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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

SCHEDULE 14A

Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Amendment No. )

Filed by the Registrant ☒

Filed by a Party other than the Registrant ☐

Check the appropriate box:

☐

Preliminary Proxy Statement

☐

Confidential, for Use of the Commission Only (as permitted by Rule 14a-6(e)(2))

☒

Definitive Proxy Statement

☐

Definitive Additional Materials

☐

Soliciting Material under §240.14a-12

AXCELLA HEALTH INC.

(Name of Registrant as Specified In Its Charter)

(Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement, if other than the Registrant)

Payment of Filing Fee (Check all boxes that apply):

☒

No fee required.

☐

Fee paid previously with preliminary materials;

☐

Fee computed on table in exhibit required by Item 25(b) per Exchange Act Rules 14a-6(i)(1) and 0-11

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AXCELLA HEALTH INC. D/B/A AXCELLA THERAPEUTICS

840 Memorial Drive
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139

NOTICE OF 2022 ANNUAL MEETING OF
STOCKHOLDERS
To be held on May 19, 2022

Notice is hereby given that the 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, or Annual Meeting, of Axcella Health Inc. (d/b/a Axcella Therapeutics) (the “Company” or “Axcella”), which will be a virtual-only meeting to be held on May 19, 2022, at 10:00 A.M. Eastern Time. The purpose of the virtual Annual Meeting is the following:

To elect three Class III directors to our board of directors, to serve until the 2025 annual meeting of stockholders and until his or her successor has been duly elected and qualified, or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal;

To ratify the appointment of Deloitte & Touche LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2022; and

To transact any other business properly brought before the Annual Meeting or any adjournment or postponement of the Annual Meeting.

The proposal for the election of the directors relates solely to the election of the Class III directors nominated by the board of directors.

Only Axcella stockholders of record at the close of business on March 30, 2022, will be entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting and any adjournment or postponement thereof.

We are pleased to take advantage of Securities and Exchange Commission rules that allow companies to furnish their proxy materials over the Internet. We are mailing to our stockholders a Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials, or Notice, instead of a paper copy of our proxy materials and our 2021 Annual Report to Stockholders, or 2021 Annual Report. The Notice contains instructions on how to access those documents and to cast your vote via the Internet. The Notice also contains instructions on how to request a paper copy of our proxy materials and our 2021 Annual Report. This process allows us to provide our stockholders with the information they need on a more timely basis while reducing the environmental impact and lowering the costs of printing and distributing our proxy materials.

Your vote is important. Whether or not you are able to attend the meeting, it is important that your shares be represented. To ensure that your vote is recorded, please vote as soon as possible, even if you plan to attend the meeting, by submitting your proxy via the Internet at the address listed on the proxy card or by signing, dating and returning the proxy card.

Our Annual Meeting will be held in a virtual-only format. The virtual Annual Meeting can be accessed at the following link: www.meetnow.global/M9P9KUV. The password for the meeting is AXLA2022. To log in to the virtual Annual Meeting, you have two options: join as a “Guest” or join as a “Stockholder.” If you were a stockholder as of the close of business on March 30, 2022, you are eligible to join the virtual Annual Meeting as a “Stockholder” and have the option to vote your shares or ask questions at the meeting.

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To join the virtual Annual Meeting as a “Stockholder,” you will be required to enter your control number. If you are a registered stockholder, the control number can be found on your proxy card or notice, or in the email you previously received. If you hold your shares through an intermediary, such as a bank or broker, you must register in advance to obtain a control number. To register, you must submit proof of your proxy power (legal proxy) reflecting your Axcella holdings along with your name and email address to Computershare. Requests for registration should be labeled as “Legal Proxy” and directed to Computershare by forwarding the email from your bank or broker with the legal proxy, or by sending an image of your legal proxy to legalproxy@computershare.com. Requests for registration must be received no later than 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on Friday, May 13, 2022. If you do not have your control number, you may attend as a “Guest” but will not have the option to vote your shares or ask questions at the virtual Annual Meeting.

				By order of the board of directors,
				/s/ WILLIAM R. HINSHAW, JR. William R. Hinshaw, Jr.
				President and Chief Executive Officer

Cambridge, Massachusetts
April 7, 2022

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Table of Contents

	Page
General Information		2
Overview of Proposals		7
Proposal No. 1 – Election of Class III Directors		8
Proposal No. 2 – Ratification of the Appointment of Deloitte & Touche LLP as Axcella’s Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for the Fiscal Year Ending December 31, 2022		13
Corporate Governance		15
Director Compensation		24
Executive Compensation		27
Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions		33
Principal Stockholders		35
Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports		38
Report of the Audit Committee		39
General Matters		40

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AXCELLA HEALTH INC. D/B/A AXCELLA
THERAPEUTICS

840 Memorial Drive
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139

PROXY STATEMENT
FOR THE 2022 ANNUAL MEETING OF
STOCKHOLDERS TO BE HELD MAY 19, 2022

This proxy statement contains information about the 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, or the Annual Meeting, of Axcella Health Inc. (d/b/a Axcella Therapeutics), which will be a virtual-only meeting held on May 19, 2022, at 10:00 A.M. Eastern Time. The board of directors of Axcella is using this proxy statement to solicit proxies for use at the virtual Annual Meeting. In this proxy statement, the terms “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Axcella. The mailing address of our principal executive offices is 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139.

All properly submitted proxies will be voted in accordance with the instructions contained in those proxies. If no instructions are specified, the proxies will be voted in accordance with the recommendation of our board of directors with respect to each of the matters set forth in the accompanying Notice (as defined below). You may revoke your proxy at any time before it is exercised at the meeting by giving our Corporate Secretary written notice to that effect.

We are mailing to our stockholders a Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials, or Notice, on or about April 7, 2022.

We are an “emerging growth company” under applicable federal securities laws and therefore permitted to conform with certain reduced public company reporting requirements. As an emerging growth company, we provide in this proxy statement the scaled disclosure permitted under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the JOBS Act). In addition, as an emerging growth company, we are not required to conduct votes seeking approval, on an advisory basis, of the compensation of our named executive officers or the frequency with which such votes must be conducted. We will remain an “emerging growth company” until the earliest of (i) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of our initial public offering in May 2019; (ii) the last day of the fiscal year in which our total annual gross revenue is equal to or more than $1.07 billion; (iii) the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion in nonconvertible debt during the previous three years; or (iv) the date on which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer under the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for
the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be Held on May 19, 2022:

This proxy statement and our 2021 Annual Report to Stockholders, or 2021 Annual Report, are
available for viewing, printing and downloading at http://www.edocumentview.com/AXLA.

A copy of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on March 30, 2022, except for exhibits, will be furnished without charge to any stockholder upon written request to Axcella Therapeutics, 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, Attention: Corporate Secretary. This proxy statement and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, are also available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

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AXCELLA

PROXY STATEMENT
FOR THE 2022 ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS

GENERAL INFORMATION

When are this proxy statement and the accompanying materials scheduled to be sent to stockholders?

We have elected to provide access to our proxy materials to our stockholders via the Internet. Accordingly, on or about April 7, 2022, we will begin mailing a Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials, or Notice. Our proxy materials, including the Notice of 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, this proxy statement and the accompanying proxy card or, for shares held in street name (i.e., held for your account by a broker or other nominee), a voting instruction form, and the 2021 Annual Report to Stockholders, or 2021 Annual Report, will be made available to stockholders on the Internet on or about the same date.

Why did I receive a Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials instead of a full set of proxy materials?

Pursuant to rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, for most stockholders, we are providing access to our proxy materials over the Internet rather than printing and mailing our proxy materials. We believe following this process will expedite the receipt of such materials and will help lower our costs and reduce the environmental impact of our annual meeting materials. Therefore, the Notice was mailed to holders of record and beneficial owners of our common stock, $0.001 par value per share, as of the record date starting on or about April 7, 2022. The Notice provides instructions as to how stockholders may access and review our proxy materials, including the Notice of 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, this proxy statement, the proxy card and our 2021 Annual Report, on the website referred to in the Notice or, alternatively, how to request that a copy of the proxy materials, including a proxy card, be sent to them by mail. The Notice also provides voting instructions. In addition, stockholders of record may request to receive the proxy materials in printed form by mail or electronically by e-mail on an ongoing basis for future stockholder meetings. Please note that, while our proxy materials are available at the website referenced in the Notice, and our Notice of 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, this proxy statement and our 2021 Annual Report are available on our website, no other information contained on either website is incorporated by reference in or considered to be a part of this proxy statement.

Who is soliciting my vote?

Our board of directors is soliciting your vote for the Annual Meeting.

When is the record date for the Annual Meeting?

The record date for determination of stockholders entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting is the close of business on March 30, 2022.

How many votes can be cast by all stockholders?

There were 52,575,840 shares of our common stock, par value $0.001 per share, outstanding as of the close of business on March 30, 2022, all of which are entitled to vote with respect to all matters to be acted upon at the virtual Annual Meeting. Each stockholder of record is entitled to one vote for each share of our common stock held by such stockholder. None of our shares of undesignated preferred stock were outstanding as of March 30, 2022.

How do I vote?

If you are a stockholder of record, you can vote in one of the following ways:

•

Via the virtual Annual Meeting website. You may vote during the virtual Annual Meeting by visiting www.meetnow.global/M9P9KUV. The password for the meeting is AXLA2022. Please have your 15-digit control number to join the virtual Annual Meeting.

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•

By Internet. You can vote by proxy over the Internet by following the instructions provided in the Notice. In order to be counted, proxies submitted by Internet must be received by the cutoff time of 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on Wednesday, May 18, 2022.

•

By Mail. If you requested printed copies of the proxy materials by mail, you can vote by mailing your proxy as described in the proxy materials. Proxies submitted by mail must be received before the start of the virtual Annual Meeting.

•

By Telephone. You may vote using a touch-tone telephone by calling 1-800-652-VOTE (8683). You will need the 15-digit control number included on your Notice. Votes submitted by telephone must be received by 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on Wednesday, May 18, 2022.

If you complete and submit your proxy before the virtual Annual Meeting, the persons named as proxies will vote the shares represented by your proxy in accordance with your instructions. If you submit a proxy without giving voting instructions, your shares will be voted in the manner recommended by the board of directors on all matters presented in this proxy statement, and as the persons named as proxies may determine in their discretion with respect to any other matters properly presented at the virtual Annual Meeting. You may also authorize another person or persons to act for you as proxy in a writing, signed by you or your authorized representative, specifying the details of those proxies’ authority. The original writing must be given to each of the named proxies, although it may be sent to them by electronic transmission if, from that transmission, it can be determined that the transmission was authorized by you.

If any other matters are properly presented for consideration at the virtual Annual Meeting, including, among other things, consideration of a motion to adjourn the virtual Annual Meeting to another time or place (including, without limitation, for the purpose of soliciting additional proxies), the persons named in your proxy and acting thereunder will have discretion to vote on those matters in accordance with their best judgment. We do not currently anticipate that any other matters will be raised at the virtual Annual Meeting.

How do I revoke my proxy?

You may revoke your proxy by (1) following the instructions on the Notice and entering a new vote by mail that we receive before the start of the virtual Annual Meeting or over the Internet by the cutoff time of 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on Wednesday, May 18, 2022, (2) attending and voting at the virtual Annual Meeting (although attendance at the virtual Annual Meeting will not in and of itself revoke a proxy), or (3) by filing an instrument in writing revoking the proxy or another duly executed proxy bearing a later date with our Corporate Secretary. Any written notice of revocation or subsequent proxy card must be received by our Corporate Secretary prior to the taking of the vote at the virtual Annual Meeting. Such written notice of revocation or subsequent proxy card should be hand delivered to our Corporate Secretary or sent to our principal executive offices at Axcella Therapeutics, 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, Attention: Corporate Secretary.

If a broker, bank, or other nominee holds your shares, you must contact such broker, bank, or nominee in order to find out how to change your vote.

How is a quorum reached?

Our Amended and Restated Bylaws, or bylaws, provide that a majority of the shares entitled to vote, present in person or represented by proxy, will constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at the Annual Meeting.

Under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, shares that are voted “abstain” or “withheld” and broker “non-votes” are counted as present for purposes of determining whether a quorum is present at the Annual Meeting. If a quorum is not present, the meeting may be adjourned until a quorum is obtained.

How is the vote counted?

