UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

SCHEDULE 14A

Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Filed by the Registrant ☒

Filed by a Party other than the Registrant ☐

Check the appropriate box:

☐ Preliminary Proxy Statement

☐ Confidential, for Use of the Commission Only (as permitted by Rule 14a-6(e)(2))

☒ Definitive Proxy Statement

☐ Definitive Additional Materials

☐ Soliciting Material under §240.14a-12

JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC.

(Name of Registrant as Specified In Its Charter)

N/A

(Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement, if other than the Registrant)

Payment of Filing Fee (Check the appropriate box):

☒ No fee required

☐ Fee paid previously with preliminary materials:

☐ Fee computed on table in exhibit required by Item 25(b) per Exchange Act Rules 14a-6(i)(1) and 0-11

JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC.

June 24, 2026

Dear Stockholders:

We invite you to attend the 2026 virtual Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Annual Meeting”) of Jupiter Neurosciences, Inc. (“Jupiter,” the “Company,” “us,” “our,” or “we”). The Annual Meeting will be held in a virtual meeting format on July 22, 2026 at 10:00 a.m. Eastern Time. You may attend, vote and submit questions during the Annual Meeting via the Internet at https://edge.media-server.com/mmc/p/s8ptz3m9. We have designed the format of the Annual Meeting to ensure that you are afforded the same rights and opportunities to participate as you would at an in-person meeting, using online tools to ensure your access and participation.

Details regarding the meeting, the business to be conducted at the meeting, and information about the Company that you should consider when you vote your shares are described in the accompanying proxy statement.

At the annual meeting, seven persons will be elected to our board of directors. Our board of directors currently consists of six directors following the resignation of Allison W. Brady effective June 17, 2026. In addition, we will ask stockholders to ratify the appointment of Cherry Bekaert LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for our fiscal year ending December 31, 2026, to approve a proposed amendment to the Company’s 2025 Equity Incentive Plan, and to approve a proposed amendment to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, as amended. The board of directors recommends the approval of each of these proposals. Such other business will be transacted as may properly come before the annual meeting.

Your vote is very important. We encourage you to read the Proxy Statement and vote your shares as soon as possible. Whether or not you plan to attend, you can be sure your shares are represented at the Annual Meeting by promptly submitting your vote by the Internet, by telephone or by completing, signing and returning the enclosed proxy card by mail.

On behalf of the Board of Directors, thank you for your continued confidence and investment in Jupiter.

	/s/ Christer Rosén
	Christer Rosén
	Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC.

1001 North US HWY 1, Suite 504

Jupiter, FL 33477

Telephone: (561) 406-6154

NOTICE OF 2026 ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS OF JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC.

To Be Held on July 22, 2026 at 10:00 A.M. Eastern Time

To the Stockholders of Jupiter Neurosciences, Inc.:

The 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Annual Meeting”) of Jupiter Neurosciences, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Jupiter,” the “Company,” “us,” “our,” or “we”), will be held in a virtual meeting format on July 22, 2026 at 10:00 a.m. Eastern Time. You may attend, vote and submit questions during the Annual Meeting via the Internet at https://edge.media-server.com/mmc/p/s8ptz3m9. We have designed the format of the Annual Meeting to ensure that you are afforded the same rights and opportunities to participate as you would at an in-person meeting, using online tools to ensure your access and participation.

The purpose of the Annual Meeting is to consider and act upon the following matters:

1. To elect seven (7) directors, the names of whom are set forth in the accompanying Proxy Statement, each to serve until the 2027 annual meeting of stockholders and until their respective successors are duly elected and qualified;

2. To ratify the selection of Cherry Bekaert LLP (“Cherry Bekaert”) as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2026;

3. To approve an amendment to the Company’s 2025 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2025 Plan”) to increase the number of shares authorized for issuance under the 2025 Plan by 5,250,000 shares of Common Stock (the “Plan Amendment Proposal”);

4. To approve an amendment to the Company’s certificate of incorporation, as amended (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), to effect a reverse stock split at a ratio not less than 1:10 and not more than 1:100, or the “Reverse Stock Split,” such ratio and the implementation and timing of such Reverse Stock Split to be determined in the discretion of our board of directors (the “Reverse Stock Split Proposal”); and

5. To transact such other business as may properly be brought before the Annual Meeting and any adjournment or postponement thereof.

You are cordially invited to attend the virtual Annual Meeting. Only stockholders of record at the close of business on June 15, 2026 are entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the Annual Meeting or any adjournment or postponement of the meeting.

This Proxy Statement and the enclosed proxy card will be mailed to stockholders on or about June 24, 2026.

YOUR VOTE IS IMPORTANT. Whether you expect to attend the virtual Annual Meeting or not, please vote your shares by Internet, by telephone, or by completing, signing and returning the enclosed proxy card by mail. If you attend the virtual Annual Meeting, you may vote your shares over the Internet, even though you have previously signed and returned your proxy.

NOTE FOR STREET-NAME HOLDERS. If you hold your shares through a broker, bank or other nominee, you must instruct your nominee how to vote the shares held in your account. The nominee will give you the voting instruction form. If you do not provide voting instructions, we expect that your nominee will be permitted to vote only on routine matters.

	BY ORDER OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

	/s/ Christer Rosén
	Christer Rosén
	Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC.

PROXY STATEMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT THIS PROXY STATEMENT AND VOTING	2
PROPOSAL NO. 1: ELECTION OF DIRECTORS	8
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS	14
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION	15
PROPOSAL NO. 2: RATIFICATION OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM	27
PROPOSAL NO. 3: 2025 Plan AMENDMENT	28
PROPOSAL NO. 4: REVERSE SPLIT	34
PROPOSAL NO. 5: ADJOURNMENT	39
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.	40
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS	42
OTHER MATTERS	44
HOUSEHOLDING	44

JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC.

PROXY STATEMENT

ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS

TO BE HELD AT 10:00 A.M. EASTERN TIME ON JULY 22, 2026

This Proxy Statement and the enclosed form of proxy are furnished in connection with the solicitation of proxies by our board of directors for use at our 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, and any postponements, adjournments or continuations thereof (the “Annual Meeting”). The Annual Meeting will be held on July 22, 2026, at 10:00 a.m., Eastern Time, in a virtual meeting format. References in this Proxy Statement to “we,” “us,” “our” or “the Company” refer to Jupiter Neurosciences, Inc.

Although not part of this proxy statement, we are also sending, along with this proxy statement, our 2025 annual report, which includes our financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.

Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on July 22, 2026

This proxy statement, the notice of 2026 annual meeting of stockholders, our form of proxy card and our 2025 annual report (our “Annual Report”) to stockholders are available for viewing, printing and downloading at https://edge.media-server.com/mmc/p/s8ptz3m9. To view these materials please have your control number(s) available that appears on your proxy card. On this website, you can also elect to receive future distributions of our proxy statements and annual reports to stockholders by electronic delivery.

Additionally, you can find a copy of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, which includes our financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, on the website of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), at www.sec.gov, or in the “Overview” section of the “Investors” section of our website at www.jupiterneurosciences.com.. You may also obtain a printed copy of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, including our financial statements, free of charge, from us by sending a written request to: info@jupiterneurosciences.com. Exhibits will be provided upon written request and payment of an appropriate processing fee.

THE INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THE “QUESTION AND ANSWER” FORMAT

BELOW IS FOR YOUR CONVENIENCE ONLY AND IS MERELY A SUMMARY OF

THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS PROXY STATEMENT. YOU SHOULD

READ THIS ENTIRE PROXY STATEMENT CAREFULLY.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT THIS PROXY STATEMENT AND VOTING

Why am I receiving these materials?

We have sent you these proxy materials because our Board of Directors (the “Board”) is soliciting your proxy to vote at the virtual Annual Meeting of Stockholders. According to our records, you were a stockholder of the Company as of the end of business on June 15, 2026.

You are invited to attend the virtual Annual Meeting to vote on the proposals described in this Proxy Statement. However, you do not need to attend the virtual Annual Meeting to vote your shares. Instead, you may simply complete, sign and return the enclosed proxy card or vote via telephone or over the Internet.

What is a proxy?

A proxy is the legal designation of another person to vote the stock you own. That other person is called a proxy. If you designate someone as your proxy in a written document, that document is also called a proxy or a proxy card.

What is a proxy card?

By completing a proxy card, as more fully described herein, you are designating Christer Rosén, our Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, as your proxy for the virtual Annual Meeting and you are authorizing him to vote your shares at the Annual Meeting as you have instructed him on the proxy card. This way, your shares will be voted whether or not you attend the virtual Annual Meeting. Even if you plan to attend the virtual Annual Meeting, we urge you to vote in one of the ways described below so that your vote will be counted even if you are unable or decide not to attend the virtual Annual Meeting.

What is a proxy statement?

A proxy statement is a document that we are required by regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or “SEC,” to give you when we ask you to sign a proxy card designating Mr. Rosén as proxy to vote on your behalf.

What does it mean if I receive more than one set of proxy materials?

If you receive more than one set of proxy materials, your shares may be registered in more than one name or in different accounts. Please complete, sign, and return each proxy card to ensure that all of your shares are voted.

I share the same address with another Jupiter Neurosciences, Inc. stockholder. Why has our household only received one set of proxy materials?

The SEC’s rules permit us to deliver a single set of proxy materials to one address shared by two or more of our stockholders. This practice, known as “householding,” is intended to reduce the Company’s printing and postage costs. We have delivered only one set of proxy materials to stockholders who hold their shares through a bank, broker or other holder of record and share a single address, unless we received contrary instructions from any stockholder at that address. However, any such street name holder residing at the same address who wishes to receive a separate copy of the proxy materials may make such a request by contacting the bank, broker or other holder of record, or, the Company at 1001 North US HWY 1, Suite 504 Jupiter, FL 33477, Attn: Chief Administrative Officer. Street name holders residing at the same address who would like to request householding of Company materials may do so by contacting the bank, broker or other holder of record or the Chief Administrative Officer at the telephone number or address listed above.

How do I attend the Annual Meeting?

The Annual Meeting will be held on July 22, 2026 at 10:00 a.m., Eastern Time, in a virtual meeting format accessible at https://edge.media-server.com/mmc/p/s8ptz3m9.

We have decided to hold our Annual Meeting in a virtual meeting format only. We believe that hosting a virtual meeting will facilitate stockholder attendance and participation by enabling stockholders to participate from any location around the world, improve our ability to communicate more effectively with our stockholders, provide for cost savings to us and our stockholders, and reduce the environmental impact of our Annual Meeting. We have designed the virtual meeting to provide substantially the same opportunities to participate as you would have at an in-person meeting. We are providing opportunities to submit questions prior to the meeting to enable us to address appropriate questions at the Annual Meeting.

Who is entitled to vote, and how many votes do they have?

The Board has fixed the close of business on June 15, 2026 as the record date (the “Record Date”) for the determination of stockholders entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the Annual Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof. Only stockholders of record of the Common Stock at the close of business on the Record Date will be entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the virtual Annual Meeting or any adjournment thereof. On the Record Date, there were 48,224,110 shares of Common Stock outstanding. Each share of Common Stock represents one vote that may be voted on each proposal that may come before the virtual Annual Meeting. As of the Record Date, the Company has no voting shares other than the Common Stock.

What is the difference between holding shares as a record holder and as a beneficial owner (holding shares in street name)?

If your shares are registered in your name with our transfer agent, Equiniti Trust Company, LLC, you are the “record holder” of those shares. If you are a record holder, these proxy materials have been provided directly to you by the Company.

If your shares are held in a stock brokerage account, a bank or other holder of record, you are considered the “beneficial owner” of those shares held in “street name.” If your shares are held in street name, these proxy materials have been forwarded to you by that organization. The organization holding your account is considered to be the stockholder of record for purposes of voting at the virtual Annual Meeting. As the beneficial owner, you have the right to instruct this organization on how to vote your shares.

Who may attend the virtual Annual Meeting?

Only record holders and beneficial owners of our Common Stock, or their duly authorized proxies, may attend the virtual Annual Meeting.

What am I voting for at the virtual Annual Meeting?

Stockholders will vote on the following items at the virtual Annual Meeting:

2. To ratify the selection of Cherry Bekaert as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2026;

3. To approve an amendment to our 2025 Plan to increase the number of shares authorized for issuance under the 2025 Plan by 5,250,000 shares of Common Stock;

4. To approve an amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation to effect a Reverse Stock Split at a ratio of not less than 1:10 and not more than 1:100, such ratio and the implementation and timing of such Reverse Stock Split to be determined in the discretion of our Board; and

5. To transact such other business as may properly be brought before the Annual Meeting and any adjournment or postponement thereof.

What if another matter is properly brought before the Annual Meeting?

The Board knows of no other matters that will be presented for consideration at the virtual Annual Meeting. If any other matters are properly brought before the virtual Annual Meeting, it is the intention of the persons named in the accompanying proxy to vote on those matters in accordance with their best judgment.

How do I vote?

For your convenience, record holders of our Common Stock have FOUR methods of voting:

VOTE AT THE MEETING VIA THE INTERNET. You can vote at the virtual meeting via the Internet at https://edge.media-server.com/mmc/p/s8ptz3m9, which link will also be made available to you during the Annual Meeting. You will need to use the password and control number appearing on your enclosed proxy card or voting instruction form. You can use the Internet to transmit your voting instructions up until 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on Tuesday, July 21, 2026. Internet voting is available 24 hours a day. If you vote via the Internet, you do not need to vote by telephone or return a proxy card.

VOTE BY PHONE. To vote by telephone, please visit https://edge.media-server.com/mmc/p/s8ptz3m9 to view the materials and to obtain the toll-free telephone number to call. You may transmit your voting instructions from any touch-tone telephone up until 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on Tuesday, July 21, 2026. Telephone voting is available 24 hours a day. If you vote by telephone, you do not need to vote over the Internet or return a proxy card.

VOTE BY MAIL. You can vote by marking, dating and signing the enclosed proxy card and returning it in the postage-paid envelope provided to Equiniti Trust Company, LLC, Attn: Proxy Tabulation Department, PO Box 500, Newark, NJ 07101. Please promptly mail your proxy card to ensure that it is received prior to the closing of the polls at the virtual Annual Meeting.

If you vote by Internet, telephone or mail, you will be designating Christer Rosén, our Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, as your proxy. He may act on your behalf, and will have the authority to appoint a substitute to act as proxy.

Submitting a proxy will not affect your right to attend the Annual Meeting and vote electronically.

BENEFICIAL OWNERS: SHARES REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF A BROKER OR BANK. If your shares are registered in the name of your broker, bank or other agent, you are the “beneficial owner” of those shares and those shares are considered as held in “street name.” If you are a beneficial owner of shares registered in the name of your broker, bank or other agent, you should have received a proxy card and voting instructions with these proxy materials from that organization rather than directly from us. Simply complete and mail the proxy card to ensure that your vote is counted. You may be eligible to vote your shares electronically over the Internet or by telephone. A large number of banks and brokerage firms offer Internet and telephone voting. If your bank or brokerage firm does not offer Internet or telephone voting information, please complete and return your proxy card in the self-addressed, postage-paid envelope provided. To vote in person at the virtual Annual Meeting, you must first obtain a valid legal proxy from your broker, bank or other agent and then register in advance to attend the Annual Meeting. Follow the instructions from your broker or bank included with these proxy materials, or contact your broker or bank to request a legal proxy form.

After obtaining a valid legal proxy from your broker, bank or other agent, to then register to attend the Annual Meeting, you must submit proof of your legal proxy reflecting the number of your shares along with your name and email address to Equiniti Trust Company, LLC. Requests for registration should be directed to proxy@equiniti.com or to facsimile number 718-765-8730. Written requests can be mailed to:

Equiniti Trust Company, LLC

Attn: Proxy Tabulation Department

PO Box 500

Newark, NJ 07101

Requests for registration must be labeled as “Legal Proxy” and be received no later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on July 20, 2026.

You will receive a confirmation of your registration by email after we receive your registration materials. You may attend the Annual Meeting and vote your shares at https://edge.media-server.com/mmc/p/s8ptz3m9 during the meeting. The password for the meeting is jupiter2026. Follow the instructions provided to vote. We encourage you to access the meeting prior to the start time leaving ample time for the check-in.

Is my vote confidential?

Yes, your vote is confidential. Only the inspector of elections, individuals who help with processing and counting your votes and persons who need access for legal reasons will have access to your vote. This information will not be disclosed, except as required by law.

What constitutes a quorum?

To carry on business at the virtual Annual Meeting, we must have a quorum. A quorum is present when a majority of the voting power, as of the Record Date, are represented in person or by proxy. Thus, the holders of shares must be represented in person or by proxy to have a quorum at the virtual Annual Meeting. Your shares will be counted towards the quorum only if you submit a valid proxy (or one is submitted on your behalf by your broker, bank or other nominee) or if you vote in person at the Annual Meeting. Abstentions and broker non-votes will be counted towards the quorum requirement. Shares owned by us are not considered outstanding or considered to be present at the virtual Annual Meeting. If there is not a quorum at the Annual Meeting, either the chairperson of the virtual Annual Meeting or our stockholders entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting may adjourn the Annual Meeting.

How will my shares be voted if I give no specific instruction?

We must vote your shares as you have instructed. If there is a matter on which a stockholder of record has given no specific instruction but has authorized us generally to vote the shares, they will be voted as follows:

2. To ratify the selection of Cherry Bekaert as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2026;

3. To approve an amendment to our 2025 Plan to increase the number of shares authorized for issuance under the 2025 Plan by 5,250,000 shares of Common Stock;

5. To transact such other business as may properly be brought before the Annual Meeting and any adjournment or postponement thereof.

If other matters properly come before the Annual Meeting and you do not provide specific voting instructions, your shares will be voted at the discretion of Mr. Rosén, the Board’s designated proxy.

If your shares are held in street name, see “What is a Broker Non-Vote?” below regarding the ability of banks, brokers and other such holders of record to vote the uninstructed shares of their customers or other beneficial owners in their discretion.

Uninstructed Shares

All proxies that are executed or are otherwise submitted over the internet, by mail or in person will be voted on the matters set forth in the accompanying notice of virtual Annual Meeting in accordance with the instructions set forth herein. However, if no choice is specified on a proxy as to one or more of the proposals, the proxy will be voted in accordance with the Board’s recommendations on such proposals as set forth in this Proxy Statement.

How are votes counted?

Votes will be counted by the inspector of election appointed for the virtual Annual Meeting, who will separately count, for the election of directors, “For,” “Withhold” and broker non-votes; and, with respect to the other proposals, votes “For” and “Against,” abstentions and broker non-votes. Abstentions and broker non-votes will not be included in the tabulation of the voting results of any of the proposals and, therefore, will have no effect on such proposals.

What is a broker non-vote?

A “broker non-vote” occurs when shares held by a broker in “street name” for a beneficial owner are not voted with respect to a proposal because (1) the broker has not received voting instructions from the stockholder who beneficially owns the shares and (2) the broker lacks the authority to vote the shares at their discretion.

Proposal No. 1 for the election of directors is considered a non-discretionary matter, and a broker will lack the authority to vote uninstructed shares at their discretion on such proposal. Broker non-votes will not have any effect on the outcome of the voting on this proposal.

Proposal No. 2 for the ratification of the selection of Cherry Bekaert as our independent registered public accounting firm for our fiscal year ending December 31, 2026 is considered a discretionary matter, and a broker will be permitted to exercise its discretion to vote uninstructed shares on the proposal. As such, there will not be any broker non-votes regarding this proposal.

Proposal No. 3 for the approval of the Plan Amendment Proposal is considered a non-discretionary matter, and a broker will lack the authority to vote uninstructed shares at their discretion on such proposal. Broker non-votes will not have any effect on the outcome of the voting of this proposal.

Proposal No. 4 for the approval of an amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation to effect a Reverse Stock Split at a ratio of not less than 1:10 and not more than 1:100, such ratio and the implementation and timing of such Reverse Stock Split to be determined in the discretion of our Board, is considered a non-discretionary matter, and a broker will lack the authority to vote uninstructed shares at their discretion on such proposal. Broker non-votes will not have any effect on the outcome of the voting of this proposal.

How many votes are required to approve each proposal?

The table below summarizes the proposals that will be voted on, the vote required to approve each item and how votes are counted:

Proposal	Votes Required	Voting Options
Proposal No. 1: Elect Directors	In an uncontested election, a director nominee must be elected by a majority of the votes cast, at the virtual Annual Meeting. A “majority of the votes cast” means that the number of votes cast “for” a director must exceed the number of votes cast “against” that director (with abstentions and broker non-votes not counted as a vote cast with respect to that director). In a contested election, the person receiving a plurality of the votes cast, up to the number of directors to be elected in such election, shall be deemed elected. This means that, in an uncontested election, the nominees receiving the highest number of affirmative “FOR” votes will be elected as directors.	“FOR ALL” “WITHHOLD ALL” “FOR ALL EXCEPT_____”

Proposal No. 2: Ratify Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	The affirmative vote of the holders of a majority in voting power of the votes cast affirmatively or negatively (excluding abstentions) at the virtual Annual Meeting by the holders entitled to vote thereon.	“FOR” “AGAINST” “ABSTAIN”

Proposal No. 3: Approve Plan Amendment Proposal	The affirmative vote of the holders of a majority in voting power of the votes cast affirmatively or negatively (excluding abstentions) at the virtual Annual Meeting by the holders entitled to vote thereon.	“FOR” “AGAINST” “ABSTAIN”

Proposal No. 4: Approve Reverse Stock Split Proposal	The affirmative vote of the holders of a majority in voting power of the votes cast affirmatively or negatively (excluding abstentions) at the virtual Annual Meeting by the holders entitled to vote thereon.	“FOR” “AGAINST” “ABSTAIN”

What is an abstention?

An abstention is a stockholder’s affirmative choice to decline to vote on a proposal. Under Delaware law, abstentions are counted as shares present and entitled to vote at the virtual Annual Meeting. Generally, unless provided otherwise by applicable law, our Bylaws provide for a majority vote standard for uncontested director elections. Director nominees will be elected by a majority of the votes cast. A “majority of the votes cast” means that the number of votes cast “for” a director nominee exceeds the number of votes cast “against” such director nominee, with “abstentions” and “broker non-votes” not counted as a vote cast either “for” or “against” that nominee’s election. However, director nominees will be elected by a plurality of the votes cast in connection with a contested election.

What are the voting procedures?

In voting by proxy regarding the election of directors, you may vote in favor of all nominees, withhold your votes as to all nominees, or withhold your votes as to specific nominees. Regarding the other proposals, you may vote in favor of or against the proposal, or you may abstain from voting on the proposals. You should specify your respective choices on the accompanying proxy card or your vote instruction form.

Is my proxy revocable?

If you are a registered stockholder, you may revoke or change your vote at any time before the proxy is voted by filing with our Chief Administrative Officer, at 1001 North US Hwy 1, Suite 504 Jupiter, FL 33477, either a written notice of revocation or a duly executed proxy bearing a later date. If you attend the Annual Meeting virtually, you may revoke your proxy or change your proxy vote by voting at the virtual meeting. Your attendance at the virtual Annual Meeting will not by itself revoke a previously granted proxy.

If your shares are held in street name or you hold shares through a retirement or savings plan or other similar plan, please check your voting instruction card or contact your broker, nominee, trustee or administrator to determine whether you will be able to revoke or change your vote.

Who is paying for the expenses involved in preparing this Proxy Statement?

