arow-20250424

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

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Arrow Financial Corporation

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250 Glen Street

Glens Falls, New York 12801

April 24, 2025

Dear Shareholder:

You are cordially invited to attend the Arrow Financial Corporation Annual Meeting of Shareholders at 10:00 a.m. on June 4, 2025. The Company will host the Annual Meeting virtually. Visit our website at arrowfinancial.com for more information.

As in the past, our meeting will begin with a review of all voting matters and then feature a short presentation on the Company. Additional details about the Annual Meeting and related voting instructions can be found in the following Notice of 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and related Proxy Statement.

We are proud of the significant milestones we accomplished in 2024, strengthening our foundation and positioning us for future growth.

A defining achievement was the unification of our subsidiary banks, Glens Falls National Bank and Trust Company ("GFNB") and Saratoga National Bank and Trust Company ("SNB"), under a single brand, Arrow Bank National Association®, or Arrow Bank™. This strategic move simplifies our identity, enhances market presence and ensures continued local personalized service. Behind Arrow Bank's new name remains the same trusted people and services our customers rely on.

We also expanded our footprint with the acquisition of a bank branch in Whitehall, New York, and the assets of a local insurance agency under Upstate Agency, LLC. These strategic investments enhance our offerings and increase shareholder value.

During 2024 we made some key strategic decisions, including restructuring our investment portfolio and recognizing unification-related expenses, positioning us for a strong 2025. We continued delivering value to shareholders through share repurchases and increased our quarterly cash dividend to $0.28 per share.

Our strength was further recognized as we were named to the prestigious Piper Sandler Sm-All Stars: Class of 2024 list and our subsidiary, Arrow Bank, formerly Glens Falls National Bank and Saratoga National Bank maintained its 5-star "Exceptional Performance" rating from BauerFinancial for the 72nd consecutive quarter. Additionally, we welcomed four new board members, each bringing valuable expertise and diverse perspectives to help guide our strategic vision.

These achievements would not have been possible without the dedication of our exceptional team, who continue to serve the needs of our customers, communities and shareholders. Thank you for your trust and investment in Arrow Financial Corporation. We look forward to building on this momentum in 2025.

For a better understanding of our Company, including its compensation practices and corporate governance structure, please review our attached proxy materials and Annual Report on Form 10-K. Whether or not you plan to attend the Annual Meeting this year, it is important to us that your shares are represented. We encourage you to vote your shares promptly, and in advance of the Annual Meeting. Thank you.

Sincerely,

/s/ Tenée R. Casaccio /s/ David S. DeMarco

Tenée R. Casaccio David S. DeMarco

Chair of the Board President and Chief Executive Officer

250 Glen Street

Glens Falls, New York 12801

NOTICE OF

2025 ANNUAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS

April 24, 2025

To the Shareholders of Arrow Financial Corporation:

The Annual Meeting of Shareholders of Arrow Financial Corporation, a New York corporation, will be held on Wednesday, June 4, 2025, beginning at 10:00 a.m. Eastern Daylight Time. The Company will host the Annual Meeting virtually. Instructions on how to participate via the Internet, including how to demonstrate proof of stock ownership, are available at: www.proxyvote.com. Shareholders may vote and submit questions prior to attending the Annual Meeting via the Internet. Please see the Additional Voting Information section of this Proxy Statement for additional important information regarding the virtual Annual Meeting.

The Annual Meeting of Shareholders of Arrow Financial Corporation will consider and vote upon the following matters, as described more fully in the Proxy Statement attached to this Notice:

1.The election of four Class C Directors to three-year terms, one Class A director to the remainder of their term and one Class B director to the remainder of their term.

2.Advisory approval of our 2024 executive compensation (“Say-on-Pay”).

3.Ratification of the selection of Crowe LLP ("Crowe") as our independent auditor for 2025.

4.Any other business that may properly come before the 2025 Annual Meeting, or any adjournment

or postponement thereof.

Shareholders of record as of the close of business on April 7, 2025 will be entitled to vote at the 2025 Annual Meeting, or any adjournment or postponement thereof. Please see the Additional Voting Information section of the Proxy Statement for more information on how to vote.

Please ensure that your shares are represented at the 2025 Annual Meeting, as your vote is important. See the attached Proxy Statement for more information on how to vote your shares. Thank you.

By Order of the Board of Directors,

/s/Andrew J. Wise

Andrew J. Wise

Corporate Secretary

250 Glen Street

Glens Falls, New York 12801

PROXY STATEMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS


General Voting Information			1

Voting Item 1 – Election of F ou r Class C Directors to Three-Year Terms , O ne Class A director to the remainder of th e i r term and O ne Class B director to the remainder of their term			2

Voting Item 2 – Advisory Approval of Our 202 4 Executive Compensation ("Say-on-Pay")			10



Voting Item 3 – Ratification of the Selection of Crowe as Our Independent Auditor for 2025			12

Audit Committee Report			15

Corporate Governance			17

Named Executive Officers			23

Litigation			24

Stock Ownership Information			25

Compensation Discussion and Analysis			27

Executive Compensation			35

Agreements With Named Executive Officers			45

Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports			49

Additional Voting Information			49

Additional Shareholder Information			53

250 Glen Street

Glens Falls, New York 12801

PROXY STATEMENT

General Voting Information

This Proxy Statement is furnished in connection with the solicitation by the Board of Directors (“Board”) of Arrow Financial Corporation (“Company”), a New York corporation, of proxies to be voted at the 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (“Annual Meeting”) to be held virtually on June 4, 2025, at 10:00 a.m., or at any adjournment or postponement thereof.

The release of the Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials, the Notice of 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, the Proxy Statement and the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 (collectively, the “Proxy Materials”) is scheduled to begin on April 24, 2025, to shareholders of record as of the close of business on April 7, 2025. As of the record date, there were 16,670,684 shares of Company common stock outstanding, and each share is entitled to one vote at the Annual Meeting.

To vote, please follow the instructions in the Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials or in the other Proxy Materials. If you wish to receive a printed copy of the Proxy Materials, please follow the instructions in the Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials. The Proxy Materials will be mailed within three business days of receipt of your request. Shareholders who previously requested electronic copies will receive them in that format.

Please be sure that your shares are represented at the Annual Meeting by completing and submitting your proxy by telephone, online or by requesting and returning a completed paper proxy card. Please see the Additional Voting Information section of this Proxy Statement for more information on how to vote.

Voting Item 1 – Election of Four Class C Directors to Three-Year Terms, One Class A Director to the Remainder of their Term and One Class B Director to the Remainder of their Term

Summary and Board Recommendation:

Item 1 at the Annual Meeting is the election of four Class C Directors to three-year terms expiring at the 2028 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, one Class A Director to the remainder of their term expiring at the 2026 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and one Class B Director to the remainder of their term expiring at the 2027 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and, in each case, until their respective successors are elected and qualified. The Board has nominated for election Tenée R. Casaccio, James M. Dawsey, Philip C. Morris and Colin L. Read, Ph.D. as Class C Directors; Daniel J. White as Class A Director and Kristine D. Duffy, Ed.D. as Class B Director.

All six nominees were unanimously recommended by the Governance and Risk Committee to the Board (the "Governance Committee"), are currently serving as Directors and have been determined to be qualified and have consented to serve if elected.

There are no arrangements or understandings between any Director or Director nominee and any other persons pursuant to which such person was selected as a Director or nominee. None of the Directors are party to any agreement or arrangement that would require disclosure pursuant to Listing Rule 5250(b)(3) for the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. ("NASDAQ®") Stock Market, where the Company’s common stock is listed. This rule requires disclosure of agreements or arrangements between a Director and a third party related to the Director's service on the Board.

The Board has no reason to believe that any of these nominees will decline or be unable to serve if elected. Under applicable law and the Company’s bylaws, Directors are elected by a plurality of the shares voted at the Annual Meeting, meaning the nominees receiving the most “For” votes will be elected. For additional information regarding the vote requirements for Item 1, the treatment of abstentions and broker "non-votes" and a description of the Company’s Majority Voting Policy with respect to the election of Directors, please see the Additional Voting Information section.

•Vote Recommendation: Your Board recommends you vote “For” each of its six nominees: Tenée R. Casaccio, James M. Dawsey, Kristine D. Duffy, Ed.D., Philip C. Morris, Colin L. Read, Ph.D., and Daniel J. White.

