares that may be issued under the Plan is 40,000,000.

Plan Administration. Our Compensation Committee of the Board will administer the Plan at the time we add additional independent directors. Until then the Board will administer the Plan. The Board and the Compensation Committee are referred to as the “Administrator.” The Administrator will be authorized to grant awards under the Plan, to interpret the provisions of the Plan and to prescribe, amend and rescind rules relating to the Plan or any award thereunder. It is anticipated that the Administrator (either generally or with respect to specific transactions) will be constituted so as to comply, as necessary or desirable, with the requirements of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”) and Rule 16b-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act.

Stock Options. The Plan permits the granting of “incentive stock options” meeting the requirements of Section 422 of the Code, and “nonqualified stock options” that do not meet such requirements. The term of each option is determined by the Compensation Committee and shall not exceed ten years after the date of grant. Options may also be subject to restrictions on exercise, such as exercise in periodic installments, as determined by the Administrator. In general, the per share exercise price for options must be at least equal to 100% of the fair market value of the underlying shares on the date of the grant, unless the option is intended to be compliant with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code. All 40,000,000 shares authorized for issuance under the Plan shall be available for issuance in respect of incentive stock options.

Stock Appreciation Rights. The Plan permits the granting of SARs. The Administrator will determine any vesting schedules and the terms and conditions of each grant. Upon the exercise of a SAR, the recipient is entitled to receive from the Company an amount in cash or shares with a fair market value equal to the appreciation in the value of the shares subject to the SAR over a specified reference price. The reference price per share of any SAR will not be less than 100% of the fair market value per share of Company Common Stock on the date of the grant of the SAR, unless the SAR is intended to be compliant with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code.

Restricted Stock Awards. The Administrator may award restricted stock under the Plan. Restricted stock gives a participant the right to receive stock subject to a risk of forfeiture based upon certain conditions. The forfeiture restrictions on the shares may be based upon performance standards, length of service and/or other criteria as the Compensation Committee may determine. Until all restrictions are satisfied, lapsed or waived, we will maintain custody over the restricted stock, but the participant will be able to vote the shares and will be entitled to all distributions paid with respect to the shares (but see below, under the heading “No Current Dividends on Unvested Awards” with respect to the treatment of dividends while the shares remain unvested). During the period in which shares are restricted, the restricted stock may not be sold, assigned, transferred, pledged or otherwise encumbered. Upon termination of employment, the participant will forfeit the restricted stock to the extent the applicable vesting requirements have not by then been met.

Unrestricted Stock Awards. The Administrator may award unrestricted stock under the Plan. Unrestricted stock may be granted in respect of past services or other valid consideration, or in lieu of cash compensation due to such grantee.

Restricted Stock Units. The Plan provides that the Administrator may grant restricted stock units (“RSUs”), which represent the right to receive shares following the satisfaction of specified conditions. The Administrator will determine any vesting schedules and the other terms of each grant of RSUs. A participant will not have the rights of a stockholder with respect to the shares subject to an RSU award prior to the actual issuance of those shares.

Performance Awards. The Plan provides that the Administrator may grant awards that are contingent upon the achievement of specified performance criteria (“Performance Awards”). Such awards may be payable in cash, shares or other property. The Administrator will determine the terms of Performance Awards, including the performance criteria, length of the applicable performance period, and the time and form of payment.

Other Share-Based Awards. The Plan provides that the Administrator may grant other awards that are payable in, valued in whole or in part by reference to, or otherwise based on or related to shares. All the terms of such other share-based awards will be determined by the Administrator.

No Payment of Dividends Until Awards Vest. Dividends or dividend equivalents payable with respect to Plan awards will be subject to the same vesting terms as the related award.

Adjustments. In the event of any corporate transaction or event such as a stock dividend, extraordinary dividend or other similar distribution (whether in the form of cash, shares, other securities, or other property), reorganization, recapitalization, reclassification, stock dividend, stock split, reverse stock split or other similar change in the Company’s capital stock, the Plan provides that the Administrator will make equitable adjustments to (i) the maximum number of shares reserved for issuance under the Plan, (ii) the number and kind of shares or other securities subject to any then outstanding awards under the Plan, (iii) the repurchase price, if any, per phare subject to each outstanding award, and (iv) the exercise price for each Share subject to any then outstanding Stock Options under the Plan, without changing the aggregate exercise price (i.e., the exercise price multiplied by the number of Stock Options) as to which such Stock Options remain exercisable.

Transferability of Awards. Restricted Stock awards, Stock Options, SARs and, prior to exercise, the shares issuable upon exercise of such Stock Option shall not be transferred other than by will, or by the laws of descent and distribution. The Administrator, however, may allow for the assignment or transfer of an award (other than incentive stock options and restricted stock awards) to a participant’s spouse, children and/or trusts, partnerships, or limited liability companies established for the benefit of the participant’s spouse and/or children, subject in each case to certain conditions on assignment or transfer.

Termination and Amendment. The Board may, at any time, amend or discontinue the Plan and the Compensation Committee may, at any time, amend or cancel any outstanding award for the purpose of satisfying changes in law or for any other lawful purpose, but no such action shall adversely affect rights under any outstanding award without the consent of the holder of the Award. The Compensation Committee may exercise its discretion to reduce the exercise price of outstanding Stock Options or effect repricing through cancellation of outstanding Stock Options and by granting such holders new awards in replacement of the cancelled Stock Options. To the extent determined by the Compensation Committee to be required either by the Code to ensure that Incentive Stock Options granted under the Plan are qualified under Section 422 of the Code or otherwise, Plan amendments shall be subject to approval by the Company stockholders entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders. The Board has the right to amend the Plan and/or the terms of any outstanding Stock Options to the extent reasonably necessary to comply with the requirements of the exemption pursuant to Rule 12h-1 of the Exchange Act.

Treatment of Awards Upon a Sale Event. In the case of and subject to the consummation of a Sale Event (as the term is defined in the Plan), the Plan and all outstanding Stock Options and SARs issued thereunder shall become one hundred percent (100%) vested upon the effective time of any such Sale Event, all unvested Restricted Stock and unvested Restricted Stock Unit Awards issued thereunder shall become one hundred percent (100%) vested, with an equitable or proportionate adjustment as to the number and kind of shares subject to such awards as such parties shall agree, and such Restricted Stock shall be repurchased from the holder thereof at the then fair market value of such shares. In the event of the termination of the Plan, each holder of Stock Options shall be permitted, within a period of time prior to the consummation of the Sale Event as specified by the Administrator, to exercise all such Stock Options or SARs which are then exercisable or will become exercisable as of the effective time of the Sale Event.

Treatment of Termination of Service Relationship. Any portion of a Stock Option or SAR that is not vested and exercisable on the date of termination of an optionee’s service relationship, a grantee’s right in all Restricted Stock Units that have not vested upon the grantee’s cessation of service relationship with the Company and any subsidiary for any reason, shall immediately expire and be null and void, unless otherwise be provided by the Administrator. Once any portion of the Stock Option becomes vested and exercisable, the optionee’s right to exercise such portion of the Stock Option or SAR in the event of a termination of the optionee’s service relationship shall continue until the earliest of: (i) the date which is: (A) 12 months following the date on which the optionee’s Service Relationship terminates due to death or Disability (or such longer period of time as determined by the Committee and set forth in the applicable Award Agreement), or (B) three months following the date on which the optionee’s Service Relationship terminates if the termination is due to any reason other than death or Disability (or such longer period of time as determined by the Committee and set forth in the applicable Award Agreement), or (ii) the expiration date set forth in the award agreement; provided that notwithstanding the foregoing, an award agreement may provide that if the optionee’s service Relationship is terminated for cause, the Stock Option shall terminate immediately and be null and void upon the date of the optionee’s termination and shall not thereafter be exercisable.

Tax Withholding. The Company and its subsidiaries may deduct amounts from participants to satisfy withholding tax requirements arising in connection with Plan awards. The Company’s obligation to deliver stock certificates (or evidence of book entry) to any grantee is subject to and conditioned on any such tax withholding obligations being satisfied by the grantee.

New Plan Benefits

If the Plan is approved by stockholders, awards under the Plan will be determined by the Administrator in its discretion, and it is, therefore, not possible to predict the number, name or positions of persons who will benefit from the Plan or the terms of any such benefits. No grants have been made with respect to the additional shares of Common Stock to be reserved for issuance under the Incentive Plan, as amended. The number of shares of Common Stock that may be granted to executive officers and all employees, including non-executive officers and directors who are employees, and to independent directors is indeterminable at this time, as such grants are subject to the discretion of the Administrator. The Administrator determines and approves the equity-based option compensation for the CEO and all other officers of the Company.

Vote Required

The approval of Proposal Three requires a quorum of the Company’s stockholders. A quorum will be present at the meeting if the holders of a majority of the shares of stock, issued and outstanding and entitled to vote, are present in person or represented by proxy. To approve Proposal Three, holders of a majority of the votes cast on the matter must vote FOR the proposal. Only FOR and AGAINST votes will affect the outcome. Abstentions will have no effect on the voting of Proposal Three.

Proposal Three is a non-routine matter. Therefore, if your shares are held by your brokerage firm in street name and you do not timely provide voting instructions with respect to your shares, your brokerage firm cannot vote your shares on Proposal Three. Shares held in street name by banks, brokerage firms or other nominees who indicate on their proxies that they do not have authority to vote the shares on Proposal Three will not be counted as votes FOR or AGAINST from any nominee. As a result, such “broker non-votes” will have no effect on the voting on Proposal Three.

Recommendation

The Board of Directors unanimously recommends a vote FOR the approval of the amendment to the Incentive Plan increasing the number of shares of Common Stock available thereunder.

PROPOSAL 4. APPROVAL OF AMENDMENT TO ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION TO AMEND FEDERAL FORUM SELECTION PROVISION

The Board has adopted and is seeking stockholder approval the amendment to our Second Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation in the form of Amendment to Articles (the “Amendment to Articles”) to Second Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation (the “Articles of Incorporation”) to amend Article XV of the Articles of Incorporation to provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. We refer to this provision as the federal forum selection provision and to the proposed amendment as the federal forum selection amendment.

If the Amendment to Articles is approved by our stockholders and becomes effective, the federal forum selection provision would be in addition to terms of our existing forum selection provision in Article XV. Our Articles of Incorporation provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by law, and unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Eighth Judicial District Court of Clark County, Nevada, shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for state law claims with respect to: (a) any derivative action or proceeding brought in the name or right of the Company or on its behalf, (b) any action asserting a claim for breach of any fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer, employee or agent of the Company to the Company or the Company’s stockholders, (c) any action arising or asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of NRS Chapters 78 or 92A or any provision of these Articles of Incorporation or the bylaws or (d) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine, including, without limitation, any action to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of the Articles of Incorporation or the bylaws. The Articles of Incorporation further provide that, for the avoidance of doubt, this exclusive forum provision shall not be applicable to any action brought under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and that, unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States of America shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Accordingly, the existing forum selection provision in Article XV does not apply to actions arising under the Exchange Act or such rules and regulations. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of capital stock of the Company shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of Article XV of the Amendment to Articles.

The Board believes that the Company and its stockholders would benefit from having any causes of action arising under the Securities Act resolved in the federal district courts of the United States. In determining to approve the federal forum selection amendment and recommend its adoption by stockholders, the Board considered that the federal forum selection provision could promote efficiencies in the Company’s management of Securities Act litigation by:

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limiting forum-shopping in state court by plaintiffs;

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enabling the Company to avoid litigating actions involving the same matter in state and federal courts, with the associated duplication of litigation expenses and the possibility of inconsistent outcomes, and to obtain consolidation of multi-jurisdictional litigation;

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more efficiently managing procedural aspects of securities litigation;

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allowing the Company to focus on the underlying substantive rights or remedies, instead of addressing where a claim may be brought; and

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facilitating submission of Securities Act claims for resolution by federal courts, which have experience and expertise in adjudicating such claims.

The Board also considered the increasing trend towards adoption of forum selection provisions in response to multi-forum litigation and that the Company would retain the ability to consent to an alternative forum if it wished to do so.

If the federal forum selection amendment becomes effective, it may have several potential effects in addition to the effects discussed above. The federal forum selection provision could discourage claims under the Securities Act or limit stockholders’ ability to bring these claims in a judicial forum that they consider advantageous. The provision could also require stockholders to incur litigation costs in bringing any action to contest the provision’s enforceability, and to incur additional litigation costs in pursuing claims in federal court in accordance with the terms of the provision.