All of the expenses involved in preparing, assembling and mailing these proxy materials and all costs of soliciting proxies will be paid by us. In addition to the solicitation by mail, proxies may be solicited by our officers and other employees by telephone or in person. Such persons will receive no compensation for their services other than their regular salaries. Arrangements will also be made with brokerage houses and other custodians, nominees and fiduciaries to forward solicitation materials to the beneficial owners of the shares held of record by such persons, and we may reimburse such persons for reasonable out of pocket expenses incurred by them in forwarding solicitation materials.

Do I have dissenters’ rights of appraisal?

The Company’s stockholders do not have appraisal rights under Delaware law or under the Company’s governing documents with respect to the matters to be voted upon at the Annual Meeting.

How can I find out the results of the voting at the Annual Meeting?

Preliminary voting results will be announced at the Annual Meeting. In addition, final voting results will be disclosed in a Current Report on Form 8-K that we expect to file with the SEC within four business days after the virtual Annual Meeting. If final voting results are not available to us in time to file a Current Report on Form 8-K with the SEC within four business days after the virtual Annual Meeting, we intend to file a Current Report on Form 8-K to publish preliminary results and, within four business days after the final results are known to us, file an additional Current Report on Form 8-K to publish the final results.

When are stockholder proposals due for the 2027 annual meeting of stockholders?

Any stockholder who intends to present a proposal for inclusion in our proxy materials for our 2027 annual meeting of stockholders pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, must deliver the proposal to the Chief Administrative Officer of the Company at our principal executive offices, located at 1001 North US Hwy 1, Suite 504 Jupiter, FL 33477, not less than 120 days prior to the date of this proxy statement. However, if the date of next year’s Annual Meeting is changed by more than 30 days from the date of this year’s meeting, then the deadline is a reasonable time before the Company begins to print and send its proxy materials.

Any stockholder who intends to nominate a candidate for election to the Board at the 2027 annual meeting of stockholders or who intends to submit a proposal pursuant to our Bylaws without including such proposal in our proxy materials pursuant to Rule 14a-8 must deliver timely notice of the nomination or proposal to the Chief Administrative Officer of the Company at our principal executive offices, located at 1001 North US Hwy 1, Suite 504 Jupiter, FL 33477.

To be timely, a stockholder’s notice must be delivered to the Chief Administrative Officer at the principal executive offices of the Company not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the first anniversary of the date of the preceding year’s annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event that the date of the annual meeting is advanced by more than 30 days or delayed by more than 90 days from such anniversary date, or if no annual meeting was held in the preceding year, notice by a stockholder to be timely must be delivered not earlier than the 120th day prior to such annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the 90th day prior to such annual meeting or the 10th day following the day on which the Company first makes a public announcement of the date of the annual meeting.

In addition, if the number of directors to be elected to the Board is increased and there is no public announcement by the Company specifying the size of the increased Board at least 100 days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting, a stockholder’s notice will also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for any new positions created by such increase, if it is delivered to the Chief Administrative Officer no later than the close of business on the 10th day following the day on which such public announcement is first made and such notice otherwise complies with the Bylaws.

The written notice must include certain information and satisfy the requirements set forth in our Bylaws, a copy of which will be sent to any stockholder upon written request to the Chief Administrative Officer of the Company.

Excluding Proposal No. 1 (Election of Directors), do the Company’s executive officers and Directors have an interest in any of the matters to be acted upon at the Annual Meeting?

No.

Are any of the proposals conditioned on one another?

No.

PROPOSAL NO. 1:
ELECTION OF DIRECTORS

Our Board currently consists of six (6) directors following the resignation of Allison W. Brady from the Board effective June 17, 2026, and their terms will expire at the virtual Annual Meeting. Directors are elected at the virtual Annual Meeting of stockholders each year and hold office until such director’s successor is elected and qualified, or until such director’s earlier death, resignation or removal.

At the virtual Annual Meeting, seven (7) directors are to be elected to the Board. Five of the Board’s nominees are incumbent directors, while Julie Kampf has chosen not to stand for re-election and Ms. Brady resigned from the Board effective June 17, 2026. Andrew J. Cutler, M.D. and Tomas J. Philipson are potential new directors standing for election at the virtual Annual Meeting. Christer Rosén, Marshall Hayward, Ph.D., Alison D. Silva, Nicholas H. Hemmerly, Holger Weis, Andrew J. Cutler, M.D. and Tomas J. Philipson have each been nominated to serve as directors and have agreed to stand for election. In selecting the director nominees that we are proposing for election, our Board has focused on selecting experienced board candidates who will work together constructively with a focus on operational excellence, financial strength, and the growth of stockholder value. Other than Mr. Rosén, Dr. Hayward and Ms. Silva, all of our Board’s director nominees are independent. If these nominees are elected at the Annual Meeting, then each nominee will serve for a term expiring at the 2027 annual meeting of stockholders and until his or her successor is duly elected and qualified. Our Bylaws provide for a majority vote standard for uncontested director elections. Director nominees will be elected by a majority of the votes cast. A “majority of the votes cast” means that the number of votes cast “for” a director nominee exceeds the number of votes cast “against” such director nominee, with “abstentions” and “broker non-votes” not counted as a vote cast either “for” or “against” that nominee’s election. However, director nominees will be elected by a plurality of the votes cast in connection with a contested election.

If no contrary indication is made, proxies will be voted “FOR” all nominees listed below or, in the event that any such individual is not a candidate or is unable to serve as a director at the time of the election (which is not currently expected), for any nominee who is designated by our Board to fill the vacancy.

Nominees for Election to the Board for a Term Expiring at the 2027 Annual Meeting of Stockholders

Name	Age	Positions
Christer Rosén	74	Chairman of Board, Chief Executive Officer and Director
Marshall Hayward, Ph.D.	71	Chief Scientific Officer and Director
Alison D. Silva	47	President, Chief Business Officer, and Director
Nicholas H. Hemmerly	43	Independent Director
Andrew J. Cutler, M.D.	65	Director Candidate
Tomas J. Philipson	64	Director Candidate
Holger Weis	63	Independent Director

Christer Rosén. Mr. Rosén is our Co-Founder and has served as our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of our Board since January 1, 2016. From 1997 through May 2015, Mr. Rosén founded and served as the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of EffRx Pharmaceuticals. Mr. Rosén together with Marshall Hayward, our Chief Scientific Officer, held the same position at EffRx, invented, developed and received FDA and EU approvals of a drug treating osteoporosis, Binosto^®. Binosto^® is distributed in several parts of the world and gave Mr. Rosén a full insight in all the aspects of pharmaceutical development, regulatory paths and distribution. Mr. Rosén is a graduate of Malmo Trade Schools/Lund University, Sweden, with a degree in Computer Sciences in 1971. Mr. Rosén is well-qualified to serve as a director given his proven leadership in founding and leading pharmaceutical companies and successfully bringing FDA- and EU-approved drugs to market.

Marshall Hayward, Ph.D. Dr. Hayward is one of our Co-Founders, serves as our Chief Scientific Officer, and is a member of our Board since January 1, 2016. Since May 2013, Dr. Hayward has served as the managing member of Marshall Hayward Associates LLC. From September 2003 to May 2013, Dr. Hayward served as the Chief Scientific Officer of EffRx Pharmaceuticals where he was instrumental in all aspects of the development and approvals of the Binosto® product. Dr. Hayward received a Ph.D. in Biochemistry from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1982 and did postdoctoral work there in molecular biology. Dr. Hayward received a B.S. degree (in Biochemistry with High Honor) from the Honors College of Michigan State University in 1977. Dr. Hayward does not hold, and has not previously held, any directorships in any reporting companies. Dr. Hayward is well-qualified to serve as a director due to his extensive scientific expertise and leadership in developing and securing regulatory approvals for pharmaceutical products.

Alison D. Silva. Alison Silva has served as a member of our Board since 2018 and, as of June 2026, serves as our President and Chief Operating Officer. She previously served as our President and Chief Business Officer from September 1, 2021 until her promotion. Previously, Ms. Silva was the Chief Executive Officer of Cotinga Pharmaceuticals, formerly Critical Outcome Technologies, from July 2016 through August 2021. She continues to serve on the Board of Cotinga Pharmaceuticals since 2015, and management consultant to several organizations, including EMA Wellness and The Orphan Group. Before joining Cotinga, Alison co-founded The Microbiome Company in 2013, later rebranded to Synlogic Therapeutics, where she served as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer until June 2016. Other relevant positions include co-founder and Vice President, Development at Marina Biotech; co-founder and Director at The Orphan Group; Director, Drug Development at Cequent Pharmaceuticals; COO at SLA Pharma; and various other positions in biotech and pharma. Ms. Silva obtained her undergraduate degree in Biology from Clark University in 2001 and her graduate degree from the University of Massachusetts Medical Center in 2002. Ms. Silva is well-qualified to serve as a director given her extensive leadership experience in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries.

Nicholas H. Hemmerly. Mr. Hemmerly has served as an independent director at Jupiter Neurosciences, Inc. since September 8, 2021. Mr. Hemmerly has been Managing Director and Co- Head of Investment Banking for Clear Street LLC since June 2023. Mr. Hemmerly has over 18 years of investment banking experience with broad transactional experience having completed approximately $25 billion of debt and equity transactions. Prior to joining Clear Street Mr. Hemmerly was Head of Investment Banking at Bridgeway Capital Partners, a merchant banking firm, From March 2016 to February 2020 Mr. Hemmerly was the Director, Head of Life Sciences at PricewaterhouseCoopers LLC where he led U.S. M&A and capital raising in the life sciences space with a focus on specialty and generic pharmaceuticals as well as healthcare consumer products and contract manufacturing. Prior to PwC from June 2014 to March 2016, Mr. Hemmerly was a Vice President at Jefferies LLC with a focus on executing M&A and financing transactions within the pharmaceutical and life sciences sectors. Prior experience includes investment banking roles in JPMorgan Chase & Co.’s Healthcare Group as well as JMP Securities LLC’s Healthcare Group. Mr. Hemmerly began his investment banking career as an analyst with Wachovia Securities. Mr. Hemmerly also serves as an independent director for Liberty Star Uranium & Metals Corp. Mr. Hemmerly is well-qualified to serve as a director, including as a member of the Audit Committee, given his extensive investment banking experience and deep expertise in life sciences and pharmaceutical transactions, including leadership roles advising companies on M&A and capital raising across the healthcare sector.

Andrew J. Cutler. Dr. Andrew J. Cutler is a psychiatrist with extensive experience in clinical research, academia, and the biopharmaceutical industry. Since 2019, Dr. Cutler has served as Chief Medical Officer of the Neuroscience Education Institute. He currently serves as Chief Medical Officer of EMA Wellness since 2025 and as Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at SUNY Upstate Medical University since 2025, where he previously served as Clinical Associate Professor of Psychiatry from 2018 to 2025. Dr. Cutler previously served as Executive Vice President and Chief Medical Officer of Meridien Research from 2016 until his retirement in 2019. He founded Florida Clinical Research Center, LLC in 1998 and served as its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Medical Officer from 2004 until its sale to Meridien Research in 2016. Earlier in his career, he served as an Assistant Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Chicago from 1994 to 1995. Dr. Cutler has conducted clinical research since 1993 and has served as a principal investigator on more than 400 clinical trials across a range of central nervous system and other medical indications, including ADHD, bipolar disorder, depression, and schizophrenia. He has authored more than 200 peer reviewed scientific publications and has served on numerous medical and scientific advisory boards.

Dr. Cutler received a B.S. in Biology from Haverford College and an M.D. from the University of Virginia School of Medicine, where he was elected to the Alpha Omega Alpha honor medical society. He completed his internship and residencies in Internal Medicine and Psychiatry at the University of Virginia Health Sciences Center. He is board certified in Internal Medicine by the American Board of Internal Medicine and in Psychiatry by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology and is a Certified Physician Investigator designated by the Association of Clinical Research Professionals. The Board believes that Dr. Cutler is qualified to serve as a director because of his extensive clinical research experience, leadership roles in clinical stage healthcare organizations, expertise in CNS pharmacology and psychopharmacology, and experience advising pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies.

Tomas J. Philipson. Dr. Tomas J. Philipson is a health care economist with experience across academia, government, and the private sector. Since June 2020, Dr. Philipson has been self-employed through his consulting firm, TJP Economic Consulting Inc., where he advises senior executives at biopharmaceutical and health care companies on economic and policy matters. Dr. Philipson currently serves as Managing Partner of MEDA Ventures since 2023. Dr. Philipson serves on the advisory boards of Diagnos Inc. since 2025, GATC Health Corp. (Medical Advisory Board) since 2022, iRemedy Healthcare Companies, Inc. since 2021, Epigenetix, Inc. since 2021, Nested Knowledge, Inc. since 2022, and M2i Global, Inc. since 2024. He is also a member of the Anthropic Economic Advisory Council since 2025. Dr. Philipson co-founded Precision Health Economics LLC in 2007 and served as Managing Partner until its acquisition in 2015. Dr. Philipson previously served in senior roles in the U.S. federal government, including as Acting Chairman of the White House Council of Economic Advisers from June 2019 to June 2020 and as a member of the Council of Economic Advisers from 2017 to 2020. Earlier in his career, he served as a senior economic advisor to the leadership of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services in 2003 and 2004. He was appointed to the Key Indicator Commission of the U.S. Congress in 2012 and has served as a scientific advisor to the House of Representatives’ 21st Century Cures initiative (2015) and the Biden Cancer Initiative (2017). Dr. Philipson is the Daniel Levin Chair of Public Policy Emeritus at the University of Chicago, where he held appointments in the Department of Economics, the Law School, and the Harris School of Public Policy. Dr. Philipson received a B.A. in Mathematics from Uppsala University, an M.A. in Mathematics from Claremont Graduate University, and an M.A. and Ph.D. in Economics from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.

Holger Weis. Mr. Weis has served as an independent director at Jupiter Neurosciences, Inc. since September 8, 2021. Since December 2020, he has served as a Director, member of Audit and Compensation Committees as Alaunos Therapeutics, Inc. and was appointed CEO in July 2025. He is the principal of Weis Advisors, Inc., a company that provides consulting services to life science companies, since founding the company in April 2018. Between December 2011 and April 2018, Mr. Weis served many roles at DemeRx, Inc. including COO, CFO, President as well as a Consultant. From August 2010 to November 2011 Mr. Weis served as CFO for EnSA Holdings, LLC. Prior to his time at EnSA Holdings, LLC. Mr. Weis served as Vice President & CFO, Secretary and Treasurer at NovaVision, Inc. from January 2006 to August 2010. Prior to that, he served as the Chief Financial Officer & Treasurer of GMP Companies, Inc., a company that develops and commercializes pharmaceutical, medical device and diagnostic technologies, from 2000 to 2005. Earlier in his career, Mr. Weis served as a Senior Manager at Ernst & Young, a multinational professional services company, from 1986 to 2000. Mr. Weis received a Bachelor of Business Administration in Accounting from the University of Georgia in 1985 and is a Certified Public Accountant. Mr. Weis is well-qualified to serve as a director and as the chair of the Audit Committee given his extensive financial and operational leadership across multiple life science companies and his expertise in accounting, corporate governance, and strategic advisory roles within the biotechnology and pharmaceutical sectors.

Family Relationships

There are no family relationships among any of our officers or directors except that Christer Rosén, our Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, is the father of Alexander Rosén, our Chief Administrative Officer.

Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings

No executive officer, member of the Board or control person of our Company has been involved in any legal proceeding listed in Item 401(f) of Regulation S-K in the past 10 years.

Corporate Governance

Board Leadership Structure and Board’s Role in Risk Oversight

We have not separated the positions of Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer. Christer Rosén has served as our Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer since January 1, 2016. We believe that combining the positions of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer allows for focused leadership of our organization which benefits us in our relationships with investors, customers, suppliers, employees and other constituencies. We believe that consolidating the leadership of the Company under Mr. Rosén is the appropriate leadership structure for our Company and that any risks inherent in that structure are balanced by the oversight of our other independent directors on our Board. However, no single leadership model is right for all companies and at all times. The Board recognizes that depending on the circumstances, other leadership models, such as the appointment of a lead independent director, might be appropriate. Accordingly, the Board may periodically review its leadership structure. In addition, the Board holds executive sessions in which only independent directors are present.

Our Board is generally responsible for the oversight of corporate risk in its review and deliberations relating to our activities. Our principal source of risk falls into two categories, financial and product commercialization. The audit committee oversees management of financial risks; our Board regularly reviews information regarding our cash position, liquidity and operations, as well as the risks associated with each. The Board regularly reviews plans, results and potential risks related to our business. The Board is also expected to oversee risk management as it relates to our compensation plans, policies and practices for all employees including executives and directors, particularly whether our compensation programs may create incentives for our employees to take excessive or inappropriate risks which could have a material adverse effect on the Company.

Director Independence

As required under the Nasdaq Marketplace Rules, a majority of the members of a listed company’s Board must qualify as “independent,” as affirmatively determined by the Board. Our Board considered certain relationships between our directors and us when determining each director’s status as an “independent director” under Rule 5605(a)(2) of the Nasdaq Marketplace Rules. Based upon such definition and SEC regulations, the Board has affirmatively determined that currently three of its six directors (Christer Rosén, Marshall Hayward, Ph.D., and Alison D. Silva) are non-independent directors of the Company and three of its six directors (Nicholas H. Hemmerly, Julie Kampf, and Holger Weis) are “independent” directors under Nasdaq listing standards. Following the resignation of Ms. Brady from the Board effective June 17, 2026, the Board does not currently have a majority of independent directors as required by Nasdaq Listing Rule 5605(b)(1). The Company intends to regain compliance with this requirement following the election of directors at the Annual Meeting.

Committees of the Board

Audit Committee

We have established an audit committee (“Audit Committee”), which currently consists of two independent directors: Holger Weis and Nicholas Hemmerly, following the resignation of Ms. Brady from the Board effective June 17, 2026. Mr. Weis is the chair of the Audit Committee. Mr. Weis qualifies as an audit committee financial expert under SEC rules and as a financially sophisticated audit committee member under the Nasdaq Capital Market rules. Our Audit Committee operates under a written charter that is reviewed annually. A copy of the charter is posted on the Corporate Governance section of our website, at www.jupiterneurosciences.com. As a result of Ms. Brady’s resignation, the Audit Committee currently has fewer than three members, which is below the minimum required by Nasdaq Listing Rule 5605(c)(2)(A). The Company intends to appoint an additional independent director to the Audit Committee following the election of directors at the Annual Meeting to regain compliance.

Our Audit Committee is authorized to:

	●	approve and retain the independent auditors to conduct the annual audit of our financial statements;
	●	review the proposed scope and results of the audit;
	●	review and pre-approve audit and non-audit fees and services;
	●	review accounting and financial controls with the independent auditors and our financial and accounting staff;
	●	review and approve transactions between us and our directors, officers and affiliates;
	●	recognize and prevent prohibited non-audit services;
	●	establish procedures for complaints received by us regarding accounting matters; and
	●	oversee internal audit functions, if any.

Compensation Committee

We have established a compensation committee (“Compensation Committee”), which currently consists of two independent directors: Nicholas H. Hemmerly and Julie Kampf, following the resignation of Ms. Brady from the Board effective June 17, 2026. Mr. Hemmerly is the chair of the Compensation Committee. Our Compensation Committee operates under a written charter that is reviewed annually. A copy of the charter is posted on the Corporate Governance section of our website, at www.jupiterneurosciences.com. As a result of not standing for re-election to the Board at the Annual Meeting, Ms. Kampf will no longer serve on this committee following the Annual Meeting.

The Compensation Committee is authorized to:

	●	review and determine the compensation arrangements for management
	●	establish and review general compensation policies with the objective to attract and retain superior talent, to reward individual performance and to achieve our financial goals;
	●	administer our incentive compensation and benefit plans and purchase plans;
	●	oversee the evaluation of the Board and management; and
	●	review the independence of any compensation advisors.

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

We have established a nominating and corporate governance committee (“Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee”), which consists of three independent directors: Julie Kampf, Holger Weis and Nicholas H. Hemmerly. Ms. Kampf is the chair of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee operates under a written charter, a copy of which is posted on the Corporate Governance section of our website, at www.jupiterneurosciences.com. As a result of not standing for re-election to the Board at the Annual Meeting, Ms. Kampf will no longer serve on this committee following the Annual Meeting.

The functions of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, among other things, include:

	●	identifying individuals qualified to become board members and recommending director;
	●	nominees and board members for committee membership;
	●	developing and recommending to our board corporate governance guidelines;
	●	review and determine the compensation arrangements for directors; and
	●	overseeing the evaluation of our Board and its committees and management.

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

None of our executive officers currently serves, or in the past year has served, as a member of the Board or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers on our Board or Compensation Committee.

Director Nominations

Our full Board recommends candidates for nomination for election at the annual meeting of the stockholders. We have not formally established any specific, minimum qualifications that must be met or skills that are necessary for directors to possess. In general, in identifying and evaluating nominees for director, the Board considers educational background, diversity of professional experience, knowledge of our business, integrity, professional reputation, independence, wisdom, and the ability to represent the best interests of our stockholders. The Compensation Committee shall also consider any nominations of director candidates validly made by stockholders in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations and the provisions of the Company’s charter documents.

Board and Committee Meetings and Director Attendance

During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Board held ten meetings, the Audit Committee held four meetings, the Compensation Committee held three meetings, and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee did not meet. During 2025, each director attended more than 75% of the combined meetings of the Board and each committee on which he or she served.

Code of Ethics

The Company has adopted a Code of Ethics and Business Conduct that applies to all of its directors, officers (including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, and any person performing similar functions) and employees. The Code of Ethics and Business Conduct is available on our website at www.jupiterneurosciences.com.

Compensation Recovery Policy

On March 26, 2025, the Board approved a new compensation recovery policy (the “Clawback Policy”) in compliance with SEC and Nasdaq rules and regulations. The Clawback Policy provides that in the event we are required to prepare an “Accounting Restatement” (as defined in the Clawback Policy), we shall, subject to certain limited exceptions as described in the Clawback Policy, recover certain incentive-based compensation from executive officers who are or have been designated as an “officer” by the Board in accordance with Exchange Act Rule 16a-1(f). Compensation that shall be recovered under the Clawback Policy generally includes “Incentive-Based Compensation” (as defined in the Clawback Policy) received during the three-year period prior to the “Accounting Restatement Determination Date” (as defined in the Clawback Policy) that exceeds the amount that otherwise would have been received by the “officer” had such compensation been determined based on the restated amounts in the financial restatement. Under the Clawback Policy, “Incentive-Based Compensation” includes any compensation that is granted, earned, or vested based, in whole or in part, upon the attainment of a Financial Reporting Measure (as defined in the Clawback Policy).

Communications with the Board

Stockholders and other interested parties can send communications to one or more members of the Board by writing to the Board or specific directors or group of directors at the following address: Jupiter Neurosciences, Inc. Board, c/o Chief Administrative Officer, 11621 Kew Gardens Ave, Suite 210, Palm Beach Gardens, Florida, 33410. Any communication will be promptly distributed by our Chief Administrative Officer to the individual director or directors named in the communication or to all directors if addressed to the entire Board.

Insider Trading Policy

We have adopted an Insider Trading Policy (the “Insider Trading Policy”) containing policies and procedures governing the purchase, sale and/or other dispositions of our securities by Company Insiders (including officers and directors as well as certain other employees identified pursuant to the Insider Trading Policy), or by us. Such policies and procedures are reasonably designed to promote compliance with insider trading laws, rules and regulations, and any listing standards applicable to us.

Indemnification and Limitation on Liability of Directors

Our certificate of incorporation provides that our officers and directors will be indemnified by us to the fullest extent authorized by Delaware law, as it now exists or may in the future be amended. In addition, our certificate of incorporation provides that our directors will not be personally liable for monetary damages to us for breaches of their fiduciary duty as directors, except to the extent such exemption from liability or limitation thereof is not permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”).