Director Nomination Process:

The Governance Committee is responsible for identifying and recommending to the full Board suitable nominees to serve as Directors, including incumbents. Director nominees are selected based upon the following criteria, among others:

•Individual Strengths: The candidate’s knowledge, skill, experience and expertise

•Board Composition: The objective of achieving certain characteristics for the Board as a group, such as diversity of background, occupation, viewpoint and other attributes

•Succession Planning: Balance among age groups from those who are in mid-career to those nearing or recently entered into retirement

Additionally, the Governance Committee will not generally recommend a new candidate for nomination unless the candidate has demonstrated notable leadership and accomplishment in business, higher education, politics and/or cultural endeavors. The Governance Committee further assesses a candidate’s understanding of the regulatory and policy environment in which the Company does business and the candidate's interest in the communities served by the Company. Other factors considered by the Governance Committee include a candidate’s personal character, integrity and financial acumen. For candidates with prior experience as a Director of the Company or one of its current subsidiaries, including Arrow Bank, formerly known as GFNB, and Upstate Agency, LLC ("Upstate Agency"), or its former subsidiary SNB, which merged into GFNB, such candidate's service record will be an important factor in evaluating the desirability of the candidate's continuing service as a Director. Generally, Directors may not serve on the boards of more than two other public companies and may not serve on the board of any other public

company whose principal business is financial services.

To identify new candidates for Director, the Governance Committee will employ its own search protocols, seek suggestions from management and consider any Director nominee proposals it properly receives from shareholders. The same screening process is applied to all suggested candidates, regardless of the source. The Board will give substantial weight to the recommendations of the Governance Committee in selecting Director nominees for election and in filling Director vacancies. Under normal circumstances, the Board will not select nominees, including incumbent Directors, who have not been recommended by a majority of the members of the Governance Committee. For information on how shareholders may participate in the Director nomination process, see “Shareholder Submissions of Director Nominees for the 2026 Annual Meeting” in the Additional Shareholder Information section.

Individual strengths and skills, experience, composition and succession planning are considered by the Governance Committee when identifying and approving new board candidates. Prior to the December 11, 2024 ruling by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit striking down NASDAQ’s diversity rules, the Company exceeded the requirements set forth by NASDAQ for 2024 and continues to exceed them as of the date hereof.

Director Nominee and Continuing Director Biographies:

We have prepared the following biographies to provide shareholders with detailed information about each continuing Director and Director nominee, all of whom are currently serving as Directors of the Company. No specific minimum qualification standards have been established.

Class C Nominees (terms expiring in 2028, if elected)


			Tenée R. Casaccio, AIA Ms. Casaccio, age 59, was appointed Chair of the Arrow Board of Directors in June 2024 and has been a Director of the Company since 2014; she also served as a Director of the Company's subsidiary banks, GFNB and SNB, now named Arrow Bank, since 2010 and 2022, respectively. Ms. Casaccio has served as President of JMZ Architects and Planners, PC, a nationally certified Women-Owned Business Enterprise located in Glens Falls, New York, since 2009. She earned a Bachelor of Architecture degree from Virginia Tech and holds licenses to practice architecture in New York and several other states. She has been with JMZ since 1993. Ms. Casaccio has significant executive experience and a strong understanding of the New York business climate.


			James M. Dawsey Mr. Dawsey, age 72, was appointed a Director of the Company in November 2024; he also served as a Director of the Company’s subsidiary banks, SNB and GFNB, now named Arrow Bank, since 2010 and 2022, respectively; and a Director of the Company’s insurance subsidiary Upstate Agency, since 2022. Mr. Dawsey is the President of MLB Construction Services, LLC. He has more than 45 years of experience in construction management and operations oversight. He earned a Bachelor of Civil Engineering degree from Manhattan College and a Master of Arts in Management from the State University of New York, Plattsburgh. Mr. Dawsey holds general contractor licenses in more than 10 states and is a Commonwealth of Massachusetts Construction Supervisor Member. He also sits on the board of directors of Local Union 157 and the Eastern Contractors Association. Mr. Dawsey's ability to ensure financial strength and operational efficiency will provide valuable insight to the Board.


			Colin L. Read, Ph.D. Dr. Read, age 65, has been a Director of the Company since 2013; he also served as a Director of the Company's subsidiary banks, GFNB and SNB, now named Arrow Bank, since 2010 and 2022, respectively. Dr. Read is a professor of economics and finance in the State University of New York system. He served as Mayor of the City of Plattsburgh, New York in 2016, after three years of service on the Clinton County Legislature. He is President of ESG Analytics Group, has taught money and finance since 1987 and teaches sustainability. He is a published author, with various contributions to print, online and television media, as well as 12 books on global finance. Dr. Read has a Ph.D. in economics from Queen’s University, an MBA from the University of Alaska, a law degree from the University of Connecticut and a master’s degree in Taxation from the University of Tulsa. Dr. Read's expertise in economics and understanding of the Plattsburgh, New York area are key strengths.

			Philip C. Morris Mr. Morris, age 70, was appointed a Director of the Company in November 2024; he also served as a Director of the Company’s subsidiary banks, SNB and GFNB, now named Arrow Bank, since 2017 and 2022, respectively; and as a Director of the Company's insurance subsidiary, Upstate Agency, since 2022. Mr. Morris is the CEO of Proctors Collaborative, a performing arts center in Schenectady, New York, with regional subsidiaries, TheRep, in downtown Albany, New York and Universal Preservation Hall in downtown Saratoga Springs, New York. Active in the community, Mr. Morris currently serves on the Capital Region Economic Development Council. Mr. Morris brings extensive expertise in cultural facilities and development to the Board.

Class A Nominee (term expiring in 2026, if elected)


			Daniel J. White Mr. White, age 60, was appointed a Director of the Company and its subsidiary banks, GFNB and SNB, now named Arrow Bank, in November 2024. He is a retired Managing Partner of the KPMG, LLP ("KPMG"), Albany Upstate New York offices. Mr. White also served as a KPMG Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") reviewing partner that included work with some of the firm's large community bank clients in the Northeast and Midwest. He is a graduate of Siena College and a licensed CPA in New York state. He has 37 years of diversified experience serving financial services-rated entities, including publicly traded bank holding companies, community banks, foreign-owned banks, thrifts, broker-dealers, mortgage banks, asset-based lenders and commercial paper conduits. Mr. White provides the Board with extensive financial and regulatory expertise, offering valuable insight into risk management and strategic growth.

Class B Nominee (term expiring in 2027, if elected)


			Kristine D. Duffy, Ed.D. Dr. Duffy, age 59, was appointed a Director of the Company in November 2024; she also served as a Director of the Company’s subsidiary banks, GFNB and SNB, now named Arrow Bank, since 2019 and 2022, respectively; and as a Director of the Company’s insurance subsidiary Upstate Agency, since 2020. Dr. Duffy has served as the seventh President of SUNY Adirondack since 2013, and will retire from that role in July 2025. Before her current position, she served as Vice President of Enrollment Management and Student Services at Onondaga Community College and as Dean of Enrollment Management at Cayuga Community College. Dr. Duffy holds a Doctor of Education in Executive Leadership from St. John Fisher College, a Master of Science in Guidance and Counseling from Russell Sage College and a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration from SUNY Brockport. Dr. Duffy currently serves on the Warren County Economic Development Corporation. With more than 35 years of New York state higher education experience, Dr. Duffy brings personnel, strategic planning and capital fundraising expertise to the Board.

Continuing Class A Directors (terms expiring in 2026)


			Mark L. Behan Mr. Behan, age 64, was appointed Vice-Chair of the Arrow Board of Directors in June 2024 and has been a Director of the Company since 2017; he also served as a Director of the Company’s subsidiary banks, GFNB and SNB, now named Arrow Bank, since 2015 and 2022, respectively. Mr. Behan founded Behan Communications, Inc. in 1988. Behan Communications, Inc. is a public affairs and strategic communications firm serving national and regional clients and is an adviser to chief executives in major businesses and non-profit organizations in the Capital Region of New York state. Mr. Behan serves as a director or trustee of several nonprofit organizations. Mr. Behan is a graduate of Colgate University. Mr. Behan is also a former newspaper executive with extensive knowledge of the economic, political and community issues of the Capital Region and the Adirondacks of New York state.


			Gregory J. Champion Mr. Champion, age 70, has been a Director of the Company since 2021; he also served as a Director of the Company's subsidiary banks, GFNB and SNB, now named Arrow Bank, since 2018 and 2022, respectively. Mr. Champion is a retired attorney who previously served as Chief Legal Officer for Syncromune, Inc., a privately held clinical stage biopharmaceutical company seeking to develop intra-tumoral immunotherapy treatment for metastatic cancer patients, and prior to that served as the managing member of the Albany, New York office of Bond, Schoeneck & King, PLLC law firm. Mr. Champion has a B.A. from St. Lawrence University and a J.D. (summa cum laude) from Syracuse University College of Law. Mr. Champion brings more than 30 years of legal experience, including advising both privately held and publicly traded companies on corporate governance matters and serving as corporate secretary.