The proposed amendments are shown in the form of the Amendment to Articles attached as Annex I to this proxy statement.

The Amendment to Articles will become effective upon the effective date of the filing with the Nevada Secretary of State of the Second Amended and Restated Articles pursuant to Section 78.403 of the Nevada Revised Statutes. The Board may revoke any proposed corporate action before it is acted on without further approval of the stockholders if the Board determines that the action no longer is in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders.

Vote Required

The approval of Proposal Four requires a quorum of the Company’s stockholders. A quorum will be present at the meeting if the holders of a majority of the shares of stock, issued and outstanding and entitled to vote, are present in person or represented by proxy. To approve Proposal Four, holders of a majority of the votes cast on the matter must vote FOR the proposal. Only FOR and AGAINST votes will affect the outcome. Abstentions will have no effect on the voting of Proposal Four.

Proposal Four is a non-routine matter. Therefore, if your shares are held by your brokerage firm in street name and you do not timely provide voting instructions with respect to your shares, your brokerage firm cannot vote your shares on Proposal Four. Shares held in street name by banks, brokerage firms or other nominees who indicate on their proxies that they do not have authority to vote the shares on Proposal Four will not be counted as votes FOR or AGAINST from any nominee. As a result, such “broker non-votes” will have no effect on the voting on Proposal Four.

Recommendation

The Board of Directors unanimously recommends a vote FOR the approval of the Amendment to Articles to amend the federal forum selection provision.

Further Information

The Amendment to Articles is complex and only briefly summarized above. For further information, please refer to the form of Amendment to Articles attached hereto as Annex I.

PROPOSAL 5. APPROVAL OF AMENDMENT TO ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION TO INCREASE AUTHORIZED NUMBER OF SHARES

The Board has adopted and is seeking stockholder approval the Amendment to Articles to increase the total number of shares of all classes of capital stock which the Company shall have authority to issue from 56,666,667 to 200,000,000.

Under our Articles of Incorporation, the total number of shares of all classes of capital stock that the Company is authorized to issue is 56,666,667 shares (the “Shares”), consisting of (i) 41,666,667 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share, and (ii) 15,000,000 shares shall be preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share. The Board has determined that it is advisable to increase the authorized number of common shares from 41,666,667 to 200,000,000, with the number of authorized shares of preferred stock unchanged, and recommends that our stockholders approve the Amendment to Articles to effect the proposed increase. The full text of the proposed Amendment to Articles is attached to this Proxy Statement as Annex I. However, the text of the proposed amendment is subject to revision to include such changes as may be required by the Nevada Secretary of State and as the Board deems necessary and advisable to effect the Amendment to Articles.

Purpose of the Increase in Authorized Shares

As of September 14, 2023, we had 41,666,667 authorized shares of Common Stock, of which 18,219,582 shares were issued and outstanding. Of the remaining 23,447,085 authorized shares of Common Stock, 7,042,254 shares are reserved for issuance in connection with the Note Payment, 1,080,000 shares are reserved for issued non-qualified stock options and warrants, 3,064,185 shares are reserved in connection with Executive Compensation and Board of Director Compensation, and 36,935,815 shares would be reserved for future issuance under the Plan, assuming it is approved under Proposal 3. Accordingly, based on the foregoing, as of August 31, 2023, there are 12,260,646 shares of our authorized Common Stock unreserved and available for future issuance prior to the approval of Proposal 3, and we would not have enough authorized shares available if Proposal 3 were approved.

Our Board believes it is in the best interest of our Company to increase the number of authorized shares of our Common Stock to give us greater flexibility in considering and planning for future potential business needs, including the offerings of our Common Stock for capital raising purposes and issuances of our Common Stock in connection with collaborations, acquisitions or in licenses of assets, or other strategic transactions. We do not currently have any definitive agreements or arrangements to issue any of the proposed additional authorized shares of Common Stock that will become available for issuance if this proposal is approved and the proposed amendment is effected. Having the additional authorized shares available will also help to provide appropriate equity incentives to assist in the recruitment and retention of employees.

Rights of Additional Authorized Shares

The proposed amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation would not have any effect on the par value per share of our Common Stock. Our Common Stock is a single class, with equal voting, distribution, liquidation and other rights. The additional Common Stock to be authorized by the proposed amendment would have rights identical to our currently outstanding Common Stock. Should the Board issue additional shares of Common Stock, existing stockholders would not have any preferential rights to purchase any newly authorized shares of Common Stock solely by virtue of their ownership of shares of our Common Stock, and their percentage ownership of our then outstanding Common Stock could be reduced. The issuance of additional shares of Common Stock would have the effect of diluting existing stockholder earnings per share, book value per share and voting power.

Potential Adverse Effects

We have not proposed the increase in the number of authorized shares of Common Stock with the purpose or intention of using the additional authorized shares for anti-takeover purposes, such as to oppose a hostile takeover attempt or to delay or prevent a change in control of the Company that our Board does not support, but we could use the additional shares for such purpose. The proposed amendment, if effected, will increase the number of authorized but unissued shares of our Common Stock, and, subject to compliance with law and the listing rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market, our Board could issue, without further stockholder approval, the additional shares available as result of such increase in one or more transactions that could make it more difficult for a party to effect a takeover or change in control of the Company that our Board does not support. For example, our Board could issue additional shares without further stockholder approval (subject to compliance with law and the listing rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market) so as to dilute the stock ownership or voting rights of persons seeking to obtain control of our Board or of the Company in a transaction that our Board does not support, including in a transaction in which a person is offering a premium to our stockholders for their shares of our Common Stock over then current market prices. The proposed amendment has been prompted by business and financial considerations described above under the header, “Purpose of the Increase in Authorized Shares” and not by the threat of any known or threatened hostile takeover attempt, however, stockholders should be aware that by potentially discouraging initiation of any such unsolicited takeover attempts, the proposed amendment may limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares over then current market prices generally available in such takeover attempts.

Additionally, the issuance of additional shares of Common Stock could have the effect of diluting existing stockholder earnings per share, book value per share and voting power.

Risks of Not Approving This Proposal

If the stockholders do not approve this proposal, notwithstanding approval for this Proposal Five, we will continue to have 56,666,667 authorized number of shares. If we do not have a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock reserved, it could adversely impact our ability to pursue opportunities in which shares of our Common Stock could be issued that the Board may determine would otherwise be in the best interest of the Company and our stockholders, including financing and strategic transaction opportunities and employee recruitment and retention purposes, as described above under the header, “Purpose of the Increase in Authorized Shares.”

Vote Required

The approval of Proposal Five requires a quorum of the Company’s stockholders. A quorum will be present at the meeting if the holders of a majority of the shares of stock, issued and outstanding and entitled to vote, are present in person or represented by proxy. To approve Proposal Five, holders of a majority of the votes cast on the matter must vote FOR the proposal. Only FOR and AGAINST votes will affect the outcome. Abstentions will have no effect on the voting of Proposal Five.

Proposal Five is a non-routine matter. Therefore, if your shares are held by your brokerage firm in street name and you do not timely provide voting instructions with respect to your shares, your brokerage firm cannot vote your shares on Proposal Five. Shares held in street name by banks, brokerage firms or other nominees who indicate on their proxies that they do not have authority to vote the shares on Proposal Five will not be counted as votes FOR or AGAINST from any nominee. As a result, such “broker non-votes” will have no effect on the voting on Proposal Five.

Recommendation

The Board of Directors unanimously recommends a vote FOR the approval of the Amendment to Articles to increase the authorized number of shares.

Further Information

The Amendment to Articles are complex and only briefly summarized above. For further information, please refer to the form of Amendment to Articles attached hereto as Annex I.

PROPOSAL 6. ADJOURNMENT

The Company’s stockholders are being asked to consider and vote on a proposal to adjourn or postpone the Special Meeting, if necessary, to solicit additional proxies. The Board believes this proposal to be in the best interests of the Company’s stockholders because it gives the Company flexibility to solicit the vote of additional holders of Common Stock to vote.

Vote Required

The approval of Proposal Six requires a quorum of the Company’s stockholders. A quorum will be present at the meeting if the holders of a majority of the shares of stock, issued and outstanding and entitled to vote, are present in person or represented by proxy. To approve Proposal Six, holders of a majority of the votes cast on the matter must vote FOR the proposal. Only FOR and AGAINST votes will affect the outcome. Abstentions and broker non-votes will have no effect on the voting of Proposal Six.

Proposal Six is a routine matter. Therefore, if your shares are held by your bank, broker or other nominee in street name and you do not vote your shares, your bank, broker or other nominee may vote your shares on Proposal Six.

Recommendation

The Board recommends that stockholders vote “FOR” Proposal Six to adjourn or postpone the Special Meeting, if necessary, to solicit additional proxies.

STOCKHOLDERS’ PROPOSALS

Pursuant to our Bylaws, because this is a special meeting of stockholders and we are not electing directors, our stockholders may not propose business to be brought at the Meeting.

HOUSEHOLDING OF SPECIAL MEETING MATERIALS

Some banks, brokers and other nominee record holders may be participating in the practice of “householding” proxy statements. This means that only one (1) copy of our proxy statement may have been sent to multiple stockholders in your household. We will promptly deliver a separate copy of our proxy statement to you if you call or write us at the following address or phone number: 4101 North Thanksgiving Way, Lehi, UT 84043, Tel: (949) 281-2606. If you want to receive separate copies of the proxy statement (and any other documents sent therewith) in the future or if you are receiving multiple copies and would like to receive only one (1) copy for your household, you should contact your bank, broker, or other nominee record holders, or you may contact us at the above address and phone number.

MARCUM LLP REPRESENTATIVES AT SPECIAL MEETING

Representatives of Marcum LLP are not expected to be present at the Special Meeting.

INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Certain information has been “incorporated by reference” into this proxy statement, which means that we have disclosed important information to you by referring you to another document filed separately with the SEC. The documents incorporated by reference into this proxy statement contain important information that you should read about us.

The following documents are incorporated by reference into this proxy statement:

	(a)	our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on May 25, 2023;

	(b)	our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023, filed with the SEC on July 28, 2023 and August 21, 2023; and

	(c)	our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed on January 20, 2023, April 26, 2023. May 24, 2023 and June 23, 2023.

We are delivering to our stockholders with this proxy statement the aforementioned annual report in accordance with Item 13(b)(2) of Schedule 14A. In addition, all reports and other documents that we subsequently file pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, after the date of this proxy statement and prior to the Special Meeting will be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this proxy statement and to be part of this proxy statement from the date of the filing of such reports and documents. Information in documents that is deemed, in accordance with SEC rules, to be furnished and not filed will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference in this proxy statement. Any statement contained in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes hereof to the extent that a statement contained herein modifies or supersedes such statement. Any such statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this proxy statement.

Documents incorporated by reference are also available, without charge. You may obtain documents incorporated by reference in this proxy statement by requesting them in writing or by telephone at the following address:

Vivakor, Inc.

4101 North Thanksgiving Way

Lehi, UT 84043

(949) 281-2606

THE PROXY STATEMENT DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL, OR A SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY, ANY SECURITIES, OR THE SOLICITATION OF A PROXY, IN ANY JURISDICTION TO OR FROM ANY PERSON TO WHOM IT IS NOT LAWFUL TO MAKE ANY OFFER OR SOLICITATION IN THAT JURISDICTION. THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS PROXY STATEMENT SPEAKS ONLY AS OF THE DATE INDICATED ON THE COVER OF THIS PROXY STATEMENT UNLESS THE INFORMATION SPECIFICALLY INDICATES THAT ANOTHER DATE APPLIES.

WE HAVE NOT AUTHORIZED ANYONE TO GIVE YOU ANY INFORMATION OR TO MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION ABOUT THE PROPOSALS OR US THAT IS DIFFERENT FROM OR ADDS TO THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS PROXY STATEMENT OR IN THE DOCUMENTS WE HAVE PUBLICLY FILED WITH THE SEC. WE ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR, AND CAN PROVIDE NO ASSURANCES AS TO THE RELIABILITY OF, ANY INFORMATION OTHER THAN THE INFORMATION CONTAINED OR INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE IN THIS PROXY STATEMENT.