Our certificate of incorporation also permits us to maintain insurance on behalf of any officer, director or employee for any liability arising out of his or her actions, regardless of whether Delaware law would permit such indemnification. We have purchased a policy of directors’ and officers’ liability insurance that insures our officers and directors against the cost of defense, settlement or payment of a judgment in some circumstances and insures us against our obligations to indemnify our officers and directors.

These provisions may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against our directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions also may have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigation against officers and directors, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our stockholders. Furthermore, a stockholder’s investment may be adversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against officers and directors pursuant to these indemnification provisions.

We believe that these provisions and the insurance are necessary to attract and retain talented and experienced officers and directors.

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

The following table sets forth the names and ages of the members of our executive officers and the positions held by each, in addition to those executive officers who are directors of our Board as disclosed above.

Name	Age	Position
*Executive Officers:*
Saleem Elmasri	40	Chief Financial Officer and Secretary
Alexander Rosén	34	Chief Administrative Officer

Saleem Elmasri. Mr. Elmasri has served as our Chief Financial Officer and Secretary since January 1, 2023. From September 2020 to December 2022, he served as a Principal at Titan Advisory Services LLC, a boutique advisory firm focused on providing collaborative and customized financial operations and CFO services to early-stage companies. From September 2020 to April 2021, Mr. Elmasri was a consultant to DLA LLC, a professional services firm providing clients internal audit, accounting advisory, and corporate finance services. From June 2019 to August 2020, he was Managing Director at DLA LLC. From September 2007 to March 2018, Mr. Elmasri worked as Senior Director for Pine Hill Group LLC, a boutique accounting and transaction advisory firm, From March 2018 to June 2019, he worked as Senior Director for Pine Hill Group LLC, a boutique accounting and transaction advisory firm. From September 2007 to March 2018, Mr. Elmasri worked as Senior Manager for PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, a Big-4 Accounting and Global Professional Services firm. Mr. Elmasri is a CPA and seasoned business professional who has a passion for delivering meaningful and measurable value to clients through practical solutions. He has over 15 years of experience in financial and management consulting. Mr. Elmasri began his career at PricewaterhouseCoopers and worked on several of the firm’s Fortune 500 clients, primarily focused on the Life Sciences and Pharmaceutical industry. From PwC, he transitioned to lead advisory practices at boutique consulting firms, specializing in transaction and complex accounting advisory. Mr. Elmasri received B.S. degrees in Accounting and Finance from Rutgers University in 2007.

Alexander Rosén. Mr. Rosén is a Co-Founder and our Chief Administrative Officer and has been with Jupiter Neurosciences, Inc. since its inception. Previously, Mr. Rosén held the position of Head of Administration at X-Vax Technology, Inc. from November 2020 to June 2021. From February 2019 to November 2020, Mr. Rosén served as the Controller at X-Vax Technology, Inc. Mr. Rosén attended Halmstad University, Sweden from 2009 - 2012. Mr. Rosén does not hold, and has not previously held, any directorships in any reporting companies.

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

2025 Summary Compensation Table

The following summary compensation table provides information regarding the compensation earned during our fiscal years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 to certain of our executive officers, who we collectively refer to as our “named executive officers” or “NEOs”.

Name and Principal Position	Year			Salary ($)		Bonus ($)		Stock Awards ($)		Option Awards ($)(1)			Non- Equity Incentive Plan Compensation ($)	Non- qualified Deferred Compensation Earnings ($)	All Other Compensation ($)			Total ($)
Christer Rosén		2025			441,000		210,000		-		-					20,407	(2)		671,407
Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer		(2024	)		134,750		-		-		-					19,326	(2)		154,076

Saleem Elmasri		2025			240,000		72,000		-		102,128	(3)				-			414,128
Chief Financial Officer		(2024	)		127,006		-		-		-					-			127,006

Marshall Hayward		2025			176,400		50,000		-		-					16,145	(4)		242,445
Chief Scientific Officer		(2024	)		107,800		-		-		-								107,800

Alexander Rosén		2025			252,000		72,000		-		-					15,665	(4)		339,665
Chief Administration Officer		(2024	)		77,000		-		-		-					26,655	(4)		103,655

Alison Silva		2025			315,000		45,000		-		255,320	(3)				16,779	(5)		632,099
Chief Business Officer and President		(2024	)		96,250		-		-							42,294	(5)		138,544

(1) Amounts reflect the aggregate grant-date fair value of stock awards computed in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718. See Note 6 - Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) - Stock Options.

(2) Includes healthcare benefits and 401(k) contribution of $20,407 and $19,326, respectively, for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

(3) On July 2, 2025, the Compensation Committee, after review of the Company’s Final 2025 Budget, approved equity incentives to compensate certain officers of the Company for their role in the success of the Company’s initial public offering completed in December 2024 and their willingness to forgo additional compensation and forgive debts owed to them by the Company. The equity incentives approved by the Compensation Committee consisted of stock options granted to the following individuals pursuant to the Company’s 2023 Equity Incentive Plan: Alison Silva, Chief Business Officer, received a grant of 255,320 options and Saleem Elmasri, Chief Financial Officer, received a grant of 102,128 options. The stock options have an exercise price of $1.19 per share, representing the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the Nasdaq Stock Market on the date of grant. The stock options have a ten (10) year term and vest in equal installments over a three (3) year period beginning on the grant date of July 2, 2025, subject to the officers’ continued employment at the time of vesting.

(4) Includes healthcare benefits and 401(k) contribution of $15,665 and $26,655, respectively, for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

(5) Includes healthcare benefits and 401(k) contribution of $16,779 and $42,294 respectively, for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

Executive Compensation Philosophy

Our Board determines the compensation given to our executive officers in their sole determination. Our Board reserves the right to pay our executives or any future executives a salary, and/or issue them shares of common stock issued in consideration for services rendered and/or to award incentive bonuses which are linked to our performance, as well as to the individual executive officer’s performance. This package may also include long-term stock-based compensation to certain executives, which is intended to align the performance of our executives with our long-term business strategies. Additionally, while our Board has not granted any performance-based stock options to date, the Board reserves the right to grant such options in the future, if the Board in its sole determination believes such grants would be in the best interests of the Company.

Incentive Bonus

The Board may grant incentive bonuses to our executive officers in its sole discretion, if the Board believes such bonuses are in the Company’s best interest, after analyzing our current business objectives and growth, if any, and the amount of revenue we are able to generate each month, which revenue is a direct result of the actions and ability of such executives.

Long-Term, Stock-Based Compensation

In order to attract, retain and motivate executive talent necessary to support the Company’s long-term business strategy we may award our executives and any future executives with long-term, stock-based compensation in the future, at the sole discretion of our Board.

NEO Employment Agreements

Employment Agreement with Christer Rosén, dated as of September 1, 2021

Mr. Rosén’s agreement provides that he will serve as the Chief Executive Officer of the Company and provides that he will be paid an annual base salary of $420,000. Mr. C. Rosén is eligible to receive an annual cash bonus, with the target amount of the bonus equal to 50% of the base salary in the year to which the bonus relates, and the actual amount of the bonus may be greater or less than the target amount, and will ultimately be determined by the Board.

Amended Employment Agreement with Christer Rosén, dated as of September 2, 2021

Mr. Rosén’s employment agreement was amended to update the term of his employment to expire on the earlier of the third anniversary of the date of signing and the termination of his employment in accordance with the terms of the agreement. The amendment also clarifies that the executive’s statements and assurances apply not only to shares of common stock issued to Mr. Rosen but also to stock options granted to him.

Amended Employment Agreement with Christer Rosén, dated as of December 18, 2023

Mr. Rosén’s employment agreement was amended on December 18, 2023. The amendment reduces Mr. C. Rosén’s annual base salary from $420,000 to $84,000, effective retrospectively to October 1, 2023, until the time that the Company has raised additional capital from the sale of its securities in the amount of $1,500,000 (the “Reduction Period”). Upon the expiration of the Reduction Period, the base salary shall be adjusted to be 105% the original base salary. The remainder of the original agreement shall remain in full force. Upon the expiration of the Reduction Period, which occurred on December 4, 2024, the base salary was adjusted to be 105% the original base.

Employment Agreement with Marshall Hayward, dated as of September 1, 2021

Dr. Hayward’s agreement provides that he will serve as the Chief Scientific Officer of the Company and that he will be paid an annual base salary of $336,000. Dr. Hayward is eligible to receive an annual cash bonus, with the target amount of the bonus equal to 30% of the base salary in the year to which the bonus relates, and the actual amount of the bonus may be greater or less than such target amount, and will ultimately be determined by the Board.

Amended Employment Agreement with Marshall Hayward, dated as of September 29, 2023

Dr. Hayward’s employment agreement was amended to update the term of his employment to expire on the earlier of the third anniversary of the date of signing and the termination of his employment in accordance with the terms of the agreement. The amendment also clarifies that the executive’s statements and assurances apply not only to shares of common stock issued to Dr. Hayward but also to stock options granted to him.

Amended Employment Agreement with Marshall Hayward, dated as of December 18, 2023

Dr. Hayward’s employment agreement was amended on December 18, 2023. The amendment reduces Dr. Hayward’s annual base salary from $336,000 to $67,200, effective retrospectively to October 1, 2023, until the time that the Company has raised additional capital from the sale of its securities in the amount of $1,500,000 (the “Reduction Period”). Upon the expiration of the Reduction Period, the base salary shall be adjusted to be 105% the original base salary. The remainder of the original agreement shall remain in full force.

Amended Employment Agreement with Marshall Hayward, dated as of February 1, 2025

Dr. Hayward’s employment agreement was amended on February 1, 2025. The amendment increased Dr. Hayward’s annual base salary from $67,200 to $176,400. The previously planned increase to $352,800 never went into effect.

Employment Agreement with Alexander Rosen, dated as of June 1, 2021

Mr. Rosen’s agreement provides that he will serve as the Chief Administrative Officer of the Company and that he will be paid an annual base salary of $240,000. Mr. Rosen is eligible to receive an annual cash bonus, with the target amount of the bonus equal to 30% of the base salary in the year to which the bonus relates, and the actual amount of the bonus may be greater or less than such target amount, and will ultimately be determined by the Board.

Amended Employment Agreement with Alexander Rosen, dated as of September 29, 2021

Mr. Rosen’s employment agreement was amended to update the term of his employment to expire on the earlier of the third anniversary of the date of signing and the termination of his employment in accordance with the terms of the agreement. The amendment also clarifies that the executive’s statements and assurances apply not only to shares of common stock issued to Mr. Rosen but also to stock options granted to him.

Amended Employment Agreement with Alexander Rosen, dated as of December 18, 2023

Mr. Rosen’s employment agreement was amended on December 18, 2023. The amendment reduces Mr. Rosen’s annual base salary from $240,000 to $48,000 effective retrospectively to October 1, 2023, until the time that the Company has raised additional capital from the sale of its securities in the amount of $1,500,000 (the “Reduction Period”). Upon the expiration of the Reduction Period, the base salary shall be adjusted to be 105% the original base salary. The remainder of the original agreement shall remain in full force. Upon the expiration of the Reduction Period, which occurred on December 4, 2024, the base salary was adjusted to be 105% the original base.

Employment Agreement with Alison Silva, dated as of September 1, 2021

Ms. Silva’s agreement provides that she will serve as the President and Chief Business Officer of the Company and that she will be paid an annual base salary of $300,000. Ms. Silva is eligible to receive an annual cash bonus, with the target amount of the bonus equal to 30% of the base salary in the year to which the bonus relates, and the actual amount of the bonus may be greater or less than such target amount and will ultimately be determined by the Board.

Amended Employment Agreement with Alison Silva, dated as of September 29, 2021

Ms. Silva’s employment agreement was amended to update the term of her employment to expire on the earlier of the third anniversary of the date of signing and the termination of her employment in accordance with the terms of the agreement. The amendment also clarifies that the executive’s statements and assurances apply not only to shares of common stock issued to Ms. Silva but also to stock options granted to her.

Amended Employment Agreement with Alison Silva, dated as of December 18, 2023

Ms. Silva’s employment agreement was amended on December 18, 2023. The amendment reduces Ms. Silva’s annual base salary from $300,000 to $60,000, effective retrospectively to October 1, 2023, until the time that the Company has raised additional capital from the sale of its securities in the amount of $1,500,000 (the “Reduction Period”). Upon the expiration of the Reduction Period, the base salary shall be adjusted to be 105% the original base salary. The remainder of the original agreement shall remain in full force. Upon the expiration of the Reduction Period, which occurred on December 4, 2024, the base salary was adjusted to be 105% the original base.

Amended Employment Agreement with Alison Silva, dated as of June 5, 2026

Ms. Silva’s employment agreement was amended on June 5, 2026. The amendment reflects her appointment as the Company’s President and Chief Operating Officer and increases her annual base salary from $315,000 to $340,200.

Provisions Applicable to All NEO Employment Agreements

Each of the employment agreements described above has a term of three years, which will be automatically extended for one or more additional terms of one year each unless either party provides notice to the other party of their desire to not so renew the term at least 30 days prior to the expiration of the then-current term. Each of the agreements is “at will,” meaning that either party may terminate the employment at any time and for any reason, subject to the provisions of the applicable agreement.

Each executive is entitled to fringe benefits consistent with the practices of the Company, and to the extent the Company provides similar benefits to the Company’s executive officers, and is entitled to be reimbursed for all reasonable and necessary out-of-pocket business, entertainment and travel expenses incurred in connection with the performance of their duties.

Each agreement may be terminated by the Company at any time, either with or without “Cause”, and by the applicable executive any time, either with or without “Good Reason”. “Cause” is defined as (i) violation of any material written rule or policy of the Company for which violation any employee may be terminated pursuant to the written policies of the Company reasonably applicable to an executive employee; (ii) misconduct by the applicable executive to the material detriment of the Company; (iii) the applicable executive’s conviction (by a court of competent jurisdiction, not subject to further appeal) of, or pleading guilty to, a felony; (iv) the applicable executive’s gross negligence in the performance of their duties and responsibilities to the Company as described in the agreement; or the applicable executive’s material failure to perform their duties and responsibilities to the Company as described in the agreement (other than any such failure resulting from their incapacity due to physical or mental illness or any such failure subsequent to the applicable executive delivered a notice of termination without Cause by the Company or delivering a notice of termination for Good Reason to the Company), in either case after written notice from the Board to the applicable executive of the specific nature of such material failure and such executive’s failure to cure such material failure within 10 days following receipt of such notice.

“Good Reason” is defined as (i) at any time following a Change of Control (as defined below), a material diminution by the Company of compensation and benefits (taken as a whole) provided to the applicable executive immediately prior to a Change of Control; (ii) reduction in base salary or target or maximum bonus, other than as part of an across-the-board reduction in salaries of management personnel; (iii) the relocation of the applicable executive’s principal executive office to a location more than 50 miles further from their principal executive office immediately prior to such relocation; or (iv) a material breach by the Company of any of the terms and conditions of the agreement which the Company fails to correct within 10 days after the Company receives written notice from the applicable executive of such violation.

A “Change of Control” will be deemed to have occurred if, after the effective date of the applicable agreement, (i) the beneficial ownership (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act) of securities representing more than 50% of the combined voting power of the Company is acquired by any “person” as defined in sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act (other than the Company, any subsidiary of the Company, or any trustee or other fiduciary holding securities under an employee benefit plan of the Company), (ii) the merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another corporation where the stockholders of the Company, immediately prior to the consolidation or merger, would not, immediately after the consolidation or merger, beneficially own (as such term is defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, shares representing in the aggregate 50% or more of the combined voting power of the securities of the corporation issuing cash or securities in the consolidation or merger (or of its ultimate parent corporation, if any) in substantially the same proportion as their ownership of the Company immediately prior to such merger or consolidation, or (iii) the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets to an entity, other than a sale or disposition by the Company of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets to an entity, at least 50% of the combined voting power of the voting securities of which are owned directly or indirectly by stockholders of the Company, immediately prior to the sale or disposition, in substantially the same proportion as their ownership of the Company immediately prior to such sale or disposition.

If the Company terminates any executive’s employment for “Cause”, or the applicable executive terminates their employment without “Good Reason”, then the Company will pay to the applicable executive any unpaid base salary and benefits then owed or accrued, and any unreimbursed expenses, any unvested portion of any equity granted to the applicable executive under the agreement or any other agreements with the Company will immediately be forfeited as of the termination date without any further action of the parties; and all of the parties’ rights and obligations under the applicable agreement cease, other than such rights or obligations which arose prior to the termination date or in connection with such termination, and subject to those provisions which survive the termination.

If the Company terminates the applicable executive’s employment without “Cause”, or the applicable executive terminates their employment with “Good Reason”, the Company will pay to the applicable executive any base salary and benefits then owed or accrued and any unreimbursed expenses; the Company will pay to the applicable executive an amount in cash equal to the target annual performance bonus for which they would have been eligible with respect to the year in which termination of their employment occurs multiplied by a portion of the year for which the agreement was in place; the Company will continue to pay to the applicable executive the base salary that would have been paid to them for the following 12 month period, assuming that the agreement and the term had remained in effect; any equity grant already made to the applicable executive will, to the extent not already vested, be deemed automatically vested; and all of the parties’ rights and obligations under the agreement cease, other than such rights or obligations which arose prior to the termination date or in connection with such termination, and subject to those provisions which survive the termination.

Each of the agreements also provides for certain “gross-up payments” being payable to the applicable executive if it is determined that any payment or benefit provided to the executive under the agreement or otherwise, whether or not in connection with a Change of Control would constitute an “excess parachute payment” within the meaning of section 280G of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), such that the payment would be subject to an excise tax under section 4999 of the Code.

Each of the agreements contains customary confidentiality provisions, and customary provisions relating to intellectual property created by the executive (i.e., a “work-made-for-hire” provision).

Each of the agreements also contains a customary non-solicitation provision, wherein the executive agrees that they shall not, directly or indirectly solicit or discuss with any employee of the Company the employment of such Company employee by any other commercial enterprise other than the Company, nor recruit, attempt to recruit, hire or attempt to hire any such Company employee on behalf of any commercial enterprise other than the Company, provided that this provision does not prohibit the executive from undertaking a general recruitment advertisement provided that the foregoing is not targeted towards any person identified above, or from hiring, employing or engaging any such person who responds to such general recruitment advertisement. This provision applies for three years.

Each of the agreements also contains a customary non-compete provision, wherein the executive agrees that they will not, directly or indirectly: (i) engage in any other business, association or relationship of any kind with any business which provides, in whole or in part, the same or similar services and/or products offered by the Company as part of its existing or developing businesses which directly or indirectly competes with the Company; nor (ii) solicit or accept, or induce any person to reduce goods or services to the Company, or in any manner assist others in the solicitation, acceptance, or inducement of, any business transactions with Company’s existing and prospective clients, accounts, suppliers and/or other persons or entities with whom the Company has had business relationships (or whom the Company had specifically identified for a prospective business relationship). This provision applies for nine months.

Each of the agreements contains a “Blue Pencil” provision, wherein if a court of competent jurisdiction determines that any of the non-solicit or non-compete provisions are unenforceable, the court may substitute an enforceable restriction in place of any restriction deemed unenforceable.

Each of the agreements is governed by Florida law, and contains customary representations and warranties and other miscellaneous provisions.

Elements of Compensation

Our NEOs were provided with the following primary elements of compensation in 2025 and 2024:

Base Salary

Christer Rosén and Marshall Hayward received a fixed base salary in an amount determined by the Board based on a number of factors, including:

	●	The nature, responsibilities and duties of the officer’s position;

	●	The officer’s expertise, demonstrated leadership ability and prior performance;

	●	The officer’s salary history and total compensation, including annual cash bonuses and long-term incentive compensation; and

	●	The competitiveness of the market for the officer’s services.

See “—2025 Summary Compensation Table.”

Stock Option Grants

On July 2, 2025, the Company granted non-qualified stock options to purchase 102,128 of common stock to Saleem Elmasri, CPA at an exercise price of $1.19 per share.

On July 2, 2025, the Company granted non-qualified stock options to purchase 255,320 of common stock to Alison Silva at an exercise price of $1.19 per share.

Other Benefits

In 2025 and 2024 our NEOs were reimbursed for healthcare expenses. The amounts paid to our NEOs in respect of these benefits is reflected above in “—2025 Summary Compensation Table.”

2023 Equity Incentive Plan

Overview

The Board and stockholders holding a majority of the Company’s voting capital approved and adopted the 2023 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2023 Plan”) on October 4, 2023, respectively. The 2023 Plan authorizes the issuance of up to an aggregate maximum of 4,012,785 shares of the common stock, subject to adjustment as described in the 2023 Plan. The 2023 Plan shall be administered by the Board or one or more committees appointed by the Board or another committee (“Administrator”). The Administrator, in its discretion, selects the individuals to whom awards may be granted, the time or times at which such awards are granted, and the terms of such awards. The 2023 Plan authorizes the Company to grant stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted shares, restricted share unit, cash awards, other awards, and performance-based awards. Awards may be granted to the Company’s officers, employees, directors and consultants.

The purpose of 2023 Plan is to promote the success of the Company and to increase stockholder value by providing an additional means through the grant of awards to attract, motivate, retain and reward selected employees and other eligible persons. The Board may, at any time, terminate or, from time to time, amend, modify or suspend this 2023 Plan, in whole or in part. To the extent then required by applicable law or any applicable stock exchange or required under the Internal Revenue Code to preserve the intended tax consequences of the 2023 Plan, or deemed necessary or advisable by the Board, the 2023 Plan and any amendment to the 2023 Plan shall be subject to stockholder approval. Unless earlier terminated by the Board, the 2023 Plan will terminate 10 years from the date of adoption.

Authorized Shares

A total of 4,012,785 shares of the Company’s common stock are authorized for issuance pursuant to the 2023 Plan. Subject to adjustment as provided in the 2023 Plan, the maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issued under the 2023 Plan will be cumulatively increased on January 1, 2024 and on each subsequent January 1, by a number of shares equal to the smaller of (i) 3% of the number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding on the immediately preceding December 31, or (ii) an amount determined by the Board.

Additionally, if any award issued pursuant to the 2023 Plan expires or becomes exercisable without having been exercised in full, is surrendered pursuant to an exchange program, as provided in the 2023 Plan, or, with respect to restricted stock, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance units or performance shares, is forfeited to or repurchased by the Company due to the failure to vest, the unpurchased shares (or for awards other than stock options or stock appreciation rights the forfeited or repurchased shares) which were subject thereto will become available for future grant or sale under the 2023 Plan (unless the 2023 Plan has terminated). With respect to stock appreciation rights, only shares actually issued pursuant to a stock appreciation right will cease to be available under the 2023 Plan; all remaining shares under stock appreciation rights will remain available for future grant or sale under the 2023 Plan (unless the 2023 Plan has terminated). Shares that have actually been issued under the 2023 Plan under any award will not be returned to the 2023 Plan and will not become available for future distribution under the 2023 Plan; provided, however, that if shares issued pursuant to awards of restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance shares or performance units are repurchased by the Company or are forfeited to the Company due to the failure to vest, such shares will become available for future grant under the 2023 Plan. Shares used to pay the exercise price of an award or to satisfy the tax withholdings related to an award will become available for future grant or sale under the 2023 Plan. To the extent an award under the 2023 Plan is paid out in cash rather than shares, such cash payment will not result in reducing the number of shares available for issuance under the 2023 Plan.

Notwithstanding the foregoing and, subject to adjustment as provided in the 2023 Plan, the maximum number of shares that may be issued upon the exercise of incentive stock options will equal the aggregate share number stated above, plus, to the extent allowable under Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and regulations promulgated thereunder, any shares that become available for issuance under the 2023 Plan in accordance with the foregoing.