			Elizabeth A. Miller Ms. Miller, age 71, has been a Director of the Company since 2017; she also served as a Director of the Company's subsidiary banks, GFNB and SNB, now named Arrow Bank, since 2015 and 2022, respectively. Ms. Miller is President and Chief Executive Officer of Miller Mechanical Services, Inc. and Miller Industrial Manufacturing in Glens Falls, New York. She is a leading commercial and residential investor in downtown Glens Falls. She holds bachelor’s and master’s degrees from the College of Saint Rose. Ms. Miller has a strong understanding of the community and its business base, particularly local manufacturing.

Continuing Class B Directors (terms expiring in 2027)


			David S. DeMarco Mr. DeMarco, age 63, has been a Director of the Company since 2023; he also served as a Director of the Company's subsidiary banks, GFNB and SNB, now named Arrow Bank, since 2022 and 2012, respectively. He has been President and Chief Executive Officer of Arrow Financial Corporation and Arrow Bank, formerly GFNB, since 2023. Mr. DeMarco joined the Company in 1987 as a commercial lender and has since served in positions of increasing responsibility within the organization. In 2013, he was named President and CEO of SNB. He earned a bachelor's degree in finance from the University of Texas at Austin. He is a graduate of the Adirondack Regional Chamber of Commerce's Leadership Program and the Stonier Graduate School of Banking. Active in the community, he serves as Chair of the Capital Region Chamber of Commerce Board of Directors and sits on the boards of various non-profits dedicated to healthcare and economic development. Mr. DeMarco brings a strategic vision, industry and community expertise and a commitment to sustainable growth to the Board.


			David G. Kruczlnicki Mr. Kruczlnicki, age 72, has been a Director of the Company since 1989; he also served as a Director of the Company's subsidiary banks, SNB and GFNB, now named Arrow Bank, since 2015 and 2022, respectively. Mr. Kruczlnicki is President of a consulting firm that advises nonprofits on business planning, and teaches at Siena College, Clarkson University Graduate School and UNC/Chapel Hill. He was President and CEO of Glens Falls Hospital, a large regional medical center, from 1989 until his retirement in 2013. Mr. Kruczlnicki received a bachelor’s degree from Siena College and a master’s degree from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. He also served on the board of directors of several affiliates of Glens Falls Hospital, numerous other health-related organizations and Pruyn & Company, a local, privately-owned paper company. As a former health care executive, Mr. Kruczlnicki has significant experience overseeing finance and human resources, as well as directorship experience from his service as a director of numerous private and regional organizations.


			Raymond F. O’Conor Mr. O'Conor, age 69, has been a Director of the Company since 2017; he also served as a Director of the Company's subsidiary banks, SNB and GFNB, now named Arrow Bank, since 1996 and 2022, respectively. Mr. O'Conor is CEO of Saratoga County Capital Resource Corporation, a community development agency. He was a Senior Vice President of the Company from 2009 until his retirement in 2012, and also served as President and CEO of SNB from 1995 until his retirement. He is also a published author. Mr. O'Conor has an extensive knowledge of community banking, and more specifically, the Company, as a former member of the executive management team.

Director Compensation:

The Compensation Committee makes recommendations to the full Board regarding Director compensation. The Board itself, however, is responsible for determining the compensation payable to Directors for their services. Amounts paid for service on the boards of directors of Arrow Bank, formerly GFNB and SNB, prior to its merger with GFNB, are considered by the Board in its periodic review of total Director compensation.

• Director Compensation for 2024

With respect to 2024 Director compensation, at its January 2024 meeting, the Arrow Board of Directors approved the following Director retainer fees for 2024:


2024 Director Compensation Table
Annual Retainer			Position
$	30,000		Arrow Director
$	24,000		GFNB Director
$	12,000		SNB Director

$	4,000		Member, Audit Committee
$	2,500		Member, Compensation Committee
$	2,500		Member, Governance Committee
$	2,500		Member, NCIA Board and Wealth Management Committee
$	2,500		Manager, Upstate Agency, LLC

$	10,000		Chair, Audit Committee
$	10,000		Chair, Compensation Committee
$	10,000		Chair, Governance Committee
$	7,500		Chair, NCIA Board and Wealth Management Committee
$	5,000		Chair, Upstate Agency, LLC

$	25,000		Chair, Arrow Board
$	10,000		Chair, GFNB Board
$	10,000	(1)	Chair, SNB Board

(1) At the September 2024 meeting, the Arrow Board of Directors eliminated the Annual Retainer for the Chair, SNB Board.

Only non-management Directors receive compensation for their services as Directors. Management Directors (those persons who are also officers) receive no additional compensation for their services as Directors. Therefore, Mr. DeMarco, our President and CEO who is also a Director, did not receive Director compensation in 2024, although he was entitled to reimbursement of any expenses incurred in connection with his service as Director. Further, upon his appointment as Chair of the Board and until his retirement, Mr. Owens waived the member fees for each of the committees on which he served.

The 2024 quarterly Director payments included a portion of the fees payable in shares of Company common stock in accordance with the Arrow Financial Corporation 2023 Directors' Stock Plan (the "2023 DSP"). In accordance with the 2023 DSP, a portion of the 2024 Directors’ fees, as determined by the Board in its sole discretion, was payable to the Directors in shares of Company common stock, as opposed to cash or any other form of compensation, subject to applicable law and the provisions of the plan. Each Director elected the percentage of their directors’ fees payable in common stock from the portion that would otherwise be payable to the Director. With respect to director compensation payable in 2024, Directors Dake, Dawsey and Miller elected to increase the portion of their fees payable in shares of the Company's common stock such that 100% of their fees would be payable in shares of the Company's common stock.

•Directors' Deferred Compensation Plan

Under the Company’s Directors’ Deferred Compensation Plan, Directors of the Company, Arrow Bank and, prior to its merger with GFNB, SNB, may elect to defer receipt of some or all of the cash fees otherwise payable to them in any year to a later date, subject to certain limits set forth in the Deferred Compensation Plan and applicable law. Under this unfunded plan, amounts deferred are credited to the plan account of the deferring Director. The deferred amounts earn interest from time to time at a rate equal to the highest rate being paid on individual retirement accounts by Arrow Bank. Deferred amounts are ultimately distributable on a date or dates selected by the Director, subject to certain restrictions. Distributions under the plan are payable in cash, either in a lump-sum or in annual installments as the participant may choose. During 2024, no Directors elected to defer fees under the plan.

•Incentive Stock-Based Compensation

Under the Company’s current long-term incentive plan, the Arrow Financial Corporation 2022 Long-Term Incentive Plan (“2022 LTIP”), the Board is authorized, in its discretion and after consultation with the Compensation Committee, to make grants of stock-based incentive awards to non-management Directors of the Company as additional compensation for their service as Directors. The terms and conditions of awards granted to Directors are established by the Board itself, not by the Compensation Committee. The Board believes the grant of equity incentive awards serves an important purpose by further aligning Directors’ interests with those of our shareholders.

Historically, the Board has approved annual grants of a fixed number of stock options to non-management Directors under the 2022 LTIP (and predecessor plans). These options typically vested ratably over a four-year period, subject to accelerated vesting in the event of a change-in-control of the Company. All Directors’ stock options granted under the 2022 LTIP have a maximum term of 10 years from the date of the grant and are exercisable only while the Director continues to serve in such capacity and, for a short period following termination of service. The Board may elect to accelerate the vesting of options on a case-by-case basis, to extend the period of post-termination exercisability up to the maximum term of the option and has most often elected to do so in practice.

In May 2024, the Board approved a grant of restricted stock to each non-management Director under the 2022 LTIP that will vest ratably over a four-year period, reinforcing the long-term nature of the grant. The number and grant date value of all such restricted stock awards are listed in the “2024 Director Compensation Table” later in this section.

Stock Ownership Guidelines

In order to better align the interests of Directors with the interests of our shareholders, the Company has established individual stock ownership guidelines for non-management Directors. Under these guidelines, each non-management Director of the Company is expected to achieve, within five years following such Director's election or appointment to the Board, and thereafter to maintain as long as such Director serves as a Director, beneficial ownership of a number of shares of the Company’s stock having a market value at least equal to five times the basic annual retainer fee payable from time to time to such Director for serving on the Company’s Board. The target ownership requirement for each non-management Director is set by the Compensation Committee and Governance Committee, and measured each year using holdings valued as of the last business day of the Company's fiscal year. Common shares owned outright (including shares held jointly with immediate family members or indirectly through a trust or spouse) or held through the Company's ESOP are currently counted toward the stock ownership requirement. Unvested equity awards and unexercised stock options do not count toward the stock ownership requirement. The independent members of the Board have the discretion to address and approve exceptions. Management Directors are also subject to stock ownership guidelines as described in “Stock Ownership Policy” for Named Executive Officers in the Compensation Discussion and Analysis section.