OTHER MATTERS

Our board is not aware of any matter to be presented for action at the Meeting other than the matters referred to above and does not intend to bring any other matters before the Meeting. However, if other matters should come before the Meeting, it is intended that holders of the proxies will vote thereon in their discretion.

General

The accompanying proxy is solicited by and on behalf of the Board, whose Notice of Meeting is attached to this proxy statement, and the entire cost of such solicitation will be borne by us. Our officers and selected employees may solicit proxies from stockholders. In addition to the use of the mails, proxies may be solicited by personal interview, telephone and telegram by our directors, officers and other employees who will not be specially compensated for these services. We will also request that brokers, nominees, custodians and other fiduciaries forward soliciting materials to the beneficial owners of shares held of record by such brokers, nominees, custodians and other fiduciaries. We will reimburse such persons for their reasonable expenses in connection therewith.

Certain information contained in this proxy statement relating to the occupations and security holdings of our directors and officers is based upon information received from the individual directors and officers.

WE WILL FURNISH, WITHOUT CHARGE, A COPY OF OUR SEC REPORTS TO EACH OF OUR STOCKHOLDERS OF RECORD ON THE RECORD DATE AND TO EACH BENEFICIAL STOCKHOLDER ON THAT DATE UPON WRITTEN REQUEST MADE TO OUR SECRETARY. A REASONABLE FEE WILL BE CHARGED FOR COPIES OF REQUESTED EXHIBITS.

Forward-Looking Statements

This proxy statement includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. You can identify forward-looking statements by the words “expects,” “projects,” “believes,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “predicts,” “estimates” and similar expressions. The forward-looking statements are based on management’s current expectations, estimates and projections about the Company. The Company cautions you that these statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that it cannot predict. In addition, the Company based many of these forward-looking statements on assumptions about future events that may prove to be inaccurate. Accordingly, actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what the Company has expressed or forecast in the forward-looking statements. You should rely only on the information the Company has provided in this Proxy statement. The Company has not authorized any person to provide information other than that provided herein. The Company has not authorized anyone to provide you with different information. You should not assume that the information in this Proxy statement is accurate as of any date other than the date at the top of the first page of this Proxy statement.

Where You Can Find More Information

The Company files annual, quarterly and special reports and other information with the SEC that can be inspected and copied at the public reference facility maintained by the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, D.C. 20549-0405. Information regarding the public reference facilities may be obtained from the SEC by telephoning 1-800-SEC-0330. ‘s filings are also available through the SEC’s Electronic Data Gathering Analysis and Retrieval System which is publicly available through the SEC’s website (www.sec.gov). Copies of such materials may also be obtained by mail from the public reference section of the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1850, Washington, D.C. 20549-0405 at prescribed rates.

Stockholders may obtain documents by requesting them in writing or by telephone (949) 281-2606 from the Company at the following address: 4101 North Thanksgiving Way, Lehi, UT 84043.

BY ORDER OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

/s/ James Ballengee
James Ballengee
Chief Executive Officer

ANNEX I

CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT

to the

SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED

ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION

VIVAKOR, INC.

VIVAKOR, INC., a corporation organized and existing under the General Corporation Law of the State of Nevada (the “Corporation”), does hereby certify as follows:

FIRST: The name of the Corporation is Vivakor, Inc. The Corporation’s second amended and restated articles of incorporation was filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada on March 8, 2016 (the “Second Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation”).

SECOND: The board of directors of the Corporation has duly adopted a resolution pursuant to Section 78.390 of the Nevada Revised Statutes setting forth a proposed amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Corporation (the “Certificate of Amendment”) and declaring said amendment to be advisable. The requisite stockholders of the Corporation have duly approved said proposed amendment in accordance with Section 78.320 and 78.390 of the Nevada Revised Statutes of the State of Nevada. The amendment amends the Second Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Corporation as follows:

1. The first paragraph of ARTICLE VI of the Corporation’s Second Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation shall be deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following:

“The total number of shares of all classes of capital stock which the Corporation shall have authority to issue is 215,000,000, of which 15,000,000 shares shall be preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share, and 200,000,000 shares shall be common stock, par value $0.001 per share.”

2. ARTICLE XV of the Corporation’s Second Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation shall be deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following:

“To the fullest extent permitted by law, and unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Eighth Judicial District Court of Clark County, Nevada, shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for state law claims with respect to: (a) any derivative action or proceeding brought in the name or right of the Corporation or on its behalf, (b) any action asserting a claim for breach of any fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation to the Corporation or the Corporation’s stockholders, (c) any action arising or asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of NRS Chapters 78 or 92A or any provision of these Second Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation or the bylaws or (d) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine, including, without limitation, any action to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of these Second Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation or the bylaws. For the avoidance of doubt, this exclusive forum provision shall not be applicable to any action brought under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of capital stock of the corporation shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of this Article XV.

Nothing herein contained shall be construed to preclude stockholders that assert claims under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or any successor thereto or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, from bringing such claims in state or federal court, subject to applicable law. Furthermore, unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States of America shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of capital stock of the Corporation shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of this Article XV.

Annex I-1

If any provision or provisions of this Article XV shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable as applied to any circumstance for any reason whatsoever, (a) the validity, legality and enforceability of such provisions in any other circumstance and of the remaining provisions of this Article XV (including, without limitation, each portion of any paragraph of this Article XV containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable that is not itself held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby and (b) the application of such provision to other persons or entities and circumstances shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.”

3. The vote by which the shareholders holding shares in the corporation entitling them to exercise at least a majority of the voting power, or such greater proportion of the voting power as may be required in the case of a vote by classes or series, or as may be required by the provisions of the Articles of Incorporation have voted in favor of the amendment is: [ ]%.

4. Effective date of filing:

5. Signature:

Annex I-2

ANNEX II

VIVAKOR, INC.

2023 EQUITY AND INCENTIVE PLAN

SECTION 1. GENERAL PURPOSE OF THE PLAN: DEFINITIONS

The name of the plan is the VIVAKOR, INC. 2023 EQUITY AND INCENTIVE PLAN (the “Plan”). The purpose of the Plan is to encourage, retain and enable the officers, employees, directors, Consultants and other key persons of VIVAKOR, INC., a Nevada corporation (including any successor entity, the “Company”) and its Subsidiaries, upon whose judgment, initiative and efforts the Company largely depends for the successful conduct of its business, to acquire a proprietary interest in the Company.

The following terms shall be defined as set forth below:

“Affiliate” of any Person means a Person that directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by or is under common control with the first mentioned Person. A Person shall be deemed to control another Person if such first Person possesses directly or indirectly the power to direct, or cause the direction of, the management and policies of the second Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.

“Award” or “Awards,” except where referring to a particular category of grant under the Plan, shall include Incentive Stock Options, Non-Qualified Stock Options, Stock Appreciation Rights (“SAR”), Restricted Stock Awards (including preferred stock), Unrestricted Stock Awards, Restricted Stock Units, Performance Awards or any combination of the foregoing.

“Award Agreement” means a written or electronic agreement setting forth the terms and provisions applicable to an Award granted under the Plan. Each Award Agreement may contain terms and conditions in addition to those set forth in the Plan; provided, however, in the event of any conflict in the terms of the Plan and the Award Agreement, the terms of the Plan shall govern.

“Board” means the Board of Directors of the Company.

“Cause” shall have the meaning as set forth in the Award Agreement(s). In the case that any Award Agreement does not contain a definition of “Cause,” it shall mean (i) the grantee’s dishonest statements or acts with respect to the Company or any Affiliate of the Company, or any current or prospective customers, suppliers vendors or other third parties with which such entity does business; (ii) the grantee’s commission of (A) a felony or (B) any misdemeanor involving moral turpitude, deceit, dishonesty or fraud; (iii) the grantee’s failure to perform his assigned duties and responsibilities to the reasonable satisfaction of the Company which failure continues, in the reasonable judgment of the Company, after written notice given to the grantee by the Company; (iv) the grantee’s gross negligence, willful misconduct or insubordination with respect to the Company or any Affiliate of the Company; or (v) the grantee’s material violation of any provision of any agreement(s) between the grantee and the Company relating to noncompetition, nonsolicitation, nondisclosure and/or assignment of inventions.

“Chief Executive Officer” means the Chief Executive Officer of the Company or, if there is no Chief Executive Officer, then the President of the Company.

“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and any successor Code, and related rules, regulations and interpretations.

“Committee” means the Committee of the Board referred to in Section 2.

“Consultant” means any entity or natural person that provides bona fide services to the Company (including a Subsidiary), and such services are not in connection with the offer or sale of securities in a capital-raising transaction and do not directly or indirectly promote or maintain a market for the Company’s securities.

Annex II-1

“Disability” means such condition which renders a Person (A) unable to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment that can be expected to result in death or can be expect to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months, (B) by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment that can be expected to result in death or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months, receiving income replacement benefits for a period of not less than 3 months under an accident and health plan covering employees of the Company, (C) determined to be totally disabled by the Social Security Administration, or (D) determined to be disabled under a disability insurance program which provides for a definition of disability that meets the requirements of this section.

“Effective Date” means the date on which the Plan is adopted as set forth in this Plan.

“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder.

“Fair Market Value” of the Stock on any given date means the fair market value of the Stock determined in good faith by the Committee based on the reasonable application of a reasonable valuation method that is consistent with Section 409A of the Code. If the Stock is admitted to trade on a national securities exchange, the determination shall be made by reference to the closing price reported on such exchange. If there is no closing price for such date, the determination shall be made by reference to the last date preceding such date for which there is a closing price. If the date for which Fair Market Value is determined is the first day when trading prices for the Stock are reported on a national securities exchange, the Fair Market Value shall be the “Price to the Public” (or equivalent).

“Good Reason” shall have the meaning as set forth in the Award Agreement(s). In the case that any Award Agreement does not contain a definition of “Good Reason,” it shall mean (i) a material diminution in the grantee’s base salary except for across-the-board salary reductions similarly affecting all or substantially all similarly situated employees of the Company or (ii) a change of more than 100 miles in the geographic location at which the grantee provides services to the Company, so long as the grantee provides at least 90 days’ notice to the Company following the initial occurrence of any such event and the Company fails to cure such event within 30 days thereafter.

“Grant Date” means the date that the Committee designates in its approval of an Award in accordance with applicable law as the date on which the Award is granted, which date may not precede the date of such Committee approval.

“Holder” means, with respect to an Award or any Shares, the Person holding such Award or Shares, including the initial recipient of the Award or any Permitted Transferee.

“Incentive Stock Option” means any Stock Option designated and qualified as an “incentive stock option” as defined in Section 422 of the Code.

“Non-Qualified Stock Option” means any Stock Option that is not an Incentive Stock Option.

“Option” or “Stock Option” means any option to purchase shares of Stock granted pursuant to Section 5.

“Permitted Transferees” shall mean any of the following to whom a Holder may transfer Shares hereunder (as set forth in Section 10(a)(ii)(A)): the Holder’s child, stepchild, grandchild, parent, step-parent, grandparent, spouse, former spouse, sibling, niece, nephew, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law, including adoptive relationships, any person sharing the Holder’s household (other than a tenant or employee), a trust in which these persons have more than fifty percent of the beneficial interest, a foundation in which these persons control the management of assets, and any other entity in which these persons own more than fifty percent of the voting interests; provided, however, that any such trust does not require or permit distribution of any Shares during the term of the Award Agreement unless subject to its terms. Upon the death of the Holder, the term Permitted Transferees shall also include such deceased Holder’s estate, executors, administrators, personal representatives, heirs, legatees and distributees, as the case may be.

“Person” shall mean any individual, corporation, partnership (limited or general), limited liability company, limited liability partnership, association, trust, joint venture, unincorporated organization or any similar entity.

Annex II-2

“Restricted Stock Award” means Awards granted pursuant to Section 7 and “Restricted Stock” means Shares issued pursuant to such Awards.

“Restricted Stock Unit” means an Award of phantom stock units to a grantee, which may be settled in cash or Shares as determined by the Committee, pursuant to Section 9.

“Sale Event” means the consummation of i) a change in the ownership of the Company, ii) a change in effective control of the Company, or iii) a change in the ownership of a substantial portion of the assets of the Company. The occurrence of a Sale Event shall be acknowledged by the plan administrator or board of directors, by strictly applying these provisions without any discretion to deviate from the objective application of the definitions provided herein.; provided, however, that any capital raising event, or a merger effected solely to change the Company’s domicile shall not constitute a “Sale Event.”