Plan Administration

The Board or one or more committees appointed by the Board will administer the 2023 Plan. In addition, if the Company determines it is desirable to qualify transactions under the 2023 Plan as exempt under Rule 16b-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, such transactions will be structured with the intent that they satisfy the requirements for exemption under Rule 16b-3. Subject to the provisions of the 2023 Plan, the administrator has the power to administer the 2023 Plan and make all determinations deemed necessary or advisable for administering the 2023 Plan, including the power to determine the fair market value of the Company’s common stock, select the service providers to whom awards may be granted, determine the number of shares covered by each award, approve forms of award agreements for use under the 2023 Plan, determine the terms and conditions of awards (including the exercise price, the time or times at which the awards may be exercised, any vesting acceleration or waiver or forfeiture restrictions and any restriction or limitation regarding any award or the shares relating thereto), construe and interpret the terms of the 2023 Plan and awards granted under it, prescribe, amend and rescind rules relating to the 2023 Plan, including creating sub-plans and modify or amend each award, including the discretionary authority to extend the post-termination exercisability period of awards (provided that no option or stock appreciation right will be extended past its original maximum term), and to allow a participant to defer the receipt of payment of cash or the delivery of shares that would otherwise be due to such participant under an award. The administrator also has the authority to allow participants the opportunity to transfer outstanding awards to a financial institution or other person or entity selected by the administrator and to institute an exchange program by which outstanding awards may be surrendered or cancelled in exchange for awards of the same type which may have a higher or lower exercise price or different terms, awards of a different type or cash, or by which the exercise price of an outstanding award is increased or reduced. The administrator’s decisions, interpretations and other actions are final and binding on all participants.

Eligibility

Awards under the 2023 Plan, other than incentive stock options, may be granted to employees (including officers) of the Company or a subsidiary, members of the Company’s Board, or consultants engaged to render bona fide services to the Company or a subsidiary. Incentive stock options may be granted only to employees of the Company or a subsidiary.

Stock Options

Stock options may be granted under the 2023 Plan. The exercise price of options granted under the 2023 Plan generally must at least be equal to the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The term of each option will be as stated in the applicable award agreement; provided, however, that the term may be no more than 10 years from the date of grant. The administrator will determine the methods of payment of the exercise price of an option, which may include cash, shares or other property acceptable to the administrator, as well as other types of consideration permitted by applicable law. After the termination of service of an employee, director or consultant, they may exercise their option for the period of time stated in their option agreement. In the absence of a specified time in an award agreement, if termination is due to death or disability, the option will remain exercisable for 12 months. In all other cases, in the absence of a specified time in an award agreement, the option will remain exercisable for three months following the termination of service. An option may not be exercised later than the expiration of its term. Subject to the provisions of the 2023 Plan, the administrator determines the other terms of options.

Stock Appreciation Rights

Stock appreciation rights may be granted under the 2023 Plan. Stock appreciation rights allow the recipient to receive the appreciation in the fair market value of the Company’s common stock between the exercise date and the date of grant. Stock appreciation rights may not have a term exceeding 10 years. After the termination of service of an employee, director or consultant, they may exercise their stock appreciation right for the period of time stated in their stock appreciation right agreement. In the absence of a specified time in an award agreement, if termination is due to death or disability, the stock appreciation rights will remain exercisable for 12 months. In all other cases, in the absence of a specified time in an award agreement, the stock appreciation rights will remain exercisable for three months following the termination of service. However, in no event may a stock appreciation right be exercised later than the expiration of its term. Subject to the provisions of the 2023 Plan, the administrator determines the other terms of stock appreciation rights, including when such rights become exercisable and whether to pay any increased appreciation in cash or with shares of the Company’s common stock, or a combination thereof, except that the per share exercise price for the shares to be issued pursuant to the exercise of a stock appreciation right will be no less than 100% of the fair market value per share on the date of grant.

Restricted Stock

Restricted stock may be granted under the 2023 Plan. Restricted stock awards are grants of shares of the Company’s common stock that vest in accordance with terms and conditions established by the administrator. The administrator will determine the number of shares of restricted stock granted to any employee, director or consultant and, subject to the provisions of the 2023 Plan, will determine the terms and conditions of such awards. The administrator may impose whatever conditions to vesting it determines to be appropriate (for example, the administrator may set restrictions based on the achievement of specific performance goals or continued service to the Company); provided, however, that the administrator, in its sole discretion, may accelerate the time at which any restrictions will lapse or be removed. Recipients of restricted stock awards generally will have voting and dividend rights with respect to such shares upon grant without regard to vesting, unless the administrator provides otherwise. Shares of restricted stock that do not vest are subject to the Company’s right of repurchase or forfeiture.

Restricted Stock Units

RSUs may be granted under the 2023 Plan. RSUs are bookkeeping entries representing an amount equal to the fair market value of one share of the Company’s common stock. Subject to the provisions of the 2023 Plan, the administrator determines the terms and conditions of RSUs, including the vesting criteria and the form and timing of payment. The administrator may set vesting criteria based upon the achievement of Company-wide, divisional, business unit or individual goals (including continued employment or service), applicable federal or state securities laws or any other basis determined by the administrator in its discretion. The administrator, in its sole discretion, may pay earned RSUs in the form of cash, in shares of the Company’s common stock or in some combination thereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the administrator, in its sole discretion, may accelerate the time at which any vesting requirements will be deemed satisfied.

Performance Units and Performance Shares

Performance units and performance shares may be granted under the 2023 Plan. Performance units and performance shares are awards that will result in a payment to a participant only if performance goals established by the administrator are achieved or the awards otherwise vest. The administrator will establish performance objectives or other vesting criteria in its discretion, which, depending on the extent to which they are met, will determine the number or the value of performance units and performance shares to be paid out to participants. The administrator may set performance objectives based on the achievement of Company-wide, divisional, business unit or individual goals (including continued employment or service), applicable federal or state securities laws or any other basis determined by the administrator in its discretion. After the grant of a performance unit or performance share, the administrator, in its sole discretion, may reduce or waive any performance criteria or other vesting provisions for such performance units or performance shares. Performance units shall have an initial dollar value established by the administrator on or prior to the grant date. Performance shares shall have an initial value equal to the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. The administrator, in its sole discretion, may pay earned performance units or performance shares in the form of cash, in shares or in some combination thereof.

Non-Employee Directors

The 2023 Plan provides that all non-employee directors will be eligible to receive all types of awards (except for incentive stock options) under the 2023 Plan. The 2023 Plan includes a maximum limit of $750,000 of equity awards that may be granted to a non-employee director in any fiscal year, increased to $1,500,000 in connection with his or her initial service. For purposes of this limitation, the value of equity awards is based on the grant date fair value (determined in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States). Any equity awards granted to a person for their services as an employee, or for their services as a consultant (other than as a non-employee director), will not count for purposes of the limitation. The maximum limit does not reflect the intended size of any potential compensation or equity awards to the Company’s non-employee directors.

Non-transferability of Awards

Unless the administrator provides otherwise, the 2023 Plan generally does not allow for the transfer of awards and only the recipient of an award may exercise an award during their lifetime. If the administrator makes an award transferrable, such award will contain such additional terms and conditions as the administrator deems appropriate.

Certain Adjustments

In the event of certain changes in the Company’s capitalization, to prevent diminution or enlargement of the benefits or potential benefits available under the 2023 Plan, the administrator will adjust the number and class of shares that may be delivered under the 2023 Plan or the number, and price of shares covered by each outstanding award and the numerical share limits set forth in the 2023 Plan.

Dissolution or Liquidation

In the event of the Company’s proposed liquidation or dissolution, the administrator will notify participants as soon as practicable and all awards will terminate immediately prior to the consummation of such proposed transaction.

Merger or Change in Control

The 2023 Plan provides that in the event of the Company’s merger with or into another corporation or entity or a “change in control” (as defined in the 2023 Plan), each outstanding award will be treated as the administrator determines, including, without limitation, that (i) awards will be assumed, or substantially equivalent awards will be substituted, by the acquiring or succeeding corporation (or an affiliate thereof) with appropriate adjustments as to the number and kind of shares and prices; (ii) upon written notice to a participant, that the participant’s awards will terminate upon or immediately prior to the consummation of such merger or change in control; (iii) outstanding awards will vest and become exercisable, realizable or payable, or restrictions applicable to an award will lapse, in whole or in part, prior to or upon consummation of such merger or change in control and, to the extent the administrator determines, terminate upon or immediately prior to the effectiveness of such merger or change in control; (iv) (A) the termination of an award in exchange for an amount of cash or property, if any, equal to the amount that would have been attained upon the exercise of such award or realization of the participant’s rights as of the date of the occurrence of the transaction (and, for the avoidance of doubt, if as of the date of the occurrence of the transaction the administrator determines in good faith that no amount would have been attained upon the exercise of such award or realization of the participant’s rights, then such award may be terminated by the Company without payment) or (B) the replacement of such award with other rights or property selected by the administrator in its sole discretion; or (v) any combination of the foregoing. The administrator will not be obligated to treat all awards, all awards a participant holds, or all awards of the same type, similarly. In the event that awards (or portion thereof) are not assumed or substituted for in the event of a merger or change in control, the participant will fully vest in and have the right to exercise all of their outstanding options and stock appreciation rights, including shares as to which such awards would not otherwise be vested or exercisable, all restrictions on restricted stock and RSUs will lapse and, with respect to awards with performance-based vesting, all performance goals or other vesting criteria will be deemed achieved at 100% of target levels and all other terms and conditions met, in all cases, unless specifically provided otherwise under the applicable award agreement or other written agreement between the participant and the Company or any of the Company’s subsidiaries or parents, as applicable. If an option or stock appreciation right is not assumed or substituted in the event of a merger or change in control, the administrator will notify the participant in writing or electronically that the option or stock appreciation right will be exercisable for a period of time determined by the administrator in its sole discretion and the vested option or stock appreciation right will terminate upon the expiration of such period.

For awards granted to an outside director, the outside director will fully vest in and have the right to exercise all of their outstanding options and stock appreciation rights, all restrictions on restricted stock and RSUs will lapse and, for awards with performance-based vesting, unless specifically provided for in the award agreement, all performance goals or other vesting criteria will be deemed achieved at 100% of target levels and all other terms and conditions met.

Clawback

Awards will be subject to any Company clawback policy that the Company is required to adopt pursuant to the listing standards of any national securities exchange or association on which the Company’s securities are listed or as is otherwise required by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act or other applicable laws. The administrator also may specify in an award agreement that the participant’s rights, payments or benefits with respect to an award will be subject to reduction, cancellation, forfeiture or recoupment upon the occurrence of certain specified events. The Board may require a participant to forfeit, return or reimburse the Company all or a portion of the award or shares issued under the award, any amounts paid under the award and any payments or proceeds paid or provided upon disposition of the shares issued under the award in order to comply with such clawback policy or applicable laws.

Amendment and Termination

The administrator has the authority to amend, suspend or terminate the 2023 Plan provided such action does not impair the existing rights of any participant. The 2023 Plan automatically will terminate on October 4, 2033, unless it is terminated sooner.

Outstanding Equity Awards as of December 31, 2025

The following table sets forth information concerning outstanding equity awards held by each of our named executive officers as of December 31, 2025:

	Option							Stock Awards
Name	Number of securities underlying unexercised options exercisable (#)		Number of securities underlying unexercised options unexercisable (#)		Option exercise price ($/share)		Option expiration date	Number of shares or units of stock that have not vested (#)	Market value of shares or units that have not vested ($)		Equity incentive plan awards: Number of unearned shares, units or other rights that have not vested (#)	Equity incentive plan awards: Market or payout value of unearned shares, units or other rights that have not vested ($)
Christer Rosén		2,003,678		-		1.00	2029-2033			497,392
Saleem Elmasri		666,420		102,128		1.31	2032-2035			66,292
Marshall Hayward		1,245,098				0.93	2026-2033			389,793
Alexander Rosén		1,171,688				0.97	2029-2033			164,553
Alison Silva		870,871		255,320		1.20	2028-2035			110,227

Director Compensation

Prior to our 2024 initial public offering, we did not have a formal policy to compensate our non-employee directors. Following our initial public offering, our non-employee directors are eligible to receive the following cash retainers and equity awards. The retainers will be payable in four equal installments in each calendar quarter and will be payable within five business days of the end of each calendar quarter, and with such amount for any partial calendar quarter being appropriately prorated.

Annual Retainer for Board Membership
Annual service on the Board	$	30,000
Additional Annual Retainer for Committee Membership
Annual service as member of the audit committee (other than chair)	$	5,000
Annual service as chair of the audit committee	$	10,000
Annual service as member of the compensation committee (other than chair)	$	5,000
Annual service as chair of the compensation committee	$	10,000
Annual service as member of the nominating and corporate governance committee (other than chair)	$	4,000
Annual service as chair of the nominating and corporate governance committee	$	7,500

Upon initial election to our Board, each non-employee director will be granted an option to acquire up to 18,000 shares of the common stock at an exercise price of $5.00 per share (subject to customary adjustments), which options shall vest ratably over 36 months, subject to the director continuing to serve as a director of the Company during such period, pursuant to the Option Award Agreement. During the term of the independent director agreements, the Company will reimburse each director for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the director in attending any in-person meetings, provided that the director complies with the generally applicable policies, practices and procedures of the Company for submission of expense reports, receipts or similar documentation of such expenses. Any reimbursements for allocated expenses (as compared to out-of-pocket expenses of the director in excess of $500) must be approved in advance by the Company.

Other than as set forth in the table below and as described more fully below, we did not pay any compensation or make any equity awards or non-equity awards to any of our non-employee directors during 2025. Directors may be reimbursed for travel and other expenses directly related to their activities as directors. Directors who also serve as employees receive no additional compensation for their service as directors. During 2025, each of Christer Rosén, our Chief Executive Officer, Marshall Hayward, our Chief Scientific Officer, and Alison Silva, our President and Chief Business Officer, was a member of our Board, as well as an employee, and therefore, received no additional compensation for their services as a director. See “—2025 Summary Compensation Table” for more information about compensation to our NEOs for 2025 and 2024. The following table presents the total compensation for each person who served as a non-employee director during 2025 and 2024.

2025 Director Compensation Table

Name	Year		Fees Earned or Paid in Cash ($)		Stock Awards ($)		Option Awards ($)		Total ($)
Nicholas H. Hemmerly		2025	$	49,000	$	-	$	-	$	49,000
		2024	$	49,000	$	-	$	-	$	49,000

Julie Kampf		2025	$	42,500	$	-	$	-	$	42,500
		2024	$	42,500	$	-	$	-	$	42,500

Holger Weis		2025	$	44,000	$	-	$	-	$	44,000
		2024	$	44,000	$	-	$	-	$	44,000

Allison W. Brady⁽¹⁾		2025	$	40,000	$	-	$	-	$	40,000
		2024	$	40,000	$	-	$	-	$	40,000

⁽¹⁾ On June 17, 2026, Ms. Brady resigned from the Board.

Director Agreements

On September 8, 2021, the Company entered into Independent Director Agreements with each of Allison Brady, Holger Weis, Julie Kampf and Nick Hemmerly (each, a “Director”) relating to their service as independent directors of the Company.

Pursuant to each of the agreements, the Director agreed to serve as an independent director of the Company and to perform the duties consistent with such position. In addition, pursuant to their respective agreements, Ms. Brady agreed to serve as a member of the Compensation Committee and Audit Committee; Mr. Weis agreed to serve as a member of the Nomination Committee and the Chairman of the Audit Committee; Ms. Kampf agreed to serve as a member of the Compensation Committee and as Chairman of the Nomination Committee of the Board; and Mr. Hemmerly agreed to serve as Chairman of the Compensation Committee as well as a member of the Audit Committee and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Ms. Brady resigned from the Board effective June 17, 2026. As a result of not standing for re-election to the Board at the Annual Meeting, Ms. Kampf will no longer serve on these committees following the Annual Meeting.

Each of the Directors confirmed that the Director is independent (as such term has been construed under Delaware law with respect to directors of Delaware corporations and the OTC Markets, the NASDAQ Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange). Each Director also confirmed that, to their knowledge, (a) that Director does not possess material business, close personal relationships or other affiliations, or any history of any such material business, close personal relationships or other affiliations, with the Company’s significant equity or debt holders or any of their respective corporate affiliates that would cause that Director to be unable to (i) exercise independent judgment based on the best interests of the Company or (ii) make decisions and carry out that Director’s responsibilities as a director of the Company, in each case in accordance with the terms of the Company’s governing documents and applicable law, and (b) that they have no existing relationship or affiliation of any kind with any entity that the applicable Director knows to be a competitor of the Company.

Each of the agreements continues until the earliest of (a) such time as the Director resigns or is removed in accordance with the Company’s governing documents, and (b) the death of the Director. Ms. Brady’s agreement terminated upon her resignation from the Board effective June 17, 2026.

The Directors are compensated as follows under their respective agreements:

Each of the Directors will be paid $30,000 annually for their service as directors, to be paid $7,500 each calendar quarter, with the amount for any partial calendar quarter being appropriately prorated. In addition, the Company agreed that, on October 1, 2021, the Company will issue to each Director an option to acquire up to 67,500 shares of the common stock at an exercise price of $1.33 per share, which options will vest ratably over 36 months subject to the applicable Director continuing to serve as a director of the Company during such period. The option grants were made pursuant to an Option Award Agreement as attached to each of their respective agreements.

In addition, the applicable agreements provide that the Directors will be compensated as follows in connection with their service on Committees of the Board.

●

Ms. Brady

	○	For as long as Ms. Brady serves as a member of the Compensation Committee, Ms. Brady will be paid $5,000 annually to be paid $1,250 each calendar quarter, with the amount for any partial calendar quarter being appropriately prorated.
	○	For as long as Ms. Brady serves as a member of the Audit Committee, Ms. Brady will be paid $5,000 annually to be paid $1,250 each calendar quarter, with the amount for any partial calendar quarter being appropriately prorated.

●

Mr. Weis

	○	For as long as Mr. Weis serves as Chairman of the Audit Committee, Mr. Weis will be paid $10,000 annually to be paid $2,500 each calendar quarter, with the amount for any partial calendar quarter being appropriately prorated.
	○	For as long as Mr. Weis serves as a member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, Mr. Weis will be paid $4,000 annually to be paid $1,000 each calendar quarter, with the amount for any partial calendar quarter being appropriately prorated.

●

Ms. Kampf

	○	For as long as Ms. Kampf serves as a member of the Compensation Committee, Ms. Kampf will be paid $5,000 annually to be paid $1,250 each calendar quarter, with the amount for any partial calendar quarter being appropriately prorated.
	○	For as long as Ms. Kampf serves as Chairman of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, Ms. Kampf will be paid $7,500 annually and $1,875 each calendar quarter, with the amount for any partial calendar quarter being appropriately prorated.

●

Mr. Hemmerly:

	○	For as long as Mr. Hemmerly serves as a member of the Audit Committee, Mr. Hemmerly will be paid $5,000 annually to be paid $1,250 each calendar quarter, with the amount for any partial calendar quarter being appropriately prorated.
	○	For as long as Mr. Hemmerly serves as Chairman of the Compensation Committee, Mr. Hemmerly will be paid $10,000 annually to be paid $2,500 each calendar quarter, with the amount for any partial calendar quarter being appropriately prorated.
	○	For as long as Mr. Hemmerly serves as a member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, Mr. Hemmerly will be paid $4,000 annually to be paid $1,000 each calendar quarter, with the amount for any partial calendar quarter being appropriately prorated.

Each of the agreements contains customary confidentiality provisions, and customary provisions relating to intellectual property created by the executive (i.e., a “work-made-for-hire” provision). Each of the agreements is governed by Delaware law and contains customary representations and warranties and other miscellaneous provisions.

Change of Control

There are no arrangements, including any pledge by any person of our securities, known to us whereby the operation of such a pledge or arrangement may result in a change in control of the Company at a subsequent date.

Vote Required

The seven (7) nominees for director receiving the majority of votes cast will be elected as directors. A “majority of the votes cast” means that the number of votes cast “for” a director nominee exceeds the number of votes cast “against” such director nominee, with “abstentions” and “broker non-votes” not counted as a vote cast either “for” or “against” that nominee’s election. However, director nominees will be elected by a plurality of the votes cast in connection with a contested election.

Recommendation of our Board

OUR BOARD UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT YOU VOTE “FOR” THE ELECTION OF EACH OF THE NOMINEES FOR DIRECTOR.

PROPOSAL NO. 2:
RATIFICATION OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

The Board has appointed Cherry Bekaert LLP (“Cherry Bekaert”) to serve as our independent registered public accounting firm for the year ending December 31, 2026. Cherry Bekaert has served as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm since April 2025.

The Board is requesting that stockholders ratify the selection of Cherry Bekaert to serve as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2026. The Board is not required to take any action as a result of the outcome of the vote on this proposal. Even if the appointment is ratified, the Board may, in its discretion, appoint a different independent registered public accounting firm at any time during the year if they determine that such a change would be in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders. If the appointment is not ratified, the Board will consider its options.

Representatives of Cherry Bekaert are likely to be present at the Annual Meeting and can make a statement if they desire to do so as well as respond to stockholder questions.

Principal Accountant Fees and Services

The aggregate fees billed for the two most recently completed fiscal years ended December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 for professional services rendered by Cherry Bekaert, our current independent registered public accounting firm, and Assurance Dimensions, LLC (“AD”), our former independent registered accounting firm, for the audit of our annual consolidated financial statements, quarterly reviews of our interim consolidated financial statements and services normally provided by independent accountants in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements were as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2025				2024
	Cherry Bekaert		AD		Cherry Bekaert		AD
Audit Fees	$	155,585	$	56,650		-	$	84,000
Audit Related Fees		-		-		-	$	14,300

Tax Fees		-		-		-		-
All Other Fees		-		-		-		-
Total:	$	155,585	$	56,650		-	$	98,300

Audit Fees. Audit fees consist of fees billed for professional services rendered for the audit of our year-end financial statements and services that are normally provided by our independent registered public accounting firm in connection with regulatory filings. The above amounts include interim procedures and audit fees, as well as attendance at Audit Committee meetings.

Audit-Related Fees. Audit-related services consist of fees billed for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to performance of the audit or review of our financial statements and are not reported under “Audit Fees.” These services include attest services that are not required by statute or regulation and consultations concerning financial accounting and reporting standards.

Tax Fees. Tax fees consist of fees billed for tax planning services and tax advice. The Board must specifically approve all other tax services.

All Other Fees. Other services are services provided by the independent registered public accounting firm that do not fall within the established audit, audit-related, and tax services categories. The Board preapproves specified other services that do not fall within any of the specified prohibited categories of services.

Pre-Approval Policy

Since formation of our Audit Committee, all of the foregoing services were pre-approved by our Audit Committee. Our Audit Committee will pre-approve all auditing services and permitted non-audit services to be performed for us by our auditors, including the fees and terms thereof (subject to the de minimis exceptions for non-audit services described in the Exchange Act which are approved by the Audit Committee prior to the completion of the audit).

Vote Required

The affirmative vote of a majority of the shares (by voting power) present in person at the Annual Meeting or represented by proxy and entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting is required to approve the ratification of the selection of Cherry Bekaert as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2026.

Recommendation of our Board

OUR BOARD UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT YOU VOTE “FOR” THE RATIFICATION OF THE SELECTION OF OUR INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM FOR FISCAL YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 2026.