2024 Director Compensation Table

The following Director Compensation Table summarizes all compensation paid by the Company, Arrow Bank and, prior to its merger with GFNB, SNB, to the non-management Directors of the Company for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. Management Directors (who, in 2024, consisted solely of Mr. DeMarco) do not receive any compensation for service as Directors of the Company or its subsidiaries. Compensation received in 2024 by Mr.

DeMarco is reported in the “Summary Compensation Table” within the Executive Compensation section.


Director	Fees Earned or Paid in Cash (a)		Stock Awards (b)		Restricted Stock Awards (c)		Dividends Paid on Unvested Restricted Stock Awards		Change in Pension Value/ Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Earnings		All Other Compensation			2024 Director Compensation Total
Mark L. Behan	$	37,063	$	37,062	$	10,415	$	227	$	—	$	—		$	84,767
Tenée R. Casaccio	48,413		46,337		10,415		227		—		—			105,392
Gregory J. Champion	36,250		36,250		10,415		227		—		—			83,142
Gary C. Dake	—		78,500		10,415		227		—		—			89,142
James M. Dawsey (e)	—		41,000		5,208		113		—		—			46,321
Kristine M. Duffy (e)	21,750		21,750		5,208		113		—		—			48,821
David G. Kruczlnicki	40,000		40,000		10,415		227		—		1,170		(d)	91,812
Elizabeth A. Miller	—		72,500		10,415		227		—		—			83,142
Philip C. Morris (e)	20,500		20,500		5,208		113		—		—			46,321
Raymond F. O'Conor	36,959		36,959		10,415		227		—		—			84,560
William L. Owens (f)	25,250		25,250		10,415		—		—		—			60,915
Colin L. Read	39,250		39,250		10,415		227		—		—			89,142
Daniel J. White (g)	—		—		—		—		—		—			—

(a)Represents the cash portion of the Basic Annual Retainer and fees relating to service on Boards and Committees.

(b)Represents that portion of each listed Director’s total 2024 Directors’ fees that were paid in shares of Company stock, in accordance with the 2023 DSP. For purposes of determining the number of shares of the Company’s common stock distributable to these Directors, the shares are valued at the market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of distribution, in accordance with FASB ASC TOPIC 718. In 2024, the Directors received, as payment of that portion of their basic annual retainer fee regularly payable in such year, shares of Company stock and a quarterly distribution of shares at a per share price based on the closing price of Company stock on the date of distribution. As of December 31, 2024, no non-employee Directors held any unvested stock awards under the DSP.

(c)Restricted stock awards granted to Directors are valued in accordance with FASB ASC TOPIC 718. The restricted stock awards were granted May 29, 2024. The restricted stock vests ratably over a period of four years following the date of grant. As of December 31, 2024, each non-employee Director held the following number of unvested restricted stock awards: Behan 412, Casaccio 412, Champion 412, Dake 412, Dawsey 206, Duffy 206, Kruczlnicki 412, Miller 412, Morris 206, O'Conor 412, Read 412 and White 0. As of December 31, 2024, each non-employee Director held the following aggregate number of unexercised stock options (whether vested or not vested): Behan 6,665, Casaccio 7,896, Champion 2,637, Dake 6,701, Dawsey 1,591, Duffy 1,591, Kruczlnicki 4,910, Miller 6,439, Morris 1,591, O'Conor 4,310, Owens 6,395, Read 7,011 and White 0.

(d)Represents interest earned by the listed Director during 2024 on the principal balance of the Director’s account under the Directors’ Deferred Compensation Plan.

(e)Since Directors Dawsey, Duffy and Morris were appointed to the Arrow Board in November 2024, each of these Directors' compensation is reflective of their respective term of service as a Director of GFNB and SNB.

(f)Mr. Owens retired in June 2024 and his 2024 Director compensation is reflective of the term of his service as a Director.

(g)As Director White was appointed to the Board in November 2024, he did not receive any Director compensation in 2024.

Voting Item 2 – Advisory Approval of Our 2024 Executive Compensation ("Say-on-Pay")

Summary and Board Recommendation:

In accordance with the requirements of Section 14A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, Item 2 is a proposal to approve on an advisory basis the Company’s 2024 executive compensation (“Say-on-Pay”), as described in the Compensation Discussion and Analysis section. This vote is not intended to address a specific item of compensation, but rather the overall compensation of the Named Executive Officers (“NEOs”) and the philosophies, policies and practices as described in this Proxy Statement. Say-on-Pay is an advisory proposal, so the Company is not required to take any action as a result of this vote. However, the Compensation Committee will be asked to review the results of the shareholder vote to determine if any additional action is required, and it will carefully consider the results as part of its regular review and recommendations regarding executive compensation.

The Say-on-Pay advisory vote taken at the 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders was approved by our shareholders. Approval of Say-on-Pay will require the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of common stock present or represented by proxy at the Annual Meeting and voting on this proposal. For additional information regarding the vote requirements for Item 2 and the treatment of abstentions and broker "non-votes," please see the Additional Voting Information section.

•Vote Recommendation: Your Board recommends you vote “For,” on an advisory basis, the Company’s executive compensation, or Say-on-Pay.

Say-on-Pay Details:

The Company believes its executive compensation program is well-designed, appropriately aligns executive pay with Company performance and attracts, motivates and retains individuals whose interests are aligned with shareholders. Please see the Compensation Discussion and Analysis section for more information on compensation decisions and practices. As noted in the Compensation Discussion and Analysis section, the Company takes a conservative and consistent approach to its executive compensation program. We believe the program ties executive compensation in an appropriate way to corporate and individual performance in order to drive Company growth and shareholder value. We also believe the overall compensation programs use responsible and reasonable methods to motivate, retain and reward the NEOs. This approach facilitates the promotion of long-term profitability within acceptable risk parameters. The Company's key practices are highlighted below:

•Say-on-Pay: Following the frequency of the Say-on-Pay advisory shareholder vote at the 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, the Board determined its current intention to include an advisory vote on executive compensation every year in its Proxy Statement. This will provide annual feedback from shareholders on the Company's pay practices.

•Employment Agreements: Consistent with shareholder advisory guidance, the Company's executive employment agreements provide for change of control "double trigger" severance benefits upon a termination of employment without cause or by the executive for good reason by applying the applicable multiple of two to three times to the sum of base pay plus target bonus for the relevant year instead of applying the multiple to the executive average annual taxable compensation for the five-year period prior to the change of control.

•Competitive: Total executive compensation is in line with industry standards and the Company's peer group.

•Balanced: The Company's annual bonus plan is a balanced program based on quantitative and qualitative assessment of both the Company’s and the individual executive’s performance. In past years when targeted financial performance was not fully achieved, individually or company-wide, based on either objective or subjective standards, or both, bonuses were materially reduced or not awarded at all, in some cases even if threshold levels of performance were in fact achieved.

•Annual Review: The annual bonus is based on goals that are reviewed and updated yearly and are set to encourage long-term profitability within accepted conservative risk parameters.

•Shareholder Aligned: Long-term equity-based incentives, such as restricted stock awards, recognize and encourage an alignment of executives' goals over the long term with those of the shareholders. Awards generally vest over a four-year period.

•Ownership Requirements: NEOs are required to own specific amounts of our stock based on their annual salaries.

•No Tax Gross-Up: The Company does not have tax gross-up plans for NEOs.

•No Golden Parachutes: The Company does not have "golden parachutes" for NEOs; the top change-in-control payment is capped consistent with limits in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code") so as to prevent the triggering of excess parachute taxes on the Company.

Voting Item 3 – Ratification of the Selection of Crowe as Our Independent Auditor for 2025

Summary and Board Recommendation:

Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Audit Committee appoints our independent registered public accounting firm. In this regard, the Audit Committee evaluates the qualifications, performance and independence of our independent registered public accounting firm and determines whether to re-engage our current firm. As part of its evaluation, the Audit Committee considers, among other factors, the quality and efficiency of the services provided by the firm, including the performance, technical expertise, industry knowledge and experience of the lead audit partner and the audit team assigned to our account; the overall strength and reputation of the firm; the firm’s global capabilities relative to our business; and the firm’s knowledge of our operations. Neither Crowe nor any of its members has any direct or indirect financial interest in or any connection with us in any capacity other than as our auditors and providing audit and permissible non-audit related services.

Although ratification is not required by our bylaws or otherwise, the Board is submitting the selection of Crowe to our shareholders for ratification because we value our shareholders’ views on the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm and it is a good corporate governance practice. If our shareholders do not ratify the selection, it will be considered as notice to the Board and the Audit Committee to consider the selection of a different firm. Even if the selection is ratified, the Audit Committee, in its discretion, may select a different independent registered public accounting firm at any time during the year if it determines that such a change would be in the best interests of the Company and its shareholders.

Representatives of Crowe are expected to attend the Annual Meeting and will respond to appropriate questions as quickly as possible after the Annual Meeting.