Except as otherwise provided herein, a change in the ownership of the Company occurs on the date that any one person, or more than one person acting as a group acquires ownership of stock of the Company that, together with stock held by such person or group, constitutes more than 50 percent of the total fair market value or total voting power of the stock of the Company. However, if any one person, or more than one person acting as a group, is considered to own more than 50 percent of the total fair market value or total voting power of the stock of the Company the acquisition of additional stock by the same person or persons is not considered to cause a change in the ownership of the Company (or to cause a change in the effective control of the Company). An increase in the percentage of stock owned by any one person, or persons acting as a group, as a result of a transaction in which the corporation acquires its stock in exchange for property will be treated as an acquisition of stock for purposes of this section. This section applies only when there is a transfer of stock of the Company (or issuance of stock) which remains outstanding after the transaction.

A change in the effective control of the Company occurs only on either of the following dates: (1) The date any one person, or more than one person acting as a group acquires (or has acquired during the 12-month period ending on the date of the most recent acquisition by such person or persons) ownership of stock of the Company possessing 30 percent or more of the total voting power of the stock of the Company; (2) The date a majority of members of the Company’s board of directors is replaced during any 12-month period by directors whose appointment or election is not endorsed by a majority of the members of the Company’s board of directors before the date of the appointment or election.

A change in the ownership of a substantial portion of the Company’s assets occurs on the date that any one person, or more than one person acting as a group acquires (or has acquired during the 12- month period ending on the date of the most recent acquisition by such person or persons) assets from the Company that have a total gross fair market value equal to or more than 40 percent of the total gross fair market value of all of the assets of the Company immediately before such acquisition or acquisitions. For this purpose, gross fair market value means the value of the assets of the corporation, or the value of the assets being disposed of, determined without regard to any liabilities associated with such assets.

“Section 409A” means Section 409A of the Code and the regulations and other guidance promulgated thereunder.

“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder.

“Service Relationship” means any relationship as a full-time employee, part-time employee, director or other key person (including Consultants) of the Company or any Subsidiary or any successor entity (e.g., a Service Relationship shall be deemed to continue without interruption in the event an individual’s status changes from full-time employee to part-time employee or Consultant).

“Shares” means shares of Stock.

“Stock” means the Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company.

Annex II-3

“Stock Appreciation Right” or “SAR” means any right to receive from the Company upon exercise by an optionee or settlement, in cash, Shares, or a combination thereof, the excess of (i) the Fair Market Value of one Share on the date of exercise or settlement over (ii) the exercise price of the right on the date of grant, or if granted in connection with an Option, on the date of grant of the Option.

“Subsidiary” means any corporation or other entity (other than the Company) in which the Company has more than a 50 percent interest, either directly or indirectly.

“Ten Percent Owner” means an employee who owns or is deemed to own (by reason of the attribution rules of Section 424(d) of the Code) more than 10 percent of the combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Company or any parent of the Company or any Subsidiary.

“Termination Event” means the termination of the Award recipient’s Service Relationship with the Company and its Subsidiaries for any reason whatsoever, regardless of the circumstances thereof, and including, without limitation, upon death, disability, retirement, discharge or resignation for any reason, whether voluntarily or involuntarily. The following shall not constitute a Termination Event: (i) a transfer to the service of the Company from a Subsidiary or from the Company to a Subsidiary, or from one Subsidiary to another Subsidiary or (ii) an approved leave of absence for military service or sickness, or for any other purpose approved by the Committee, if the individual’s right to re-employment is guaranteed either by a statute or by contract or under the policy pursuant to which the leave of absence was granted or if the Committee otherwise so provides in writing.

“Unrestricted Stock Award” means any Award granted pursuant to Section 8 and “Unrestricted Stock” means Shares issued pursuant to such Awards.

SECTION 2. ADMINISTRATION OF PLAN; COMMITTEE AUTHORITY TO SELECT GRANTEES AND DETERMINE AWARDS

(a) Administration of Plan. The Plan shall be administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board, comprised of not less than three directors or the Board of Directors in the absence of a Compensation Committee of the Board. All references herein to the “Committee” shall be deemed to refer to the group then responsible for administration of the Plan at the relevant time (i.e., either the Board of Directors or a committee or committees of the Board, as applicable).

(b) Powers of Committee. The Committee shall have the power and authority to grant Awards consistent with the terms of the Plan, including the power and authority:

(i) to select the individuals to whom Awards may from time to time be granted;

(ii) to determine the time or times of grant, and the amount, if any, of Incentive Stock Options, Non-Qualified Stock Options, SARs, Restricted Stock Awards, Unrestricted Stock Awards, Restricted Stock Units, or any combination of the foregoing, granted to any one or more grantees;

(iii) to determine the number and types of Shares to be covered by any Award and, subject to the provisions of the Plan, the price, exercise price, conversion ratio or other price relating thereto;

(iv) to determine and, subject to Section 13, to modify from time to time the terms and conditions, including restrictions, not inconsistent with the terms of the Plan, of any Award, which terms and conditions may differ among individual Awards and grantees, and to approve the form of Award Agreements;

(v) to accelerate at any time the exercisability or vesting of all or any portion of any Award;

(vi) to impose any limitations on Awards, including limitations on transfers, repurchase provisions and the like, and to exercise repurchase rights or obligations;

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(vii) subject to Section 5(a)(ii) and any restrictions imposed by Section 409A, to extend at any time the period in which Stock Options may be exercised; and

(viii) at any time to adopt, alter and repeal such rules, guidelines and practices for administration of the Plan and for its own acts and proceedings as it shall deem advisable; to interpret the terms and provisions of the Plan and any Award (including Award Agreements); to make all determinations it deems advisable for the administration of the Plan; to decide all disputes arising in connection with the Plan; and to otherwise supervise the administration of the Plan.

All decisions and interpretations of the Committee shall be binding on all persons, including the Company and all Holders.

(c) Award Agreement. Awards under the Plan shall be evidenced by Award Agreements that set forth the terms, conditions and limitations for each Award.

(d) Indemnification. Neither the Board nor the Committee, nor any member of either or any delegate thereof, shall be liable for any act, omission, interpretation, construction or determination made in good faith in connection with the Plan, and the members of the Board and the Committee (and any delegate thereof) shall be entitled in all cases to indemnification and reimbursement by the Company in respect of any claim, loss, damage or expense (including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys’ fees) arising or resulting therefrom to the fullest extent permitted by law and/or under the Company’s governing documents, including its certificate of incorporation or bylaws, or any directors’ and officers’ liability insurance coverage which may be in effect from time to time and/or any indemnification agreement between such individual and the Company.

(e) Foreign Award Recipients. Notwithstanding any provision of the Plan to the contrary, in order to comply with the laws in other countries in which the Company and any Subsidiary operate or have employees or other individuals eligible for Awards, the Committee, in its sole discretion, shall have the power and authority to: (i) determine which Subsidiaries, if any, shall be covered by the Plan; (ii) determine which individuals, if any, outside the United States are eligible to participate in the Plan; (iii) modify the terms and conditions of any Award granted to individuals outside the United States to comply with applicable foreign laws; (iv) establish subplans and modify exercise procedures and other terms and procedures, to the extent the Committee determines such actions to be necessary or advisable (and such subplans and/or modifications shall be attached to the Plan as appendices); provided, however, that no such subplans and/or modifications shall increase the share limitation contained in Section 3(a) hereof; and (v) take any action, before or after an Award is made, that the Committee determines to be necessary or advisable to obtain approval or comply with any local governmental regulatory exemptions or approvals.

SECTION 3. STOCK ISSUABLE UNDER THE PLAN; MERGERS AND OTHER TRANSACTIONS; SUBSTITUTION

(a) Stock Issuable. The maximum number of Shares reserved and available for issuance under the Plan shall be 40,000,000 Shares (the “Share Reserve”), subject to adjustment as provided in Section 3(b) and the following sentence regarding the annual increase. In addition, the Share Reserve will automatically increase on January 1st of each year, for a period of not more than ten years, commencing on January 1, 2024, and ending on (and including) January 1, 2033, in an amount equal to 1,000,000 shares. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Board may act prior to January 1st of a given year to provide that there will be no January 1st increase in the Share Reserve for such year or that the increase in the Share Reserve for such year will be a lesser number of shares of Stock than would otherwise occur pursuant to the preceding sentence. If a Stock Award or any portion thereof (i) expires or otherwise terminates without all of the shares covered by such Stock Award having been issued or (ii) is settled in cash (i.e., the Participant receives cash rather than stock), the Shares subject to such Stock Award, to the extent of any such expiration, termination or settlement, will again be available for issuance under the Plan. If any shares of Stock issued pursuant to a Stock Award are forfeited back to or repurchased by the Company because of the failure to meet a contingency or condition required to vest such shares in the Participant, then the shares that are forfeited or repurchased will revert to and again become available for issuance under the Plan. Any shares reacquired by the Company in satisfaction of tax withholding obligations on a Stock Award or as consideration for the exercise or purchase price of a Stock Award will again become available for issuance under the Plan. For purposes of this limitation, the Shares underlying any Awards that are forfeited, canceled, reacquired by the Company prior to vesting, satisfied without the issuance of Stock or otherwise terminated (other than by exercise) shall be added back to the Shares available for issuance under the Plan. Subject to such overall limitations, Shares may be issued up to such maximum number pursuant to any type or types of Award, and no more than 2,000,000 Shares may be issued pursuant to Incentive Stock Options. The value of any Shares granted to a non-employee director of the Company, solely for services as a director, when added to any annual cash payments or awards, shall not exceed an aggregate value of four hundred thousand dollars ($400,000) in any [calendar year.

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(b) Changes in Stock. Subject to Section 3(c) hereof, if, as a result of any reorganization, recapitalization, reclassification, stock dividend, stock split, reverse stock split or other similar change in the Company’s capital stock, the outstanding Shares are increased or decreased or are exchanged for a different number or kind of shares or other securities of the Company, or additional Shares or new or different shares or other securities of the Company or other non-cash assets are distributed with respect to such Shares or other securities, in each case, without the receipt of consideration by the Company, or, if, as a result of any merger or consolidation, or sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, the outstanding Shares are converted into or exchanged for other securities of the Company or any successor entity (or a parent or subsidiary thereof), the Committee shall make an appropriate and proportionate adjustment in (i) the maximum number of Shares reserved for issuance under the Plan, (ii) the number and kind of Shares or other securities subject to any then outstanding Awards under the Plan, (iii) the repurchase price, if any, per Share subject to each outstanding Award, and (iv) the exercise price for each Share subject to any then outstanding Stock Options under the Plan, without changing the aggregate exercise price (i.e., the exercise price multiplied by the number of Stock Options) as to which such Stock Options remain exercisable. The Committee shall in any event make such adjustments as may be required by the laws of Nevada and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. The adjustment by the Committee shall be final, binding and conclusive. No fractional Shares shall be issued under the Plan resulting from any such adjustment, but the Committee in its discretion may make a cash payment in lieu of fractional shares.

(i) Options.

(A) In the case of and subject to the consummation of a Sale Event, the Plan and all outstanding Options and SARs issued hereunder shall become one hundred percent (100%) vested upon the effective time of any such Sale Event. New stock options or other awards of the successor entity or parent thereof shall be substituted therefor, with an equitable or proportionate adjustment as to the number and kind of shares and, if appropriate, the per share exercise prices, as such parties shall agree (after taking into account any acceleration hereunder and/or pursuant to the terms of any Award Agreement).

(B) In the event of the termination of the Plan and all outstanding Options and SARs issued hereunder pursuant to Section 3(c), each Holder of Options shall be permitted, within a period of time prior to the consummation of the Sale Event as specified by the Committee, to exercise all such Options or SARs which are then exercisable or will become exercisable as of the effective time of the Sale Event; provided, however, that the exercise of Options not exercisable prior to the Sale Event shall be subject to the consummation of the Sale Event.

(C) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Section 3(c)(i)(A), in the event of a Sale Event, the Company shall have the right, but not the obligation, to make or provide for a cash payment to the Holders of Options, without any consent of the Holders, in exchange for the cancellation thereof, in an amount equal to the difference between (A) the value as determined by the Committee of the consideration payable per share of Stock pursuant to the Sale Event (the “Sale Price”) times the number of Shares subject to outstanding Options being cancelled (to the extent then vested and exercisable, including by reason of acceleration in connection with such Sale Event, at prices not in excess of the Sale Price) and (B) the aggregate exercise price of all such outstanding vested and exercisable Options.