PROPOSAL NO. 3: PLAN AMENDMENT PROPOSAL

General

Our Board is requesting that our stockholders approve the adoption of an amendment, attached as Appendix A to this Proxy Statement, to our 2025 Plan, which amendment was approved by the Board on June 8, 2026 effective upon approval by our stockholders at the Annual Meeting. If this proposal is approved, the number of shares authorized for issuance of awards under the 2025 Plan will be increased by 5,250,000 shares of Common Stock, subject to adjustment for certain changes in our capitalization, and the aggregate maximum number of shares of our Common Stock that may be issued pursuant to the exercise of incentive stock options under the 2025 Plan will be increased by 5,250,000 shares, subject to adjustment for certain changes in our capitalization.

The 2025 Plan was approved by our Board and stockholders on December 19, 2025. By its terms, the 2025 Plan may be amended by the Board or one or more committees appointed by the Board, provided that any amendment that the Board determines requires stockholder approval is subject to receiving such stockholder approval. Approval by our stockholders is required by the listing rules of Nasdaq. In addition, stockholder approval is required in order to ensure favorable federal income tax treatment for grants of incentive stock options under Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).

As of June 15, 2026, 6,091,593 shares of our Common Stock remain available for issuance of future awards under our existing equity incentive plans; options to purchase a total of 14,752,821 shares of Common Stock remain outstanding; and 1,726,037 restricted stock units are outstanding. As of June 15, 2026, no shares of our Common Stock have been issued upon the exercise of options and vesting of other equity awards granted under the 2025 Plan.

Reasons for Amendment of the 2025 Plan

Our Board, the Compensation Committee and management believe that the effective use of stock-based long-term incentive compensation is vital to our ability to achieve strong performance in the future. The 2025 Plan will maintain and enhance the key policies and practices adopted by our management and Board to align employee and stockholder interests and to link compensation to Company performance. In addition, our future success depends, in large part, upon our ability to maintain a competitive position in attracting, retaining and motivating key personnel. We believe that the increase in the number of shares available for issuance under our 2025 Plan is essential to permit our management to continue to provide long-term, equity-based incentives to present and future key employees, consultants and directors.

Our Board believes that the number of shares currently remaining available for issuance pursuant to future awards under our existing equity incentive plans is not sufficient for future granting needs. Our Board currently believes that if the amendment to the 2025 Plan is approved by stockholders, the additional 5,250,000 shares available for issuance under the 2025 Plan will result in an adequate number of shares of Common Stock being available for future awards under the 2025 Plan for 2 additional years following the current year.

The following is a brief summary of the 2025 Plan, as amended. This summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the text of the 2025 Plan, a copy of which is attached as Appendix A to this Proxy Statement.

Summary of Material Features of the 2025 Plan

Administration. Our Compensation Committee has discretionary authority to administer the 2025 Plan in accordance with its terms and applicable laws. Our Compensation Committee determines the non-employee directors, employees, advisors and consultants who are granted awards under the 2025 Plan, the size and types of awards, the terms and conditions of awards and the form and content of the award agreements representing awards. Our Compensation Committee is not required to grant awards on a uniform or consistent basis. Our Compensation Committee is authorized to establish, administer and waive terms, conditions and performance goals of outstanding awards and to accelerate the vesting or exercisability of awards, in each case, subject to limitations contained in the 2025 Plan. Our Compensation Committee is authorized to interpret the 2025 Plan and award agreements and will have authority to correct any defects, supply any omissions and reconcile any inconsistencies in the 2025 Plan and/or any award agreements and to take any other action that our Compensation Committee deems necessary or appropriate for the administration of the 2025 Plan. Unless otherwise expressly provided in the 2025 Plan, our Compensation Committee’s decisions, interpretations and actions concerning the 2025 Plan or any award are within the sole discretion of our Compensation Committee, are permitted to be made at any time and will be final, conclusive and binding upon all persons and entities, including any participant and any holder or beneficiary of any award. Within the limitations of the 2025 Plan and applicable law, our Compensation Committee is authorized to delegate all or any part of its responsibilities and powers under the 2025 Plan to persons selected by it, and our Board is permitted to exercise all of our Compensation Committee’s powers under the 2025 Plan.

Shares Available for Issuance. If this Proposal No. 3 is approved by our stockholders, the number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued from time to time pursuant to the 2025 Plan will be increased by 5,250,000 additional shares Any shares subject to an award that is forfeited, terminated, cancelled or otherwise expires will be available for future awards under the 2025 Plan. If we acquire or combine with another company, any awards that may be granted under the 2025 Plan in substitution or exchange for outstanding stock options or other awards of that other company will not reduce the shares available for issuance under the 2025 Plan. However, shares of Common Stock tendered in payment for an award or shares of Common Stock withheld for taxes are not available again for future awards. In addition, if an award is settled in cash in lieu of shares pursuant to an award, such shares are not available again for future awards. The maximum value of shares subject to awards during a single fiscal year to any non-employee director, taken together with any cash fees paid during the fiscal year to the non-employee director, in respect of the non-employee director’s service as a member of the Board during such year (including service as a member or chair of any committees of the Board), shall not exceed $750,000 in total value, increased to $1,000,000 for the first year of the director’s service.

Participation. Our Compensation Committee is authorized to grant awards under the 2025 Plan to (a) employees and consultants of us and our subsidiaries, (b) those individuals who have accepted an offer of employment from us or our subsidiaries, and (c) our non-employee directors. However, only employees of us and our subsidiaries are eligible to receive “incentive stock options” under the 2025 Plan. As of the Record Date, June 15, 2025, we had a total of 19 individuals, including 4 executive officers, 4 non-employee directors, and 10 consultants who are eligible to receive awards under the 2025 Plan.

Stock Options. A stock option is the right to purchase a specified number of shares in the future at a specified exercise price and subject to the other terms and conditions that are specified in the option agreement and the 2025 Plan. Stock options granted under the 2025 Plan are either “incentive stock options,” which may be eligible for special tax treatment under the Code, or options other than “incentive stock options,” referred to as “nonqualified stock options,” as determined by our Compensation Committee. All stock options that are intended to qualify as “incentive stock options” are granted pursuant to award agreements expressly stating that the options are intended to qualify as incentive stock options, and are subject to the terms and conditions that comply with the rules provided under section 422 of the Code. The number of shares covered by each option is determined by our Compensation Committee. The exercise price of each option is set by our Compensation Committee but cannot be less than 100% of the fair market value of our Shares at the time of grant (or, in the case of an “incentive stock option” granted to a 10% or more stockholder of our company, or subsidiary, as applicable, 110% of the fair market value). Options granted under the 2025 Plan in substitution or exchange for options or awards of another company involved in a corporate transaction with us or a subsidiary will have an exercise price that is intended to preserve the economic value of the award that is replaced. The fair market value of our shares generally means the closing price of our shares on the option grant date. The exercise price of any stock options granted under the 2025 Plan are paid by check, by tendering previously acquired shares having a fair market value at the time of the exercise equal to the exercise price, by a cashless broker-assisted exercise that complies with law, by withholding of shares otherwise deliverable to the option holder upon exercise of the option or any other method approved or accepted by our Compensation Committee in its discretion. Our Compensation Committee will determine whether any fractional Shares will be settled in cash or forfeited. Options will become exercisable and expire at the times and on the terms established by our Compensation Committee, not later than the tenth anniversary of the grant date. If the exercise of a “nonqualified stock option” on its scheduled expiration date would violate law, the option may be extended until its exercise would not violate law. Options generally terminate when the holder’s employment or service with us terminates. However, an option may be exercised for up to one year following the holder’s termination of employment or services in specified circumstances, unless our Compensation Committee or the option agreement permits exercise of the option following the holder’s termination to any greater or lesser extent.

Stock Appreciation Rights. Stock appreciation rights, or SARs, may be granted by our Compensation Committee (either in connection with, or independent of, an option) upon such terms and conditions determined by our Compensation Committee which are permitted under the 2025 Plan. Generally, SARs are awards that, upon their exercise, give the holder a right to receive from us an amount equal to the product of (1) the number of shares for which the SAR is exercised, multiplied by (2) the excess of the (a) fair market value of a share on the exercise date, over (b) the grant price per share. The grant price per share cannot be less than 100% of the fair market value of a share on the grant date of such SAR. SARs granted under the 2025 Plan in substitution or exchange for SARs or awards of another company involved in a corporate transaction with us or a subsidiary will have an exercise price that is intended to preserve the economic value of the award that is replaced. A SAR may be settled in cash, shares or a combination of cash and shares, as determined by our Compensation Committee. SARs will become exercisable and expire at the times and on the terms established by our Compensation Committee. The number of shares covered by each SAR is determined by our Compensation Committee.

Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units. Restricted stock awards are shares that are awarded to a participant subject to the satisfaction of the terms and conditions established by our Compensation Committee. Until the applicable restrictions lapse, shares of restricted stock will be subject to forfeiture and may not be sold, assigned, pledged or otherwise disposed of by the participant who holds those shares. Restricted stock units will be denominated in units of shares, except that no shares are actually issued to the participant on the grant date. When a restricted stock unit award vests, the participant will be entitled to receive common shares, or if our Compensation Committee so provides in the applicable award agreement, a cash payment based on the value of our common shares or a combination of Shares and cash. Vesting of restricted stock awards and restricted stock units may be based on continued employment or service and/or satisfaction of performance goals or other conditions established by our Compensation Committee. Subject to the other terms of the 2025 Plan, our Compensation Committee may permit a recipient of restricted stock to have the rights and privileges of a stockholder during the restriction period, including the right to receive any dividends, which may be subject to the same restrictions as the restricted stock. A recipient of restricted stock units will have none of the rights of a stockholder unless and until Shares are actually delivered to the recipient. The number of shares of restricted stock, and shares covered by restricted stock unit awards (as well as performance unit awards, performance share awards, cash-based awards and other stock-based awards (as described below)) granted to a participant is determined by our Compensation Committee. Upon termination of employment or service, or failure to satisfy other vesting conditions, a participant’s unvested shares of restricted stock and unvested restricted stock units are forfeited unless the participant’s award agreement, or our Compensation Committee, provides otherwise.

Performance Units, Performance Shares and Cash-Based Awards. Performance units, performance shares and cash-based awards granted to a participant under the 2025 Plan are amounts credited to a bookkeeping account established for the participant. A performance unit is a fixed or variable dollar denominated unit with a value determined by our Compensation Committee and stated in the award agreement. The value of a performance share is based on the value of our shares. A cash-based award has a value that is established by our Compensation Committee at the time of its grant. The number of performance units, performance shares and cash-based awards granted to a participant is determined by our Compensation Committee. Whether a performance unit, performance share or cash-based award actually will result in a payment to a participant will depend upon the extent to which performance goals or other conditions established by our Compensation Committee are satisfied. After a performance unit, performance share or cash-based award has vested, the participant is entitled to receive a payout of cash, Shares or a combination thereof, as determined by our Compensation Committee. A participant’s award agreement will describe the effect of a termination of employment or service on the participant’s performance units, performance shares or cash-based award.

Other Stock-Based Awards. Our Compensation Committee is authorized to grant to participants other stock-based awards under the 2025 Plan, which are valued in whole or in part by reference to, or otherwise based on our shares. The form of any other stock-based awards is determined by our Compensation Committee, and may include a grant or sale of unrestricted shares. The number of shares related to another stock-based award is determined by our Compensation Committee. Other stock-based awards may be paid in shares, cash or a combination of shares and cash, according to the award agreement. The terms and conditions, including vesting conditions, of another stock-based award are established by our Compensation Committee when the award is made. Our Compensation Committee determines the effect of a termination of employment or service on a participant’s other stock-based awards.

Dividend Equivalents. Our Compensation Committee is authorized to provide part of an award with dividends or payment of dividend equivalents, on such terms and conditions as may be determined by our Compensation Committee in its sole discretion and consistent with the 2025 Plan; provided, however, that no dividends or dividend equivalents will be payable in respect to outstanding options or SARS. Dividend equivalents may not be paid until and to the extent the underlying award vests or is exercised.

Deferrals of Awards. Our Compensation Committee may, to the extent permitted by law, require or allow participants to defer receipt of all or part of any cash or Shares subject to their award agreements on the terms of any deferred compensation plan of our company or other terms set by our Compensation Committee. Any such deferred compensation plan or other terms set by our Compensation Committee will be exempt from, or comply with the rules under section 409A of the Code.

Transferability of Awards. Options, SARs, unvested restricted stock, and other awards under the 2025 Plan may not be sold or otherwise transferred except in the event of a participant’s death to his or her designated beneficiary or by will or the laws of descent and distribution, unless otherwise determined by our Compensation Committee. Our Compensation Committee may permit awards other than “incentive stock options” to be transferred for no consideration.

Change of Control. In the event of a change of control of our company (as defined in the 2025 Plan), each outstanding award will be treated as our Compensation Committee determines, either by the terms of the award agreement or by resolution adopted by our Compensation Committee, including, without limitation, that the awards may be vested, assumed, replaced with substitute awards, cashed-out or terminated.

Changes in Capital. In the event of a change in our capital structure, such as a share dividend, share split or recapitalization, or a corporate transaction, such as a merger, consolidation, reorganization or spin-off, our Compensation Committee or our Board will make substitutions or adjustments that it deems appropriate and equitable to: (a) the aggregate number, class and kind of Shares or other securities reserved for issuance and delivery under the 2025 Plan, (b) the number, class and kind of Shares or other securities subject to outstanding awards; (c) the option exercise price, grant price or other price of securities subject to outstanding options, stock appreciation rights and, to the extent applicable, other awards; and (d) other value determinations applicable to outstanding awards. In the case of a corporate transaction, these adjustments may include, for example, (1) cancellation of outstanding awards in exchange for payments of cash and/or property; (2) substitution of other property (for example, stock of another company) for our Shares subject to outstanding awards; and (3) in connection with a transaction in which a subsidiary of us is sold or otherwise ceases to be owned by us, arranging for the assumption of awards, or replacement of awards with new awards based on other property or other securities, by the affected subsidiary or by the entity that controls that subsidiary (as well as any corresponding adjustments to awards that remain based upon our securities). Our Compensation Committee will also make appropriate adjustments and modifications in the terms of any outstanding awards to reflect, or related to, any such events, adjustments, substitutions or changes, including modifications of performance goals and changes in the length of performance periods.

Amendment and Termination. Our Board has the authority to amend, alter, suspend or terminate the 2025 Plan in whole or in part, in its sole discretion. However, our Board is required to obtain approval of our stockholders, if required by the exemption from the short-swing profit recovery rules of the Exchange Act, the tax law requirements for “incentive stock options” or any applicable law, regulation or rule, of any amendment of the 2025 Plan that would: (a) increase the maximum number of Shares that may be sold or awarded under the 2025 Plan; (b) decrease the minimum option exercise price or SAR grant price required by the 2025 Plan, except, in the case of (a) or (b), in the event of certain changes in capital of our company (as described above under “-Changes in Capital”); (c) change the class of persons eligible to receive awards under the 2025 Plan; (d) extend the duration of the 2025 Plan or the maximum exercise periods of any options or SARs granted under the 2025 Plan; or (e) otherwise require stockholder approval to comply with applicable laws, regulations or rules. Our Compensation Committee may also amend outstanding awards.

However, no amendment, alteration, suspension or termination of the 2025 Plan or amendment of outstanding awards may materially impair the previously accrued rights of a participant under any outstanding award without his or her written consent, except (a) to comply with the exemption from the short-swing profit recovery rules of the Exchange Act or (b) where our Board or our Compensation Committee determines that the amendment or alteration either (1) is required or advisable to comply with laws, regulations, rules or accounting standards or (2) is not reasonably likely to significantly diminish, without adequate compensation, the benefits provided under an award. Additionally, the provisions of the 2025 Plan described above under “Change of Control” may not be amended, terminated or modified on or after the date of a Change of Control to materially impair any participant’s outstanding award without that participant’s prior written consent. Our Board or our Compensation Committee will also make adjustments that it deems appropriate to awards under the 2025 Plan in recognition of unusual or nonrecurring events affecting us or our financial statements or changes in laws, regulations, rules or accounting principles.

The 2025 Plan prohibits us from reducing the exercise price or grant price of an outstanding stock option or SAR or replacing an outstanding stock option or SAR with a new option or SAR that has a lower exercise price or grant price, or with any other type of new award under the 2025 Plan, except in connection with a share change, a corporate transaction or as otherwise described under “-Changes in Capital” above, without first obtaining stockholder approval.

Duration of the 2025 Plan. No awards will be made under the 2025 Plan on or after the earlier of (1) the tenth anniversary of the effective date of the 2025 Plan, or (2) the date on which all shares reserved under the 2025 Plan have been issued or are no longer available for use under the 2025 Plan.

Forfeiture. The 2025 Plan authorizes our Compensation Committee to provide for the forfeiture or recoupment of a participant’s awards in certain situations, such as the termination of the participant’s employment for cause, serious misconduct, breach of noncompetition, confidentiality or other restrictive covenants, or other activity detrimental to our business, reputation or interests. If we are required to prepare an accounting restatement due to our material noncompliance with any financial reporting requirement under the federal securities laws, we may seek to recover from any current or former executive officer any payment in settlement of an award earned or accrued during the three-year period preceding the accounting restatement. The amount to be recovered will be based on the excess of the amount paid under the award over the amount that would have been paid under the award if the financial statements had been correct. We have established recoupment and clawback policies, including as required by applicable law.

Federal Income Tax Considerations

The material federal income tax consequences of the issuance and exercise of stock options and other awards under the 2025 Plan, based on the current provisions of the Code and regulations, are as follows. Changes to these laws could alter the tax consequences described below. This summary assumes that all awards granted under the 2025 Plan are exempt from or comply with, the rules under Section 409A of the Code related to nonqualified deferred compensation.

Incentive Stock Options:

Incentive stock options are intended to qualify for treatment under Section 422 of the Code. An incentive stock option does not result in taxable income to the optionee or deduction to us at the time it is granted or exercised, provided that no disposition is made by the optionee of the shares acquired pursuant to the option within two years after the date of grant of the option nor within one year after the date of issuance of shares to the optionee (referred to as the “ISO holding period”). However, the difference between the fair market value of the shares on the date of exercise and the option price will be an item of tax preference includible in “alternative minimum taxable income” of the optionee. Upon disposition of the shares after the expiration of the ISO holding period, the optionee will generally recognize long term capital gain or loss based on the difference between the disposition proceeds and the option price paid for the shares. If the shares are disposed of prior to the expiration of the ISO holding period, the optionee generally will recognize taxable compensation, and we will have a corresponding deduction, in the year of the disposition, equal to the excess of the fair market value of the shares on the date of exercise of the option over the option price. Any additional gain realized on the disposition will normally constitute capital gain. If the amount realized upon such a disqualifying disposition is less than fair market value of the shares on the date of exercise, the amount of compensation income will be limited to the excess of the amount realized over the optionee’s adjusted basis in the shares.

Non-Qualified Options:

Options otherwise qualifying as incentive stock options, to the extent the aggregate fair market value of shares with respect to which such options are first exercisable by an individual in any calendar year exceeds $100,000, and options designated as non-qualified options will be treated as options that are not incentive stock options.

A non-qualified option ordinarily will not result in income to the optionee or deduction to us at the time of grant. The optionee will recognize compensation income at the time of exercise of such non-qualified option in an amount equal to the excess of the then value of the shares over the option price per share. Such compensation income of optionees may be subject to withholding taxes, and a deduction may then be allowable to us in an amount equal to the optionee’s compensation income.

An optionee’s initial basis in shares so acquired will be the amount paid on exercise of the non-qualified option plus the amount of any corresponding compensation income. Any gain or loss as a result of a subsequent disposition of the shares so acquired will be capital gain or loss.

Stock Grants:

With respect to stock grants under our Plan that result in the issuance of shares that are either not restricted as to transferability or not subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture, the grantee must generally recognize ordinary income equal to the fair market value of shares received. Thus, deferral of the time of issuance will generally result in the deferral of the time the grantee will be liable for income taxes with respect to such issuance. We generally will be entitled to a deduction in an amount equal to the ordinary income recognized by the grantee.

With respect to stock grants involving the issuance of shares that are restricted as to transferability and subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture, the grantee must generally recognize ordinary income equal to the fair market value of the shares received at the first time the shares become transferable or are not subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture, whichever occurs earlier. A grantee may elect to be taxed at the time of receipt of shares rather than upon lapse of restrictions on transferability or substantial risk of forfeiture, but if the grantee subsequently forfeits such shares, the grantee would not be entitled to any tax deduction, including as a capital loss, for the value of the shares on which he previously paid tax. The grantee must file such election with the Internal Revenue Service within 30 days of the receipt of the shares. We generally will be entitled to a deduction in an amount equal to the ordinary income recognized by the grantee.

Stock Units:

The grantee recognizes no income until the issuance of the shares. At that time, the grantee must generally recognize ordinary income equal to the fair market value of the shares received. We generally will be entitled to a deduction in an amount equal to the ordinary income recognized by the grantee.

Plan Benefits

Since the adoption of the 2025 Plan through June 5, 2026, we have granted the following awards under the 2025 Plan to the individuals listed below. In all cases, the securities underlying such awards were shares of our Common Stock.

Name and Position	Number of shares subject to Stock Options
Named Executive Officers
Christer Rosén (Chief Executive Officer)		747,783
Saleem Elmasri (Chief Financial Officer)		525,565
Alison Silva (President and Chief Operating Officer)		1,027,304
Marshall Hayward, Ph.D.		259,231
Alexander Rosén		341,843
All Current Executive Officers as a group		2,901,726
All Current Directors who are not executive officers as a group		400,000
All Employees who are not executive officers as a group		300,000

New Plan Benefits

The amounts of future grants under the 2025 Plan are not determinable and will be granted at the sole discretion of the Board or other delegated persons. We cannot determine at this time either the persons who will receive such awards under the 2025 Plan or the amount or types of any such awards.

On June 5, 2026, the closing market price per share of our Common Stock was $0.2421, as reported by The Nasdaq Stock Market.

Vote Required

In order to approve this proposal, assuming that a quorum is present at the Annual Meeting, the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast by the stockholders entitled to vote on the Plan Amendment Proposal is required for the proposal to pass. Abstentions will have no effect on the results of this vote.

Recommendation of our Board

OUR BOARD UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT YOU VOTE “FOR” THE Plan Amendment PROPOSAL.

PROPOSAL NO. 4:
REVERSE STOCK SPLIT PROPOSAL

General

We are seeking stockholder approval for an amendment to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, authorizing a Reverse Stock Split of the issued and outstanding shares of our common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, at a ratio not less than 1:10 and not more than 1:100, such ratio and the implementation and timing of such Reverse Stock Split to be determined in the discretion of our Board. The form of the proposed amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation (the “Reverse Split Amendment”) is attached to this proxy statement as Appendix B.

On June 8, 2026, our Board approved the proposed Reverse Stock Split, and the Reverse Split Amendment in order to effect the Reverse Stock Split, subject to stockholder approval, and directed that the Reverse Split Amendment be submitted to a vote of the Company’s stockholders at the Annual Meeting. If approved by our stockholders, and if implemented by our Board, the Reverse Stock Split will become effective at the time specified in the Reverse Split Amendment, as filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware. The exact ratio of the Reverse Stock Split, within the 1:10 and 1:100 range, would be determined by the Board and publicly announced by the Company prior to filing the Reverse Split Amendment. In determining the appropriate ratio for the Reverse Stock Split, our Board will consider, among other things, factors such as:

	●	the minimum price per share requirements of The Nasdaq Capital Market;

	●	the historical trading price and trading volume of our common stock;

	●	the number of shares of our common stock outstanding and anticipated equity financing transactions in the future;

	●	the then-prevailing trading price and trading volume of our common stock and the anticipated impact of the Reverse Stock Split on the trading market for our common stock;

	●	business developments affecting us; and

	●	prevailing general market and economic conditions.