Under our bylaws, any proposal other than an election of directors is decided by a majority of the votes properly cast for and against such proposal, except where a larger vote is required by law or by our

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Restated Certificate of Incorporation, or certificate of incorporation, or bylaws. Abstentions and broker “non-votes” are not included in the tabulation of the voting results on any such proposal and, therefore, do not have an impact on such proposals. A broker “non-vote” occurs when a nominee holding shares for a beneficial owner does not vote on a particular proposal because the nominee does not have discretionary voting power with respect to that item and has not received instructions from the beneficial owner.

If your shares are held in “street name” by a brokerage firm, your brokerage firm is required to vote your shares according to your instructions. If you do not give instructions to your brokerage firm, the brokerage firm will still be able to vote your shares with respect to certain “discretionary” items but will not be allowed to vote your shares with respect to “non-discretionary” items. Proposal No. 1 is a “non-discretionary” item. If you do not instruct your broker how to vote with respect to this proposal, your broker may not vote for this proposal, and those votes will be counted as broker “non-votes.” Proposal No. 2 is considered to be a “discretionary” item, and your brokerage firm will be able to vote on this proposal even if it does not receive instructions from you.

To be elected, the directors nominated via Proposal No. 1 must receive a plurality of the votes cast and entitled to vote on the proposal, meaning that the director nominees receiving the most votes will be elected. Shares voting “withheld” have no effect on the election of directors.

Who pays the cost for soliciting proxies?

We are making this solicitation and will pay the entire cost of preparing and distributing the Notice and our proxy materials and soliciting votes. If you choose to access the proxy materials or vote over the Internet, you are responsible for any Internet access charges that you may incur. Our officers and employees may, without compensation other than their regular compensation, solicit proxies through further mailings, personal conversations, facsimile transmissions, e-mails, or otherwise. We have hired Computershare Inc. to assist us in the distribution of proxy materials. Proxy solicitation expenses that we will pay include those for preparation, mailing, returning, and tabulating the proxies.

How may stockholders submit matters for consideration at an annual meeting?

In addition, any stockholder proposal intended to be included in the proxy statement for the next annual meeting of our stockholders in 2023 must also satisfy the requirements of SEC Rule 14a-8 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, and be received no later than January 19, 2023. If the date of the annual meeting is moved by more than 30 days from the date contemplated at the time of the previous year’s proxy statement, then notice must be received within a reasonable time before we begin to print and send proxy materials. If that happens, we will publicly announce the deadline for submitting a proposal in a press release or in a document filed with the SEC.

How can I know the voting results?

We plan to announce preliminary voting results at the virtual Annual Meeting and will publish final results in a Current Report on Form 8-K to be filed with the SEC within four business days following the virtual Annual Meeting.

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COMPANY HIGHLIGHTS

Business Advancements

In 2021, we cleared two investigational new drug (IND) filings and one clinical trial authorization (CTA), and we initiated three Phase 2 clinical trials:

•

Our IND application was cleared by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for AXA1125. The EMMPACT Phase 2b clinical trial of AXA1125 in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was initiated in the second quarter of 2021.

•

Our IND application was cleared by the FDA for AXA1665. The EMMPOWER Phase 2 clinical trial of AXA1665 in overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) was initiated in the second quarter of 2021.

•

Our CTA application was cleared by the United Kingdom’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) for AXA1125. A Phase 2a clinical trial of AXA1125 in Long COVID, also known as Post COVID-19 Condition and post-acute sequelae of SARS-COV-2 infection (PASC), was initiated in December 2021.

Ongoing Response to COVID-19

Research into Treatment of Long COVID

Long COVID, also known as Post COVID-19 Condition and Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19, or PASC, has generally been defined as a condition experienced by patients at least 12 weeks after COVID-19 infection, in which they experience a range of symptoms that cannot be explained by an alternative diagnosis. Emerging research indicates that Long COVID can be experienced by anyone who has contracted COVID-19, regardless of the variant with which they were infected, whether their illness was mild or severe, or whether the individual was vaccinated or unvaccinated.

It is generally estimated that between 20-40% of all people who are infected by COVID-19 will experience Long COVID. While this condition encompasses dozens of symptoms, fatigue is the most predominant of them, impacting a majority of Long COVID patients.

We are developing AXA1125 as a product candidate for the treatment of Long COVID. In October 2021, we announced that our CTA for this candidate was cleared by the MHRA in the United Kingdom, enabling us to proceed directly into a Phase 2a Clinical Trial, which was initiated in the fourth quarter of 2021. Based on AXA1125’s differentiated, multi-targeted design and data from our preclinical and Clinical Studies, we believe this candidate holds the potential to serve as a first-line Long COVID therapy for patients.

Protecting and Enabling Our Employees

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic and as part of our commitment to ensure the safety and well-being of our employees, we activated our applicable business continuity plans, including creating an employee committee under our human resources function to recommend and implement policies consistent with U.S. Government, Massachusetts, City of Cambridge, and industry standard regulations and guidance. In addition, our management, human resource, and legal professionals participated in function networks around the COVID-19 response.

From mid-March 2020 until early 2022, the vast majority of our employees were working exclusively from home. We recently reopened our office in a hybrid working environment in which employees are able to work in the office and from home. We have put appropriate safety measures in place, including implementing occupancy limits, restricting business travel, providing and requiring the use of personal protective equipment, daily health screening, cleaning and visitor protocols, and easy access to COVID-19 testing. Our measures have been effective to date, and we have had no known infections from exposure at our workplace.

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Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG)

Advancing Inclusion and Diversity

We are committed to developing policies that promote awareness and behaviors to ensure fair treatment and equality of opportunity, building a culture of diversity and inclusion, and proactively addressing inequality. In line with our core value of collaboration, we strive to foster an inclusive culture and actively seek diverse perspectives as we believe diverse experiences and expertise enriches our way of thinking and is essential to achieving our goals. This includes policies and practices that uphold these principles throughout the sourcing, hiring, compensation and assessment of candidates and the retention of our employees. As an example of this commitment, we have joined the MassBio Open Letter 2.0 CEO Pledge for a More Equitable and Inclusive Life Sciences Industry.

Addressing pay equity is important to us. In making compensation decisions, our policy is to not consider race; color; creed; religion; national origin; age; ancestry; nationality; marital, domestic partnership or civil union status; sex, gender, gender identity or expression; affectional or sexual orientation; disability; veteran or military status or liability for military status. We include pay equity as a component during our bi-annual review of all employee compensation plans.

On December 31, 2021:

•

49% of our workforce was female.

•

38% of our workforce was ethnically or racially diverse.

•

60% of our Executive Committee members were female.

ESG Oversight

As further described below, each of our board of directors’ committees has assumed responsibility for the oversight of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) matters within their purview, as reflected by amendments to their charters. The nominating and corporate governance committee has primary responsibility for oversight of ESG matters. The audit committee has oversight related to ESG risk assessment and management policies and activities. The compensation committee has oversight of human capital and social responsibility matters, including diversity, equality and inclusion (DEI) policies.

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OVERVIEW OF PROPOSALS

This proxy statement contains two proposals requiring stockholder action. Proposal 1 requests the election of three Class III Directors to the board of directors. Proposal 2 requests the ratification of the appointment of Deloitte & Touche LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2022. Each of the proposals is discussed in more detail in the pages that follow.

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PROPOSAL NO. 1 — ELECTION OF CLASS III DIRECTORS

Our board of directors currently consists of nine members. In accordance with the terms of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, our board of directors is divided into three classes, Class I, Class II and Class III, with members of each class serving staggered three-year terms. The members of the classes are divided as follows:

•

The Class I directors are David R. Epstein and William D. “Chip” Baird, and their terms will expire at the annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2023.

•

The Class II directors are Gary P. Pisano, Ph.D., Grégory Behar, Cristina M. Rondinone, Ph.D. and Shreeram Aradhye, M.D., and their terms will expire at the annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2024. On March 17, 2022, Grégory Behar notified the Company of his resignation from the Board, effective as of the date of the 2022 Annual Meeting. Mr. Behar’s decision to resign was not the result of a disagreement with the Company on any matter relating to the Company’s operations, policies or practices. The board gratefully acknowledges Mr. Behar’s six years of service on the board.

•

The Class III directors are William R. Hinshaw, Jr., Stephen Hoge, M.D., and Catherine Angell Sohn, Pharm.D., and their terms will expire at the 2022 Annual Meeting. On March 16, 2022, Stephen Hoge, M.D., notified the Company that he will not stand for reelection as a director upon expiration of his current term. Dr. Hoge’s decision to let his term expire and not to stand for reelection at the 2022 Annual Meeting was not the result of a disagreement with the Company on any matter relating to the Company’s operations, policies or practices. The board gratefully acknowledges Dr. Hoge’s eight years of service on the board.

Upon the expiration of the term of a class of directors, directors in that class will be eligible to be elected for a new three-year term at the annual meeting of stockholders in the year in which their term expires.

Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws provide that the authorized number of directors may be changed only by resolution of our board of directors. Our certificate of incorporation also provides that our directors may be removed only for cause by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds (2/3) of the outstanding shares then entitled to vote in an annual election of directors, and that any vacancy on our board of directors, including a vacancy resulting from an enlargement of our board of directors, may be filled only by vote of a majority of our directors then in office.

Our board of directors has nominated William R. Hinshaw, Jr., Martin Hendrix, Ph.D. and Catherine Angell Sohn, Pharm.D., for election as the Class III directors at the virtual 2022 Annual Meeting. Mr. Hinshaw and Dr. Sohn are presently directors and have indicated a willingness to continue to serve as directors, if elected. Dr. Hendrix is newly nominated as a director and has indicated a willingness to serve as such if elected. If the nominees become unable or unwilling to serve, however, the proxies may be voted for a substitute nominee selected by our board of directors.

Nominees for Election as Class III Director

The following table identifies our director nominees and sets forth their principal occupation and business experience during the last five years and their age as of April 7, 2022.

Name	Positions and Offices Held with Axcella	Director Since	Age
William R. Hinshaw, Jr.	Director, Chief Executive Officer	2018	53
Martin Hendrix, Ph.D.	Director	—	54
Catherine Angell Sohn, Pharm.D.	Director	2019	69

William R. Hinshaw, Jr. has served as our President and Chief Executive Officer and as a member of our board of directors since June 2018. Prior to joining us, Mr. Hinshaw served in increasing roles of responsibility at Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, a pharmaceutical company, from December 2003 until November 2017, most recently as the Executive Vice President and Head of U.S. Oncology. Mr. Hinshaw holds a B.S. in molecular biology from the University of Wisconsin. We believe that Mr. Hinshaw’s

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qualifications, attributes and skills, including his experience in operations management and executive leadership, qualify him to serve on our board of directors.

Martin Hendrix, Ph.D., is newly nominated to serve as a member of our board of directors. He joined Nestlé Health Science US in April 2012, and currently serves as its Head of Global Business Development and M&A. In this position, Dr. Hendrix oversees all deal flow of Nestlé Health Science and is also responsible for its venture capital partnerships and direct equity investments. Dr. Hendrix has represented Nestlé on the boards of Enterome, Microbiome Diagnostic Partners, Procise Dx, Bodymed AG, as well as board observer roles for Evelo, Kaleido and Senda. Prior to joining Nestlé, from January 1998 to March 2012, Dr. Hendrix was a research chemist and subsequently a member of the Strategic Planning Group, as well as a Senior Director of Business Strategy at Bayer AG. Dr. Hendrix currently serves on the board of directors of Procise Dx, Bodymed AG, Prometheus Biosciences Inc., and Senda (observer). Dr. Hendrix holds a Ph.D. in Chemistry from The Scripps Research Institute, an M.S. in Chemistry from the Georgia Institute of Technology. We believe that Dr. Hendrix’s business and scientific knowledge and extensive experiences in the health industry as a researcher, strategy associate, and executive qualify him to serve on our board of directors.