As previously disclosed on the Current Report filed on March 19, 2023, as the result of a competitive selection process to determine the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024, the Audit Committee dismissed KPMG as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm on March 14, 2024, effective immediately. Also on March 14, 2024, the Audit Committee of the Board approved the engagement of Crowe as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024.

The audit reports of KPMG on the Company’s consolidated financial statements for each of the two fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 did not contain an adverse opinion or a disclaimer of opinion, nor were they qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope or accounting principles. In the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 and in the subsequent interim period through March 14, 2024, there were no “disagreements” (as defined in Item 304(a)(1)(iv) of Regulation S-K and the related instructions) between the Company and KPMG on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure or auditing scope or procedures, which, if not resolved to the satisfaction of KPMG, would have caused KPMG to make reference to the matter in its report on the consolidated financial statements for such years.

In the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 and in the subsequent interim period through March 14, 2024, there were no “reportable events” (as described in Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K), except for the material weaknesses in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, as previously reported in Part II, Item 9A of the Company’s Annual Reports on Form 10-K for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 11, 2024 and July 7, 2023, respectively, which are described below:

• We did not maintain effective monitoring and oversight of controls including testing of management’s internal control over financial reporting and the completeness and accuracy of information presented to the Audit Committee as well as effectively performing risk assessment procedures to identify the impact of the September 2022 core banking system conversion on our internal controls over financial reporting.

The subject matter of this reportable event was discussed by the Audit Committee with KPMG. The Company has authorized KPMG to respond fully to the inquiries of Crowe concerning the subject matter of the reportable event. The Company provided KPMG with a copy of the disclosures contained in the Form 8-K and requested that KPMG furnish the Company with a letter addressed to the Securities and Exchange Commission stating whether it agrees with the statements contained herein.

During the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 and the subsequent interim period through March 14, 2024, neither the Company nor anyone on its behalf consulted with Crowe with respect to (a) the application of accounting principles to a specified transaction, either completed or proposed, or the type of audit opinion that might be rendered on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, and neither a written report nor oral advice was provided to the Company that was an important factor considered by the Company in reaching a decision as to any accounting, auditing or financial reporting issue, or (b) any matter that was either the subject of a “disagreement” (as defined in Item 304(a)(1)(iv) of Regulation S-K and the related instructions) or a “reportable event” (as described in Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K).

Ratification of the selection of Crowe will require the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of common stock present or represented by proxy at the Annual Meeting and voting on this proposal. For additional information regarding the vote requirements for Item 3 and the treatment of abstentions and broker "non-votes," please see the Additional Voting Information section.

•Vote Recommendation: Your Board recommends you vote “For” the ratification of the independent registered public accounting firm, Crowe, as the independent auditor of the Company for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2025.

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Fees:

The following table sets forth the aggregate fees billed to the Company and its Subsidiaries for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, for services rendered by Crowe, our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, and KPMG, our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. Crowe started serving as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.


Categories of Service	2024		2023
Audit Fees	$	1,403,824	$2,689,630
Audit-Related Fees	—		25,000
Tax Fees	53,928		108,250
All Other Fees	22,313		—
Total Fees	$	1,480,065	$2,822,880

Audit Fees

Audit fees consist of the aggregate fees billed or expected to be billed by our independent registered public accounting firm for (i) auditing the Company's consolidated financial statements for the relevant fiscal year; (ii) reviewing our unaudited interim financial statement included in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q filed during the relevant fiscal year; and (iii) for the integrated audit of internal controls over financial reporting as required under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for the relevant fiscal year.

Audit-Related Fees

Audit-related fees consist of the aggregate fees billed by our independent registered accounting firms for audit, accounting and financial reporting related to other required SEC filings in addition to the annual audited financial statements and unaudited interim quarterly financial statements during the relevant fiscal year.

Tax Fees

Tax fees consist of the aggregate fees for tax-related services billed by our independent registered public

accounting firm for the relevant fiscal year for professional services rendered for the Company's and its subsidiaries' tax compliance, tax advice, tax planning and tax return preparation.

All Other Fees

All other fees consist of fees billed by our independent registered accounting firm for consultation services related to pre-implementation conversion reviews in the relevant fiscal year.

The Audit Committee does not believe the rendering of these services to be incompatible with maintaining independence as our independent registered public accounting firm.

Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures

The Audit Committee pre-approves all services provided by our independent registered public accounting firm prior to their engagement with respect to such services.

Audit Committee Report

Each member of the Audit Committee qualifies as independent under both the NASDAQ standards for independent directors and the more rigorous SEC standards for independent Audit Committee members. For more detail, see the Corporate Governance section. The Audit Committee assists the Board in fulfilling its oversight role relating to the Company’s financial statements and the financial reporting process, including the system of disclosure controls and the Company’s internal controls and procedures. Its duties include reviewing the independent registered public accounting firm’s qualifications and independence, the performance of the independent registered public accounting firm and the Company’s internal audit function. The duties of the Audit Committee are set forth in the Audit Committee Charter, which has been adopted by the Board and is reviewed annually by the Committee. A copy of the current charter of the Audit Committee is available on our website at www.arrowfinancial.com/corporate/governance.

The Audit Committee is responsible primarily for assisting the Board in fulfilling certain oversight responsibilities, including reviewing the financial information that will be provided to shareholders and others; appointing the independent registered public accounting firm; reviewing the services performed by the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm; directly overseeing the Internal Audit department; evaluating the Company’s accounting policies; reviewing the integrity of the financial reporting process and the internal control structure that management and the Board have established; reviewing significant financial transactions and investigating reports of wrongdoing made through the Company’s Ethics Helpline or otherwise; and ensuring implementation of corrective actions. Management of the Company is responsible for preparation and presentation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements, the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, and procedures that are reasonably designed to assure compliance with accounting standards and applicable laws and regulations. The Company’s independent registered public accounting firm is responsible for performing an independent audit of the consolidated financial statements and the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (the “PCAOB”). The Audit Committee does not itself prepare financial statements or perform audits, and its members are not auditors or certifiers of the Company’s financial statements or disclosures.

The Audit Committee has reviewed and discussed with management and Crowe the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024. The Audit Committee has also discussed with management its assertion on the design and effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, and has discussed with Crowe the matters required to be discussed by professional standards. The Audit Committee has received and discussed the written disclosures and the letter from Crowe required by Public Company Accounting Oversight Board Rule 3526, “Communication with Audit Committees Concerning Independence.” Based on this review and discussion, the Audit Committee recommended to the Board that the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company, and management’s assertion on the design and effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of the Company and its Subsidiaries, be included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, as filed with the SEC.

In fulfilling its responsibility of appointment, compensation and oversight of the services performed by the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, the Audit Committee regularly meets with the independent registered public accounting firm and carefully reviews the responsibilities and procedures for the engagement of the independent registered public accounting firm, including the scope of the audit, overall audit strategy and timing, significant risks identified by the independent registered public accounting firm, any issues encountered during the audit, audit fees, auditor independence matters and the extent to which the independent registered public accounting firm is retained to perform non-audit related services.

The Audit Committee has approved the engagement of Crowe as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for 2025 and the scope of its work. To ensure that the appointment of the independent registered public accounting firm is in the best interests of the Company and its shareholders, the Audit Committee annually reviews the engagement and considers several factors, including the independent registered public accounting firm’s qualifications, independence, audit approach, work quality, appropriateness of fees, and significant legal or regulatory proceedings related to the firm, along with the impact of changing auditors. The Committee has determined it is in the best interest of the shareholders to reappoint Crowe as the independent registered public accounting firm after thoroughly evaluating these factors.

Colin L. Read, Chair

Gregory J. Champion

David G. Kruczlnicki

Elizabeth A. Miller

Daniel J. White

Corporate Governance

The Board’s Corporate Governance Guidelines provide the framework within which the Company’s Directors and executive officers manage the business and affairs of the Company. The Company is managed under the direction and oversight of the Board. The Board appoints the CEO, who is responsible for the day-to-day operation of the Company. The Board’s primary responsibilities, thereafter, are to oversee management and to exercise its business judgment to act in what it reasonably believes to be the best interests of the Company and its shareholders. At least once each year, the Board will review the Company’s long-term strategic plans and future key issues.

The Governance Committee of the Board is responsible for reviewing with the full Board, on an annual basis, the requisite skills and characteristics of all Board members, as well as nominees for Director and the composition of the Board as a whole. This assessment will include whether individual Directors or nominees qualify as independent under applicable law and guidelines, as well as consideration of diversity, age, skills and experience of the Directors as a group in the context of the needs of the Board. The Company believes that a diverse Board advances the Company's interests by providing a variety of perspectives on important matters and improving our service to our communities. The Company has had a longstanding commitment to board diversity and currently exceeds NASDAQ diversity requirements. A majority of Directors must meet the criteria for general Board independence as required and defined by NASDAQ. Directors generally must satisfy certain other applicable laws, rules and regulations.