(ii) Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Unit Awards.

(A) In the case of and subject to the consummation of a Sale Event, all unvested Restricted Stock and unvested Restricted Stock Unit Awards issued hereunder shall become one hundred percent (100%) vested, with an equitable or proportionate adjustment as to the number and kind of shares subject to such awards as such parties shall agree (after taking into account any acceleration hereunder and/or pursuant to the terms of any Award Agreement).

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(B) Such Restricted Stock shall be repurchased from the Holder thereof at the then Fair Market Value of such shares, (subject to adjustment as provided in Section 3(b)) for such Shares.

(C) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Section 3(c)(ii)(A), in the event of a Sale Event, the Company shall have the right, but not the obligation, to make or provide for a cash payment to the Holders of Restricted Stock or Restricted Stock Unit Awards, without consent of the Holders, in exchange for the cancellation thereof, in an amount equal to the Sale Price times the number of Shares subject to such Awards, to be paid at the time of such Sale Event or upon the later vesting of such Awards.

SECTION 4. ELIGIBILITY

Grantees under the Plan will be such full or part-time officers and other employees, directors, Consultants and key persons of the Company and any Subsidiary who are selected from time to time by the Committee in its sole discretion; provided, however, that Awards shall be granted only to those individuals described in Rule 701(c) of the Securities Act.

SECTION 5. STOCK OPTIONS

Upon the grant of a Stock Option, the Company and the grantee shall enter into an Award Agreement. The terms and conditions of each such Award Agreement shall be determined by the Committee, and such terms and conditions may differ among individual Awards and grantees.

Stock Options granted under the Plan may be either Incentive Stock Options or Non-Qualified Stock Options. Incentive Stock Options may be granted only to employees of the Company or any Subsidiary that is a “subsidiary corporation” within the meaning of Section 424(f) of the Code. To the extent that any Option does not qualify as an Incentive Stock Option, it shall be deemed a Non-Qualified Stock Option.

(a) Terms of Stock Options. The Committee in its discretion may grant Stock Options to those individuals who meet the eligibility requirements of Section 4. Stock Options shall be subject to the following terms and conditions and shall contain such additional terms and conditions, not inconsistent with the terms of the Plan, as the Committee shall deem desirable.

(i) Exercise Price. The exercise price per share for the Shares covered by a Stock Option shall be determined by the Committee at the time of grant but shall not be less than 100 percent of the Fair Market Value on the Grant Date. In the case of an Incentive Stock Option that is granted to a Ten Percent Owner, the exercise price per share for the Shares covered by such Incentive Stock Option shall not be less than 110 percent of the Fair Market Value on the Grant Date.

(ii) Option Term. The term of each Stock Option shall be fixed by the Committee, but no Stock Option shall be exercisable more than ten years from the Grant Date. In the case of an Incentive Stock Option that is granted to a Ten Percent Owner, the term of such Stock Option shall be no more than five years from the Grant Date.

(iii) Exercisability; Rights of a Stockholder. Stock Options shall become exercisable and/or vested at such time or times, whether or not in installments, as shall be determined by the Committee at or after the Grant Date. The Award Agreement may permit a grantee to exercise all or a portion of a Stock Option immediately at grant; provided that the Shares issued upon such exercise shall be subject to restrictions and a vesting schedule identical to the vesting schedule of the related Stock Option, such Shares shall be deemed to be Restricted Stock for purposes of the Plan, and the optionee may be required to enter into an additional or new Award Agreement as a condition to exercise of such Stock Option. An optionee shall have the rights of a stockholder only as to Shares acquired upon the exercise of a Stock Option and not as to unexercised Stock Options. An optionee shall not be deemed to have acquired any Shares unless and until a Stock Option shall have been exercised pursuant to the terms of the Award Agreement and this Plan and the optionee’s name has been entered on the books of the Company as a stockholder.

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(iv) Method of Exercise. Stock Options may be exercised by an optionee in whole or in part, by the optionee giving written or electronic notice of exercise to the Company, specifying the number of Shares to be purchased. Payment of the purchase price may be made by one or more of the following methods (or any combination thereof) to the extent provided in the Award Agreement:

(A) In cash, by certified or bank check, by wire transfer of immediately available funds, or other instrument acceptable to the Committee;

(B) If permitted by the Committee, by the optionee delivering to the Company a promissory note, if the Board has expressly authorized the loan of funds to the optionee for the purpose of enabling or assisting the optionee to effect the exercise of his or her Stock Option; provided, that at least so much of the exercise price as represents the par value of the Stock shall be paid in cash if required by state law;

(C) If permitted by the Committee, through the delivery (or attestation to the ownership) of Shares that have been purchased by the optionee on the open market or that are beneficially owned by the optionee and are not then subject to restrictions under any Company plan. To the extent required to avoid variable accounting treatment under applicable accounting rules, such surrendered Shares if originally purchased from the Company shall have been owned by the optionee for at least six months. Such surrendered Shares shall be valued at Fair Market Value on the exercise date;

(D) If permitted by the Committee and by the optionee delivering to the Company a properly executed exercise notice together with irrevocable instructions to a broker to promptly deliver to the Company cash or a check payable and acceptable to the Company for the purchase price; provided that in the event the optionee chooses to pay the purchase price as so provided, the optionee and the broker shall comply with such procedures and enter into such agreements of indemnity and other agreements as the Committee shall prescribe as a condition of such payment procedure; or

(E) If permitted by the Committee, and only with respect to Stock Options that are not Incentive Stock Options, by a “net exercise” arrangement pursuant to which the Company will reduce the number of Shares issuable upon exercise by the largest whole number of Shares with a Fair Market Value that does not exceed the aggregate exercise price.

Payment instruments will be received subject to collection. No certificates for Shares so purchased will be issued to the optionee or, with respect to uncertificated Stock, no transfer to the optionee on the records of the Company will take place, until the Company has completed all steps it has deemed necessary to satisfy legal requirements relating to the issuance and sale of the Shares, which steps may include, without limitation, (i) receipt of a representation from the optionee at the time of exercise of the Option that the optionee is purchasing the Shares for the optionee’s own account and not with a view to any sale or distribution of the Shares or other representations relating to compliance with applicable law governing the issuance of securities, (ii) the legending of the certificate (or notation on any book entry) representing the Shares to evidence the foregoing restrictions, and (iii) obtaining from optionee payment or provision for all withholding taxes due as a result of the exercise of the Option. The delivery of certificates representing the shares of Stock (or the transfer to the optionee on the records of the Company with respect to uncertificated Stock) to be purchased pursuant to the exercise of a Stock Option will be contingent upon (A) receipt from the optionee (or a purchaser acting in his or her stead in accordance with the provisions of the Stock Option) by the Company of the full purchase price for such Shares and the fulfilment of any other requirements contained in the Award Agreement or applicable provisions of laws and (B) if required by the Company, the optionee shall have entered into any stockholders agreements or other agreements with the Company and/or certain other of the Company’s stockholders relating to the Stock. In the event an optionee chooses to pay the purchase price by previously-owned Shares through the attestation method, the number of Shares transferred to the optionee upon the exercise of the Stock Option shall be net of the number of Shares attested to by the Optionee.

(b) Annual Limit on Incentive Stock Options. To the extent required for “incentive stock option” treatment under Section 422 of the Code, the aggregate Fair Market Value (determined as of the Grant Date) of the Shares with respect to which Incentive Stock Options granted under the Plan and any other plan of the Company or its parent and any Subsidiary that become exercisable for the first time by an optionee during any calendar year shall not exceed $100,000 or such other limit as may be in effect from time to time under Section 422 of the Code. To the extent that any Stock Option exceeds this limit, it shall constitute a Non-Qualified Stock Option.

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(c) Termination. Any portion of a Stock Option that is not vested and exercisable on the date of termination of an optionee’s Service Relationship shall immediately expire and be null and void. Once any portion of the Stock Option becomes vested and exercisable, the optionee’s right to exercise such portion of the Stock Option (or the optionee’s representatives and legatees as applicable) in the event of a termination of the optionee’s Service Relationship shall continue until the earliest of: (i) the date which is: (A) 12 months following the date on which the optionee’s Service Relationship terminates due to death or Disability (or such longer period of time as determined by the Committee and set forth in the applicable Award Agreement), or (B) three months following the date on which the optionee’s Service Relationship terminates if the termination is due to any reason other than death or Disability (or such longer period of time as determined by the Committee and set forth in the applicable Award Agreement), or (ii) the Expiration Date set forth in the Award Agreement; provided that notwithstanding the foregoing, an Award Agreement may provide that if the optionee’s Service Relationship is terminated for Cause, the Stock Option shall terminate immediately and be null and void upon the date of the optionee’s termination and shall not thereafter be exercisable.

SECTION 6. STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS

The Committee is authorized to grant SARs to optionees with the following terms and conditions and with such additional terms and conditions, in either case not inconsistent with the provisions of the Plan, as the Committee shall determine –

(a) SARs may be granted under the Plan to optionees either alone or in addition to other Awards granted under the Plan and may, but need not, relate to specific Option granted under Section 5.

(b) The exercise price per Share under a SAR shall be determined by the Committee, provided, however, that except in the case of a substitute Award, such exercise price shall not be less than the fair market value of a Share on the date of grant of such SAR.

(c) The term of each SAR shall be fixed by the Committee but shall not exceed 10 years from the date of grant of such SAR.

(d) The Committee shall determine the time or times at which a SAR may be exercised or settled in whole or in part. Unless otherwise determined by the Committee or unless otherwise set forth in an Award Agreement, the provisions set forth in Section 5 above with respect to exercise of an Award following termination of service shall apply to any SAR. The Committee may specify in an Award Agreement that an “in-the-money” SAR shall be automatically exercised on its expiration date.

SECTION 7. RESTRICTED STOCK AWARDS

(a) Nature of Restricted Stock Awards. The Committee may, in its sole discretion, grant (or sell at par value or such other purchase price determined by the Committee) to an eligible individual under Section 4 hereof a Restricted Stock Award under the Plan. The Committee shall determine the restrictions and conditions applicable to each Restricted Stock Award at the time of grant. Conditions may be based on the type of stock upon which restrictions are placed, continuing employment (or other Service Relationship), achievement of pre-established performance goals and objectives and/or such other criteria as the Committee may determine. Upon the grant of a Restricted Stock Award, the Company and the grantee shall enter into an Award Agreement. The terms and conditions of each such Award Agreement shall be determined by the Committee, and such terms and conditions may differ among individual Awards and grantees.

(b) Rights as a Stockholder. Upon the grant of the Restricted Stock Award and payment of any applicable purchase price, a grantee of Restricted Stock shall be considered the record owner of and shall be entitled to vote the Restricted Stock if, and to the extent, such Shares are entitled to voting rights, subject to such conditions contained in the Award Agreement. The grantee shall be entitled to receive all dividends and any other distributions declared on the Shares; provided, however, that the Company is under no duty to declare any such dividends or to make any such distribution. Unless the Committee shall otherwise determine, certificates evidencing the Restricted Stock shall remain in the possession of the Company until such Restricted Stock is vested as provided in subsection (d) below of this Section, and the grantee shall be required, as a condition of the grant, to deliver to the Company a stock power endorsed in blank and such other instruments of transfer as the Committee may prescribe.

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(c) Restrictions. Restricted Stock may not be sold, assigned, transferred, pledged or otherwise encumbered or disposed of except as specifically provided herein or in the Award Agreement. Except as may otherwise be provided by the Committee either in the Award Agreement or, subject to Section 13 below, in writing after the Award Agreement is issued, if a grantee’s Service Relationship with the Company and any Subsidiary terminates, the Company or its assigns shall have the right, as may be specified in the relevant instrument, to repurchase some or all of the Shares subject to the Award at such purchase price as is set forth in the Award Agreement.

(d) Vesting of Restricted Stock. The Committee at the time of grant shall specify in the Award Agreement the date or dates and/or the attainment of pre-established performance goals, objectives and other conditions on which the substantial risk of forfeiture imposed shall lapse and the Restricted Stock shall become vested, subject to such further rights of the Company or its assigns as may be specified in the Award Agreement.