Catherine Angell Sohn, Pharm.D., has served as a member of our board of directors since August 2019. Dr. Sohn has over 25 years of biopharmaceutical leadership and operational experience at GlaxoSmithKline and currently serves on the boards of directors of Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc (Nasdaq: JAZZ), Landec Corporation (Nasdaq: LNDC), Rubius Therapeutics (Nasdaq: RUBY), Maze Therapeutics (private) and BioEclipse Therapeutics (private), where she serves as non-executive chairperson. Dr. Sohn is also Adjunct Professor at UCSF, her alma mater. Since January 2011, as President of Sohn Health Strategies, Dr. Sohn has advised CEOs and boards of life science companies on strategy, strategic product development, partnering/M&A, commercialization of new medicines and vaccines. From 2003 to 2010, Dr. Sohn was Senior Vice President, Worldwide Business Development and a member of the global executive committee at GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare where she led U.S. and global transactions. Before that, she was Vice President Worldwide Strategic Product Development for the cardiovascular, pulmonary and metabolic therapeutic areas at SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals. Previously, she led the commercialization of the company’s US Vaccine Business. Dr. Sohn received a Pharm.D. from the University of California, San Francisco, and a Certificate of Professional Development from the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania. She also is a Certified Licensing Professional Emeritus and has completed Executive Education on Corporate Governance, Audit and ESG at Harvard Business School and Berkeley Law. We believe that Dr. Sohn is qualified to serve on our board of directors because of her experience with product development, strategic marketing and business development transactions in the pharmaceutical industry.

Vote Required and Board of Directors’ Recommendation

The proxies will be voted in favor of the above nominee unless a contrary specification is made in the proxy. The nominees have consented to serve as our directors if elected. However, if the nominees are unable to serve or for good cause will not serve as directors, the proxies will be voted for the election of such substitute nominee as our board of directors may designate.

The proposal for the election of directors relates solely to the election of Class II directors nominated by our board of directors.

The board of directors recommends voting “FOR” the election of William R. Hinshaw, Jr., Martin Hendrix, Ph.D., and Catherine Angell Sohn, Pharm.D., as the Class III directors, to serve for a three- year term ending at the annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2025.

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Directors Continuing in Office

The following table identifies our directors and sets forth their principal occupation and business experience during the last five years and their ages as of April 7, 2022.

Name

Position and Offices Held with Axcella

Director
Since

Class and Year in Which
Term Will Expire

Age

David R. Epstein

Director

2017

Class I – 2023

William D. “Chip” Baird

Director

2018

Class I – 2023

Gary P. Pisano, Ph.D.

Director

2011

Class II – 2024

Cristina M. Rondinone, Ph.D.

Director

2018

Class II – 2024

Shreeram Aradhye, M.D.

Director

2020

Class II – 2024

Class I Directors (Term Expires at 2023 Annual Meeting)

David R. Epstein has served as our Chairman and as a member of our board of directors since December 2017. Mr. Epstein has also served as Executive Partner at Flagship Pioneering Inc., a biotechnology venture creation firm, since January 2017. From January 2010 to July 2016, Mr. Epstein served as Chief Executive Officer of Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, a pharmaceutical company. He currently serves on the boards of directors of Evelo Biosciences, Inc. (Nasdaq: EVLO) and of Rubius Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq: RUBY), as Executive Chairman. Mr. Epstein holds an M.B.A. in finance and marketing from Columbia Business School and a B.S. in pharmacy from Rutgers University. We believe that Mr. Epstein’s extensive experience serving in executive roles in the life sciences industry and leading the development and commercialization of numerous therapeutics qualifies him to serve on our board of directors.

William D. “Chip” Baird has served as a member of our board of directors since June 2018. He joined 2seventy bio, Inc. as Chief Financial Officer in November 2021, as Chief Financial Officer for bluebird bio, Inc. from February 2019 to October 2021, and as Chief Financial Officer of Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., a pharmaceutical company, from April 2012 to December 2018. Mr. Baird holds an M.B.A. in finance from The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and a B.S.F.S. in international affairs from the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service of Georgetown University. We believe Mr. Baird’s broad experience in pharmaceutical finance and executive management roles qualifies him to serve on our board of directors.

Class II Directors (Term Expires at 2024 Annual Meeting)

Gary P. Pisano, Ph.D., has served as a member of our board of directors since October 2011. Dr. Pisano is the Harry E. Figgie, Jr. Professor of Business Administration and Senior Associate Dean for Promotions and Tenure at the Harvard Business School. He has served on the Harvard faculty since 1988. Dr. Pisano’s research and teaching focus on technology and operations strategy, the management of innovation and intellectual property, and competitive strategy. For more than two decades, he has consulted extensively on these issues with companies in the pharmaceutical, biotechnology, medical device, specialty chemical and healthcare industries. He has previously served as a director of Axovant Sciences Ltd. (Nasdaq: AXON) and Patheon NV (NYSE: PTHN). Dr. Pisano holds a Ph.D. in business administration from the University of California, Berkeley and a B.A. in economics from Yale University. We believe that Dr. Pisano’s knowledge of business administration, innovation, and strategy, particularly within the healthcare industry, qualifies him to serve on our board of directors.

Cristina M. Rondinone, Ph.D., has served as a member of our board since June 2018. Since June of 2020, Dr. Rondinone has consulted for pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies at CMR Pharma Consulting. Dr. Rondinone served as President of Cellarity Inc. from September 2019 to June 2020. Prior to this position, from 1998 to 2019, Dr. Rondinone served in roles of increasing responsibility at Abbott Laboratories, Hoffmann-La Roche, and most recently at MedImmune, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of AstraZeneca, as Senior Vice President R&D, Head of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases Innovative Medicines and Early Development. Dr. Rondinone holds a Docent (Associate Professor) in molecular medicine from the University of Goteborg, Sweden School of Medicine and a M.Sc. and

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Ph.D. in biological sciences from the University of Buenos Aires. We believe that Dr. Rondinone’s extensive industry research and development experience qualifies her to serve on our board of directors.

Shreeram Aradhye, M.D., has served as a member of our board of directors since September 2020. He joined Dicerna, recently acquired by Novo Nordisk, in September 2020 as Executive Vice President and Chief Medical Officer. From April 2019 through August 2020, Dr. Aradhye served as Chief Development Officer at Axcella. Prior to joining Axcella, Dr. Aradhye spent approximately 17 years at Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, a pharmaceutical company, most recently serving as Chief Medical Officer and Global Head of Medical Affairs, and approximately two years at Sandoz Pharmaceuticals as Head of Global Clinical Development and Medical Affairs. Prior to industry, Dr. Aradhye was Assistant Professor of Medicine and a transplant nephrologist at the University of Pennsylvania. He received his medical education at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences in New Delhi, India, and studied Internal Medicine and Nephrology in the United States. We believe that Dr. Aradhye’s extensive clinical development experience and hands-on experience with Axcella’s product candidates qualify him to serve on our board of directors.

There are no family relationships between or among any of our directors or executive officers. The principal occupation and employment during the past five years of each of our directors was carried on, in each case except as specifically identified above, with a corporation or organization that is not a parent, subsidiary or other affiliate of us. There is no arrangement or understanding between any of our directors and any other person or persons pursuant to which he or she is to be selected as a director.

There are no material legal proceedings to which any of our directors is a party adverse to us or our subsidiaries or in which any such person has a material interest adverse to us or our subsidiaries.

Executive Officers Who Are Not Directors

The following table identifies our executive officers and sets forth their current positions at Axcella and their ages as of April 7, 2022. Biographical information for Mr. Hinshaw, our Chief Executive Officer, is set forth under the heading “Directors Continuing in Office” above.

Name	Position Held with Axcella	Officer Since	Age
Paul Fehlner, J.D., Ph.D.	Senior Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary	2018	58
Alison Schecter, M.D.	President of Research and Development	2021	58
Margaret James Koziel, M.D.	Senior Vice President and Chief Medical Officer	2021	62
Virginia R. Dean	Senior Vice President, Chief People Officer	2021	56
Robert Crane	Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer	2022	63

Paul Fehlner, J.D., Ph.D. has served as our Senior Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary since September 2020 and previously served as our Senior Vice President and Chief Intellectual Property Officer from April 2018 to September 2020. In addition, Dr. Fehlner has served as a Principal at Life Sciences Innovation LLC, a consulting firm that he founded, since December 2017. From November 2008 through November 2017, Dr. Fehlner served as Global Head of Intellectual Property at Novartis Pharma AG in Basel, Switzerland. Prior to joining Novartis, Dr. Fehlner practiced IP law in leading firms in the U.S. along with working in-house at Rhone-Poulenc Rorer. Dr. Fehlner holds a J.D. from Fordham University School of Law, a Ph.D. in immunology and biochemistry from The Rockefeller University and a B.S. in chemistry from Haverford College.

Alison Schecter, M.D. has served as our President of Research and Development since March 2021. Prior to joining us, she served as Chief Medical Officer at Selecta Biosciences, Inc. and as Global Project Head, Rare Diseases at Sanofi-Genzyme. Prior to this, Dr. Schecter was Global Program Head at Baxalta. Earlier, she also held roles in translational medicine, cardiovascular and metabolism product innovation at the Johnson & Johnson Innovation Center and the Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research (NIBR). Dr. Schecter started her career in academia as Associate Professor in Immunology and Medicine and

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co-founder and co-director of the Cardiovascular Research Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. She is a boarded cardiologist and internist who completed an Internal Medicine residency at The Johns Hopkins Hospital, a Cardiology fellowship at Massachusetts General Hospital and a Research Fellowship at Mount Sinai School of Medicine. Dr. Schecter earned her medical degree from SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University.

Margaret James Koziel, M.D. has served as our Senior Vice President and Chief Medical Officer since December 2021 and previously served as our Vice President, Clinical Development from June 2019 to December 2021. Prior to joining Axcella, Dr. Koziel held positions of increasing responsibility at Kaleido Biosciences, Inc., Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and the Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research (NIBR), working across the full spectrum of clinical development, from target selection through Phase 4 trials. Dr. Koziel also previously served as a Professor and Assistant Vice Provost for Clinical Research at the University of Massachusetts Medical School, staff physician at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Associate Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School. She obtained her B.A. and M.D. from Dartmouth and her postgraduate medical training at New England Deaconess Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, affiliates of Harvard Medical School.

Virginia R. Dean has served as our Senior Vice President and Chief People Officer since June 2021. Prior to joining Axcella, Ms. Dean was the Principal and Founder of the consulting firm ClearSight Leadership. From December 2012 through December 2015, Ms. Dean was the global Vice President of Human Resources for Tesaro. She has held progressively senior human resources roles in the life sciences, biotechnology and technology industries, including at ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Obsidian Therapeutics, and Resilience. She is a certified executive coach and mediation teacher. Ms. Dean holds an M.B.A. from Simmons College’s School of Management and a B.A. from the University of Vermont.

Robert Crane has served as our Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer since February 2022, bringing more than 35 years of experience building therapeutics, diagnostics and medical device companies. Prior to joining us, he served as a partner of the venture capital firm Montgomery Ventures, and he has previously served as CFO and in senior leadership roles for a number of public and private life sciences companies. Among his past companies are I-STAT (sold to Abbott), InKine (sold to Salix), Pyxis Oncology (NASDAQ: PYXS), Seragen, Inc. (sold to Ligand Pharmaceuticals), Sirtris Pharmaceuticals (sold to GSK), T-SCAN (NASDAQ: TSCN), and Taris Biomedical (sold to Allergan and J&J). Mr. Crane was also Chairman of the American Bicycle Group, a preeminent manufacturer of high-end bicycles. He earned a Master of Business Administration from Stanford University and a Bachelor of Science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

The principal occupation and employment during the past five years of each of our executive officers was carried on, in each case except as specifically identified above, with a corporation or organization that is not a parent, subsidiary or other affiliate of us. There is no arrangement or understanding between any of our executive officers and any other person or persons pursuant to which he or she was or is to be selected as an executive officer.

There are no material legal proceedings to which any of our executive officers is a party adverse to us or our subsidiaries or in which any such person has a material interest adverse to us or our subsidiaries.

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PROPOSAL NO. 2 — RATIFICATION OF THE APPOINTMENT OF DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP AS AXCELLA’S INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM FOR THE
FISCAL YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 2022

Axcella’s stockholders are being asked to ratify the appointment by the audit committee of the board of directors of Deloitte & Touche LLP as Axcella’s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2022. Deloitte & Touche LLP has served as Axcella’s independent registered public accounting firm since 2012.

The audit committee is solely responsible for selecting Axcella’s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2022. Stockholder approval is not required to appoint Deloitte & Touche LLP as Axcella’s independent registered public accounting firm. However, the board of directors believes that submitting the appointment of Deloitte & Touche LLP to the stockholders for ratification is good corporate governance. If the stockholders do not ratify this appointment, the audit committee will reconsider whether to retain Deloitte & Touche LLP. If the selection of Deloitte & Touche LLP is ratified, the audit committee, at its discretion, may direct the appointment of a different independent registered public accounting firm at any time it decides that such a change would be in the best interest of Axcella and its stockholders.