Background and Reasons for the Reverse Stock Split

Our Board authorized the Reverse Stock Split of our common stock with the primary intent of increasing the price of our common stock in order to meet the price criteria for continued listing on Nasdaq. Our common stock is publicly traded and listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “JUNS.” Our Board believes that, in addition to increasing the price of our common stock, the Reverse Stock Split would make our common stock more attractive to a broader range of institutional and other investors. Accordingly, for these and other reasons discussed below, we believe that effecting the Reverse Stock Split is in the Company’s and our stockholders’ best interests.

On February 26, 2026, we received two written notices from the Listing Qualifications Staff of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (the “Staff”) notifying us that (i) the listing of the Company’s Common Stock was not in compliance with the minimum bid price requirement (the “Minimum Bid Price Requirement”) as set forth under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued listing of its Common Stock on Nasdaq, as the closing bid price of the Common Stock was less than $1.00 per share for the previous 30 consecutive business days, and (ii) for the 30 consecutive business days ended February 26, 2026, the Company’s market value of listed securities (“MVLS”) closed below the $35 million threshold required for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(2) (the “MVLS Requirement”).

However, under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), the we have 180 calendar days, or until August 25, 2026, to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. During the 180-day period, we may regain compliance under Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) if the bid price for our Common Stock is at least $1.00 for a minimum period of 10 consecutive business days. Nasdaq may, in its discretion, require us to maintain such closing bid price for a period in excess of 10 consecutive business days, generally no more than 20 consecutive business days, before determining that we have regained compliance. In the event that we do not regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement by August 25, 2026, we may be eligible for additional time to regain compliance or may face delisting. To qualify for additional time, we will be required to meet the MVLS Requirement and all other initial listing standards for The Nasdaq Capital Market, with the exception of the Minimum Bid Price Requirement, and must provide written notice of its intention to cure the deficiency during the second compliance period, by effecting a reverse stock split, if necessary. If the we meet these requirements, Nasdaq will inform us that it has been granted an additional 180 calendar days. However, if it appears to Nasdaq that we will not be able to cure the deficiency, or if we are otherwise not eligible, Nasdaq will provide notice that our Common Stock will be subject to delisting. At that time, we may appeal the delisting determination to a hearings panel.

Our Board continues to believe that an increased stock price could encourage investor interest and improve the marketability of our common stock to a broader range of investors, and thus enhance our liquidity. Because of the trading volatility often associated with low-priced stocks, many brokerage firms and institutional investors have internal policies and practices that either prohibit them from investing in low-priced stocks or tend to discourage individual brokers from recommending low-priced stocks to their customers. Additionally, because brokers’ commissions on low-priced stocks generally represent a higher percentage of the stock price than commissions on higher-priced stock, the current share price of our common stock may result in an investor paying transaction costs that represent a higher percentage of total share value than would be the case if our share price were higher. Our Board believes that the higher share price resulting from the Reverse Stock Split could enable institutional investors and brokerage firms with such policies and practices to invest in our common stock.

Although we expect that the Reverse Stock Split will result in an increase in the market price of our common stock, the Reverse Stock Split may not result in a permanent increase in the market price of our common stock, which is dependent on many factors, including general economic, market and industry conditions and other factors detailed from time to time in the reports we file with the SEC.

Certain Risks Associated with the Reverse Stock Split

Unexpected factors, such as our ability to successfully accomplish our business goals, market conditions and the market perception of our business may adversely affect the market price of our common stock. There can be no assurance that the total market capitalization of our common stock after the implementation of the Reverse Stock Split will be equal to or greater than the total market capitalization before the Reverse Stock Split or that the per share market price of our common stock following the Reverse Stock Split will increase in proportion to the reduction in the number of shares of our common stock outstanding before the Reverse Stock Split.

There can be no assurance that the market price per new share of our common stock after the Reverse Stock Split will remain unchanged or increase in proportion to the reduction in the number of old shares of our common stock outstanding before the Reverse Stock Split. For example, based on the closing price of our common stock on June 5, 2026 of $0.2421 per share, if the Board were to implement the Reverse Stock Split and utilize a ratio of 1:10, we cannot assure you that the post-split market price of our common stock would remain greater than $1.00. We are aware that in many cases, the market price of a company’s shares declines after a reverse stock split is implemented.

Accordingly, the total market capitalization of our common stock after the Reverse Stock Split, when and if implemented, may be lower than the total market capitalization before the Reverse Stock Split. Moreover, in the future, the market price of our common stock following the Reverse Stock Split may not exceed or remain higher than the market price prior to the Reverse Stock Split.

Further, the liquidity of our capital stock may be harmed by the proposed Reverse Stock Split given the reduced number of shares that will be outstanding after the Reverse Stock Split, particularly if the stock price does not remain increased as a result of the Reverse Stock Split. In addition, the proposed Reverse Stock Split may increase the number of stockholders who own odd lots (less than 100 shares) of our common stock, creating the potential for such stockholders to experience an increase in the cost of selling their shares and greater difficulty effecting sales. If we effect the Reverse Stock Split, the resulting per-share stock price may not attract institutional investors and may not satisfy the investing guidelines of such investors and, consequently, the trading liquidity of our common stock may not improve.

While the Board proposes the Reverse Stock Split to bring the price of our common stock back above $1.00 per share in order to meet the requirements for the continued listing of our Common Stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market, there is no guarantee that the price of our common stock will not decrease in the future, or that for any other reason our common stock will not remain in compliance with The Nasdaq Capital Market listing standards. There can be no guarantee that the closing bid price of our common stock will remain at or above $1.00 for ten (10) consecutive trading days, which would be required to cure our current listing standard deficiency.

Potential Effects of the Proposed Reverse Stock Split

If this proposal is approved and the Reverse Stock Split is effected, the Reverse Stock Split will be realized simultaneously and in the same ratio for all of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock. The immediate effect of the Reverse Stock Split would be to reduce the number of shares of our common stock outstanding and to increase the per-share trading price of our common stock.

However, we cannot predict the effect of any reverse stock split upon the market price of our common stock over an extended period, and in many cases, the market value of a company’s common stock following a reverse stock split declines, in many cases, because of variables outside of a company’s control (such as market volatility, investor response to the news of a proposed reverse stock split and the general economic environment). We cannot assure you that the trading price of our common stock after the Reverse Stock Split will rise in inverse proportion to the reduction in the number of shares of our common stock outstanding as a result of the Reverse Stock Split. Also, we cannot assure you that the Reverse Stock Split would lead to a sustained increase in the trading price of our common stock. The trading price of our common stock may change due to a variety of other factors, including our operating results and other factors related to our business and general market conditions. You should also keep in mind that the implementation of a reverse stock split does not have an effect on the actual or intrinsic value of our business or a stockholder’s proportional ownership in our Company. However, should the overall value of our common stock decline after the proposed Reverse Stock Split, then the actual or intrinsic value of the shares of our common stock held by you will also proportionately decrease as a result of the overall decline in value.

Examples of Potential Reverse Stock Split at Various Ratios. The table below provides examples of reverse stock splits at various ratios up to 1-for-100, without giving effect to the treatment of fractional shares. The actual number of shares outstanding after giving effect to the Reverse Stock Split, if effected, will depend on the actual ratio that is determined by our Board in accordance with the Reverse Split Amendment.

Shares outstanding as of June 2, 2026	Reverse Stock Split Ratio	Shares outstanding after Reverse Stock Split
48,224,110	1 for 10	4,822,411
48,224,110	1 for 20	2,411,205
48,224,110	1 for 50	964,482
48,224,110	1 for 100	482,241

The resulting decrease in the number of shares of our common stock outstanding could potentially adversely affect the liquidity of our common stock, especially in the case of larger block trades.

Effects on Ownership by Individual Stockholders. If we implement the Reverse Stock Split, the number of shares of our common stock held by each stockholder would be reduced by dividing the number of shares held immediately before the Reverse Stock Split by the appropriate ratio and then rounding down to the nearest whole share. We would pay cash to each stockholder in lieu of any fractional interest in a share to which each stockholder would otherwise be entitled as a result of the Reverse Stock Split, as described in further detail below. The cash amount to be paid to each stockholder would equal the stockholder’s fractional interest in one (1) share of our common stock to which the stockholder would otherwise be entitled, multiplied by the closing sale price of our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market on the trading day immediately prior to the effective date of the Reverse Stock Split. The Reverse Stock Split would not affect any stockholder’s percentage ownership interest in our Company or proportionate voting power, except to the extent that interests in fractional shares would be paid in cash.

Effect on Restricted Stock Units, Stock Options, Warrants. In addition, we would adjust all outstanding shares of any restricted stock units, stock options, convertible securities and warrants entitling the holders to acquire shares of our common stock as a result of the Reverse Stock Split, as required by the terms of these securities. In particular, we would reduce each security by the conversion ratio, and would increase the exercise price in accordance with the terms of each security based on Reverse Stock Split ratio (i.e., the number of shares issuable under such securities would decrease by the ratio, and the exercise price per share would be multiplied by ratio). The Reverse Stock Split would not otherwise affect any of the rights currently accruing to holders of our common stock, or options or warrants exercisable for our common stock.

Other Effects on Issued and Outstanding Shares. If we implement the Reverse Stock Split, the rights pertaining to the issued and outstanding shares of our common stock would be unchanged after the Reverse Stock Split. Each share of our common stock issued following the Reverse Stock Split would be fully paid and non-assessable.

Reservation of Right to Abandon the Proposed Reverse Split Amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation

Our Board reserves the right not to file the Reverse Split Amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation without further action by our stockholders at any time before the effectiveness of the filing of the Reverse Split Amendment with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, even if the authority to effect the Reverse Split Amendment is approved by our stockholders at the Annual Meeting. By voting in favor of the Reverse Split Amendment, you are expressly also authorizing our Board to delay, not proceed with, and abandon, the proposed Reverse Split Amendment if it should so decide, in its sole discretion, that such action is in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders.

Procedure for Effecting the Proposed Stock Split and Exchange of Stock Certificates

If stockholders approve this proposal and our Board does not otherwise abandon the Reverse Split Amendment contemplating the Reverse Stock Split, we will file with the Delaware Secretary of State a Certificate of Amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation, in the form attached to this proxy statement as Appendix B. The Reverse Stock Split will become effective at the time and on the date of filing of, or at such later time as is specified in, the Reverse Split Amendment, which we refer to as the “effective time.” Beginning at the effective time, each certificate representing shares of common stock will be deemed for all corporate purposes to evidence ownership of the number of whole shares into which the shares previously represented by the certificate were combined pursuant to the Reverse Stock Split.

Upon the Reverse Stock Split, we intend to treat stockholders holding our common stock in “street name,” through a bank, broker or other nominee, in the same manner as registered stockholders whose shares are registered in their names. Banks, brokers or other nominees will be instructed to effect the Reverse Stock Split for their beneficial holders holding our common stock in “street name.” However, these banks, brokers or other nominees may have different procedures than registered stockholders for processing the Reverse Stock Split. If you hold your shares with a bank, broker or other nominee and if you have any questions in this regard, we encourage you to contact your nominee.

Following the Reverse Stock Split, stockholders holding physical certificates must exchange those certificates for new certificates and a cash payment in lieu of any fractional shares.

The Company’s transfer agent will advise registered stockholders of the procedures to be followed to exchange certificates in a letter of transmittal to be sent to stockholders. No new certificates will be issued to a stockholder until the stockholder has surrendered the stockholder’s outstanding certificate(s), together with the properly completed and executed letter of transmittal, to the transfer agent. Any old shares submitted for transfer, whether pursuant to a sale, other disposition or otherwise, will automatically be exchanged for new shares. Stockholders should not destroy any stock certificate(s) and should not submit any certificate(s) until requested to do so.

No Appraisal Rights

No appraisal rights are available under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware or under our Certificate of Incorporation, or our Bylaws, as amended, with respect to the Reverse Stock Split. There may exist other rights or actions under state law for stockholders who are aggrieved by reverse stock splits generally.

Potential Anti-Takeover Effect

Although the increased proportion of unissued authorized shares to issued shares could, under certain circumstances, have an anti-takeover effect (for example, by permitting issuances that would dilute the stock ownership of a person seeking to effect a change in the composition of the Board or contemplating a tender offer or other transaction for the combination of the Company with another company), the Reverse Stock Split proposal is not being proposed in response to any effort of which we are aware to accumulate shares of our common stock or obtain control of the Company, nor is it part of a plan by management to recommend a series of similar amendments to the Board and stockholders. Other than the Reverse Stock Split proposal, the Board does not currently contemplate recommending the adoption of any other actions that could be construed to affect the ability of third parties to take over or change control of the Company.

Interests of Directors and Executive Officers

Our directors and executive officers have no substantial interests, directly or indirectly, in the matters set forth in this proposal except to the extent of their ownership of shares of our common stock.

Accounting Consequences

The Reverse Stock Split would not affect the per-share par value of our common stock, which would remain at $0.0001 par value per share, while the number of outstanding shares of common stock would decrease in accordance with the Reverse Stock Split ratio. As a result, as of the effective time of the Reverse Stock Split, the stated capital attributable to common stock on our balance sheet would decrease, and the additional paid-in capital account on our balance sheet would increase by an offsetting amount. Following the Reverse Stock Split, the reported per-share net income or loss would be higher because there would be fewer shares of common stock outstanding, and we would adjust historical per share amounts set forth in our future financial statements.

No Going Private Transaction

Notwithstanding the decrease in the number of outstanding shares following the Reverse Stock Split, our Board does not intend for this transaction to be the first step in a “going private transaction” within the meaning of Rule 13e-3 of the Exchange Act.

Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Reverse Stock Split

The following is a summary of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Reverse Stock Split to holders of our shares. This summary is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, the Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder, and administrative rulings and court decisions in effect as of the date of this document, all of which may be subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect. This summary only addresses holders who hold their shares as capital assets within the meaning of the Code and does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant to holders subject to special tax treatment, such as financial institutions, dealers in securities, insurance companies, foreign persons and tax-exempt entities. In addition, this summary does not consider the effects of any applicable state, local, foreign or other tax laws.

We have not sought and will not seek any ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) or an opinion from counsel with respect to the U.S. federal income tax consequences discussed below. There can be no assurance that the tax consequences discussed below would be accepted by the IRS or a court. The tax treatment of the Reverse Stock Split to holders may vary depending upon a holder’s particular facts and circumstances.

We urge holders to consult with their own tax advisors as to any U.S. federal, state, local or foreign tax consequences applicable to them that could result from the Reverse Stock Split.

Except as described below with respect to cash received in lieu of fractional shares, the receipt of common stock in the Reverse Stock Split should not result in any taxable gain or loss to a holder for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The aggregate tax basis of the common stock received by a holder as a result of the Reverse Stock Split (including the basis of any fractional share to which a holder is entitled) will be equal to the aggregate basis of the existing common stock exchanged for such stock. A holder’s holding period for the common stock received in the Reverse Stock Split will include the holding period of the common stock exchanged therefor.

A holder who receives cash in lieu of a fractional share of common stock will be treated as first receiving such fractional share and then receiving cash in redemption of such fractional share. A holder generally will recognize capital gain or loss on such deemed redemption in an amount equal to the difference between the amount of cash received and the adjusted basis of such fractional share.

Transfer Agent and Registrar

The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is now and will remain Equiniti Trust Company, LLC.

Listing

Our common stock is currently traded on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “JUNS”. The principal reason for the Reverse Stock Split is to increase the per share trading price of our common stock in order to help ensure a share price high enough to satisfy the $1.00 per share minimum bid price requirement for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market. However, there can be no assurance that the trading price of our common stock would be maintained at such level or that we will be able to maintain the listing of our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market.

Vote Required

In order to approve this proposal, assuming that a quorum is present at the Annual Meeting, the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast by the stockholders entitled to vote on the Reverse Stock Split Proposal is required for the proposal to pass. Abstentions will have no effect on the results of this vote.

Recommendation of our Board

OUR BOARD UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT YOU VOTE “FOR” THE REVERSE STOCK SPLIT PROPOSAL.

PROPOSAL NO. 5:
ADJOURNMENT

The Board recommends that the stockholders approve any adjournments of the virtual Annual Meeting, if necessary or appropriate, to permit further solicitation of proxies in the event that there are insufficient votes to approve a proposal or to establish a quorum. If the adjournment proposal is approved, the meeting may be adjourned by the chair or the Board’s designee to a later date or dates to allow additional time to solicit additional proxies in favor of a proposal or to establish a quorum.

Vote Required

The affirmative vote of a majority of the shares (by voting power) present in person at the virtual Annual Meeting or represented by proxy and entitled to vote at the virtual Annual Meeting is required to approve any adjournments of the virtual Annual Meeting to permit further solicitation of proxies in the event that there are insufficient votes to approve a proposal or to establish a quorum.

Recommendation of our Board

OUR BOARD UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT YOU VOTE “FOR” ADJOURNMENT.

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.

The following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of May 22, 2026 by:

	●	each person known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our outstanding shares of common stock;
	●	each of our executive officers and directors that beneficially owns shares of our common stock; and
	●	all our executive officers and directors as a group.

In the table below, percentage ownership is based on 48,224,110 shares of our common stock issued and outstanding as of May 22, 2026. Unless otherwise noted below, the address for each beneficial owner listed on the table is c/o Jupiter Neurosciences, Inc., 1001 North US Hwy 1, Suite 504, Jupiter, FL 33477. We have determined beneficial ownership in accordance with the rules of the SEC. We believe, based on the information furnished to us, that the persons and entities named in the tables below have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of common stock that they beneficially own, subject to applicable community property laws.

Name and Address of Beneficial Owner	Amount and Nature of Shares Beneficial Ownership (1)			Percentage of Class
Executive Officers and Directors:
Christer Rosén		13,080,566	(2)		25.8	%
Marshall Hayward, Ph.D.		4,015,175	(3)		8.1	%
Saleem Elmasri		732,712	(4)		1.5	%
Alison D. Silva		983,648	(5)		2.0	%
Alexander Rosén		1,789,099	(6)		3.6	%
Nicholas H. Hemmerly		289,287	(7)		*
Julie Kampf		259,868	(8)		*
Allison W. Brady		270,409	(9)		*
Holger Weis		277,436	(10)		*
All executive officers and directors as a group (9 persons)		21,698,200	(11)		38.6	%
Other 5% Stockholders:
Claes Wahlestedt, M.D., Ph.D.		3,120,885	(12)		6.4	%

*	less than 1%.

(1) The percentages in the table have been calculated based on 48,224,110 shares of our common stock outstanding on May 22, 2026. To calculate a stockholder’s percentage of beneficial ownership, we include in the numerator and denominator the common stock outstanding and all shares of our common stock issuable to that person in the event of the exercise of outstanding options and other derivative securities owned by that person which are exercisable within 60 days of May 22, 2026. Common stock options and derivative securities held by other stockholders are disregarded in this calculation. Therefore, the denominator used in calculating beneficial ownership among our stockholders may differ. Unless we have indicated otherwise, each person named in the table has sole voting power and sole investment power for the shares listed opposite such person’s name.

(2) Includes 2,501,070 shares of common stock that may be acquired within 60 days of May 22, 2026 upon exercise of vested stock awards.

(3) Includes 1,409,891 shares of common stock that may be acquired within 60 days of May 22, 2026 upon exercise of vested stock awards.

(4) Includes 732,712 shares of common stock that may be acquired within 60 days of May 22, 2026 upon exercise of vested stock awards.

(5) Includes 981,098 shares of common stock that may be acquired within 60 days of May 22, 2026 upon exercise of vested stock awards.

(6) Includes 1,336,241 shares of common stock that may be acquired within 60 days of May 22, 2026 upon exercise of vested stock awards.

(7) Includes 289,287 shares of common stock that may be acquired within 60 days of May 22, 2026 upon exercise of stock awards.

(8) Includes 259,868 shares of common stock that may be acquired within 60 days of May 22, 2026 upon exercise of vested stock awards.

(9) Includes 248,659 shares of common stock that may be acquired within 60 days of May 22, 2026 upon exercise of vested stock awards. Ms. Brady resigned from the Board effective June 17, 2026.

(10) Includes 266,665 shares of common stock that may be acquired within 60 days of May 22, 2026 upon exercise of vested stock awards.

(11) Represents shares of common stock beneficially owned by Christer Rosén, Marshall Hayward, Ph.D., Saleem Elmasri, Alison D. Silva, Alexander Rosén, Nicholas H. Hemmerly, Julie Kampf, Allison W. Brady, and Holger Weis, as shown in the table above and in the footnotes to such table.

(12) Includes 304,841 shares of common stock that may be acquired within 60 days of May 22, 2026 upon exercise of vested stock awards.

Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans

The following table provides information as of December 31, 2025, regarding our compensation plans under which equity securities are authorized for issuance:

Plan category	Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights		Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights		Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a))
	(a)		(b)		(c)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders		8,254,974	$	0.94		9,893,319
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders		3,948,928		1.20		-
Total		12,203,902	$	1.02		9,893,319

The Company’s stockholders approved the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (“2016 Plan”) on January 4, 2016. Under the 2016 Plan, as modified, 8,437,500 shares of common stock are authorized for issuance to employees, officers, directors, consultants. The 2016 Plan authorizes the grant of nonqualified stock options and incentive stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights, under the 2016 Plan. The Company does not intend to make any additional grants under the 2016 Plan. As of May 22, 2026, there were 2,156,184 shares available for issuance under the 2016 Plan.

The Board and stockholders of the Company approved the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”) on September 17, 2021. Under the 2021 Plan, 1,125,000 shares of common stock were initially authorized for issuance to employees, directors and independent contractors (except those performing services in connection with the offer or sale of the Company’s securities in a capital raising transaction, or promoting or maintaining a market for the Company’s securities) of the Company or its subsidiaries. The 2021 Plan authorizes equity-based and cash-based incentives for participants. On July 22, 2022, the Board increased the shares authorized for issuance pursuant to the 2021 Plan to 1,710,000. The Company does not intend to make any grants under the 2021 Plan. As of May 22, 2026, there were 1,440,000 shares available for issuance under the 2021 Plan.

The Board and stockholders of the Company approved the 2023 Plan on October 4, 2023. Under the 2023 Plan, 4,012,785 shares of common stock were authorized for issuance to employees, directors and independent contractors (except those performing services in connection with the offer or sale of the Company’s securities in a capital raising transaction, or promoting or maintaining a market for the Company’s securities) of the Company or its subsidiaries. As of May 22, 2026, there were 1,047,135 shares available for issuance under the 2023 Plan.

The Board and stockholders of the Company approved the 2025 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2025 Plan”) on December 19, 2025. Under the 2025 Plan, 5,250,000 shares of common stock are authorized for issuance to employees, directors and independent contractors (except those performing services in connection with the offer or sale of the Company’s securities in a capital raising transaction, or promoting or maintaining a market for the Company’s securities) of the Company or its subsidiaries. As of May 22, 2026, there were 4,950,000 shares available for issuance under the 2025 Plan.

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Policies and Procedures for Related Party Transactions

Under Item 404 of SEC Regulation S-K, a related person transaction is any actual or proposed transaction, arrangement or relationship or series of similar transactions, arrangements or relationships, including those involving indebtedness not in the ordinary course of business, to which we or our subsidiaries were or are a party, or in which we or our subsidiaries were or are a participant, in which the amount involved exceeded or exceeds the lesser of $120,000 or 1% of the average of our total assets at year-end for the last two completed fiscal years and in which any of our directors, nominees for director, executive officers, beneficial owners of more than 5% of any class of our voting securities, or any member of the immediate family of any of the foregoing persons, had or will have a direct or indirect material interest.