The Board’s membership is divided into three classes, as equal in number as possible given the number of Directors. Generally, one class is elected each year by the Company’s shareholders to a term of three years. The Governance Committee identifies and recommends to the full Board suitable candidates for nomination for Director, including, when appropriate, incumbent Directors. In making its recommendations, the Governance Committee will consider any proposals it properly receives from shareholders for Director nominees. Shareholders may propose a Director candidate for consideration by the Governance Committee by following the rules described under “Shareholder Submissions of Director Nominees for the 2026 Annual Meeting” in the Additional Shareholder Information section. The Governance Committee’s recommendations of candidates for nomination will be based on its determination as to the suitability of the particular individuals, and the slate as a whole, to serve as Directors of the Company, taking into account the criteria discussed above. When evaluating incumbent Directors who are nominated for reelection, the Governance Committee considers, in addition to past performance, each such Director’s attendance record for meetings of the Company’s Board, the boards of directors of Arrow Bank, formerly GFNB, and, SNB prior to its merger with GFNB, and the committees on which the Director serves, as applicable. See “Director Nomination Process” in the Voting Item 1 – Election of Directors section for a discussion of additional criteria considered in the selection of Directors for nomination.

The Board does not believe that Directors should be subject to term limits. While term limits may in some cases enhance the flow of fresh ideas and viewpoints in the boardroom, they may also result in the loss of knowledgeable and experienced Directors, whose insights into the Company and its operations typically expand and deepen over time. When evaluating whether incumbent Directors should be renominated, the Governance Committee will consider, in addition to the incumbent’s prior performance on the Board, the same general qualities and attributes, such as suitability, character, general experience and background that it applies to new candidates for Director. Additionally, the Company’s bylaws provide that Directors will retire from the Board at the first Annual Meeting of Shareholders held on or after they attain the age of 75.

Board Leadership Structure:

Currently, the Board leadership structure separates the roles of Chair and CEO, therefore not requiring the appointment of a lead independent Director to serve as a liaison between the Chair and the independent Directors. The Board believes that the separation of the offices of the Chair and CEO is appropriate at this time as it maximizes the effectiveness of Board leadership and allows our CEO to focus primarily on management responsibilities. Further, the Company has a Board comprised largely of Directors who qualify as “independent” under the NASDAQ general independence guidelines. The Company’s bylaws permit the Board to appoint both a chair and vice-chair, as it deems appropriate in its discretion.

The Governance Committee and the independent Directors will continue to evaluate the Board’s leadership structure as part of its regular review of corporate governance and succession planning to ensure that it remains best suited for the Company and shareholders.

Board Committees:

The Board has three standing committees whose membership and responsibilities must meet certain NASDAQ and SEC requirements. These standing committees are the Audit, Compensation and Governance Committees (collectively, the “Committees”). The Board may from time to time establish or maintain additional committees, as it deems necessary or appropriate, the membership of which may include one or more Directors, as well as non-Directors. One such additional committee that the Board has established is the Executive Committee, which is described later in this section.

Committee Membership

The Governance Committee regularly reviews committee membership and makes recommendations for changes on an annual basis, with consideration given to the qualifications and preferences of individual Directors and the specific requirements, if any, of NASDAQ and the SEC for service on such committees. The Board gives consideration to rotating committee members periodically, to the extent feasible under applicable laws and regulations governing the membership requirements of the Committees, but the Board does not believe rotation should be mandated as policy, nor that service by a Director on a committee should be subject to term limits. All members of the three standing Committees are independent Directors, as defined (and generally required) under applicable law, rules and regulations (see “Director Independence” later in this section for more detail). A table showing the current members of each of the standing Committees follows:


Director	Audit Committee	Compensation Committee	Governance Committee
Mark L. Behan		X

Gregory J. Champion	X		X
Gary C. Dake(1)		X	Chair
David G. Kruczlnicki	X	Chair
Elizabeth A. Miller	X		X
Colin L. Read	Chair		X
Daniel J. White(2)	X
(1) Mr. Dake is retiring from the Board at the Annual Meeting on June 4, 2025. At that time, his committee memberships will cease. The Board will address Mr. Dake's committee membership on or before the date of the Annual Meeting.
(2) Mr. White joined the Audit Committee effective November 5, 2024.

Each of the three standing Committees has its own charter that sets forth the purposes, goals and responsibilities of the Committee, as well as the qualifications for membership, procedures for appointing members, structure and operations and policies for Board oversight of the Committee. Each has the power to hire, at the Company’s expense, independent accounting, compensation, financial, legal or other consultants, as the members may deem necessary and appropriate, consistent with the overall authority to retain such advisors as set forth in the Committee’s charter, including budgeting or professional conditions and limitations. Management approval will not be required for engagement of consultants, although management normally will be advised and consulted prior to any such engagement to avoid, among other things, conflicts of interest.

Committee Descriptions

A description of each of the three standing Committees, as well as the Executive Committee, follows:

•Audit Committee: Dr. Read is Chair of the Audit Committee; he has served in this role since 2020. The Audit Committee’s primary duties and responsibilities are to select and appoint the independent auditors each year; monitor the independence and performance of the Company’s independent auditors and Internal Audit department; monitor the quality and integrity of the Company’s financial reporting process and systems of internal controls regarding accounting, financial and legal compliance; and provide a means of communication among the independent auditors, management, the Internal Audit department and the

Board. The Audit Committee also reviews business or financial transactions between the Company and Company insiders and their related parties, such as any transactions with an individual Director or business entity in which the Director has a controlling or material interest. In accordance with applicable rules, the Audit Committee must specifically approve in advance all services performed by the independent auditor. The Audit Committee met seven times in 2024, all then-serving members attended these meetings. For additional information, see the Audit Committee Report section.

•Compensation Committee: Mr. Kruczlnicki is Chair of the Compensation Committee; he has served in this role since 2013. The Compensation Committee’s principal responsibility is to review and approve, not less often than annually, all aspects of the compensation arrangements and benefit plans covering the Company's executive officers, including the CEO, subject to full Board approval, where appropriate. The Compensation Committee also periodically reviews the compensation of the Board and makes recommendations to the full Board with respect to the types and amounts of compensation payable to the Directors for service on the Company’s Board, the boards of its Subsidiary banks and committees thereof. The Compensation Committee also consults with management and provides general oversight of the compensation and benefit programs and policies for employees. The Compensation Committee met five times in 2024 with one Committee member missing one meeting. For additional detail regarding executive compensation and the role of the Compensation Committee, see the Compensation Discussion and Analysis section.

•Governance Committee: Mr. Dake is the Chair of the Governance Committee; he has served in this role since 2017. The Governance Committee is specifically charged with establishing procedures with respect to the Director nomination process; reviewing and considering Director nominees, including incumbent nominees, and making recommendations to the Board regarding nominees; reviewing and recommending practices and policies related to the Company's environmental, social and corporate governance strategy; reviewing annually and reporting to the Board regarding the independence of Company Directors and satisfaction by the Board and committee members of applicable requirements or qualifications; reviewing annually and reporting to the Board regarding the performance of the Board; reviewing annually Director succession planning; reviewing periodically and making recommendations regarding Company codes of conduct and ethics policies for Directors, executive officers and employees and with respect to Board policy, including the Company's committee charters; reviewing Director training initiatives; and exercising general oversight of the Company’s Enterprise Risk Management program. The Governance Committee met five times in 2024, and all then-serving members attended each of these meetings.

•Executive Committee: The main purpose of the Executive Committee is to act on matters that may require immediate attention at a time when it is impractical or inconvenient to convene the entire Board. The Executive Committee has the full authority of the Board, subject to certain restrictions established by law or the Company’s governing documents. For example, the Committee is not authorized pursuant to the bylaws to make submissions to shareholders requiring shareholder approval, fill vacancies on the Board or any of its committees, fix compensation of the Board, make changes to the bylaws, or repeal any prior resolution of the Board. Because the Board believes proper governance involves the entire Board in the Company’s decision-making process, the Board strives to keep meetings of the Executive Committee to a minimum. The Executive Committee is currently comprised of the Board Chair and the Chairs of the three Board Committees. The Executive Committee did not meet in 2024.

Executive Session

In addition to regular Board and committee meetings, Directors meeting the general independence test under NASDAQ meet on occasion in Executive Session to discuss any matters deemed relevant to the Company’s operation and condition. No current members of management are in attendance during these sessions, which are chaired by the Board Chair. Generally, the Board Chair will poll independent Directors prior to or in connection with each Company Board meeting and, if there is a consensus to do so, an Executive Session will be held. Due to the expectation of confidentiality that characterize Executive Sessions, typically official records are not maintained during the Executive Sessions unless a binding corporate decision or action is taken. The independent Directors held five Executive Sessions in 2024.