A representative of Deloitte & Touche LLP is expected to be present at the virtual Annual Meeting and will have an opportunity to make a statement if he or she desires to do so and to respond to appropriate questions from our stockholders.

Axcella incurred the following fees from Deloitte & Touche LLP for the audit of the consolidated financial statements and for other services provided during the years ended December 31, 2021, and 2020.

Fee Category	Fiscal Year 2021 ($)			Fiscal Year 2020 ($)
Audit and audit-related fees(1)		$	588,307		$	627,676
Tax fees			—			—
All other fees			—			—
Total Fees		$	588,307		$	627,676

(1)

Consists of fees for the audit of our annual financial statements, reviews of quarterly financial statements included in Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q services provided in connection with SEC filings, including consents and comfort letters, and a subscription to the Deloitte Accounting Research Tool.

Audit Committee Pre-approval Policy and Procedures

Our audit committee has adopted policies and procedures relating to the approval of all audit and non-audit services that are to be performed by our independent registered public accounting firm. This policy provides that we will not engage our independent registered public accounting firm to render audit or non-audit services unless the service is specifically approved in advance by our audit committee, or the engagement is entered into pursuant to the pre-approval procedure described below.

From time to time, our audit committee may pre-approve specified types of services that are expected to be provided to us by our independent registered public accounting firm during the next 12 months. Any such pre-approval details the particular service or type of services to be provided and is also generally subject to a maximum dollar amount.

During our 2021 and 2020 fiscal years, no services were provided to us by Deloitte & Touche LLP other than in accordance with the pre-approval policies and procedures described above.

Vote Required and Board of Directors’ Recommendation

The approval of Proposal No. 2 requires that a majority of the votes properly cast vote FOR this proposal. Shares that are voted “abstain” will not affect the outcome of this proposal.

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The board of directors recommends voting “FOR” Proposal No. 2 to ratify the appointment of Deloitte & Touche LLP as Axcella’s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2022.

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INFORMATION REGARDING THE BOARD OF
DIRECTORS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Director Nomination Process

Our nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for identifying individuals qualified to serve as directors, consistent with criteria approved by our board, and recommending such persons to be nominated for election as directors, except where we are legally required by contract, law or otherwise to provide third parties with the right to nominate.

The process followed by our nominating and corporate governance committee to identify and evaluate director candidates includes requests to board members and others for recommendations, meetings from time to time to evaluate biographical information and background material relating to potential candidates, and interviews of selected candidates by management, recruiters, members of the committee and our board. The qualifications, qualities and skills that our nominating and corporate governance committee believes must be met by a committee-recommended nominee for a position on our board of directors are as follows:

•

Nominees should have experience at a strategic or policymaking level in a business, government, non- profit or academic organization of high standing.

•

Nominees should be highly accomplished in his or her respective field, with superior credentials and recognition.

•

Nominees should be well regarded in the community and shall have a long-term reputation for the high ethical and moral standards.

•

Nominees should have sufficient time and availability to devote to the affairs of the company, particularly considering the number of boards of directors on which such nominee may serve.

•

To the extent such nominee serves or has previously served on other boards, the nominee shall have a demonstrated history of actively contributing at board meetings.

•

Axcella is committed to fair treatment and equality of opportunity, building a culture of diversity and inclusion, and proactively addressing inequality in all aspects of its business, including the selection of directors for its board.

In addition, every nominee must have sufficient time and availability to devote to Axcella’s affairs, a reputation for high ethical and moral standards, an understanding of the fiduciary responsibilities assumed by public company directors, and a demonstrated commitment to our values of ownership, determination, collaboration, and learning.

In building our Board, we also believe that the following skills and experiences are among those that are helpful in ensuring that our directors collectively possess the skills and backgrounds necessary for us to execute on our strategic plans, have a diversity of expertise and experience relevant to Axcella’s current and future business objectives and relative to other directors, and enable the Board’s oversight responsibilities on behalf of our shareholders. Skills and experiences shown below are generally reflective of the individual having worked in the area, rather than experience obtained as a director in the relevant field.

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Director

S. Aradhye(2)

W. Baird(1)

D. Epstein(2)

W. Hinshaw(2)

M. Hendrix

G. Pisano

C. Rondinone

C. Sohn

Class

III

Committees

Audit

Chair

Compensation

Chair

Nominating & Corporate Governance

Chair

Skills & Experience

Business Development

CEO Experience

Commercialization

Digital

Drug Development

Finance/ Accounting

Government/ Regulatory

Healthcare Industry

Human Relations

International

Investor Relations

Manufacturing

Science/ Technology

Strategy

Treating Physician

Notes

(1)

Financial expert

(2)

Non-independent Directors

Stockholders may recommend individuals to the nominating and corporate governance committee for consideration as potential director candidates. Any such proposals should be submitted to our corporate secretary at our principal executive offices no later than the close of business on the 90th day nor earlier than the close of business on the 120th day prior to the one-year anniversary of the date of the preceding year’s annual meeting and should include appropriate biographical and background material to allow the nominating and corporate governance committee to properly evaluate the potential director candidate and the number of shares of our stock beneficially owned by the stockholder proposing the candidate. Stockholder proposals should be addressed to Axcella Therapeutics, 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, Attention: Corporate Secretary. Assuming that biographical and background material has been provided on a timely basis in accordance with our bylaws, any recommendations received from stockholders will be evaluated in the same manner as potential nominees proposed by the nominating and corporate governance committee. If our board of directors determines to nominate a stockholder-recommended candidate and recommends his or her election, then his or her name will be included on our proxy card for the next annual meeting of stockholders. See “Stockholder Proposals” for a discussion of submitting stockholder proposals.

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Diversity in Board Membership

As noted above, our nominating and corporate governance committee is committed to fair treatment and equality of opportunity, building a culture of diversity and inclusion, and proactively addressing inequality in the selection of directors for our board. Thus, the backgrounds and qualifications of our directors, considered as a group, should provide a composite mix of experience, knowledge and abilities that will allow our board to promote our strategic objectives and fulfill its responsibilities to our stockholders, and considers diversity of gender, race, national origin, education, professional experience, and differences in viewpoints and skills when evaluating proposed director candidates. We comply Nasdaq Rule 5605 by having 3 diverse directors (33%), including one from an underrepresented minority and/or LGBTQ+.

Board Diversity Matrix (As of April 4, 2022)

Total Number of Directors

Female

Male

Non-
Binary

Did Not
Disclose
Gender

Part I: Gender Identity

Directors

Part II: Demographic Background

African American or Black

Alaskan Native or Native American

Asian

Hispanic or Latinx

Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander

White

Two or More Races or Ethnicities

LGBTQ+

Did Not Disclose Demographic Background

Director Independence

Applicable Nasdaq Stock Market LLC, or Nasdaq, rules require a majority of a listed company’s board of directors to be comprised of independent directors within one year of listing. In addition, the Nasdaq rules require that, subject to specified exceptions, each member of a listed company’s audit, compensation and nominating and corporate governance committees be independent and that audit committee members also satisfy independence criteria set forth in Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act and that compensation committee members satisfy independence criteria set forth in Rule 10C-1 under the Exchange Act. Under applicable Nasdaq rules, a director will only qualify as an “independent director” if, in the opinion of the listed company’s board of directors, that person does not have a relationship that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director. In order to be considered independent for purposes of Rule 10A-3, a member of an audit committee of a listed company may not, other than in his or her capacity as a member of the audit committee, the board of directors, or any other board committee, accept, directly or indirectly, any consulting, advisory, or other compensatory fee from the listed company or any of its subsidiaries or otherwise be an affiliated person of the listed company or any of its subsidiaries. In addition, in affirmatively determining the independence of any director who will serve on a company’s compensation committee, Rule 10C-1 under the Exchange Act requires that a company’s board of directors must consider all factors specifically relevant to determining whether a director has a relationship to such company which is material to that director’s ability to be independent from management in connection with the duties of a compensation committee member, including: the source of compensation to the director, including any consulting, advisory or other compensatory fee paid by such company to the director, and whether the director is affiliated with the company or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates.

Our board of directors has determined that all members of the board of directors and Dr. Hendrix if elected, except Mr. Hinshaw and Mr. Epstein, are independent directors, including for purposes of the rules

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of Nasdaq and the SEC. In making such independence determination, our board of directors considered the relationships that each non- employee director has with us and all other facts and circumstances that our board of directors deemed relevant in determining their independence, including the beneficial ownership of our capital stock by each non-employee director. In considering the independence of the directors listed above, our board of directors considered the association of our directors with the holders of more than 5% of our common stock. There are no family relationships among any of our directors or executive officers. Mr. Hinshaw is not an independent director under these rules because he is an executive officer of Axcella. Mr. Epstein is not an independent director under these rules because of the compensation he receives for non-director services pursuant to his Chairman and Consulting Agreement with Axcella, dated August 22, 2019, as discussed under “Director Compensation.”

Board Committees

Our board of directors has established an audit committee, a compensation committee, and a nominating and corporate governance committee. Each of the audit committee, compensation committee, and nominating and corporate governance committee operates under a charter that satisfies the applicable standards of the SEC and Nasdaq. Each such committee reviews its respective charter at least annually.

A current copy of the charter for each of the audit committee, compensation committee, and nominating and corporate governance committee is posted on the corporate governance section of our website, https://ir.axcellatx.com/corporate-governance/documents-and-charters

Audit Committee

William D. “Chip” Baird, Grégory Behar and Gary P. Pisano, Ph.D., serve on the audit committee, which is chaired by Mr. Baird. If elected, Martin Hendrix, Ph.D. will serve on the audit committee. Our board of directors has determined that each member of the audit committee including Mr. Hendrix is “independent” for audit committee purposes as that term is defined in the rules of the SEC and the applicable Nasdaq rules, and each has sufficient knowledge in financial and auditing matters to serve on the audit committee. Our board of directors has designated Mr. Baird as an “audit committee financial expert,” as defined under the applicable rules of the SEC. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, the audit committee met four times. The report of the audit committee is included in this proxy statement under “Report of the Audit Committee.” The audit committee’s responsibilities include:

•

appointing, approving the compensation of, and assessing the independence of our independent registered public accounting firm;

•

pre-approving auditing and permissible non-audit services, and the terms of such services, to be provided by our independent registered public accounting firm;

•

reviewing the overall audit plan with our independent registered public accounting firm and members of management responsible for preparing our financial statements;

•

reviewing and discussing with management and our independent registered public accounting firm our annual and quarterly financial statements and related disclosures as well as critical accounting policies and practices used by us;

•

coordinating the oversight and reviewing the adequacy of our internal control over financial reporting;

•

establishing policies and procedures for the receipt and retention of accounting-related complaints and concerns;

•

recommending based upon the audit committee’s review and discussions with management and our independent registered public accounting firm whether our audited financial statements shall be included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K;

•

monitoring the integrity of our financial statements and our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements as they relate to our financial statements and accounting matters;

•

preparing the audit committee report required by SEC rules to be included in our annual proxy statement;

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•

reviewing all related person transactions for potential conflict of interest situations and approving all such transactions;

•

reviewing quarterly earnings releases;

•

reviewing and overseeing our ESG commitments with respect to risk assessment and management policies and activities, including financial controls, whistleblower policies, and compliance; and

•

reviewing and overseeing our information security and technology risks, including cybersecurity and data protection programs and policies to manage those risks.

All audit and non-audit services, other than de minimis non-audit services, to be provided to us by our independent registered public accounting firm must be approved in advance by our audit committee.

Oversight of Cybersecurity Matters. Our audit committee is responsible for the general oversight of our information security and technology risks, including our cybersecurity and data protection policies and programs. As part of our cybersecurity risk mitigation, we provide employees with annual cybersecurity training and we engage third parties to review our security controls and enhance our information and security team, including providing ongoing response and monitoring. We also have entered into a cybersecurity insurance policy. We have not experienced any material information security breaches within the last three years.