SECTION 8. UNRESTRICTED STOCK AWARDS

The Committee may, in its sole discretion, grant (or sell at par value or such other purchase price determined by the Committee) to an eligible person under Section 4 hereof an Unrestricted Stock Award under the Plan. Unrestricted Stock Awards may be granted in respect of past services or other valid consideration, or in lieu of cash compensation due to such grantee.

SECTION 9. RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS

(a) Nature of Restricted Stock Units. The Committee may, in its sole discretion, grant to an eligible person under Section 4 hereof Restricted Stock Units under the Plan. The Committee shall determine the restrictions and conditions applicable to each Restricted Stock Unit at the time of grant. Vesting conditions may be based on continuing employment (or other Service Relationship), achievement of pre-established performance goals and objectives which may be based on targets for revenue, revenue growth, EBITDA, net income, earnings per share and/or other such criteria as the Committee may determine. Upon the grant of Restricted Stock Units, the grantee and the Company shall enter into an Award Agreement. The terms and conditions of each such Award Agreement shall be determined by the Committee and may differ among individual Awards and grantees. On or promptly following the vesting date or dates applicable to any Restricted Stock Unit, but in no event later than March 15 of the year following the year in which such vesting occurs, such Restricted Stock Unit(s) shall be settled in the form of cash or shares of Stock, as specified in the Award Agreement. Restricted Stock Units may not be sold, assigned, transferred, pledged, or otherwise encumbered or disposed of.

(b) Rights as a Stockholder. A grantee shall have the rights of a stockholder only as to Shares, if any, acquired upon settlement of Restricted Stock Units. A grantee shall not be deemed to have acquired any such Shares unless and until the Restricted Stock Units shall have been settled in Shares pursuant to the terms of the Plan and the Award Agreement, the Company shall have issued and delivered a certificate representing the Shares to the grantee (or transferred on the records of the Company with respect to uncertificated stock), and the grantee’s name has been entered in the books of the Company as a stockholder.

(c) Termination. Except as may otherwise be provided by the Committee either in the Award Agreement or in writing after the Award Agreement is issued, a grantee’s right in all Restricted Stock Units that have not vested shall automatically terminate upon the grantee’s cessation of Service Relationship with the Company and any Subsidiary for any reason.

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SECTION 10. TRANSFER RESTRICTIONS; COMPANY RIGHT OF FIRST REFUSAL; COMPANY REPURCHASE RIGHTS

(a) Restrictions on Transfer.

(i) Non-Transferability of Certain Awards. Restricted Stock awards granted under Section 7, Stock Options, SARs and, prior to exercise, the Shares issuable upon exercise of such Stock Option, shall not be transferable by the optionee otherwise than by will, or by the laws of descent and distribution, and all Stock Options shall be exercisable, during the optionee’s lifetime, only by the optionee, or by the optionee’s legal representative or guardian in the event of the optionee’s incapacity. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Committee, in its sole discretion, may provide in the Award Agreement regarding a given Stock Option or Restricted Stock award that the optionee may transfer by gift, without consideration for the transfer, his or her Non-Qualified Stock Options to his or her family members (as defined in Rule 701 of the Securities Act), to trusts for the benefit of such family members, or to partnerships in which such family members are the only partners (to the extent such trusts or partnerships are considered “family members” for purposes of Rule 701 of the Securities Act), provided that the transferee agrees in writing with the Company to be bound by all of the terms and conditions of this Plan and the applicable Award Agreement, including the execution of a stock power upon the issuance of Shares. Stock Options, SARs and the Shares issuable upon exercise of such Stock Options, shall be restricted as to any pledge, hypothecation, or other transfer, including any short position, any “put equivalent position” (as defined in the Exchange Act) or any “call equivalent position” (as defined in the Exchange Act) prior to exercise.

(ii) Shares. No Shares shall be sold, assigned, transferred, pledged, hypothecated, given away or in any other manner disposed of or encumbered, whether voluntarily or by operation of law, unless (i) the transfer is in compliance with the terms of the applicable Award Agreement, all applicable securities laws (including, without limitation, the Securities Act), and with the terms and conditions of this Section 10, (ii) the transfer does not cause the Company to become subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, and the transferee consents in writing to be bound by the provisions of the Plan and the Award Agreement, including this Section 10. In connection with any proposed transfer, the Committee may require the transferor to provide at the transferor’s own expense an opinion of counsel to the transferor, satisfactory to the Committee, that such transfer is in compliance with all foreign, federal and state securities laws (including, without limitation, the Securities Act). Any attempted transfer of Shares not in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Section 10 shall be null and void, and the Company shall not reflect on its records any change in record ownership of any Shares as a result of any such transfer, shall otherwise refuse to recognize any such transfer and shall not in any way give effect to any such transfer of Shares. The Company shall be entitled to seek protective orders, injunctive relief and other remedies available at law or in equity including, without limitation, seeking specific performance or the rescission of any transfer not made in strict compliance with the provisions of this Section 10. Subject to the foregoing general provisions, and unless otherwise provided in the applicable Award Agreement, Shares may be transferred pursuant to the following specific terms and conditions (provided that with respect to any transfer of Restricted Stock, all vesting and forfeiture provisions shall continue to apply with respect to the original recipient):

(A) Transfers to Permitted Transferees. The Holder may transfer any or all of the Shares to one or more Permitted Transferees; provided, however, that following such transfer, such Shares shall continue to be subject to the terms of this Plan (including this Section 10) and such Permitted Transferee(s) shall, as a condition to any such transfer, deliver a written acknowledgment to that effect to the Company and shall deliver a stock power to the Company with respect to the Shares. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Holder may not transfer any of the Shares to a Person whom the Company reasonably determines is a direct competitor or a potential competitor of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.

(B) Transfers Upon Death. Upon the death of the Holder, any Shares then held by the Holder at the time of such death and any Shares acquired after the Holder’s death by the Holder’s legal representative shall be subject to the provisions of this Plan, and the Holder’s estate, executors, administrators, personal representatives, heirs, legatees and distributees shall be obligated to convey such Shares to the Company or its assigns under the terms contemplated by the Plan and the Award Agreement.

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(b) Right of First Refusal. In the event that a Holder desires at any time to sell or otherwise transfer all or any part of his or her Shares (other than shares of Restricted Stock which by their terms are not transferrable), the Holder first shall give written notice to the Company of the Holder’s intention to make such transfer. Such notice shall state the number of Shares that the Holder proposes to sell (the “Offered Shares”), the price and the terms at which the proposed sale is to be made and the name and address of the proposed transferee. At any time within 30 days after the receipt of such notice by the Company, the Company or its assigns may elect to purchase all or any portion of the Offered Shares at the price and on the terms offered by the proposed transferee and specified in the notice. The Company or its assigns shall exercise this right by mailing or delivering written notice to the Holder within the foregoing 30-day period. If the Company or its assigns elect to exercise its purchase rights under this Section 10(b), the closing for such purchase shall, in any event, take place within 45 days after the receipt by the Company of the initial notice from the Holder. In the event that the Company or its assigns do not elect to exercise such purchase right, or in the event that the Company or its assigns do not pay the full purchase price within such 45-day period, the Holder shall be required to pay a transaction processing fee of $10,000 to the Company (unless waived by the Committee) and then may, within 60 days thereafter, sell the Offered Shares to the proposed transferee and at the same price and on the same terms as specified in the Holder’s notice. Any Shares not sold to the proposed transferee shall remain subject to the Plan. If the Holder is a party to any stockholders agreements or other agreements with the Company and/or certain other of the Company’s stockholders relating to the Shares, (i) the transferring Holder shall comply with the requirements of such stockholders agreements or other agreements relating to any proposed transfer of the Offered Shares, and (ii) any proposed transferee that purchases Offered Shares shall enter into such stockholders agreements or other agreements with the Company and/or certain of the Company’s stockholders relating to the Offered Shares on the same terms and in the same capacity as the transferring Holder.

(i) Right of Repurchase for Unvested Shares Issued Upon the Exercise of an Option. Upon a Termination Event, the Company or its assigns shall have the right and option to repurchase from a Holder of Shares acquired upon exercise of a Stock Option which is still subject to a risk of forfeiture as of the Termination Event. Such repurchase rights may be exercised by the Company within the later of (A) six months following the date of such Termination Event or (B) seven months after the acquisition of Shares upon exercise of a Stock Option. The repurchase price shall be equal to the lower of the original per share price paid by the Holder, subject to adjustment as provided in Section 3(b) of the Plan, or the current Fair Market Value of such Shares as of the date the Company elects to exercise its repurchase rights.

(ii) Right of Repurchase With Respect to Restricted Stock. Upon a Termination Event, the Company or its assigns shall have the right and option to repurchase from a Holder of Shares received pursuant to a Restricted Stock Award any Shares that are still subject to a risk of forfeiture as of the Termination Event. Such repurchase right may be exercised by the Company within six months following the date of such Termination Event. The repurchase price shall be the lower of the original per share purchase price paid by the Holder, subject to adjustment as provided in Section 3(b) of the Plan, or the current Fair Market Value of such Shares as of the date the Company elects to exercise its repurchase rights.

(iii) Procedure. Any repurchase right of the Company shall be exercised by the Company or its assigns by giving the Holder written notice on or before the last day of the repurchase period of its intention to exercise such repurchase right. Upon such notification, the Holder shall promptly surrender to the Company, free and clear of any liens or encumbrances, any certificates representing the Shares being purchased, together with a duly executed stock power for the transfer of such Shares to the Company or the Company’s assignee or assignees. Upon the Company’s or its assignee’s receipt of the certificates from the Holder, the Company or its assignee or assignees shall deliver to him, her or them a check for the applicable repurchase price; provided, however, that the Company may pay the repurchase price by offsetting and canceling any indebtedness then owed by the Holder to the Company.

(d) Escrow Arrangement.

(i) Escrow. In order to carry out the provisions of this Section 10 of this Plan more effectively, the Company shall hold any Shares issued pursuant to Awards granted under the Plan in escrow together with separate stock powers executed by the Holder in blank for transfer. The Company shall not dispose of the Shares except as otherwise provided in this Plan. In the event of any repurchase by the Company (or any of its assigns), the Company is hereby authorized by the Holder, as the Holder’s attorney-in-fact, to date and complete the stock powers necessary for the transfer of the Shares being purchased and to transfer such Shares in accordance with the terms hereof. At such time as any Shares are no longer subject to the Company’s repurchase and first refusal rights, the Company shall, at the written request of the Holder, deliver to the Holder a certificate representing such Shares with the balance of the Shares to be held in escrow pursuant to this Section.

Annex II-12

(ii) Remedy. Without limitation of any other provision of this Plan or other rights, in the event that a Holder or any other Person is required to sell a Holder’s Shares pursuant to the provisions of Sections 10(b) or (c) hereof and in the further event that he or she refuses or for any reason fails to deliver to the Company or its designated purchaser of such Shares the certificate or certificates evidencing such Shares together with a related stock power, the Company or such designated purchaser may deposit the applicable purchase price for such Shares with a bank designated by the Company, or with the Company’s independent public accounting firm, as agent or trustee, or in escrow, for such Holder or other Person, to be held by such bank or accounting firm for the benefit of and for delivery to him, her, them or it, and/or, in its discretion, pay such purchase price by offsetting any indebtedness then owed by such Holder as provided above. Upon any such deposit and/or offset by the Company or its designated purchaser of such amount and upon notice to the Person who was required to sell the Shares to be sold pursuant to the provisions of Sections 10(b) or (c), such Shares shall at such time be deemed to have been sold, assigned, transferred and conveyed to such purchaser, such Holder shall have no further rights thereto (other than the right to withdraw the payment thereof held in escrow, if applicable), and the Company shall record such transfer in its stock transfer book or in any appropriate manner.

(e) Lockup Provision. If requested by the Company, a Holder shall not sell or otherwise transfer or dispose of any Shares (including, without limitation, pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act) held by him or her for such period following the effective date of a public offering by the Company of Shares as the Company shall specify reasonably and in good faith. If requested by the underwriter engaged by the Company, each Holder shall execute a separate letter confirming his or her agreement to comply with this Section.

(f) Adjustments for Changes in Capital Structure. If, as a result of any reorganization, recapitalization, reclassification, stock dividend, stock split, reverse stock split or other similar change in the Common Stock, the outstanding Shares are increased or decreased or are exchanged for a different number or kind of securities of the Company, the restrictions contained in this Section 10 shall apply with equal force to additional and/or substitute securities, if any, received by Holder in exchange for, or by virtue of his or her ownership of, Shares.