We recognize that transactions between us and any of our directors or executives or with a third party in which one of our officers, directors or significant stockholders has an interest can present potential or actual conflicts of interest and create the appearance that our decisions are based on considerations other than the best interests of our Company and stockholders.

The Audit Committee of the Board is charged with responsibility for reviewing, approving and overseeing any transaction between the Company and any related person (as defined in Item 404 of Regulation S-K), including the propriety and ethical implications of any such transactions, as reported or disclosed to the Audit Committee by the independent auditors, employees, officers, members of the Board or otherwise, and to determine whether the terms of the transaction are not less favorable to us than could be obtained from an unaffiliated party.

From time to time, we engage in transactions with related parties. The following is a summary of the related party transactions since January 1, 2025 requiring disclosure pursuant to Item 404 of Regulation S-K.

Other Related Party Transactions

Accrued compensation includes partially accrued salaries to executives since inception. Since inception, executive salaries have been paid in cash when the Company’s cash flow has permitted such payment.

On March 15, 2024, a former executive agreed to forgive $100,000 of accrued compensation in exchange for 49,605 options to purchase common stock and 7,500 restricted stock units. The options to purchase common stock have a strike price of $1.33. The option had a grant date fair value of $50,000. The Company recorded a gain on the forgiveness of accrued compensation in the amount of $40,000.

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, $64,105 was due to a Company wholly owned by the Company’s Chief Financial Officer, who also is an option holder, respectively. The amount is included in accrued compensation on the Company’s balance sheets.

Titan Consulting Agreement

On December 31, 2022, the Company entered into a Master Services Agreement with Titan Advisory Services LLC (“Titan”), which is wholly-owned by Mr. Elmasri and his wife, pursuant to which Titan will provide certain services to the Company (the “MSA”). The MSA provides that the specific services (the “Services”) will be described in separate Scopes of Work (“SOW”) which will constitute a part of the MSA. The term of the MSA continues until 30 days after either party notifies the others that it desires to terminate the MSA.

The Services, which commenced on January 1, 2023, are to be provided by Saleem Elmasri, and include Mr. Elmasri serving as the Chief Financial Officer of the Company, and having the following responsibilities: (i) overall financial strategy implementation and execution; (ii) overseeing forecasts and budgeting; (iii) overseeing the Company’s finance/accounting department; (iv) financial reporting; and (v) overseeing tax compliance. Separately, Mr. Elmasri has also been named as the Secretary of the Company.

The MSA agreement provides that the Company shall pay Titan a monthly fee in the amount of $25,000 (annual fee in aggregate of $300,000 per year) and that Mr. Elmasri will be issued an option to acquire 562,500 shares of common stock, pursuant to a separate option agreement. 25% of the options are vested upon issuance, with the balance to vest in equal quarterly installments over the following 24 months, and the option has a 10-year term. The exercise price for the shares of common stock will be $1.33. The options will accelerate and vest immediately upon a merger, acquisition or other transaction that will be deemed a change of control of the Company. Titan and Mr. Elmasri will be eligible to participate in additional incentive equity or cash compensation alongside the Company’s other executives, at the sole discretion of the Company. Any additional resources used by Titan to provide the Services, subject to prior approval by the Company, will be billed to the Company at between $150 and $250 per hour, and the Company has also agreed to reimburse Titan for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses that Titan incurs in providing the Services.

The MSA includes a customary confidentiality provision for the benefit of the Company, and also includes a non-solicitation provision pursuant to which each party agrees that during the term of the MSA and for a period of one year thereafter, neither party will, without the prior written consent of the other, engage in any way, employ, hire, or otherwise do business with any employee or former employee of the other party.

The MSA provides that the Company will be solely responsible for the contents of the information it provides to Titan in connection with the MSA, and the Company makes customary representations and warranties regarding such information. The Company also agreed in the MSA to indemnify Titan, its principals, employees and representatives, from and against any claims, losses, damages or any other liability arising from or as a result of (i) Titan performing the Services or any other services requested by the Company, (ii) any claim by the Company or any third party of any misrepresentation or reliance on any information resulting from the Services; (iii) any claim by the Company or any third party or governmental agency brought under the federal securities laws or other statutes, state statute, or common law, or otherwise, or (iv) any claim by the Company or any third party in connection with the sale or issuance of any shares of the Company’s stock, or other equity or debt of the Company. The maximum liability of Titan that may arise out of the Services is limited to the total fees paid to Titan for a particular SOW, unless Titan is found to be grossly negligent in its duties or acts with willful misconduct.

The MSA contains customary miscellaneous provisions, including a no-assignment provision, and an agreement to submit any disputes to mediation, or thereafter to arbitration if the mediation is not successful.

On January 31, 2023, Titan agreed to reduce the monthly fee to $20,000 per month until the time that the Company has raised additional capital from the sale of its securities in the amount of $1,500,000.

On December 18, 2023, Titan agreed to reduce the monthly fee to $5,000 per month, effective retrospectively to October 1, 2023, until the time that the Company has raised additional capital from the sale of its securities in the amount of $1,500,000 (the “Reduction Period”). Upon the expiration of the Reduction Period, the base salary shall be adjusted to be 105% the original base salary. Such adjustment did not go into effect.

On December 17, 2024, the parties agreed that the Company would pay to Titan a monthly fee in the amount of $20,000 (amounting to an aggregate annual fee of $240,000). Titan is not owed any additional fees upon a termination or change in control. In addition, Titan is eligible for cash bonuses and additional equity compensation, at the Company’s discretion.

Director Independence

Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Under applicable rules of the Nasdaq Capital Market, a director will only qualify as an “independent director” if, in the opinion of the listed company’s board of directors, that person does not have a relationship that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director. In order to be considered independent for purposes of Rule 10A-3, a member of an audit committee of a listed company may not, other than in his or her capacity as a member of the audit committee, the board of directors, or any other board committee, accept, directly or indirectly, any consulting, advisory, or other compensatory fee from the listed company or any of its subsidiaries or otherwise be an affiliated person of the listed company or any of its subsidiaries.

The Company’s Board has affirmatively determined that currently three of its six directors (Christer Rosén, Marshall Hayward, Ph.D., and Alison D. Silva) are non-independent directors of the Company and three of its six directors (Nicholas H. Hemmerly, Julie Kampf, and Holger Weis) are independent directors of the Company as defined in the Nasdaq standards. Following the resignation of Ms. Brady from the Board effective June 17, 2026, the Board does not currently have a majority of independent directors as required by Nasdaq Listing Rule 5605(b)(1). The Company intends to regain compliance with this requirement following the election of directors at the Annual Meeting.

OTHER MATTERS

The Board knows of no other business which will be presented to the Annual Meeting. If any other business is properly brought before the virtual Annual Meeting, proxies in the enclosed form will be voted in accordance with the judgment of the persons voting the proxies.

We will bear the cost of soliciting proxies in the accompanying form. In addition to the use of the mails, proxies may also be solicited by our directors, officers or other employees, personally or by telephone, facsimile or email, none of whom will be compensated separately for these solicitation activities.

If you do not plan to attend the virtual Annual Meeting, in order that your shares may be represented and in order to assure the required quorum, please sign, date and return your proxy promptly. In the event you are able to attend the Annual Meeting, at your request, we will cancel your previously submitted proxy.

HOUSEHOLDING

The SEC has adopted rules that permit companies and intermediaries (e.g., brokers) to satisfy the delivery requirements for proxy statements and other virtual Annual Meeting materials with respect to two or more stockholders sharing the same address by delivering a proxy statement or other virtual Annual Meeting materials addressed to those stockholders. This process, which is commonly referred to as householding, potentially provides extra convenience for stockholders and cost savings for companies. Stockholders who participate in householding will continue to be able to access and receive separate proxy cards.

If you share an address with another stockholder and have received multiple copies of our proxy materials, you may write or call us at the address and phone number below to request delivery of a single copy of the notice and, if applicable, other proxy materials in the future. We undertake to deliver promptly upon written or oral request a separate copy of the proxy materials, as requested, to a stockholder at a shared address to which a single copy of the proxy materials was delivered. If you hold stock as a record stockholder and prefer to receive separate copies of our proxy materials either now or in the future, please contact us at 1001 North US HWY 1, Suite 504 Jupiter Fl 33477 Attn: Chief Administrative Officer, phone number (561) 406-6154. If your stock is held through a brokerage firm or bank and you prefer to receive separate copies of our proxy materials either now or in the future, please contact your brokerage firm or bank.

BY ORDER OF THE BOARD

/s/ Christer Rosén
Christer Rosén
Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

June 22, 2026

APPENDIX A

Amended and Restated 2025 Equity Incentive Plan

Jupiter Neurosciences, Inc.

2025 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended

Effective [●] , 2026

Contents

Section 1. Establishment, Purpose and Duration	1
Section 2. Definitions	1
Section 3. Administration	6
Section 4. Shares Subject to This Plan and Maximum Awards	8
Section 5. Eligibility and Participation	10
Section 6. Stock Options	11
Section 7. Stock Appreciation Rights	12
Section 8. Restricted Stock	13
Section 9. Restricted Stock Units	14
Section 10. Performance Shares	15
Section 11. Performance Units	15
Section 12. Other Stock-Based Awards and Cash-Based Awards	16
Section 13. Effect of Termination of Service	17
Section 14. Transferability of Awards and Shares	17
Section 15. Performance-Based Compensation	17
Section 16. Nonemployee Director Awards	20
Section 17. Effect of a Change in Control	20
Section 18. Dividends and Dividend Equivalents	21
Section 19. Beneficiary Designation	21
Section 20. Rights of Participants	21
Section 21. Amendment and Termination	22
Section 22. General Provisions	23

Jupiter Neurosciences, Inc. 2025 Equity Incentive Plan

Section 1. Establishment, Purpose and Duration

1.1 Establishment. Jupiter Neurosciences, Inc., a Delaware corporation, hereby establishes an incentive compensation plan to be known as the Jupiter Neurosciences, Inc. 2025 Equity Incentive Plan, as set forth in this document. This Plan permits the grant of various forms of equity- and cash-based awards. This Plan shall become effective upon shareholder approval (the “Effective Date”) and shall remain in effect as provided in Section 1.3. This Plan and each Award granted hereunder are conditioned on and shall be of no force or effect until this Plan is approved by the shareholders of the Company within twelve (12) months after its adoption by the Board.

1.2 Purpose of this Plan. The purpose of this Plan is to enable the Company and its Subsidiaries to attract and retain qualified individuals for positions of significant responsibility and to provide additional incentives to Participants by providing them with, among other things, an opportunity for investment in the Company.

1.3 Duration of this Plan. Unless sooner terminated as provided herein, this Plan shall terminate ten (10) years after the Effective Date. After this Plan is terminated, no Awards may be granted but Awards previously granted shall remain outstanding in accordance with their applicable terms and conditions and this Plan’s terms and conditions.

Section 2. Definitions

Whenever used in this Plan, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth below, and when the meaning is intended, the initial letter of the word shall be capitalized.

2.1 “Award” means a grant under this Plan of Nonqualified Stock Options, Incentive Stock Options, Stock Appreciation Rights, Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, Performance Shares, Performance Units, Cash-Based Awards or Other Stock-Based Awards, in each case subject to the terms of this Plan.

2.2 “Award Agreement” means a written agreement entered into by the Company and a Participant, or a written or electronic statement issued by the Company to a Participant, which in either case contains (either expressly or by reference to this Plan or any subplan created hereunder) the terms and provisions applicable to an Award granted under this Plan, including any amendment or modification thereof. The Committee may provide for the use of electronic, internet or other non-paper Award Agreements, and the use of electronic, Internet or other non-paper means for the acceptance thereof and actions thereunder by a Participant (including, but not limited to, the use of electronic signatures).

2.3 “Beneficial Owner” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Rule 13d-3 of the General Rules and Regulations under the Exchange Act and the terms “Beneficial Ownership” and “Beneficially Own” shall have the corresponding meanings.

2.4 “Board” means the Board of Directors (or equivalent governing body) of the Company.

2.5 “Cash-Based Award” means an Award, denominated in cash, granted to a Participant as described in Section 12.

2.6 “Cause” means if the Participant is a party to a written employment or service agreement with the Company or its Subsidiaries and such agreement provides for a definition of Cause, the definition contained therein, or if no such agreement exists, or if such agreement does not define Cause, (a) the commission of, or plea of guilty or no contest to, a felony or a crime involving moral turpitude or the commission of any other act involving willful malfeasance or material fiduciary breach with respect to the Company or a Subsidiary; (b) theft or embezzlement of the property of the Company or a Subsidiary; (c) conduct that results in or is reasonably likely to result in material harm to the reputation or business of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries; (d) gross negligence or willful misconduct with respect to the Company or a Subsidiary; (e) the willful and continued failure to perform substantially the Participant’s duties with the Company or one of its Subsidiaries; (f) a material violation of state or federal securities laws; or (g) a material violation of any written agreement or covenant with the Company or one of its Subsidiaries.

2.7 A “Change in Control” means, except as may otherwise be provided in an Award Agreement, the occurrence of any one of the following events:

(a) the acquisition by any Person (other than the Company or a Subsidiary or any Company employee benefit plan (including its trustee)), of Beneficial Ownership, directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing 50% or more of the combined voting power of the Company’s then outstanding securities;

(b) individuals who, as of the Effective Date, constitute the Board (the “Incumbent Board”) cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the Board; provided, however, that any individual becoming a Director subsequent to the Effective Date whose election, or nomination for election by the Company’s shareholders, was approved by a vote of at least two-thirds (2/3) of the Directors then comprising the Incumbent Board shall be considered as though such individual were a member of the Incumbent Board, but excluding, for this purpose, any such individual whose initial assumption of office occurs as a result of an actual or threatened election contest with respect to the election or removal of Directors or other actual or threatened solicitation of proxies or consents by or on behalf of a Person other than the Board; or

(c) consummation of a reorganization, merger or consolidation or sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets or stock of the Company (a “Business Combination”), in each case, unless, following such Business Combination, (i) all or substantially all of the individuals and entities who were the Beneficial Owners, respectively, of the total number of shares of the Company’s outstanding securities immediately prior to such Business Combination Beneficially Own, directly or indirectly, more than fifty percent (50%) of the combined voting power of the then outstanding securities of the corporation resulting from such Business Combination (including, without limitation, a corporation which as a result of such transaction owns the Company or all or substantially all of the Company’s assets either directly or through one or more subsidiaries) in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of the combined voting power of the Company’s outstanding securities immediately prior to such Business Combination, (ii) no Person (excluding any corporation resulting from such Business Combination, or any employee benefit plan (including its trustee) of the Company or such corporation resulting from such Business Combination) Beneficially Owns, directly or indirectly, 50% or more of, respectively, the combined voting power of the then outstanding securities of the corporation resulting from such Business Combination except to the extent that such ownership existed prior to the Business Combination and (iii) at least a majority of the members of the board of directors of the corporation resulting from such Business Combination were Directors of the Company immediately prior to the signing of the agreement providing for such Business Combination.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent that any Award constitutes a deferral of compensation subject to Code Section 409A, and if that Award provides for payment or a change in the time or form of payment based upon a Change in Control, then, solely for purposes of applying such payment or a change in the time or form of payment provision, a Change in Control shall be deemed to have occurred upon an event described in Section 2.7 only if the event would also constitute a change in ownership or effective control of, or a change in ownership of a substantial portion of the assets of, the Company under Code Section 409A.

A “Change in Control” shall not result from any transaction precipitated by the Company’s insolvency, appointment of a conservator, or determination by a regulatory agency that the Company is insolvent, nor from any transaction initiated by the Company in regard to converting from a publicly traded company to a privately held company.

2.8 “Code” means the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time. For purposes of this Plan, references to sections of the Code shall be deemed to include references to any applicable regulations thereunder and any successor or similar provision.

2.9 “Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

2.10 “Committee” means the committee or other individuals designated by the Board to administer this Plan. The members of the Committee shall be appointed from time to time by, and shall serve at the discretion of, the Board. The Committee shall consist of two or more Nonemployee Directors. If the Committee does not exist or cannot function for any reason, the Board may take any action under this Plan that would otherwise be the responsibility of the Committee. To the extent required by applicable law, rule or regulation, it is intended that each member of the Committee shall be (a) an independent director within the meaning of the rules and regulations of the Nasdaq Stock Market (or such other national securities exchange or quotation system on which the Shares may be listed or quoted) and (b) a non-employee director within the meaning of Exchange Act Rule 16b-3, or alternatively, the Committee may designate a subcommittee or establish other procedures for purposes of satisfying such requirements.

2.11 “Company” means Jupiter Neurosciences, Inc., and any successor thereto as provided in Section 22.21.

2.12 “Director” means any individual who is a member of the Board.

2.13 “Dividend Equivalent” has the meaning set forth in Section 18.

2.14 “Effective Date” has the meaning set forth in Section 1.1.

2.15 “Employee” means any individual performing services for the Company or a Subsidiary and designated as an employee of the Company or the Subsidiary on its payroll records. An Employee shall not include any individual during any period he or she is classified or treated by the Company or Subsidiary as an independent contractor, a consultant or an employee of an employment, leasing, consulting or temporary agency or any other entity other than the Company or Subsidiary, without regard to whether such individual is subsequently determined to have been, or is subsequently retroactively reclassified, as a common-law employee of the Company or Subsidiary during such period.

2.16 “Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended from time to time.

2.17 “Exercise Price” means the price at which a Share may be purchased by a Participant pursuant to an Option.

2.18 “Fair Market Value” means, as applied to a specific date and unless otherwise specified in an Award Agreement, the price of a Share that is equal to the closing price of a Share on the Nasdaq Stock Exchange (or, on such other national securities exchange or quotation system on which the Shares may be listed or quoted) on the date of determination, or if no sales of Shares shall have occurred on such exchange on the date of determination, the closing price of the Shares on such exchange on the most recent date on which the Shares were publicly traded. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if Shares are not traded on any established stock exchange, the Fair Market Value means the price of a Share as established by the Committee acting in good faith (and to the extent applicable, based on a reasonable valuation method that is consistent with the requirements of Code Section 409A and the regulations thereunder).

2.19 “Grant Date” means the date an Award to a Participant pursuant to this Plan is approved by the Committee (or such later date as specified in such approval by the Committee) or, in the case of an Award granted to a Nonemployee Director, the date on which such Award is approved by the Board (or such later date as specified in such approval by the Board).

2.20 “Grant Price” means the per Share price established at the time of grant of a SAR pursuant to Section 7.

2.21 “Incentive Stock Option” or “ISO” means an Award granted pursuant to Section 6 that is designated as an Incentive Stock Option and that is intended to meet the requirements of Code Section 422 or any successor provision.

2.22 “Nonemployee Director” means a Director who is not an Employee.

2.23 “Nonqualified Stock Option” means an Award granted pursuant to Section 6 that is not intended to meet the requirements of Code Section 422, or that otherwise does not meet such requirements.

2.24 “Option” means an Award consisting of a right granted to a Participant pursuant to Section 6 to purchase a specified number of Shares at a specified Exercise Price, which Award may be an Incentive Stock Option or a Nonqualified Stock Option.

2.25 “Other Stock-Based Award” means an equity-based or equity-related Award not otherwise described by the terms of this Plan that is granted pursuant to Section 12.

2.26 “Participant” means any eligible individual as set forth in Section 5 to whom an Award is granted, and includes any individual who holds an Award after the death of the original recipient.

2.27 “Performance-Based Compensation” means compensation payable under an Award which is conditioned upon the achievement of performance goals based upon one or more Performance Measures as described in Section 15.

2.28 “Performance Measures” means measures, as described in Section 15.2, upon which performance goals are based pursuant to this Plan in order to qualify Awards as Performance-Based Compensation.

2.29 “Performance Period” means the period of time during which pre-established performance goals must be met in order to determine the degree of payout and/or vesting with respect to an Award.

2.30 “Performance Shares” means an Award granted pursuant to Section 10.

2.31 “Performance Unit” means an Award granted pursuant to Section 11.

2.32 “Period of Restriction” means the period when Restricted Stock or Restricted Stock Units are subject to a vesting requirement (based on continued service, the achievement of performance goals or upon the occurrence of other events as determined by the Committee, in its discretion) as provided in Sections 8 and 9.

2.33 “Person” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3(a)(9) of the Exchange Act and used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) thereof, including a “group” as defined in Section 13(d) thereof.

2.34 “Plan” means this Jupiter Neurosciences, Inc. 2025 Equity Incentive Plan, as the same may be amended from time to time.

2.35 “Restricted Stock” means Shares issued to a Participant that are subject to an Award granted pursuant to Section 8 and to such restrictions on transfer, forfeiture conditions and other restrictions or limitations as may be set forth in this Plan and the applicable Award Agreement.

2.36 “Restricted Stock Unit” means the right under an Award granted pursuant to Section 9 to receive at a future time one Share, or the Fair Market Value thereof, subject to such restrictions on transfer, forfeiture conditions and other restrictions or limitations as may be set forth in this Plan and the applicable Award Agreement.

2.37 “Share” means a share of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company.

2.38 “Stock Appreciation Right” or “SAR” means the right under an Award granted pursuant to Section 7 to receive, in cash and/or Shares as determined by the Committee, an amount equal to the appreciation in value of a specified number of Shares between the Grant Date of the SAR and its exercise date.

2.39 “Subsidiary” means any corporation or other entity, whether domestic or foreign, in which the Company has or obtains, directly or indirectly, ownership of more than 50% of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock or comparable interests.

2.40 “Substitute Award” means an Award granted upon the assumption of, or in substitution or exchange for, outstanding awards granted by a company or other entity acquired by the Company or any Subsidiary or with which the Company or any Subsidiary combines.

2.41 “Termination of Service” means the following:

(a) for an Employee, the date on which the Employee is no longer an Employee;

(b) for a Nonemployee Director, the date on which the Nonemployee Director is no longer a member of the Board; and

With respect to any payment of an Award subject to Code Section 409A, a Termination of Service shall mean a “separation from service” within the meaning of Code Section 409A.

Section 3. Administration

3.1 General. The Committee shall be responsible for administering this Plan, subject to this Section 3 and the other provisions of this Plan. The Committee may employ attorneys, consultants, accountants, agents and other individuals, any of whom may be an Employee, and the Committee, the Company, and its officers and Directors shall be entitled to rely upon the advice, opinions or valuations of any such individuals. All actions taken and all interpretations and determinations made by the Committee shall be final and binding upon the Participants, the Company or Subsidiary, and all other interested parties. Any action of the Committee shall be valid and effective even if the members of the Committee at the time of such action are later determined not to have satisfied all of the criteria for membership in clauses (a) and (b) of Section 2.10.