Compensation Committee

Stephen Hoge, M.D., William D. “Chip” Baird, and Catherine Angell Sohn, Pharm.D., serve on the compensation committee, which is chaired by Dr. Hoge. Effective May 19, 2022, upon completion of Dr. Hoge’s service on the board, Dr. Sohn will chair the compensation committee and Gary Pisano, Ph.D. will join the compensation committee. Our board of directors has determined that each member of the compensation committee including Dr. Pisano is “independent” as defined in the applicable Nasdaq rules. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, the compensation committee met five times. The compensation committee’s responsibilities include:

•

annually reviewing and recommending to the board of directors the corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of our Chief Executive Officer;

•

evaluating the performance of our Chief Executive Officer in light of such corporate goals and objectives and based on such evaluation: (i) recommending to the board of directors the cash compensation of our Chief Executive Officer and (ii) recommending grants and awards to our Chief Executive Officer under equity-based plans;

•

reviewing and approving the cash compensation of our other executive officers;

•

reviewing and discussing with the board of directors corporate succession plans for the Chief Executive Officer and all executive officers as defined by Rule 3b-7;

•

reviewing and establishing our overall management compensation, philosophy and policy;

•

reviewing and overseeing our Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) commitments with respect to human capital and social responsibility, including diversity, equality, and inclusion (DEI), employment policies, and employee health and safety;

•

overseeing and administering our compensation and similar plans;

•

evaluating and assessing potential and current compensation advisors in accordance with the independence standards identified in the applicable Nasdaq rules;

•

reviewing and approving our policies and procedures for the grant of equity-based awards;

•

reviewing and recommending to the board of directors the compensation of our directors;

•

preparing the compensation committee report required by SEC rules, if and when required, to be included in our annual proxy statement; and

•

reviewing and approving the retention, termination or compensation of any consulting firm or outside advisor to assist in the evaluation of compensation matters.

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Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

Catherine Angell Sohn, Pharm.D., and Cristina Rondinone, Ph.D., serve on the nominating and corporate governance committee, which is chaired by Dr. Sohn. Our board of directors has determined that both of the members of the nominating and corporate governance committee are “independent” as defined in the applicable Nasdaq rules. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, the nominating and corporate governance committee met four times. The nominating and corporate governance committee’s responsibilities include:

•

developing and recommending to the board of directors’ criteria for board and committee membership;

•

establishing procedures for identifying and evaluating board of director candidates, including nominees recommended by stockholders;

•

reviewing the size and composition of the board of directors to ensure that it is composed of members containing the appropriate skills and expertise to advise us;

•

identifying individuals qualified to become members of the board of directors;

•

recommending to the board of directors the persons to be nominated for election as directors and to each of the board’s committees;

•

developing and recommending to the board of directors a code of business conduct and ethics and a set of corporate governance guidelines;

•

overseeing the evaluation of our board of directors and management; and

•

reviewing and overseeing our Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) commitments directly, including working with the Audit Committee and Compensation Committee on their ESG responsibilities and commitments.

The board of directors has delegated to the nominating and corporate governance committee the responsibility of identifying prospective candidates for board of director membership and recommending such candidates to the board of directors. Additionally, in selecting nominees for directors, the nominating and corporate governance committee will review candidates recommended by stockholders in the same manner and using the same general criteria as candidates recruited by the committee and/or recommended by our board of directors. Any stockholder who wishes to recommend a candidate for consideration by the committee as a nominee for director should follow the procedures described later in this proxy statement under the heading “Stockholder Proposals.” The nominating and corporate governance committee will also consider whether to nominate any person proposed by a stockholder in accordance with the provisions of our bylaws relating to stockholder nominations as described later in this proxy statement under the heading “Stockholder Proposals.”

Identifying and Evaluating Director Nominees. Our board of directors is responsible for filling vacancies on our board of directors and for nominating candidates for election by our stockholders each year in the class of directors whose term expires at the relevant annual meeting. The board of directors delegates the selection and nomination process to the nominating and corporate governance committee, with the expectation that other members of the board of directors, and of management, will be requested to take part in the process as appropriate.

Generally, the nominating and corporate governance committee identifies candidates for director nominees in consultation with management, through the use of search firms or other advisors, through the recommendations submitted by stockholders or through such other methods as the nominating and corporate governance committee deems to be helpful to identify candidates. Once candidates have been identified, the nominating and corporate governance committee confirms that the candidates meet all of the minimum qualifications for director nominees established by the nominating and corporate governance committee. The nominating and corporate governance committee may gather information about the candidates through interviews, detailed questionnaires, comprehensive background checks or any other means that the nominating and corporate governance committee deems to be appropriate in the evaluation process. The nominating and corporate governance committee then meets as a group to discuss and evaluate the qualities

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and skills of each candidate, both on an individual basis and considering the overall composition and needs of our board of directors. Based on the results of the evaluation process, the nominating and corporate governance committee recommends candidates for the board of directors’ approval to fill a vacancy or as director nominees for election to the board of directors by our stockholders each year in the class of directors whose term expires at the relevant annual meeting.

Minimum Qualifications. Our nominating and corporate governance committee and our board of directors may consider a broad range of factors relating to the qualifications and background of nominees. Our nominating and corporate governance committee’s and our board of directors’ priority in selecting board members is the identification of persons who will further the interests of our stockholders through their established record of professional accomplishment, the ability to contribute positively to the collaborative culture among board members, knowledge of our business, understanding of the competitive landscape, and professional and personal experiences and expertise relevant to our growth strategy. We have no formal policy regarding board diversity.

Based on careful consideration of all of the foregoing factors, the nominating and corporate governance committee recommended that the board nominate Martin Hendrix, Ph.D. for election at the Annual Meeting on May 19, 2022.

Oversight of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Matters. Our nominating and corporate governance committee has primary responsibility for the general oversight of our ESG commitments, initiatives, and programs, including collaborating with the audit committee and compensation committee with their ESG responsibilities. In 2021, the board approved amendment of the nominating and corporate governance committee charter to specifically include undertaking primary responsibility for ESG oversight; amendment of the audit committee charter to include responsibility for ESG matters related to risk assessment and management policies and activities, including financial controls, whistleblower policies, and compliance, and the compensation committee amended its charter to include responsibility for ESG matters related to human capital and social responsibility, including diversity, equality, and inclusion (DEI), employment policies, and employee health and safety. These amendments reflect our commitment to ESG matters.

Board and Committee Meetings Attendance

The full board of directors met seven times during 2021. During 2021, each member of the board of directors attended in person or participated in 75% or more of the aggregate of (i) the total number of meetings of the board of directors (held during the period for which such person has been a director) and (ii) the total number of meetings held by all committees of the board of directors on which such person served (during the periods that such person served).

Director Attendance at Annual Meeting of Stockholders

Directors are responsible for attending the annual meeting of stockholders to the extent practicable. All members of the board of directors then in office attended the annual meeting of stockholders on May 20, 2021.

Policy on Trading, Pledging and Hedging of Company Stock

Certain transactions in our securities (such as purchases and sales of publicly traded put and call options, and short sales) create a heightened compliance risk or could create the appearance of misalignment between management and stockholders. In addition, securities held in a margin account or pledged as collateral may be sold without consent if the owner fails to meet a margin call or defaults on the loan, thus creating the risk that a sale may occur at a time when an officer or director is aware of material, non-public information or otherwise is not permitted to trade in Axcella securities. Our insider trading policy expressly prohibits short sales, purchases or sales of puts or calls, and other derivative transactions of our stock, including any transaction that provides the economic equivalent of ownership, by our executive officers, directors, employees and certain designated consultants and contractors. Our insider trading policy also prohibits using our securities as collateral in a margin account and pledging our securities as collateral for a loan (or modifying an existing pledge).

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Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

We have adopted a written code of business conduct and ethics that applies to our directors, officers and employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions. A current copy of the code is posted on the corporate governance section of our website, which is located at https://ir.axcellatx.com/corporate-governance/documents-and-charters. If we make any substantive amendments to, or grant any waivers from, the code of business conduct and ethics for any officer or director, we will disclose the nature of such amendment or waiver on our website or in a current report on Form 8-K.

Board Leadership Structure and Board’s Role in Risk Oversight

David R. Epstein is the current Chairman of our board of directors and William R. Hinshaw, Jr. is our current Chief Executive Officer, hence the roles of Chairman of our board of directors and Chief Executive Officer are separated. We believe that separating these positions allows our Chief Executive Officer to focus on our day-to-day business, while allowing our Chairman of the board to lead the board of directors in its fundamental role of providing advice to and independent oversight of management. Our board of directors recognizes the time, effort and energy that the Chief Executive Officer is required to devote to his position in the current business environment, as well as the commitment required to serve as our Chairman, particularly as the board of directors’ oversight responsibilities continue to grow. While our bylaws and corporate governance guidelines do not require that our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer positions be separate, our board of directors believes that having separate positions is the appropriate leadership structure for us at this time and demonstrates our commitment to good corporate governance.

Risk is inherent to every business, and how well a business manages risk can ultimately determine its success. We face a number of risks, including risks relating to our financial condition, development and commercialization activities, operations, strategic direction, and intellectual property. Management is responsible for the day-to-day management of risks we face, while our board of directors, as a whole and through its committees, has responsibility for the oversight of risk management. In its risk oversight role, our board of directors has the responsibility to satisfy itself that the risk management processes designed and implemented by management are adequate and functioning as designed.

The role of the board of directors in overseeing the management of our risks is conducted primarily through committees of the board of directors, as disclosed in the descriptions of each of the committees above and in the charters of each of the committees. The full board of directors (or the appropriate board committee in the case of risks that are under the purview of a particular committee) discusses with management our major risk exposures, their potential impact on us, and the steps we take to manage them. When a board committee is responsible for evaluating and overseeing the management of a particular risk or risks, the chairman of the relevant committee reports on the discussion to the full board of directors during the committee reports portion of the next board meeting. This enables the board of directors and its committees to coordinate the risk oversight role, particularly with respect to risk interrelationships.

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Communication with the Directors of Axcella

Any interested party with concerns about our company may report such concerns to the board of directors or the chairman of our board of directors and nominating and corporate governance committee, by submitting a written communication to the attention of such director at the following address:

c/o Axcella Therapeutics
840 Memorial Drive, 3rd Floor
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 United States

You may submit your concern anonymously or confidentially by postal mail. You may also indicate whether you are a stockholder, customer, supplier, or other interested party.

A copy of any such written communication may also be forwarded to Axcella’s legal counsel and a copy of such communication may be retained for a reasonable period of time. The director may discuss the matter with Axcella’s legal counsel, with independent advisors, with non-management directors, or with Axcella’s management, or may take other action or no action as the director determines in good faith, using reasonable judgment, and applying his or her own discretion.

Communications may be forwarded to other directors if they relate to important substantive matters and include suggestions or comments that may be important for other directors to know. In general, communications relating to corporate governance and long-term corporate strategy are more likely to be forwarded than communications relating to ordinary business affairs, personal grievances, and matters as to which we tend to receive repetitive or duplicative communications.

The audit committee oversees the procedures for the receipt, retention, and treatment of complaints received by Axcella regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, or audit matters, and the confidential, anonymous submission by employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting, internal accounting controls, or auditing matters.

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DIRECTOR COMPENSATION

The table below shows all compensation paid to each individual who served as non-employee member of our board of directors during 2021 for their services as directors in 2021, other than Mr. Hinshaw. Amounts paid to Mr. Hinshaw are presented below in the Summary Compensation Table.

Name	Fees Earned or Paid in Cash ($)		Option Awards ($)(1)		Restricted Stock Units ($)(1)		All Other Compensation ($)		Total ($)
Shreeram Aradhye, M.D.		38,750		48,643						87,393
William D. “Chip” Baird		66,250		48,643						114,893
Grégory Behar		46,250		48,643						94,893
David R. Epstein		153,336(2)		485,295		100,000		75,000(3)		813,631
Stephen Hoge, M.D.		53,750		48,643						102,393
Gary P. Pisano, Ph.D.		46,250		48,643						94,893
Cristina M. Rondinone, Ph.D.		42,750		48,643						91,393
Catherine Angell Sohn, Pharm.D.		57,000		48,643						105,643

(1)

The amounts reported represent the aggregate grant date fair value of the stock options and stock awarded to the non-employee directors in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, calculated in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 718. Such grant date fair values do not take into account any estimated forfeitures. The assumptions used in calculating the grant date fair value of the stock options reported in this column are set forth in Note 9 to our audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. The amounts reported in this column reflect the accounting cost for these stock options and stock awarded and do not correspond to the actual economic value actually received by the non-employee directors or that may be received by the non-employee directors upon the exercise of the stock options or any sale of the underlying shares of common stock.

(2)

The amount represents a retainer payment to Mr. Epstein approved by the compensation committee for services as Chairman of the board of directors. Effective May 19, 2022, Mr. Epstein’s cash compensation will be $80,000 in cash or cash equivalents, consisting of $80,000 equivalent in restricted stock units granted pursuant to the Company’s 2019 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) to be priced as of May 19, 2022, such RSUs to vest monthly in equal installments of one-twelfth beginning May 31, 2022 such that the RSUs are fully vested within one year of the grant date.