(g) Termination. The terms and provisions of Section 10(b) and Section 10(c) (except for the Company’s right to repurchase Shares still subject to a risk of forfeiture upon a Termination Event) shall terminate upon consummation of any Sale Event, in either case as a result of which Shares are registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act and publicly-traded on any national security exchange.

SECTION 11. TAX WITHHOLDING

(a) Payment by Grantee. Each grantee shall, no later than the date as of which the value of an Award or of any Shares or other amounts received thereunder first becomes includable in the gross income of the grantee for income tax purposes, pay to the Company, or make arrangements satisfactory to the Committee regarding payment of, any Federal, state, or local taxes of any kind required by law to be withheld by the Company with respect to such income. The Company and any Subsidiary shall, to the extent permitted by law, have the right to deduct any such taxes from any payment of any kind otherwise due to the grantee. The Company’s obligation to deliver stock certificates (or evidence of book entry) to any grantee is subject to and conditioned on any such tax withholding obligations being satisfied by the grantee.

(b) Payment in Stock. The Company’s minimum required tax withholding obligation may be satisfied, in whole or in part, by the Company withholding from Shares to be issued pursuant to an Award a number of Shares having an aggregate Fair Market Value (as of the date the withholding is effected) that would satisfy the minimum withholding amount due.

SECTION 12. SECTION 409A AWARDS

To the extent that any Award is determined to constitute “nonqualified deferred compensation” within the meaning of Section 409A (a “409A Award”), the Award shall be subject to such additional rules and requirements as may be specified by the Committee from time to time. In this regard, if any amount under a 409A Award is payable upon a “separation from service” (within the meaning of Section 409A) to a grantee who is considered a “specified employee” (within the meaning of Section 409A), then no such payment shall be made prior to the date that is the earlier of (i) six months and one day after the grantee’s separation from service, or (ii) the grantee’s death, but only to the extent such delay is necessary to prevent such payment from being subject to interest, penalties and/or additional tax imposed pursuant to Section 409A. The Company makes no representation or warranty and shall have no liability to any grantee under the Plan or any other Person with respect to any penalties or taxes under Section 409A that are, or may be, imposed with respect to any Award. It is the intent of the Board that payments and benefits under the Plan comply with or be exempt from Section 409A and the regulations and guidance promulgated thereunder and, accordingly, to the maximum extent permitted the Plan shall be interpreted to be in compliance therewith or exempt therefrom. In no event whatsoever shall the Company be liable for any additional tax, interest or penalty that may be imposed upon a Participant by Section 409A or damages to a Participant for failing to comply with Section 409A.

Annex II-13

SECTION 13. AMENDMENTS AND TERMINATION

The Board may, at any time, amend or discontinue the Plan and the Committee may, at any time, amend or cancel any outstanding Award for the purpose of satisfying changes in law or for any other lawful purpose, but no such action shall adversely affect rights under any outstanding Award without the consent of the holder of the Award. The Committee may exercise its discretion to reduce the exercise price of outstanding Stock Options or effect repricing through cancellation of outstanding Stock Options and by granting such holders new Awards in replacement of the cancelled Stock Options. To the extent determined by the Committee to be required either by the Code to ensure that Incentive Stock Options granted under the Plan are qualified under Section 422 of the Code or otherwise, Plan amendments shall be subject to approval by the Company stockholders entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders. Nothing in this Section 13 shall limit the Board’s or Committee’s authority to take any action permitted pursuant to Section 3(c). The Board reserves the right to amend the Plan and/or the terms of any outstanding Stock Options to the extent reasonably necessary to comply with the requirements of the exemption pursuant to Rule 12h-1 of the Exchange Act.

SECTION 14. STATUS OF PLAN

With respect to the portion of any Award that has not been exercised and any payments in cash, Stock or other consideration not received by a grantee, a grantee shall have no rights greater than those of a general creditor of the Company unless the Committee shall otherwise expressly so determine in connection with any Award.

SECTION 15. GENERAL PROVISIONS

(a) No Distribution; Compliance with Legal Requirements. The Committee may require each person acquiring Shares pursuant to an Award to represent to and agree with the Company in writing that such person is acquiring the Shares without a view to distribution thereof. No Shares shall be issued pursuant to an Award until all applicable securities law and other legal and stock exchange or similar requirements have been satisfied. The Committee may require the placing of such stop-orders and restrictive legends on certificates for Stock and Awards, as it deems appropriate.

(b) Delivery of Stock Certificates. Stock certificates to grantees under the Plan shall be deemed delivered for all purposes when the Company or a stock transfer agent of the Company shall have mailed such certificates in the United States mail, addressed to the grantee, at the grantee’s last known address on file with the Company; provided that stock certificates to be held in escrow pursuant to Section 10 of the Plan shall be deemed delivered when the Company shall have recorded the issuance in its records. Uncertificated Stock shall be deemed delivered for all purposes when the Company or a stock transfer agent of the Company shall have given to the grantee by electronic mail (with proof of receipt) or by United States mail, addressed to the grantee, at the grantee’s last known address on file with the Company, notice of issuance and recorded the issuance in its records (which may include electronic “book entry” records).

(c) No Employment Rights. The adoption of the Plan and the grant of Awards do not confer upon any Person any right to continued employment or Service Relationship with the Company or any Subsidiary.

(d) Trading Policy Restrictions. Option exercises and other Awards under the Plan shall be subject to the Company’s insider trading policy-related restrictions, terms and conditions as may be established by the Committee, or in accordance with policies set by the Committee, from time to time.

Annex II-14

(e) Designation of Beneficiary. Each grantee to whom an Award has been made under the Plan may designate a beneficiary or beneficiaries to exercise any Award on or after the grantee’s death or receive any payment under any Award payable on or after the grantee’s death. Any such designation shall be on a form provided for that purpose by the Committee and shall not be effective until received by the Committee. If no beneficiary has been designated by a deceased grantee, or if the designated beneficiaries have predeceased the grantee, the beneficiary shall be the grantee’s estate.

(f) Legend. Any certificate(s) representing the Shares shall carry substantially the following legend (and with respect to uncertificated Stock, the book entries evidencing such shares shall contain the following notation):

The transferability of this certificate and the shares of stock represented hereby are subject to the restrictions, terms and conditions (including repurchase and restrictions against transfers contained in the Plan and any agreements entered into thereunder by and between the company and the holder of this certificate (a copy of which is available at the offices of the company for examination).

(g) Information to Holders of Options. In the event the Company is relying on the exemption from the registration requirements of Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act contained in paragraph (f)(1) of Rule 12h-1 of the Exchange Act, the Company shall provide the information described in Rule 701(e)(3), (4) and (5) of the Securities Act to all holders of Options in accordance with the requirements thereunder. The foregoing notwithstanding, the Company shall not be required to provide such information unless the option holder has agreed in writing, on a form prescribed by the Company, to keep such information confidential.

SECTION 16. EFFECTIVE DATE OF PLAN

The Plan shall become effective upon adoption by the Board and shall be approved by stockholders in accordance with applicable state law and the Company’s articles of incorporation and bylaws within 12 months thereafter. If the stockholders fail to approve the Plan within 12 months after its adoption by the Board of Directors, then any Awards granted or sold under the Plan shall be rescinded and no additional grants or sales shall thereafter be made under the Plan. Subject to such approval by stockholders and to the requirement that no Shares may be issued hereunder prior to such approval, Stock Options and other Awards may be granted hereunder on and after adoption of the Plan by the Board. No grants of Stock Options and other Awards may be made hereunder after the tenth anniversary of the date the Plan is adopted by the Board or the date the Plan is approved by the Company’s stockholders, whichever is earlier.

SECTION 17. GOVERNING LAW

This Plan, all Awards and any controversy arising out of or relating to this Plan and all Awards shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Nevada as to matters within the scope thereof, without regard to conflict of law principles that would result in the application of any law other than the law of the State of Delaware.

DATE ADOPTED BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS:

September 5, 2023

DATE ADOPTED BY THE

SHAREHOLDERS: __________________________.

Annex II-15

ANNEX III

VIVAKOR, INC., SILVER FUELS DELHI, LLC AND WHITE CLAW COLORADO CITY, LLC

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

	June 30, 2023
	Vivakor, Inc.*			Silver Fuels Delhi, LLC		White Claw Colorado City, LLC		Eliminating Consolidation Adjustments			Consolidated
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,649,994		$	736,886	$	45,047	$	-		$	2,431,927
Cash and cash equivalents attributed to variable interest entity		206,044			-		-		-			206,044
Accounts receivable		85,742			3,370,709		-		-			3,456,451
Accounts receivable- related party		-			-		150,189		-			150,189
Prepaid expenses		46,652			8,974		70,088		-			125,714
Marketable securities		1,322,203			-		-		-			1,322,203
Inventories		-			49,519		-		-			49,519
Other assets		131,341			410,121		326,044		-			867,506
Total current assets		3,441,976			4,576,209		591,368		-			8,609,553

Other investments		25,541,418			-		-		(25,537,418	)		4,000
Notes receivable, less allowances of $1,162,007		-			6,399,264		4,390,433		(10,789,697	)		-
Property and equipment, net		21,855,148			1,692,284		1,608,451		-			25,155,883
Rights of use assets- operating leases		1,709,966			-		-		-			1,709,966
License agreement, net		1,711,738			-		-		-			1,711,738
Intellectual property, net⁽¹⁾		9,587,598			8,486,496		6,667,959		-			24,742,053
Goodwill⁽¹⁾		14,984,768			-		-		-			14,984,768
Total assets	$	78,832,612		$	21,154,253	$	13,258,211	$	(36,327,115	)	$	76,917,961

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	4,298,685		$	528,329	$	39,313	$	-		$	4,866,327
Accounts payable and accrued expenses- related parties		552,640			3,079,288		110,155		-			3,742,083
Accrued compensation		2,207,564			-		-					2,207,564
Operating lease liabilities, current		535,121			-		-		-			535,121
Finance lease liabilities, current		-			492,144		471,756		-			963,900
Loans and notes payable, current		11,695,545			-		-		(10,789,697	)		905,848
Loans and notes payable, current- related parties		359,241			-		-					359,241
Loans and notes payable, current attributed to variable interest entity		1,970,000			-		-		-			1,970,000
Loans and notes payable, current attributed to variable interest entity- related parties		1,351,845										1,351,845
Long-term debt (working interest royalty programs), current		13,341			-		-		-			13,341
Total current liabilities		22,983,982			4,099,761		621,224		(10,789,697	)		16,915,270

Operating lease liabilities, long term		1,268,790			-		-		-			1,268,790
Finance lease liabilities, long term		-			874,742		1,228,721		-			2,103,463
Loans and notes payable, long term		900,404			-		-		-			900,404
Loans and notes payable, long term- related parties		27,590,686			-		-		-			27,590,686
Loans and notes payable attributed to variable interest entity- related party		300,000			-		-		-			300,000
Long-term debt (working interest royalty programs)		4,321,212			-		-		-			4,321,212
Total liabilities		57,365,074			4,974,503		1,849,945		(10,789,697	)		53,399,825

Stockholders’ equity:
Convertible, preferred stock, $.001 par value; 3,400,000 shares authorized;
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 41,666,667 shares authorized; 18,064,838 were issued and outstanding as June 30, 2023		18,065			-		-		-			18,065
Additional paid-in capital		74,493,672			-		-		-			74,493,672
Treasury stock, at cost		(20,000	)		-		-		-			(20,000	)
Member’s equity		-			14,437,797		11,099,621		(25,537,418	)		-
Retained earnings (deficit)		(61,599,644	)		1,741,953		308,645		-			(59,549,046	)
Total Vivakor, Inc. stockholders’ equity		12,892,093			16,179,750		11,408,266		(25,537,418	)		14,942,691
Noncontrolling interest		8,575,445			-		-		-			8,575,445
Total stockholders’ equity		21,467,538			16,179,750		11,408,266		(25,537,418	)		23,518,136
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	78,832,612		$	21,154,253	$	13,258,211	$	(36,327,115	)	$	76,917,961

Notes

Includes the Company and all consolidated subsidiaries and variable interest entities as disclosed in its December 31, 2022 Form 10K filed on May 25, 2023, except for Silver Fuels Delhi, LLC and White Claw Colorado City, LLC

⁽¹⁾

Management is performing a valuation study to calculate the fair value of goodwill and acquired intangible assets from our acquired business combination on August 1, 2022, which it plans to complete within the one-year measurement period.