Attendance

In 2024, the Board had four regularly scheduled meetings, three special Board meetings and 17 separate

committee meetings (five Compensation Committee meetings, seven Audit Committee meetings and five Governance Committee meetings.) One Director missed one regularly scheduled Board meeting and one Director missed one special Board meeting and all then-current Board members met the requirements of Item 402(b) of the SEC’s Regulation S-K by attending more than 75% of the meetings to which they were invited. Nine of the 10 then-current Directors attended the 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

Code of Ethics

The Governance Committee has adopted a Business Code of Ethics which applies to all Directors, officers and employees of both the Company and its Subsidiary banks. The Business Code of Ethics addresses a wide range of issues and is intended to satisfy the requirements for a code of conduct set forth in the listing standards issued by NASDAQ. Additionally, the Governance Committee has adopted a Financial Code of Ethics, which applies to the Company’s CEO, Chief Financial Officer ("CFO"), Principal Accounting Officer, Controller and any other officers who perform similar functions. The Financial Code of Ethics complies with the SEC’s requirements for a code of conduct established under Section 406 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules promulgated by the SEC thereunder.

Complete copies of each of the current charters of the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee and the Governance Committee, as well as copies of the Corporate Governance Guidelines, the Business Code of Ethics and the Financial Code of Ethics are available on our website at www.arrowfinancial.com/corporate/governance. The Company intends to post on that page any substantive amendment to, or waiver granted from, the Financial Code of Ethics or Business Code of Ethics that relates to any element of such code enumerated in Item 406(b) of Regulation S-K within four business days of such amendment or waiver.

Insider Trading Policy

The Company's Policy on Insider Trading, among other things, prohibits trading in the Company’s securities when in possession of material non-public information and restricts the ability of Directors and executive officers from transacting in the Company's securities during specific blackout periods, subject to certain limited exceptions, including transactions pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement that complies with the conditions of Exchange Act Rule 10b5-1. The Policy on Insider Trading is designed to promote compliance with insider trading laws, rules and regulations as well as applicable NASDAQ listing standards. The Company's officers and Directors are required to comply with the Company's Policy on Insider Trading at all times.

Director Independence:

Under applicable law and regulation, it is the responsibility of the Board to review and make a determination regarding the independence and qualifications of each member, as well as additional review and determination for members of certain committees.

Under the NASDAQ listing standards, a majority of the members of the full Board must meet a general independence requirement. The Board has determined that the following Company Directors met this requirement: Behan, Champion, Dake, Duffy, Kruczlnicki, Miller, Morris, O'Conor, Owens (prior to his retirement), Read and White. Director DeMarco is not independent due to his position as the Company President and CEO. Directors Casaccio and Dawsey are also not independent for the reasons noted below.

In making its independence determinations for individual Directors, the Board considers transactions and relationships between (i) the Company and its subsidiaries, and (ii) the Directors and/or their immediate family or any businesses they control. The Board considers the objective tests for Director independence set forth in the NASDAQ listing standards and other regulatory guidelines for such transactions and relationships, as well as a variety of subjective factors, including particular or unique relationships between the Company and the Director, even if such relationships do not exceed the specific dollar threshold that would disqualify such Director under applicable regulatory guidelines. In its review of Director independence at year-end 2024, the Board considered the following 2024 transactions between the Company and the following individual Directors:

•Ms. Casaccio is President and part-owner of JMZ Architects and Planners, PC ("JMZ"), an architectural firm located in Glens Falls, New York. In 2016, GFNB engaged JMZ to provide architectural, design and space utilization services for the four buildings located in downtown Glens Falls, New York that represent Arrow Bank's main campus. The project was completed in 2023. Although there were no 2024 payments to JMZ, in 2023 payments to JMZ totaled approximately $127,000, which prevents Ms. Casaccio from being

independent under the NASDAQ listing standards. Accordingly, Ms. Casaccio will not be deemed to be an independent director and will not serve on any of the Board’s committees. See “Related Party Transactions” later in this section for further information on these business transactions.

•Mr. Dake is President of Stewart’s Shops Corporation ("Stewart's"), a large, private company that owns and operates a regional chain of convenience stores. During 2024, the Company's Subsidiary banks paid approximately $154,000 to Stewart’s for rent and incidentals for leased space at market rates and other immaterial purchases. Additionally, in June 2024, Arrow entered into a sale-leaseback agreement with Stewart's Shops Corp. for a bank branch location. Arrow sold the property to Stewart's for $1.1 million. The sale transaction represents less than 0.01% of the annual gross revenue of Stewart’s, which approximates $2.5 billion. The subsequent lease agreement began in June 2024 and runs through May 2029, with monthly rent payments totaling $60,000 per year for the remainder of the lease. The Board has determined that the Company’s lease payments were well below the objective limits for general Director independence set forth in the NASDAQ listing standards and that the Company’s transactions with Stewart’s did not compromise his independence.

•Mr. Dawsey is the President and CEO of MLB Construction Services LLC. MLB Construction Services LLC served as the Company's general contractor leading the multi-year renovation project to enhance and improve the Company's downtown Glens Falls, New York Main Campus. During 2024, Arrow Bank, formerly GFNB, and SNB, prior to its merger with GFNB, paid $86,000 to this general contractor. However, payments of $2.8 million and $10.9 million were made to MLB in 2023 and 2022, respectively, which prevents Mr. Dawsey from being independent under the NASDAQ listing standards.

•Mr. Owens is Managing Partner at the law firm of Stafford, Owens, Piller, Murnane, Kelleher & Trombley, PLLC (“Stafford Owens”). Prior to Mr. Owens' June 2024 retirement from the Board, Stafford Owens received approximately $10,000 of total payments from certain bank loan customers in connection with its representation at loan closings. The Board determined that the total payments received by Stafford Owens from all sources in connection with the firm's representation of the bank prior to his 2024 retirement were well below the objective limits for general Director independence set forth in the NASDAQ listing standards and the relationship did not compromise Mr. Owens' independence through the date of his retirement.

There were no “Compensation Committee interlocks,” as defined under the SEC rules, in existence during fiscal year 2024. No member of the Compensation Committee is a current or former employee of the Company or any of its subsidiaries. No member of the Compensation Committee is party to any related party transactions with the Company requiring disclosure by the Company hereunder except Director Dake (see “Related Party Transactions” later in this section).

In addition to meeting NASDAQ general independence standards applicable to Directors, the Directors who serve on the Audit and/or Compensation Committees must meet certain additional independence or regulatory requirements, some of which may be more rigorous than the general standards. The Board has determined that Directors Champion, Kruczlnicki, Miller, Read and White, who constitute the Audit Committee, all meet the SEC’s more stringent independence requirements for Audit Committee members. The Board has also determined that Directors Kruczlnicki, Read and White each qualify as an “Audit Committee Financial Expert,” as defined by the SEC rules (not all Audit Committee members need to be financial experts). Further, the Board has determined that Directors Behan, Dake and Kruczlnicki, who constitute the Compensation Committee, all meet the independence requirements of NASDAQ and the SEC for Compensation Committee members.

Related Party Transactions:

Under the Company’s Statement of Policy with respect to Related Party Transactions, the Audit Committee or the Board itself must approve certain transactions or relationships between the Company and its “related parties,” including Directors and executive officers, as well as their immediate family members and controlled companies, if such transactions or relationships in any year will involve an aggregate dollar amount of goods, services or payments in excess of $120,000. Loans from Arrow Bank, formerly GFNB, and SNB, prior to its merger with GFNB, to Directors and executive officers, their families and controlled businesses and other related parties, are generally exempt from the above described preapproval policy, as most such loans are subject to Board preapproval under a separate federal banking law, Regulation O.

2024 Transactions with Related Parties

During 2024, several Directors and executive officers and/or their related parties had outstanding loans from one or both of Arrow Bank, formerly GFNB, and SNB, prior to its merger with GFNB, in amounts of $120,000 or more. All such loans were made in the ordinary course of business of the relevant bank, on the bank’s standard terms and conditions, and did not involve more than normal risk of collectability or present any other preferential features. As of February 28, 2025, none of these loans were classified by the Company as a non-accrual, past due, restructured or potential problem loan.

A summary of the transactions in 2024 between the Company and a related party that involved an aggregate dollar amount in excess of $120,000 follows:

Board Risk Oversight:

The Board has responsibility for the oversight of risk management within the Company. The Board and its committees regularly discuss and review with management the areas of material risk exposure, the potential impact of such risks on the Company, the steps taken to monitor Company exposure to these risks and the controls adopted to mitigate such risk exposure.

The Board Committees assist the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities throughout the year, as follows:

•Audit Committee: Reviews financial risk exposures by monitoring the independence and performance of the Company’s internal and external auditors, and the quality and integrity of the Company’s financial reporting process and systems of internal controls.