(3)

The amount reported represents $75,000 in cash payments made to Mr. Epstein in consideration for consulting services rendered pursuant to the Chairman and Consulting Agreement described in more detail below.

As of December 31, 2021, each non-employee director held unexercised options to purchase the number of shares of the Company’s common stock as set forth below:

	Option Awards(1)
Name	Exercisable (#)		Unexercisable (#)
Shreeram Aradhye, M.D.		9,167		32,833
William D. “Chip” Baird		66,647		26,384
Grégory Behar		22,000		20,000
David R. Epstein(2)		1,090,446		30,000
Stephen Hoge, M.D.		76,288		20,000
Gary P. Pisano, Ph.D.		22,000		20,000
Cristina M. Rondinone, Ph.D.		62,366		25,778
Catherine Angell Sohn, Pharm.D.		27,497		25,503

As of December 31, 2021, David R. Epstein held 13,810 of vested stock awards and 4,604 unvested stock awards.

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(1)

The amounts reported represent the aggregate number of unexercised options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock held by each non-employee director, including awards granted prior to the completion of the Company’s IPO in May of 2019.

(2)

For Mr. Epstein, the awards underlying these amounts represent all option awards issued to Mr. Epstein, including the option awards issued to Mr. Epstein in consideration for consulting services rendered pursuant to the Chairman and Consulting Agreement described in more detail below. Effective May 22, 2022, Mr. Epstein’s equity compensation for service as non-executive chairman of the board of directors will be an option to purchase 50,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price equal to the closing price of the Company’s common stock on March 17, 2022, with vesting of such options on the earlier of (x) the one-year anniversary of the date of the 2022 Annual Meeting or (y) the date of the 2023 annual meeting of stockholders, subject to the Mr. Epstein’s continued service on the Board through such date.

Non-Employee Director Compensation

Under our director compensation program, we pay our non-employee directors a cash retainer for service on the board of directors and for service on each committee on which the director is a member. The chairman of each committee receives a higher retainer for such service. These fees are payable in arrears in four equal quarterly installments on the last day of each quarter, provided that the amount of such payment is prorated for any portion of such quarter that the director is not serving on our board of directors. The annual retainer paid to the chairman of the board is $155,000. The fees paid to non-employee directors, other than our chairman, for service on the board of directors and for service on each committee of the board of directors on which the director is a member are as follows:

	Annual Retainer
Board of Directors:
All non-employee members, except chairman		$	40,000
Audit Committee:
Members		$	7,500
Chairman		$	15,000
Compensation Committee:
Members		$	5,000
Chairman		$	10,000
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee:
Members		$	4,000
Chairman		$	8,000

We also reimburse our non-employee directors for reasonable travel and out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with attending our board of directors and committee meetings.

In addition, each new non-employee director elected to our board of directors will be granted an initial, one-time equity award of an option to purchase 40,000 shares of our common stock, which shall vest in equal quarterly installments during the 12 quarters following the grant date, subject to continued service as a director through such vesting date. On the date of each annual meeting of stockholders of Axcella, each non-employee director will receive an annual equity award of an option to purchase 20,000 shares of common stock, which shall vest on the earlier of the one-year anniversary of the grant date and Axcella’s next annual meeting of stockholders, subject to continued service as a director through such vesting date.

This program is intended to provide a total compensation package that enables us to attract and retain qualified and experienced individuals to serve as directors and to align our directors’ interests with those of our stockholders.

On August 21, 2019, David R. Epstein entered into a Chairman and Consulting Agreement with Axcella (the “Epstein Agreement”) pursuant to which Mr. Epstein has agreed to serve as Chairman of the

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Board and to provide certain consulting services to Axcella. In exchange for his services as chairman of the Board, Mr. Epstein receives an annual base retainer of $150,000 and an annual option to purchase 35,000 shares of Axcella’s common stock. In exchange for his consulting services, Mr. Epstein received an annual base retainer of $300,000 and an annual option to purchase 65,000 shares of Axcella’s common stock, subject to periodic review and adjustment at Axcella’s discretion. In March 2021, the Mr. Epstein received (i) Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) equal to a Fair Market Value (“FMV”) of $100,000 (“Consulting RSUs”); and (ii) an option to purchase 120,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Common Stock”) (“Consulting Option”). The Chairman and Consulting Agreement also contains customary non-competition and confidentiality obligations. On March 17, 2022, Mr. Epstein and the Company mutually agreed to terminate the Epstein Agreement, such termination to be effective immediately. The Epstein Agreement was terminated in connection with a new compensation arrangement for Mr. Epstein’s service as the non-executive chairman of the Board.

Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans

The following table sets forth information as of December 31, 2021, regarding shares of common stock that may be issued under our equity compensation plans.

	Equity Compensation Plan Information
Plan Category	Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights		Weighted average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights			Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities in first column)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders(1)		6,472,638(2)		$	5.47		1,649,408(3)(4)
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders		—			—		—
Total		6,472,638		$	5.47		1,649,408

(1)

Includes the Axcella Health Inc. Amended and Restated 2010 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2010 Plan”), the 2019 Plan and the Axcella Health Inc. 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan”).

(2)

Includes 6,197,288 of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options and 275,350 shares of common stock issuable upon settlement of restricted stock units

(3)

As of December 31, 2021, there were 1,040,168 shares available for grant under the 2019 Plan and 609,240 shares available for grants under the 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. As of the closing of our initial public offering, no additional equity awards may be granted under the 2010 Plan. The shares of common stock underlying any awards granted under the 2010 Plan or 2019 Plan that are forfeited, canceled, reacquired by us prior to vesting, satisfied without the issuance of stock, or otherwise terminated (other than by exercise) and the shares of common stock that are withheld upon exercise of a stock option or settlement of such award to cover the exercise price or tax withholding will be added to the shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2019 Plan.

(4)

The 2019 Plan provides that an additional number of shares will automatically be added to the shares authorized for issuance under the 2019 Plan on January 1 of each year. The number of shares added each year will be equal to the lesser of: (i) 4% of the outstanding shares on the immediately preceding December 31 or (ii) such amount as determined by the compensation committee of our board of directors. The 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan provides that an additional number of shares will automatically be added to the shares authorized for issuance under the 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan on January 1 of each year through January 1, 2029. The number of shares added each year will be equal to the least of: (i) 1% of the outstanding shares on the immediately preceding December 31, (ii) 237,181 shares or (iii) such amount as determined by the compensation committee of our board of directors.

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EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Our named executive officers for the year ended December 31, 2021, include our chief executive officer, chief financial officer, and our chief medical officer:

•

William R. Hinshaw, Jr., our chief executive officer;

•

Laurent Chardonnet, our chief financial officer; and

•

Alison Schecter, our president, research and development, strategy and operations

Summary Compensation Table

The following table presents the compensation awarded to, earned by or paid to each of our named executive officers for the years indicated.

Name and Principal Position	Year		Salary ($)		Bonus ($)	Stock Awards ($)		Option Awards ($)(1)		Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation ($)(2)		All Other Compensation ($)		Total ($)
William R. Hinshaw, Jr. President and CEO		2021		546,250					1,913,241(3)		275,275		8,700(4)		2,743,466
William R. Hinshaw, Jr. President and CEO		2020		517,500			703,500(5)		418,531		286,000		8,550(4)		1,934,081
Laurent Chardonnet(6) Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer		2021		361,703			395,400(6)		612,237(6)		0(6)		53,300(7)		1,422,640
		2020		375,000					55,509		151,875		49,189(8)		631,573

Alison Schecter, M.D. President of Research and Development		2021		357,981					1,399,075(9)		158,850		8,700(4)		1,924,606

(1)

The amounts reported represent the aggregate grant date fair value of stock options and stock awarded to the named executive officers in 2021 and 2020, as applicable, calculated in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. Such grant date fair value does not take into account any estimated forfeitures. The assumptions used in calculating the grant date fair value are set forth in Note 9 to our audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021. These amounts do not correspond to the actual value that may be recognized by the named executive officers upon vesting or exercise of the applicable awards.

(2)

The amounts reported represent cash incentive compensation based on the board of directors’ assessment of the achievement of company and individual performance objectives for the years ended December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, respectively, which were paid in February 2022 and February 2021, respectively.

(3)

In 2021, Mr. Hinshaw was granted a total of 375,000 time-based option awards.

(4)

The amounts reported present matching contributions under the Company’s 401(k) plan.

(5)

In 2020, Mr. Hinshaw was granted a total of 200,000 restricted stock units, of which 50,000 of the units are time-based and 100,000 units will vest when it is determined by the compensation committee that performance criteria tied to achievement of certain clinical milestones for its NASH and OHE clinical trials have been met, and the remaining 50,000 units will vest if it is determined by the compensation committee that such performance criteria have been achieved in advance of the expected timeline. The fair value of the restricted stock units as set forth above includes the aggregate grant date fair value for the 50,000 time-based units and 100,000 performance- based units, based on probable achievement of the clinical milestones for its NASH and OHE. No amount has been included in the table with respect to the remaining 50,000 performance-based units as there was no value ascribed with respect to such awards based upon probable achievement. Assuming maximum achievement of the 150,000 performance-based units granted to Mr. Hinshaw, the aggregate grant date fair value is $703,500.

(6)

Laurent Chardonnet resigned from Axcella effective November 28, 2021. Consequently, the stock and option awards granted to Mr. Chardonnet in 2021 were forfeited.

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(7)

The amounts reported represent matching contributions totaling $8,700 under the Company’s 401(k) plan, a $36,000 housing stipend and $8,600 in commuting expenses paid to Mr. Chardonnet in 2021 pursuant to his employment agreement.

(8)

The amounts reported represent matching contributions totaling $8,550 under the Company’s 401(k) plan, a $36,000 housing stipend and $4,639 in commuting expenses paid to Mr. Chardonnet in 2020 pursuant to his employment agreement.

(9)

In 2021, Dr. Schecter was granted a total of 325,000 option awards, of which 250,000 shares are time-based and vest over four years, and 75,000 shares which vest in three equal installments subject to the satisfaction of certain performance criteria with respect to certain clinical milestones for its NASH and OHE clinical trials, and research milestones with respect to the Company’s 2021 pipeline goals. On December 10, 2021, the compensation committee confirmed that the performance criteria had been met with regards to one installment, resulting in the vesting of 25,000 shares. The fair value of the option awards as set forth above includes the aggregate grant date fair value for the 250,000 time-based shares and 75,000 performance-based shares based on probable achievement of the clinical milestones for its NASH and OHE product candidates.

Narrative to Summary Compensation Table

Our board of directors and compensation committee review compensation annually for all employees, including our executives. In setting executive base salaries and bonuses and granting equity incentive awards, we consider compensation for comparable positions in the market, the historical compensation levels of our executives, individual performance as compared to our expectations and objectives, our desire to motivate our employees to achieve short- and long-term results that are in the best interests of our stockholders, and a long-term commitment to our company. We target a general competitive position, based on independent third-party benchmark analytics to inform the mix of compensation of base salary, bonus or long-term incentives.

Our compensation committee discharges our board of directors’ responsibilities relating to compensation of our directors and executives, oversees our company’s overall compensation structure, policies and programs, and reviews our processes and procedures for the consideration and determination of director and executive compensation. Our compensation committee typically reviews and approves grants and awards under equity-based plans for all service providers, including our executive officers. In addition, our compensation committee reviews and recommends to the board of directors for determination the corporate goals and objectives that may be relevant to the compensation of our chief executive officer, and evaluates our chief executive officer’s performance, and recommends to the board of directors for determination our chief executive officer’s equity and non-equity compensation. Our board of directors discusses the compensation committee’s recommendations and ultimately approves the compensation of our executive officers without members of management present.

Annual base salary

Each named executive officer’s base salary is a fixed component of annual compensation for performing specific duties and functions and has been established by our board of directors taking into account each individual’s role, responsibilities, skills, and experience. Base salaries for our named executive officers are reviewed annually by our compensation committee, typically in connection with our annual performance review process, and adjusted from time to time, based on the recommendation of the compensation committee, to realign salaries with market levels after considering individual responsibilities, performance, and experience.

Cash bonus

Our annual bonus program is intended to reward our named executive officers for meeting objective or subjective performance goals for a fiscal year. From time to time, our board of directors or compensation committee may approve annual bonuses for our named executive officers based on individual performance, company performance, or as otherwise determined appropriate.