Annex III-1

VIVAKOR, INC., SILVER FUELS DELHI, LLC AND WHITE CLAW COLORADO CITY, LLC

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
	Vivakor, Inc.*			Silver Fuels Delhi, LLC			White Claw Colorado City, LLC			Consolidated
Revenues
Product revenue - third parties	$	70,936		$	22,694,272		$	-		$	22,765,208
Product revenue - related party		-			5,469,330			900,972			6,370,302
Total revenues		70,936			28,163,602			900,972			29,135,510
Cost of revenues		-			26,407,588			-			26,407,588
Gross profit		70,936			1,756,014			900,972			2,727,922
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing		1,217			-			-			1,217
General and administrative		2,896,593			276,126			64,405			3,237,124
Amortization and depreciation⁽¹⁾		443,589			661,472			347,326			1,452,387
Total operating expenses		3,341,399			937,598			411,731			4,690,728
Income (loss) from operations		(3,270,463	)		818,416			489,241			(1,962,806	)
Other income (expense):
Unrealized loss on marketable securities		(330,551	)		-			-			(330,551	)
Interest income		-			-			-			-
Interest expense		(249,763	)		(278,951	)		(381,659	)		(910,373	)
Interest expense- related parties		(1,558,784	)		-			-			(1,558,784	)
Other income		24,116			-			-			24,116
Total other income (expense)		(2,114,982	)		(278,951	)		(381,659	)		(2,775,592	)
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes		(5,385,445	)		539,465			107,582			(4,738,398	)
Provision for income taxes		(800	)		-			-			(800	)
Consolidated net income (loss)		(5,386,245	)		539,465			107,582			(4,739,198	)
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests		(359,933	)		-			-			(359,933	)
Net income (loss) attributable to company	$	(5,026,312	)	$	539,465		$	107,582		$	(4,379,265	)

Basic and diluted net loss per share	$	(0.28	)							$	(0.24	)

Basic weighted average common shares outstanding		18,064,838									18,064,838

Notes

⁽¹⁾

Annex III-2

ANNEX IV

VIVAKOR, INC., SILVER FUELS DELHI, LLC AND WHITE CLAW COLORADO CITY, LLC

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

	December 31, 2022
	Vivakor, Inc.*			Silver Fuels Delhi, LLC		White Claw Colorado City, LLC		Eliminating Consolidation Adjustments			Consolidated
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,906,863		$	58,919	$	135,404	$	-		$	3,101,186
Cash and cash equivalents attributed to variable interest entity		81,607			-		-		-			81,607
Accounts receivable		3,345			3,560,234		127		-			3,563,706
Prepaid expenses		-			2,091		29,432		-			31,523
Marketable securities, trading		1,652,754			-		-		-			1,652,754
Inventories		-			47,180		-		-			47,180
Other assets		105,964			410,121		184,213		-			700,298
Total current assets		4,750,533			4,078,545		349,176		-			9,178,254

Other investments		25,541,418			-		-		(25,537,418	)		4,000
Notes receivable, less allowances of $1,162,007		-			3,890,129		2,938,548		(6,828,677	)		-
Property and equipment, net		18,684,560			2,061,429		1,832,887		-			22,578,876
Rights of use assets- operating leases		1,880,056			-		-		-			1,880,056
License agreement, net		1,772,153			-		-		-			1,772,153
Intellectual property, net⁽¹⁾		10,000,563			10,220,274		8,030,216		-			28,251,053
Goodwill⁽¹⁾		12,678,108			-		-		-			12,678,108
Total assets	$	75,307,391		$	20,250,377	$	13,150,827	$	(32,366,095	)	$	76,342,500

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	5,491,160		$	3,126,364	$	71,011	$	-		$	8,688,535
Operating lease liabilities, current		471,991			-		-		-			471,991
Finance lease liabilities, current		-			492,144		471,756		-			963,900
Loans and notes payable, current		7,713,881			-		-		(6,828,677	)		885,204
Loans and notes payable, current attributed to variable interest entity		1,924,500			-		-		-			1,924,500
Long-term debt (working interest royalty programs), current		9,363			-		-		-			9,363
Total current liabilities		15,610,895			3,618,508		542,767		(6,828,677	)		12,943,493

Operating lease liabilities, long term		1,457,483			-		-		-			1,457,483
Finance lease liabilities, long term		-			991,584		1,307,376		-			2,298,960
Loans and notes payable, long term		28,683,950			-		-		-			28,683,950
Long-term debt (working interest royalty programs)		3,897,553			-		-		-			3,897,553
Total liabilities		49,649,881			4,610,092		1,850,143		(6,828,677	)		49,281,439

Stockholders’ equity:
Convertible, preferred stock, $.001 par value; 3,400,000 shares authorized;
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 41,666,667 shares authorized; 18,064,838 were issued and outstanding as December 31, 2022		18,065			-		-		-			18,065
Additional paid-in capital		74,026,163			-		-		-			74,026,163
Treasury stock, at cost		(20,000	)		-		-		-			(20,000	)
Member’s equity		-			14,437,797		11,099,621		(25,537,418	)		-
Retained earnings (deficit)		(56,573,332	)		1,202,488		201,063		-			(55,169,781	)
Total Vivakor, Inc. stockholders’ equity		17,450,896			15,640,285		11,300,684		(25,537,418	)		18,854,447
Noncontrolling interest		8,206,614			-		-		-			8,206,614
Total stockholders’ equity		25,657,510			15,640,285		11,300,684		(25,537,418	)		27,061,061
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	75,307,391		$	20,250,377	$	13,150,827	$	(32,366,095	)	$	76,342,500

Notes

⁽¹⁾

Annex IV-1

VIVAKOR, INC., SILVER FUELS DELHI, LLC AND WHITE CLAW COLORADO CITY, LLC

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

	Year Ended December 31, 2022
	Vivakor, Inc.*			Silver Fuels Delhi, LLC			White Claw Colorado City, LLC			Consolidated
Revenues
Product revenue - third parties	$	48,848		$	21,409,302		$	-		$	21,458,150
Product revenue - related party		-			5,890,909			758,164			6,649,073
Total revenues		48,848			27,300,211			758,164			28,107,223
Cost of revenues		-			25,239,962			-			25,239,962
Gross profit		48,848			2,060,249			758,164			2,867,261
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing		392,914			-			-			392,914
General and administrative		9,680,283			189,566			93,987			9,963,836
Bad debt expense		1,162,007			-			-			1,162,007
Impairment loss		11,138,830			-			-			11,138,830
Amortization and depreciation⁽¹⁾		2,050,614			540,859			362,156			2,953,629
Total operating expenses		24,424,648			730,425			456,143			25,611,216
Income (loss) from operations		(24,375,800	)		1,329,824			302,021			(22,743,955	)
Other income (expense):
Unrealized loss on marketable securities		(578,464	)		-			-			(578,464	)
Interest income		23,725			-			-			23,725
Interest expense		(1,290,987	)		(127,336	)		(100,958	)		(1,519,281	)
Gain on disposition of asset		2,456			-			-			2,456
Other income		131,207			-			-			131,207
Total other income (expense)		(1,712,063	)		(127,336	)		(100,958	)		(1,940,357	)
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes		(26,087,863	)		1,202,488			201,063			(24,684,312	)
Benefit from income taxes		4,436,691			-			-			4,436,691
Consolidated net income (loss)		(21,651,172	)		1,202,488			201,063			(20,247,621	)
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests		(809,199	)		-			-			(809,199	)
Net income (loss) attributable to company	$	(20,841,973	)	$	1,202,488		$	201,063		$	(19,438,422	)

Basic and diluted net loss per share	$	(1.30	)							$	(1.22	)

Basic weighted average common shares outstanding		15,985,103									15,985,103

Notes

⁽¹⁾

Annex IV-2

VIVAKOR, INC. 4101 NORTH THANKSGIVING WAY LEHI, UTAH 84043 VOTE BY INTERNET - www.proxyvote.com or scan the QR Barcode above Use the Internet to transmit your voting instructions and for electronic delivery of information up until 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on November 9, 2023. Have your proxy card in hand when you access the web site and follow the instructions to obtain your records and to create an electronic voting instruction form. ELECTRONIC DELIVERY OF FUTURE PROXY MATERIALS If you would like to reduce the costs incurred by our company in mailing proxy materials, you can consent to receiving all future proxy statements, proxy cards and annual reports electronically via e-mail or the Internet. To sign up for electronic delivery, please follow the instructions above to vote using the Internet and, when prompted, indicate that you agree to receive or access proxy materials electronically in future years. VOTE BY PHONE - 1-800-690-6903 Use any touch-tone telephone to transmit your voting instructions up until 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on November 9, 2023. Have your proxy card in hand when you call and then follow the instructions. VOTE BY MAIL Mark, sign and date your proxy card and return it in the postage-paid envelope we have provided or return it to Vote Processing, c/o Broadridge, 51 Mercedes Way, Edgewood, NY 11717. TO VOTE, MARK BLOCKS BELOW IN BLUE OR BLACK INK AS FOLLOWS: V24119-TBD KEEP THIS PORTION FOR YOUR RECORDS THIS PROXY CARD IS VALID ONLY WHEN SIGNED AND DATED. DETACH AND RETURN THIS PORTION ONLY VIVAKOR, INC. THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS A VOTE FOR PROPOSALS 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. For Against Abstain ! ! ! 1. Acquisition Stock Issuance Proposal. To approve the issuance of a number of shares of the Company’s common stock pursuant to Membership Interest Purchase Agreement (the “Acquisition Agreement”) entered into on June 15, 2022, by and among the Company and Jorgan Development, LLC, a Louisiana limited liability company and JBAH Holdings, LLC, a Texas limited liability company including the issuance of such shares upon the conversion of promissory notes issued pursuant to the Acquisition Agreement, as amended on October 28, 2022, which could, under certain circumstances that may occur in the future, exceeding 19.99% of the number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding as of the date of the Acquisition Agreements. 2. CEO Compensation Shares Issuance Proposal. To approve the annual compensation of $1,000,000 payable in shares of the Company’s common stock James Ballengee pursuant to an executive employment agreement, dated October 28, 2022, with respect to the Company’s appointment of Mr. Ballengee as Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the board of directors of the Company. 3. Equity Incentive Plan Proposal. To approve the Vivakor, Inc. 2023 Equity and Incentive Plan. 4. Charter Amendment Proposal. To approve and adopt an amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Company with respect to the forum selection provisions. 5. Charter Amendment Proposal. To approve and adopt an amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Company with respect to increase the authorized number of shares of the Company’s common stock to 200 million shares. 6. Adjournment Proposal. To approve one or more adjournments of the Special Meeting to a later date or dates, if necessary or appropriate, to solicit additional proxies if there are insufficient votes for the approval of the Acquisition Stock Issuance Proposal, CEO Compensation Shares Issuance Proposal, Equity Incentive Plan Proposal, and Charter Amendment Proposals at the time of the Special Meeting. Please sign exactly as your name(s) appear(s) hereon. When signing as attorney, executor, administrator, or other fiduciary, please give full title as such. Joint owners should each sign personally. All holders must sign. If a corporation or partnership, please sign in full corporate or partnership name by authorized officer. Signature [PLEASE SIGN WITHIN BOX] Date Signature (Joint Owners) Date

Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the Special Meeting: The Proxy Statement is available at www.proxyvote.com. V24120-TBD VIVAKOR, INC. PROXY FOR SPECIAL MEETING TO BE HELD ON NOVEMBER 10, 2023 THIS PROXY IS SOLICITED ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS The undersigned hereby appoints James Ballengee, our Chief Executive Officer, as proxy, with full power of substitution, to represent and to vote all the shares of common stock of VIVAKOR, INC. (the “Company”), which the undersigned would be entitled to vote, at the Company’s Special Meeting of the Stockholders of the Company to be held on November 10, 2023, at 2 p.m. Eastern Time and at any adjournments thereof, subject to the directions indicated on this Proxy Card. In their discretion, the proxy is authorized to vote upon any other matter that may properly come before the meeting or any adjournments thereof. THIS PROXY WILL BE VOTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE SPECIFICATIONS MADE, BUT IF NO CHOICES ARE INDICATED, THIS PROXY WILL BE VOTED FOR THE PROPOSALS LISTED ON THE REVERSE SIDE. Continued and to be signed on reverse side