3.2 Authority of the Committee. Subject to any express limitations set forth in this Plan, the Committee shall have full and exclusive discretionary power and authority to take such actions as it deems necessary and advisable with respect to the administration of this Plan including, but not limited to, the following:

(a) To determine from time to time which of the persons eligible under this Plan shall be granted Awards, when and how each Award shall be granted, what type or combination of types of Awards shall be granted, the provisions of each Award granted (which need not be identical), including the time or times when a person shall be permitted to receive Shares pursuant to an Award and the number of Shares subject to an Award;

(b) To construe and interpret this Plan and Awards granted under it, and to establish, amend, and revoke rules and regulations for its administration;

(c) To correct any defect, omission or inconsistency in this Plan or in an Award Agreement, in a manner and to the extent it shall deem necessary or expedient to make this Plan fully effective;

(d) To approve forms of Award Agreements for use under this Plan;

(e) To determine the Fair Market Value of a Share or whether a Change in Control shall have occurred;

(f) To amend any Award Agreement as permitted under this Plan;

(g) To adopt subplans and/or special provisions applicable to stock awards regulated by the laws of a jurisdiction other than and outside of the United States, to Cash-Based Awards, or to awards to Directors (as contemplated by Section 16). Such subplans and/or special provisions shall be subject to and consistent with the terms of this Plan, except to the extent the Committee determines that different terms and conditions are necessary or desirable to comply with the laws of a jurisdiction other than and outside of the United States;

(h) To authorize any person to execute on behalf of the Company any instrument required to effect the grant of an Award;

(i) To determine whether Awards will be settled in Shares of common stock, cash or in any combination thereof;

(j) To determine whether Awards will provide for Dividend Equivalents;

(k) To establish a program whereby Participants designated by the Committee may reduce compensation otherwise payable in cash in exchange for Awards under this Plan;

(l) To authorize a program permitting eligible Participants to surrender outstanding Awards in exchange for newly granted Awards subject to any applicable shareholder approval requirements set forth in Section 21.1 of this Plan;

(m) To impose such restrictions, conditions or limitations as it determines appropriate as to the timing and manner of any resales by a Participant or other subsequent transfers by a Participant of any Shares, including, without limitation, “blackout” periods, restrictions under an insider trading policy and restrictions as to the use of a specified brokerage firm for such resales or other transfers;

(n) To waive any restrictions, conditions or limitations imposed on an Award at the time the Award is granted or at any time thereafter including but not limited to forfeiture, vesting and treatment of Awards upon a Termination of Service;

(o) To permit Participants to elect to defer payments of Awards, provided that any such deferrals shall comply with applicable requirements of the Code, including Code Section 409A;

(p) To certify the satisfaction of, performance goals in compliance with the requirements of Section 15; and

(q) To issue rules and regulations for the administration of the Plan.

3.3 Delegation. To the extent permitted by law, the Committee may delegate to one or more of its members or to one or more officers of the Company or any Subsidiary or to one or more agents or advisors such administrative duties or powers as it may deem advisable, and the Committee or any individuals to whom it has delegated duties or powers as aforesaid may employ one or more individuals to render advice with respect to any responsibility the Committee or such individuals may have under this Plan. To the extent permitted by applicable law and the applicable rules of a stock exchange, the Committee may, by resolution, authorize one or more officers of the Company to do one or both of the following on the same basis as can the Committee: (a) designate Employees to be recipients of Awards; and (b) determine the size of any such Awards; provided, however, (i) the Committee shall not delegate such responsibilities to any such officer for Awards granted to a Nonemployee Directors or an officer (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Exchange Act); (ii) the resolution providing such authorization sets forth the total number of Awards (including Share limitations) such officer(s) may grant; and (iii) the officer(s) shall report periodically to the Committee regarding the nature and scope of the Awards granted pursuant to the authority delegated. In the event that the Committee’s authority is delegated to officers or employees in accordance with the foregoing, all provisions of the Plan relating to the Committee shall be interpreted in a manner consistent with the foregoing by treating any such reference as a reference to such officer or employee for such purpose. Any action undertaken in accordance with the Committee’s delegation of authority hereunder shall have the same force and effect as if such action was undertaken directly by the Committee and shall be deemed for all purposes of the Plan to have been taken by the Committee.

Section 4. Shares Subject to This Plan and Maximum Awards

4.1 Number of Shares Authorized and Available for Awards. Subject to adjustment as provided under Section 4.4, the maximum number of Shares reserved for issuance under this Plan is 10,500,000 Shares¹. The maximum number of these reserved Shares with respect to which Incentive Stock Options may be granted under the Plan is 10,500,000. Each Share with respect to which an Option or stock-settled SAR is granted under the Plan shall reduce the aggregate number of Shares that be delivered under the Plan by one Share and each Share with respect to which any other Award denominated in Shares granted under the Plan shall reduce the aggregate number of Shares that may be delivered under the Plan by one Share. For SARs settled in Shares, each Share with respect to which such stock-settled SAR is exercised shall be counted as one Share against the maximum aggregate number of Shares that may be delivered pursuant to Awards granted under the Plan, regardless of the number of Shares actually delivered upon settlement of such stock-settled SAR.

4.2 Share Usage. In determining the number of Shares available for grant under this Plan at any time, the following rules shall apply:

(a) If any Option, Stock Appreciation Right, Restricted Stock Unit or Other Stock-Based Award granted under the Plan expires, terminates or is canceled for any reason without having been exercised in full, the number of Shares subject to such Award that were not issued with respect to such Award shall again be available for the purpose of Awards under the Plan without reducing the number of Shares that remain available for issuance.

(b) If any shares of Restricted Stock, Performance Awards or Other Stock-Based Awards denominated in Shares awarded under the Plan to a Participant are forfeited for any reason, the number of forfeited shares of Restricted Stock, Performance Awards or Other Stock-Based Awards denominated in Shares shall again be available for purposes of Awards under the Plan.

(c) Awards that by their terms may only be settled in cash shall not be counted against the foregoing maximum share limitations.

(d) If any Award is settled in cash in lieu of Shares pursuant to an Award, such Shares shall not become available again for issuance under this Plan.

(e) Any Shares that are surrendered, withheld or tendered to the Company in payment of the exercise price of an Option or any taxes required to be withheld in respect of any Award shall not become available again to be delivered pursuant to Awards granted under the Plan, and shall be taken into account as Shares issued under this Plan.

(f) Any Shares subject to Substitute Awards shall not be counted against the share reserve specified in Section 4.1, nor shall they reduce the Shares authorized for grant to a Participant in any calendar year.

(g) Any Shares delivered pursuant to an Award may consist, in whole or in part, of authorized and unissued Shares or Shares acquired by the Company.

1 Consists of 5,250,000 Shares approved in 2025 and 5,250,000 additional Shares approved in 2026.

4.3 Shares under Prior Plans. Any Shares reserved, but not subject to an outstanding equity-based award, under any prior equity incentive plan of the Company that was terminated as of the Effective Date (each, a “Prior Plan”) shall be part of, and not in addition to, the Shares included in the Share reserve set forth in Section 4.1. In light of the adoption of this Plan, no further awards shall be made under a Prior Plan after the Effective Date.

4.4 Adjustments. All Awards shall be subject to the following provisions:

(a) In the event of any nonreciprocal transaction between the Company and its shareholders, such as a stock dividend, stock split, spin-off, rights offering, or recapitalization through a large, nonrecurring cash dividend, that affects the number or kind of Shares (or other securities of the Company) or the price of Shares (or other securities) and causes a change in the per-share value of the Shares underlying outstanding Awards (an “Equity Restructuring”), the Committee, in order to prevent dilution or enlargement of Participants’ rights under this Plan, shall substitute or adjust, as applicable, (i) the number and kind of Shares or other securities that may be issued under this Plan or under particular forms of Award Agreements, (ii) the number and kind of Shares or other securities subject to outstanding Awards, (iii) the Exercise Price or Grant Price applicable to outstanding Awards, (iv) any applicable annual Award limits established by the Committee, and (v) other value determinations applicable to outstanding Awards. In the event of any other change in corporate capitalization (including, but not limited to, a merger, consolidation, any reorganization (whether or not such reorganization comes within the definition of such term in Code Section 368), or any partial or complete liquidation of the Company to the extent such events do not constitute an Equity Restructuring, such equitable adjustments described in the foregoing sentence may be made as determined to be appropriate and equitable by the Committee to prevent dilution or enlargement of rights. The Committee, in its discretion, shall determine the methodology or manner of making such substitution or adjustment. In either case, any such adjustment shall be conclusive and binding for all purposes of this Plan. Unless otherwise determined by the Committee, the number of Shares subject to an Award shall always be a whole number.

(b) In addition to the adjustments required and permitted under paragraph (a) above, the Committee, in its sole discretion, may make such other adjustments or modifications in the terms of any Awards that it deems appropriate to reflect any of the events described in Section 4.4(a), including, but not limited to, (i) modifications of performance goals and changes in the length of Performance Periods, or (ii) the substitution of other property of equivalent value (including, without limitation, cash, other securities and securities of entities other than the Company that agree to such substitution) for the Shares available under this Plan or the Shares covered by outstanding Awards, including arranging for the assumption, or replacement with new awards, of Awards held by Participants, and (iii) in connection with any sale of a Subsidiary, arranging for the assumption, or replacement with new awards, of Awards held by Participants employed by the affected Subsidiary by the Subsidiary or an entity that controls the Subsidiary following the sale of such Subsidiary.

(c) Any actions taken under Section 4.4 shall be subject to compliance with the rules under Code Sections 409A, 422 and 424, as and where applicable. The determination of the Committee as to the foregoing adjustments set forth in this Section 4.4, if any, shall be conclusive and binding on Participants under this Plan.

4.5 Effect of Plans Operated by Acquired Companies. If a company acquired by the Company or any Subsidiary or with which the Company or any Subsidiary combines has shares available under a pre-existing plan approved by shareholders and not adopted in contemplation of such acquisition or combination, the shares available for grant pursuant to the terms of such pre-existing plan (as adjusted, to the extent appropriate, using the exchange ratio or other adjustment or valuation ratio or formula used in such acquisition or combination to determine the consideration payable to the holders of common stock of the entities party to such acquisition or combination) may be used for Awards under this Plan and shall not reduce the Shares authorized for grant under this Plan, subject to applicable legal requirements. Awards using such available shares shall not be made after the date awards or grants could have been made under the terms of the pre-existing plan, absent the acquisition or combination, and shall only be made to individuals who were not Employees, Nonemployee Directors or consultants providing services to the Company or any Subsidiary prior to such acquisition or combination.

4.6. No Limitation on Corporate Actions. The existence of the Plan and any Awards granted hereunder shall not affect in any way the right or power of the Company or any Subsidiary to make or authorize any adjustment, recapitalization, reorganization or other change in its capital structure or business structure, any merger or consolidation, any issuance of debt, preferred or prior preference stock ahead of or affecting the Shares, additional shares of capital stock or other securities or subscription rights thereto, any dissolution or liquidation, any sale or transfer of all or part of its assets or business or any other corporate act or proceeding.

Section 5. Eligibility and Participation

5.1 Eligibility to Receive Awards. The Committee may designate any of the following as a Participant from time to time:

(a) any officer or other Employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries;

(b) an individual that the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has engaged to become an officer or other employee;

(d) a consultant who provides bona fide services to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries as an independent contractor and who may be offered securities registerable pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-8 under the applicable rules of the Commission.

The Committee’s designation of a Participant in any year shall not require the Committee to designate such person to receive an Award in another year.

5.2 Participation in this Plan. Subject to the provisions of this Plan, the Committee may, from time to time, select from all individuals eligible to participate in this Plan, those individuals to whom Awards shall be granted and shall determine, in its sole discretion, the nature of any and all terms permissible by law and the amount of each Award.

5.3 Award Agreements. The Committee shall have the exclusive authority to determine the terms of an Award Agreement evidencing an Award granted under this Plan, subject to the provisions herein. The terms of an Award Agreement need not be uniform among all Participants or among similar types of Awards.

Section 6. Stock Options

6.1 Grant of Options. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Plan, Options may be granted to Participants covering such number of Shares, and upon such terms, and at any time and from time to time as shall be determined by the Committee. Each grant of an Option shall be evidenced by an Award Agreement, which shall specify whether the Option is in the form of a Nonqualified Stock Option or an Incentive Stock Option.

6.2 Exercise Price. The Exercise Price for each Option shall be determined by the Committee and shall be specified in the Award Agreement evidencing such Option; provided, however, the Exercise Price must be at least equal to 100% of the Fair Market Value of a Share as of the Option’s Grant Date, except in the case of Substitute Awards (to the extent consistent with Code Section 409A and, in the case of Incentive Stock Options, Code Section 424), and subject to adjustment as provided for under Section 4.4.

6.3 Term of Option. The term of an Option granted to a Participant shall be determined by the Committee; provided, however, no Option shall be exercisable later than the tenth anniversary of its Grant Date.

6.4 Exercise of Option. An Option shall be exercisable, in whole or in part, at such times and be subject to such restrictions and vesting conditions as the Committee shall in each instance approve, which terms and restrictions need not be the same for each grant or for each Participant.

6.5 Payment of Exercise Price. An Option shall be exercised by the delivery of a notice of exercise to the Company or an agent designated by the Company in a form specified or accepted by the Committee, or by complying with any alternative procedures that may be authorized by the Committee, setting forth the number of Shares with respect to which the Option is to be exercised, accompanied by full payment for the Shares. Any Shares issued upon exercise of an Option are subject to the transfer restrictions set forth in Section 14.3. A condition of the issuance of the Shares as to which an Option shall be exercised shall be the payment of the Exercise Price and the payment of applicable withholding taxes. The Exercise Price of any exercised Option shall be payable to the Company in accordance with one of the following methods:

(a) In cash or its equivalent;

(b) By tendering (either by actual delivery or by attestation) previously acquired Shares having an aggregate Fair Market Value at the time of exercise equal to the Exercise Price (subject to such procedures and conditions as the Committee may establish);

(d) By authorizing the Company to withhold Shares otherwise issuable upon the exercise of the Option having an aggregate Fair Market Value at the time of exercise equal to the Exercise Price to the extent approved by the Committee;

(e) By any combination of (a), (b), (c) or (d); or

(f) By any other method approved or accepted by the Committee.

Unless otherwise determined by the Committee, all payments under all of the methods indicated above shall be paid in United States dollars or Shares, as applicable.

6.6 Special Rules Regarding ISOs. Notwithstanding any provision of this Plan to the contrary, an Option granted in the form of an ISO to a Participant shall be subject to the following rules:

(a) An Incentive Stock Option may be granted only to an Employee of the Company or of any parent or subsidiary corporation (within the meaning of Code Section 424).

(b) An Option will constitute an Incentive Stock Option only to the extent that (i) it is so designated in the applicable Award Agreement and (ii) the aggregate Fair Market Value (determined as of the Option’s Grant Date) of the Shares with respect to which Incentive Stock Options held by the Participant first become exercisable in any calendar year (under this Plan and all other plans of the Company and its Subsidiaries) does not exceed $100,000.

(c) No Participant may receive an Incentive Stock Option under this Plan if, immediately after the grant of such Award, the Participant would own Shares possessing more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Company or an affiliate (determined in accordance with Code Section 422), unless (i) the exercise price for that Incentive Stock Option is at least 110% of the Fair Market Value of the Shares subject to that Incentive Stock Option on the Grant Date and (ii) that Option will expire no later than five years after its Grant Date.

(d) Any Incentive Stock Option granted under the Plan shall contain such terms and conditions, consistent with the Plan, as the Committee may determine to be necessary to qualify such Option as an “incentive stock option” under Code Section 422.

Section 7. Stock Appreciation Rights

7.1 Grant of SARs. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Plan, SARs may be granted to Participants in such number, and upon such terms, and at any time and from time to time as shall be determined by the Committee. Each grant of SARs shall be evidenced by an Award Agreement.

7.2 Grant Price. The Grant Price for each grant of a SAR shall be determined by the Committee and shall be specified in the Award Agreement evidencing the SAR; provided, however, the Grant Price must be at least equal to 100% of the Fair Market Value of a Share as of the Grant Date, except in the case of Substitute Awards (to the extent consistent with Code Section 409A), and subject to adjustment as provided for under Section 4.4.

7.3 Term of SAR. The term of a SAR granted to a Participant shall be determined by the Committee; provided, however, no SAR shall be exercisable later than the tenth anniversary of its Grant Date.

7.4 Exercise of SAR. A SAR shall be exercisable at such times and be subject to such restrictions and vesting conditions as the Committee shall in each instance approve, which terms and restrictions need not be the same for each grant or for each Participant.

7.5 Notice of Exercise. A SAR shall be exercised by the delivery of a notice of exercise to the Company or an agent designated by the Company in a form specified or accepted by the Committee, or by complying with any alternative procedures that may be authorized by the Committee, setting forth the number of Shares with respect to which the SAR is to be exercised.

7.6 Settlement of SARs. Upon the exercise of a SAR, pursuant to a notice of exercise properly completed and submitted to the Company in accordance with Section 7.5, a Participant shall be entitled to receive payment from the Company in an amount equal to the product of (a) and (b) below:

(a) The excess of the Fair Market Value of a Share on the date of exercise over the Grant Price.

(b) The number of Shares with respect to which the SAR is exercised.

Payment shall be made in cash, Shares or a combination thereof as provided for under the applicable Award Agreement. Any Shares issued in payment of a SAR are subject to the transfer restrictions set forth in Section 14.3.

Section 8. Restricted Stock

8.1 Grant of Restricted Stock. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Plan, Restricted Stock Awards may be granted to Participants in such number of Shares, and upon such terms, and at any time and from time to time as shall be determined by the Committee. Each grant of Restricted Stock shall be evidenced by an Award Agreement.

8.2 Nature of Restrictions. Each grant of Restricted Stock may be subject to a requirement that a Participant pay a stipulated purchase price for each Share of Restricted Stock, and shall be subject to a Period of Restriction that shall lapse upon the satisfaction of such vesting conditions as are determined by the Committee and set forth in an applicable Award Agreement. Such conditions or restrictions may include, without limitation, one or more of the following:

(a) That the Shares of Restricted Stock may not be transferred in any fashion prior to their applicable vesting date,

(b) That the Shares of Restricted Stock may vest only to the degree that specific performance goals are achieved,

(c) That the Shares of Restricted Stock may vest only upon completion of a specified period of continuous employment or other service and to the degree that specific performance goals have been achieved, or

(d) That the Shares of Restricted Stock may vest only upon completion of a specified period of continuous employment or other service.

8.3 Delivery of Shares. Unvested Shares subject to a Restricted Stock Award shall be evidenced by a book-entry in the name of the Participant with the Company’s transfer agent or Plan agent or by one or more stock certificates issued in the name of the Participant. Any such stock certificate shall be deposited with the Company or its designee, together with an assignment separate from the certificate, in blank, signed by the Participant, and bear an appropriate legend referring to the restricted nature of the Restricted Stock evidenced thereby. Any book-entry Shares shall be subject to comparable restrictions and corresponding stop transfer instructions. Upon the vesting of Shares of Restricted Stock, and the Company’s determination that any necessary conditions precedent to the release of vested Shares (such as satisfaction of tax withholding obligations and compliance with applicable legal requirements) have been satisfied, such vested Shares shall be made available to the Participant in such manner as may be prescribed or permitted by the Committee. Such vested Shares are subject to the transfer restrictions set forth in Section 14.3.

8.4 Voting Rights. As set forth in a Participant’s applicable Award Agreement, the Committee shall determine the extent to which a Participant holding Shares of Restricted Stock shall be granted the right to exercise full voting rights with respect to those Shares.

8.5 Section 83(b) Election. The Committee may provide in an Award Agreement that the Award of Restricted Stock is conditioned upon the Participant making or refraining from making an election with respect to the Award under Code Section 83(b). If permitted by the Award Agreement and a Participant makes an election pursuant to Code Section 83(b) concerning a Restricted Stock Award, the Participant shall be required to file promptly a copy of such election with the Company.

8.6 Certificate Legend. In addition to any legends placed on certificates pursuant to Section 8.3, each certificate representing Shares of Restricted Stock granted pursuant to this Plan may bear a legend such as the following or as otherwise determined by the Committee in its sole discretion:

“The transferability of this certificate and the shares of stock represented hereby are subject to the terms and conditions (including forfeiture) of the Jupiter Neurosciences, Inc. 2025 Equity Incentive Plan and a Restricted Stock Award Agreement entered into between the registered owner and Jupiter Neurosciences, Inc. Copies of such Plan and Agreement are on file in the offices of Jupiter Neurosciences, Inc., 1001 N. U.S. Highway 1, Suite 504, Jupiter, Florida 33477.”

Section 9. Restricted Stock Units

9.1 Grant of Restricted Stock Units. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Plan, Restricted Stock Units may be granted to Participants in such number, and upon such terms, and at any time and from time to time as shall be determined by the Committee. A grant of Restricted Stock Units shall not represent the grant of Shares but shall represent a promise to deliver a corresponding number of Shares or the value of such number of Shares based upon the completion of service, performance conditions, or such other terms and conditions as specified in the applicable Award Agreement over the Period of Restriction. Each grant of Restricted Stock Units shall be evidenced by an Award Agreement.

9.2 Nature of Restrictions. Each grant of Restricted Stock Units shall be subject to a Period of Restriction that shall lapse upon the satisfaction of such vesting conditions as are determined by the Committee and set forth in an applicable Award Agreement. Such conditions or restrictions may include, without limitation, one or more of the following:

(a) That the Restricted Stock Units may not be transferred in any fashion, subject to Section 14.1;

(b) That the Restricted Stock Units may vest only to the degree that specific performance goals are achieved;

(c) That the Restricted Stock Units may vest only upon completion of a specified period of continuous employment or other service and to the degree that specific performance goals have been achieved; or

(d) That the Restricted Stock Units may vest only upon completion of a specified period of continuous employment or other service.

9.3 Voting Rights. A Participant shall have no voting rights with respect to any Restricted Stock Units granted hereunder.

9.4 Settlement and Payment of Restricted Stock Units. Unless otherwise elected by the Participant as permitted under the Award Agreement, or otherwise provided for in the Award Agreement, Restricted Stock Units shall be settled upon the date such Restricted Stock Units vest (or as soon as administratively practicable thereafter). Such settlement shall be made in Shares unless otherwise specified in the Award Agreement. Any Shares issued in settlement of Restricted Stock Units are subject to the transfer restrictions set forth in Section 14.3.

Section 10. Performance Shares

10.1 Grant of Performance Shares. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Plan, Performance Shares may be granted to Participants in such number, and upon such terms and at any time and from time to time as shall be determined by the Committee. Each grant of Performance Shares shall be evidenced by an Award Agreement.

10.2 Value of Performance Shares. Each Performance Share shall have a value equal to the Fair Market Value of a Share on the Grant Date. The Committee shall set performance goals that, depending on the extent to which they are met over the specified Performance Period and the satisfaction of applicable service-based vesting conditions, shall determine the number of Performance Shares that shall vest, which may be greater than the target number of Performance Shares granted, and be paid to a Participant.

10.3 Earning of Performance Shares. After the applicable Performance Period has ended, the number of Performance Shares earned by the Participant for the Performance Period shall be determined as a function of the extent to which the applicable corresponding performance goals have been achieved. This determination shall be made by the Committee.

10.4 Form and Timing of Payment of Performance Shares. The Company shall pay at the close of the applicable Performance Period, or as soon as practicable thereafter, any earned Performance Shares in the form of Shares unless otherwise specified in the Award Agreement. Any Shares issued in settlement of Performance Shares are subject to the transfer restrictions set forth in Section 14.3.

Section 11. Performance Units

11.1 Grant of Performance Units. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Plan, Performance Units may be granted to a Participant in such number, and upon such terms and at any time and from time to time as shall be determined by the Committee. Each grant of Performance Units shall be evidenced by an Award Agreement.

11.2 Value of Performance Units. Each Performance Unit shall have an initial notional value equal to a dollar amount determined by the Committee. The Committee shall set performance goals in its discretion that, depending on the extent to which they are met over the specified Performance Period and the satisfaction of applicable service-based vesting conditions, will determine the number of Performance Units that shall vest (which may be greater than the target number of Performance Units granted), the settlement value of each Performance Unit (if variable), and the settlement amount to be paid to the Participant.

11.3 Earning of Performance Units. After the applicable Performance Period has ended, the number of Performance Units earned by the Par

SEC Form DEF 14A filed by Jupiter Neurosciences Inc.