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Name	Target Bonus (% of base salary)
William R. Hinshaw, Jr.		55
Laurent Chardonnet		40
Alison Schecter, M.D.		40

Long-term equity incentives

Our equity grant program is intended to align the interests of our named executive officers with those of our stockholders and to motivate them to make important contributions to our performance. We granted awards to our named executive officers in 2021, as described in the “Outstanding Equity Awards at 2021 Fiscal Year End Table.”

Outstanding Equity Awards at 2021 Fiscal Year End Table

The following table presents information regarding all outstanding equity awards held by each of our named executive officers on December 31, 2021.

	Option Awards										Stock Awards
Name	Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) Exercisable		Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) Unexercisable		Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Unearned Options (#)		Option Exercise Price ($)		Option Expiration Date		Number of Shares or Units of Stock that have not Vested (#)		Market Value of Shares or Units of Stock that have not Vested ($)(1)		Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Number of Unearned Share Units or Other Rights That Have Not Vested (#)		Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Market or Payout Value of Unearned Shares, Units or Other Rights that Have not Vested ($)(1)
William R. Hinshaw, Jr. President and CEO		880,336(2)		58,692(2)		0		6.21		6/21/2028		50,000(6)		104,500		0		0
		41,800(3)		19,000(3)		0		13.83		3/22/2029		0				150,000(7)		313,500
		78,350(4)		78,350(4)		0		4.12		1/2/2030		0				0		0
		0(5)		375,000(5)		0		6.59		2/8/2031		0				0		0
Laurent Chardonnet Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer		47,344(8)		0(8)		0		3.40		5/27/2022		0		0		0		0

Alison Schecter, M.D. President of Research and Development		0(9)		250,000(9)		0		5.57		3/17/2031		0		0		0		0
		25,000(9)		50,000(9)		0		5.57		3/17/2031		0		0		0		0

(1)

Based on $2.09 per share, the last sale price of Axcella common stock on December 31, 2021.

(2)

25% of this option vested and became exercisable on May 31, 2019, and the remainder shall vest in 12 equal quarterly installments thereafter.

(3)

This option was granted on March 22, 2019. Following the closing of our initial public offering on May 13, 2019, the vesting period for the stock option commenced subject to approval of performance criteria by the Board of Directors, which occurred on May 22, 2019. 25% of this option vested and became exercisable on March 1, 2020, and the remainder shall vest in 12 equal quarterly installments thereafter.

(4)

25% of this option vested and became exercisable on January 2, 2021, with the remainder to vest in 12 equal quarterly installments thereafter.

(5)

25% of this option shall vest and become exercisable on February 9, 2022, with the remainder vesting in 12 equal quarterly installments thereafter.

(6)

100% of the shares vested on January 30, 2022.

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(7)

Of the 150,000 performance-based shares subject to the restricted stock unit award, 100,000 shares will vest when it is determined by the compensation committee that performance criteria tied to the achievement of certain clinical milestones for its NASH and OHE product candidates have been met. The remaining 50,000 shares will vest if it is determined by the compensation committee that such performance criteria have been achieved in advance of the expected milestone timelines.

(8)

Mr. Chardonnet resigned from Axcella effective November 28, 2021. As of Mr. Chardonnet’s resignation date, a total of 47,344 shares had vested and are exercisable through May 27, 2022.

(9)

(10)

Employment arrangements with our named executive officers William R. Hinshaw, Jr.

Under our Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with Mr. Hinshaw, dated December 20, 2018, or the Hinshaw Employment Agreement, he will continue to serve as our President and Chief Executive Officer on an at will basis. Mr. Hinshaw initially received a base salary of $500,000 per year, which is subject to periodic review and adjustment. Mr. Hinshaw is also eligible for an annual performance bonus targeted at 55% of his base salary and is eligible to participate in the employee benefit plans generally available to our employees, subject to the terms of those plans.

Risk Mitigators in the Hinshaw Employment Agreement. The Hinshaw Employment Agreement further provides that if Mr. Hinshaw’s employment is terminated by us without Cause (as defined in the Hinshaw Employment Agreement) or Mr. Hinshaw resigns for Good Reason (as defined in the Hinshaw Employment Agreement), he will be entitled to receive: (i) base salary continuation for 12 months following termination, or the Hinshaw Severance Amount, and, (ii) if Mr. Hinshaw is enrolled in our health care program immediately prior to the date of termination and properly elects to receive COBRA benefits, 12 months of COBRA premiums for himself and his eligible dependents at our normal rate of contribution for employees for coverage at the level in effect immediately prior to the date of termination (or a monthly cash payment in lieu thereof if we determine we cannot pay such amounts without potentially violating applicable law). Payment of the Hinshaw Severance Amount shall immediately cease if Mr. Hinshaw breaches the terms of the Restrictive Covenants Agreement between him and us. In lieu of the severance payments and benefits set forth above, in the event Mr. Hinshaw’s employment is terminated by us without Cause or he resigns for Good Reason, in either case within 12 months following a Change in Control (as defined in the Hinshaw Employment Agreement), he will be entitled to receive: (i) a lump sum cash amount equal to 1.5 times the sum of (A) his current base salary (or his base salary in effect prior to the Change in Control, if higher) plus (B) his target annual cash incentive compensation for the year of termination, (ii) if Mr. Hinshaw is enrolled in our health care program immediately prior to the date of termination and properly elects to receive COBRA benefits, 18 months of COBRA premiums for himself and his eligible dependents at our normal rate of contribution for employees for coverage at the level in effect immediately prior to the date of termination (or a monthly cash payment in lieu thereof if we determine we cannot pay such amounts without potentially violating applicable law), and (iii) notwithstanding anything to the contrary provided in the applicable award agreement, accelerated vesting of 100% of all time-based stock options and other stock-based awards subject to time-based vesting, or “Time-Based Equity Awards”, held by Mr. Hinshaw.

Laurent Chardonnet

Under our Employment Agreement with Mr. Chardonnet, dated November 11, 2019, or the Chardonnet Employment Agreement, Mr. Chardonnet served as our Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer on an at-will basis.

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Mr. Chardonnet initially received a base salary of $375,000 per year, which was subject to periodic review and adjustment. Mr. Chardonnet was also eligible for an annual performance bonus targeted at 40% of his base salary and was eligible to participate in the employee benefit plans generally available to our employees, subject to the terms of those plans.

Under the Chardonnet Employment Agreement, Mr. Chardonnet was entitled for the first two years of employment with Axcella to a housing stipend of up to $3,000 per month and reimbursements after his start date with Axcella of up to $600 per week for commuting expenses as long as his main domicile remains in Pennsylvania.

The Chardonnet Employment Agreement further provided that if Mr. Chardonnet’s employment is terminated by us without Cause (as defined in the Chardonnet Employment Agreement) or Mr. Chardonnet resigns for Good Reason (as defined in the Chardonnet Employment Agreement), he will be entitled to receive: (i) base salary continuation for nine months following termination, or the Chardonnet Severance Amount, and, (ii) if Mr. Chardonnet is enrolled in our health care program immediately prior to the date of termination and properly elects to receive COBRA benefits, nine months of COBRA premiums for himself and his eligible dependents at our normal rate of contribution for employees for coverage at the level in effect immediately prior to the date of termination (or a monthly cash payment in lieu thereof if we determine we cannot pay such amounts without potentially violating applicable law). Payment of the Chardonnet Severance Amount would have immediately ceased if Mr. Chardonnet breached the terms of the Restrictive Covenants Agreement between him and us. In lieu of the severance payments and benefits set forth above, in the event Mr. Chardonnet’s employment was terminated by us without Cause or he resigned for Good Reason, in either case within 12 months following a Change in Control (as defined in the Chardonnet Employment Agreement), he would have been entitled to receive: (i) a lump sum cash amount equal to one times the sum of (A) his current base salary (or his base salary in effect prior to the Change in Control, if higher) plus (B) his target annual cash incentive compensation for the year of termination, (ii) if Mr. Chardonnet was enrolled in our health care program immediately prior to the date of termination and properly elected to receive COBRA benefits, twelve months of COBRA premiums for himself and his eligible dependents at our normal rate of contribution for employees for coverage at the level in effect immediately prior to the date of termination (or a monthly cash payment in lieu thereof if we determine we cannot pay such amounts without potentially violating applicable law), and (iii) notwithstanding anything to the contrary provided in the applicable award agreement, accelerated vesting of 100% of all Time-Based Equity Awards held by Mr. Chardonnet.

Alison Schechter

Under our Employment Agreement with Dr. Schechter, dated March 2, 2021, or the Schecter Employment Agreement, serves as our President of Research and Development on an at-will basis. Dr. Schecter initially received a base salary of $450,000 per year, which is subject to periodic review and adjustment. Dr. Schecter is also eligible for an annual performance bonus targeted at 40% of her base salary and is eligible to participate in the employee benefit plans generally available to our employees, subject to the terms of those plans.

The Schecter Employment Agreement provides that if Dr. Schecter’s employment is terminated by us without Cause (as defined in the Schecter Employment Agreement) or Dr. Schecter resigns for Good Reason (as defined in the Schecter Employment Agreement), she will be entitled to receive: (i) base salary continuation for twelve months following termination, or the Schecter Severance Amount, and, (ii) if Dr. Schecter is enrolled in our health care program immediately prior to the date of termination and properly elects to receive COBRA benefits, twelve months of COBRA premiums for herself and her eligible dependents at our normal rate of contribution for employees for coverage at the level in effect immediately prior to the date of termination (or a monthly cash payment in lieu thereof if we determine we cannot pay such amounts without potentially violating applicable law). Payment of the Schecter Severance Amount shall immediately cease if Dr. Schecter breaches the terms of the Restrictive Covenants Agreement between her and us. In lieu of the severance payments and benefits set forth above, in the event Dr. Schecter’s employment is terminated by us without Cause or she resigns for Good Reason, in either case within 12 months following a Change in Control (as defined in the Schecter Employment Agreement), she will be entitled to receive: (i) a lump sum cash amount equal to one point two-five (1.25) times the sum of (A) her

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current base salary (or her base salary in effect prior to the Change in Control, if higher) plus (B) her target annual cash incentive compensation for the year of termination, (ii) if Dr. Schecter is enrolled in our health care program immediately prior to the date of termination and properly elects to receive COBRA benefits, fifteen months of COBRA premiums for herself and her eligible dependents at our normal rate of contribution for employees for coverage at the level in effect immediately prior to the date of termination (or a monthly cash payment in lieu thereof if we determine we cannot pay such amounts without potentially violating applicable law), and (iii) notwithstanding anything to the contrary provided in the applicable award agreement, accelerated vesting of 100% of all Time-Based Equity Awards held by Dr. Schecter.

Other agreements

We have also entered into employee confidentiality, inventions, non-solicitation and non-competition agreements with each of our named executive officers. Under such agreements, each named executive officer has agreed (1) not to compete with us during his or her employment and for a period of one year after the termination of such employment, (2) not to solicit our employees during his or her employment and for a period of one year after the termination of such employment, (3) to protect our confidential and proprietary information and (4) to assign to us related intellectual property developed during the course of his or her employment.

Additional Narrative Disclosure

401(k) Savings Plan. We maintain a 401(k)-retirement savings plan for the benefit of our employees, including our named executive officers, who satisfy certain eligibility requirements. Under the 401(k) plan, eligible employees may elect to defer a portion of their compensation, within the limits prescribed by Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, (the “Code”) on a pre-tax or after tax (Roth) basis through contributions to the 401(k) plan. We are permitted to make discretionary profit-sharing contributions to the 401(k) plan. In 2020 the Company began matching 50% of every employee’s first 6% of contributions and the contributions will be 100% vested after 1 year of employment. The 401(k) plan is intended to qualify under Section 401(a) of the Code. As a tax qualified retirement plan, pre-tax contributions to the 401(k) plan and earnings on those pre-tax contributions are not taxable to the employees until distributed from the 401(k) plan, and earnings on Roth contributions are not taxable when distributed from the 401(k) plan.

Health and Welfare Benefits. All of our full-time employees, including our named executive officers, are eligible to participate in our health and welfare plans, including medical and dental benefits, short-term and long-term disability insurance, and life insurance. We believe these perquisites are necessary and appropriate to provide a competitive compensation package to our named executive officers.

Compensation Risk Assessment

We believe that although a portion of the compensation provided to our executive officers and other employees is performance-based, our executive compensation program does not encourage excessive or unnecessary risk taking. Our compensation programs are designed to encourage our executive officers and other employees to remain focused on both short-term and long-term strategic goals, in particular in connection with our pay-for-performance compensation philosophy. In line with this philosophy, we do not provide guaranteed bonuses to the above NEOs, and the bonuses to the above NEOs are only awarded upon approval of the compensation committee (or in the case of our CEO, the board) based upon satisfactorily meeting goals set by the board of directors. As a result, we do not believe that our compensation programs are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on us.

Rule 10b5-1 Sales Plans

Our policy governing transactions in our securities by directors, officers, and employees permits our officers, directors, and certain other persons to enter into trading plans complying with Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act. Generally, under these trading plans, the individual relinquishes control over the transactions once the trading plan is put into place. Accordingly, sales under these plans may occur at any time, including possibly before, simultaneously with, or immediately after significant events involving our company.

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CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Other than the compensation agreements and other arrangements described under “Executive Compensation” and “Director Compensation” in this proxy statement and the transactions described below, since January 1, 2021, there has not been and there is not currently proposed, any transaction or series of similar transactions to which we were, or will be, a party in which the amount involved exceeded, or will exceed, $120,000 and in which any director, executive officer, holder of five percent or more of any class of our capital stock or any member of the immediate family of, or entities affiliated with, any of the foregoing persons, had, or will have, a direct or indirect material interest.

Agreements with our stockholders

Investors’ Rights Agreement

In connection with the initial closing of our Series E Preferred Stock financing on November 30, 2018, we entered into a fifth amended and restated investors’ rights agreement, or investors’ rights agreement, with certain of our stockholders, including affiliates of Flagship Pioneering Funds, or Flagship. The investors’ rights agreement, among other things, granted investors party thereto certain registration rights (the “Registration Rights”), including demand registration rights, short-form registration rights, and piggyback registration rights, with respect to shares of our common stock, including shares of common stock issued or issuable upon conversion of our convertible preferred stock.

The Registration Rights will terminate on the earlier to occur of May 13, 2024, or, as to each holder, such earlier time at which such holder (i) can sell all shares held by it in compliance with SEC Rule 144(b)(1)(i) or (ii) holds 1% or less of our common stock and all registrable securities held by such holder can be sold in any three-month period without registration in compliance with SEC Rule 144.

Agreement with Flagship Pioneering

In December 2008, we entered into a services agreement with Flagship Ventures Management, Inc., now known as Flagship Pioneering, Inc., an affiliate of the Flagship Pioneering Funds, under which Flagship Pioneering, Inc. provides us with advisory and administrative services on an as-needed basis. The agreement, which is invoiced monthly, may be terminated by either party upon 30 days’ prior written notice. Our transactions with Flagship Pioneering, Inc. were immaterial for the year ended December 31, 2021, for services provided under the services agreement.

Limitation of Liability and Indemnification of Officers and Directors

Our restated certificate of incorporation contains provisions that limit the liability of our directors for monetary damages to the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, or DGCL. Consequently, our directors are not personally liable to us or our stockholders for monetary damages for any breach of fiduciary duties as directors, except liability for:

•

any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to us or our stockholders;

•

any act or omission not in good faith or that involves intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law;

•

unlawful payments of dividends or unlawful stock repurchases, or redemptions as provided in Section 174 of the DGCL; or

•

any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.

Our amended and restated bylaws require us to indemnify our directors and officers to the maximum extent not prohibited by the DGCL and allow us to indemnify other employees and agents as set forth in the DGCL. Subject to certain limitations, our amended and restated bylaws also require us to advance expenses incurred by our directors and officers for the defense of any action for which indemnification is required or permitted.

We have entered, and intend to continue to enter, into separate indemnification agreements with our directors, officers and certain of our key employees, in addition to the indemnification provided for in our

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restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws. These agreements, among other things, require us to indemnify our directors, officers and key employees for certain expenses, including attorneys’ fees, judgments, penalties, fines and settlement amounts actually incurred by these individuals in any action or proceeding arising out of their service to us or our subsidiaries or any other company or enterprise to which these individuals provide services at our request. Subject to certain limitations, our indemnification agreements also require us to advance expenses incurred by our directors, officers and key employees for the defense of any action for which indemnification is required or permitted.

Policies for Approval of Related Party Transactions

Our board of directors reviews and approves transactions with directors, officers and holders of five percent or more of our voting securities and their affiliates, each a related party. Prior to this offering, upon consideration of a potential related party transaction, the material facts as to the related party’s relationship or interest in the transaction are disclosed to our board of directors prior to their consideration of such transaction, and the transaction is not considered approved by our board of directors unless a majority of the directors who are not interested in the transaction approve the transaction. Further, when stockholders are entitled to vote on a transaction with a related party, the material facts of the related party’s relationship or interest in the transaction are disclosed to the stockholders, who must approve the transaction in good faith.

In connection with our initial public offering, we adopted a written related party transactions policy that provides that such transactions must be approved by our audit committee. This policy became effective on May 9, 2019. Pursuant to this policy, the audit committee has the primary responsibility for reviewing and approving or disapproving “related party transactions,” which are transactions between us and related persons in which the aggregate amount involved exceeds or may be expected to exceed $120,000 and in which a related person has or will have a direct or indirect material interest. For purposes of this policy, a related person will be defined as a director, executive officer, nominee for director, or greater than 5% beneficial owner of our common stock, in each case since the beginning of the most recently completed year, and their immediate family members.

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PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS

The following table sets forth information, to the extent known by us or ascertainable from public filings, with respect to the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of March 31, 2022, by:

•

each of our directors;

•

each of our named executive officers;

•

all of our directors and executive officers as a group; and

•

each person, or group of affiliated persons, who is known by us to beneficially own 5% or more of our common stock.

The column entitled “Shares Beneficially Owned” is based on a total of 52,575,840 shares of our common stock outstanding as of March 31, 2022.

Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC and includes voting or investment power with respect to our common stock. Shares of our common stock subject to options that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2022, are considered outstanding and beneficially owned by the person holding the options for the purpose of calculating the percentage ownership of that person but not for the purpose of calculating the percentage ownership of any other person. Except as otherwise noted, the persons and entities in this table have sole voting and investing power with respect to all of the shares of our common stock beneficially owned by them, subject to community property laws, where applicable. Except as otherwise indicated in the table below, addresses of named beneficial owners are in care of Axcella Therapeutics, 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139.

Name of Beneficial Owner	Shares Beneficially Owned		Percentage of Shares Beneficially Owned
5% or Greater Stockholders:
Flagship Pioneering(1)		18,867,785		35.9%
FMR LLC(2)		7,800,835		14.8%
Nestlé S.A.(3)		7,446,902		14.2%
HarbourVest Partners, LLC(4)		4,378,661		8.3%
Directors, Named Executive Officers and Other Executive Officers
William R. Hinshaw, Jr.(5)		1,237,972		2.4%
Alison Schecter, M.D.(6)		112,500		*
David R. Epstein(7)		1,283,143		2.4%
Gary P. Pisano, Ph.D.(8)		123,433		*
Stephen Hoge, M.D.(9)		96,288		*
William D. “Chip” Baird(10)		89,836		*
Cristina M. Rondinone, Ph.D.(11)		85,249		*
Catherine Angell Sohn, Pharm.D.(12)		52,163		*
Grégory Behar, M.B.A.(13)		42,000		*
Shreeram Aradhye, M.D.(14)		31,000		*
All executive officers and directors as a group (13 persons)(15)		3,401,262		6.5%

Represents beneficial ownership of less than one percent.

(1)

Based solely on a Schedule 13D/A filed with the SEC on March 18, 2022, consists of (i) 2,035,830 shares of common stock held by Flagship VentureLabs IV, LLC (“VentureLabs IV”) (ii) 8,600,403 shares of common stock held by Flagship Ventures Fund IV, L.P. (Flagship Ventures Fund IV General Partner LLC) (iii) 2,004,657 share of common stock held by Flagship Ventures Fund IV-Rx, L.P.

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(Flagship Ventures Fund IV General Partner LLC) (iv) 1,761,029 shares of common stock held by Flagship Ventures Fund 2007, L.P. (Flagship Ventures 2007 General Partner LLC) (v) 4,465,866 shares of common stock held by Flagship Ventures Opportunities Fund I, L.P. (Flagship Ventures Opportunities Fund I General Partner LLC). Noubar B. Afeyan, Ph.D. is the sole manager of Flagship Fund IV GP, Flagship Fund 2007 GP and Flagship Opportunities GP, and he may be deemed to beneficially own the shares directly held by the Flagship Fund IV Funds, Flagship Fund 2007, and Flagship Opportunities. Effective May 11, 2020, Mr. Kania retired from Flagship Pioneering, Inc. and as manager of Flagship Fund IV GP and Flagship Fund 2007 GP. The address of each of the entities and individuals listed above is 55 Cambridge Parkway, Suite 800E, Cambridge, MA 02142.

(2)

Based solely on a Schedule 13G/A filed with the SEC on February 9, 2022, FMR LLC has sole voting power with respect to 2,367,790 shares and sole dispositive power over 5,837,485 shares and Abigail P. Johnson has sole dispositive power over 5,837,485 shares. Abigail P. Johnson is a Director, the Chairman and the Chief Executive Officer of FMR LLC. Members of the Johnson family, including Abigail P. Johnson, are the predominant owners, directly or through trusts, of Series B voting common shares of FMR LLC, representing 49% of the voting power of FMR LLC. The Johnson family group and all other Series B shareholders have entered into a shareholders’ voting agreement under which all Series B voting common shares will be voted in accordance with the majority vote of Series B voting common shares. Accordingly, through their ownership of voting common shares and the execution of the shareholders’ voting agreement, members of the Johnson family may be deemed, under the Investment Company Act of 1940, to form a controlling group with respect to FMR LLC. Neither FMR LLC nor Abigail P. Johnson has the sole power to vote or direct the voting of the shares owned directly by the various investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act (“Fidelity Funds”) advised by Fidelity Management & Research Company (“FMR Co. LLC”), a wholly owned subsidiary of FMR LLC, which power resides with the Fidelity Funds’ Boards of Trustees. FMR Co. LLC carries out the voting of the shares under written guidelines established by the Fidelity Funds’ Boards of Trustees. The address of FMR LLC is 245 Summer Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02210.

(3)

Based solely on a Form 4 filed with the SEC on March 16, 2022, (i) Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. (“SPN”) and (ii) Nestlé S.A. (“Nestlé”), the ultimate parent of SPN, each has shared voting power and shared dispositive power with respect to 7,446,902 shares. Nestlé disclaims beneficial ownership of such shares of Common Stock except to the extent of its pecuniary interest therein. The principal executive office of SPN and Nestlé is Avenue Nestlé 55, CH-1800, Vevey Switzerland.

(4)

Based solely on a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on February 16, 2021, consists of 2,807,981 shares common stock owned directly by SMRS-TOPE LLC. HarbourVest Partners, LLC (“HarbourVest”) is the General Partner of HarbourVest Partners L.P., which is the Manager of HVST-TOPE LLC, which is the Managing Member of SMRS-TOPE LLC. Each of HarbourVest, HarbourVest Partners L.P. and HVST-TOPE LLC may be deemed to have a beneficial interest in the shares held by SMRS-TOPE LLC. SMRS-TOPE LLC has the sole power to vote or to direct the vote of; and, to dispose or to direct the disposition of 2,807,981 shares of common stock. HarbourVest, HarbourVest Partners L.P. and HVST-TOPE LLC may be deemed to have shared power to vote or to direct the vote of; and, to dispose or to direct the disposition of 2,807,981 shares of common stock. Voting and investment power over the securities owned directly by SMRS-TOPE LLC is exercised by the Investment Committee of HarbourVest. Each of HarbourVest, HarbourVest Partners L.P. and HVST-TOPE LLC and the members of the HarbourVest Investment Committee disclaim beneficial ownership of the shares held directly by SMRS-TOPE LLC. The principal business office of each HarbourVest Partners, LLC, HarbourVest Partners L.P., HVST-TOPE LLC and SMRS-TOPE LLC is One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111.

(5)

Consists of 48,012 shares of common stock and 1,189,960 shares of common stock underlying options exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2022.

(6)

Consists of entirely of shares of common stock underlying options exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2022.

(7)

Consists of 162,697 shares of common stock and 1,120,446 shares of common stock underlying options exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2022.

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(8)

Consists of 81,433 shares of common stock and 42,000 shares of common stock underlying options exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2022.

(9)

SEC Form DEF 14A filed by Axcella Health Inc.