•Compensation Committee: Reviews all aspects of the compensation paid to executive officers, Directors and employees in general. The Committee assesses the ways, if any, in which any aspect of its executive compensation program may, as an unintended consequence, incentivize action or activities that expose the Company to inappropriate risks.

•Governance Committee: Focuses on the management of risks associated with Board organization, membership, structure and performance through its nomination process and Director independence assessment, its review of the organizational and governance structure of the Company and its periodic review of Board practices and policies concerning environmental, social and corporate governance.

In addition to these Board Committees, the Company has an Enterprise Risk Management (“ERM”) Committee at the senior management level to assist the Board by providing reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of the Company’s strategic objectives and to enhance the long-term value of the Company. The ERM Committee uses a Board-approved program that is applied both strategically and tactically, and is designed to identify, and manage on a holistic basis, potential and actual risks that may affect the Company. It is based on principles in the "Enterprise Risk Management – Integrated Framework," issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) and other regulatory guidance. The Board receives periodic reports from the ERM Committee, which is chaired by the Director of Compliance and Risk ("DoCR") and includes executive, senior and other designated managers as appropriate. The DoCR's primary function is to oversee risk management as well as regulatory and compliance requirements. The DoCR reports directly to the Chief Risk Officer. With regard to cyber risk, Arrow employs an in-depth, layered, defensive approach that leverages people, processes and technology to manage and maintain cybersecurity controls. The Board, Chief Information Officer, Director of Information Technology and our ERM Committee all have a role in the cybersecurity risk management program. The Company employs a variety of preventative and detective tools to monitor, block and provide alerts regarding suspicious activity, as well as to report on any suspected advanced persistent threats. Arrow has implemented and regularly reviews and updates extensive systems of internal controls and procedures as well as corporate

governance policies and procedures intended to protect its business operations, including the security and privacy of all confidential customer information.

Social Responsibility and Governance:

The Company remains committed to responsible business practices that create long-term value for its shareholders, customers, employees and communities. The Company believes these practices are critical to attracting and retaining the best talent, meeting the evolving needs of its customers and being good stewards of its communities.

The Company integrates corporate responsibility into its operations by fostering a strong governance framework, supporting community engagement and maintaining sound risk management practices.

Employees and Workplace Culture

Arrow strives to maintain a workplace that promotes professional growth, employee well-being and a culture of inclusion. Its policies and programs support career development, workplace safety, wellness and employee engagement to cultivate a rewarding and long-lasting work relationship.

Community Commitment

Arrow remains dedicated to strengthening the financial well-being of the communities we serve. One way Arrow cares for its communities is through our charitable contributions, partnerships and volunteerism. Since 2019, the Company and its team members have donated more than $3 million to non-profit organizations in its service area. The Company also engages in community development efforts through measurable and impactful employee volunteerism, financial literacy initiatives and strategic partnerships with local organizations to meet the financial needs of the low- to moderate-income population. To further assist the communities, Arrow has a lending program to facilitate first-time home ownership.

Environmental Considerations

The Company seeks to operate efficiently and responsibly, incorporating sustainability measures and complying with environmental regulations. This includes investments in energy-efficient infrastructure throughout its footprint and provides and encourages the use of digital banking solutions that reduce environmental impact.

Governance and Risk Management

Arrow maintains a strong corporate governance framework with independent board oversight, sound risk management and a commitment to data security and privacy. The Company adheres to rigorous compliance standards and proudly maintains a culture of accountability and ethical business practices.

Shareholder Communications With the Board of Directors:

Any shareholder communication that is sent generally to the Company or the Board is directed to the Corporate Secretary, who will review it and advise the Board of the communication. Any such shareholder communication that is directed to an individual Director, Directors or a committee of the Board will be forwarded by the Corporate Secretary to such Director(s) or committee. The Corporate Secretary will retain and make available all such communications for review by the appropriate parties and will periodically summarize and report all such shareholder communications to the Board. Shareholders may communicate to the Board, to an individual Director or Directors, or to a particular committee of the Board by directing such communication either by email to corporatesecretary@arrowbank.com or in writing to: Board of Directors – Shareholder Communications, c/o Corporate Secretary, Arrow Financial Corporation, 250 Glen Street, Glens Falls, New York 12801. If a shareholder intends such communication to be delivered to an individual Director, specific Directors, or particular committee of the Board, we request that this information be prominently displayed at the beginning of the communication.

Named Executive Officers

The Company's Named Executive Officers for 2024 were David S. DeMarco, President and CEO; Penko K. Ivanov, CFO, Senior Executive Vice President, Treasurer and Chief Accounting Officer ("CAO"); David D. Kaiser, Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Credit Officer ("CCO"), Andrew J. Wise, Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Risk Officer ("CRO") and Marc J. Yrsha, Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Banking Officer ("CBO").

Litigation

As previously disclosed in certain of the Company’s filings with the SEC, on June 23, 2023, Robert C. Ashe filed a putative class action complaint (the "Ashe Lawsuit") against the Company in the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York. In addition to the Company, the complaint names as defendants Thomas J. Murphy, the Company’s former CEO and from September 30, 2022 to February 20, 2023, its interim CFO, Edward J. Campanella, the Company’s former CFO, and Penko Ivanov, the Company’s current CFO (“Individual Defendants” and, together with the Company, the "Defendants"). The complaint alleges that the Defendants made materially false and misleading statements regarding the Company’s business, operations and compliance policies in the Company’s public filings between March 12, 2022 and May 12, 2023. The complaint further alleges that the Individual Defendants are liable for these materially false and misleading statements as "controlling persons" of the Company. Based on these allegations, the complaint brings two claims for violations of Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder and of Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act. Mr. Ashe, on behalf of a purported class of shareholders, seeks compensatory damages as well as recovery of the costs and fees associated with the litigation. On December 5, 2023, plaintiff Ashe filed an amended complaint that changed the putative class period to the period from August 5, 2022 through May 12, 2023, but challenged substantially the same statements on the same basis. On February 9, 2024, the Company moved to dismiss the action in its entirety. On June 7, 2024, the parties reached a settlement (subject to court approval). On February 13, 2025 the court approved the settlement, which did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial results or position and was fully recognized during 2023 and the first quarter of 2024.

On December 12, 2023 the Company became aware that Stephen Bull filed a complaint (the "Shareholder Derivative Complaint") on behalf of Arrow against the three Individual Defendants, as well as against all members of Arrow’s Board of Directors during the class period in Ashe. The Company is named solely as a nominal defendant in the action and would be the beneficiary of any recovery. The Shareholder Derivative Complaint alleges breaches of fiduciary duty (i) by the Ashe individual defendants based on substantially the same allegedly misleading statements pleaded in the Ashe complaint; and (ii) the Director defendants by failing to adequately oversee the individual defendants and maintain internal and disclosure controls. Plaintiffs seek (i) unspecified damages (which would be payable to the Company) for costs incurred as a result of the alleged misstatements, including costs of investigation, remediation, and litigation, (ii) repayment of the Director defendants’ compensation on an unjust enrichment theory, and (iii) an order directing the Company to take all necessary actions to reform and improve its corporate governance, and (iv) the recovery of costs and fees associated with the litigation. The Shareholder Derivative Complaint also asserts various federal securities claims based on the same alleged misrepresentations as set forth in the Ashe Lawsuit. The parties have reached a settlement in principle (subject to review and approval by the court) under which the Company has agreed to make certain adjustments to its governance structure and processes. The parties are continuing to negotiate final settlement terms. The agreed upon settlement is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial results or position.

Stock Ownership Information

Directors and Executive Officers:

The following table sets forth the beneficial ownership of the Company’s common stock, as defined under SEC rules, as of April 7, 2025, the record date for the 2025 Annual Meeting, for each Director, Director nominee and NEO of the Company, as well as for all Directors and executive officers as a group.

Beneficial ownership includes all shares of common stock for which the individual has sole or shared voting power or investment power and all shares that the individual has the right to acquire within 60 days of the record date through the exercise of any option, restricted stock, RSU, warrant or right. There were 16,670,684 shares of the Company's common stock outstanding as of that date.


Name	Number of Shares Owned (a)		Restricted Shares Vesting Within 60 Days	Options Exercisable Within 60 Days	Total Beneficial Ownership of Company Common Stock	Percent of Shares Outstanding (b)
Mark L. Behan	9,410		103	5,885	15,398	*
Tenée R. Casaccio	23,455		103	7,116	30,674	*
Gregory J. Champion	7,668		103	1,857	9,628	*
Gary C. Dake	62,677		103	5,921	68,701	*
James M. Dawsey	15,796		51	1,202	17,049	*
David S. DeMarco	42,981		1,028	35,561	79,570	*
Kristine D. Duffy	4,288	(c)	51	1,202	5,541	*
Penko Ivanov	724		428	—	1,152	*

David D. Kaiser	30,038	(d)	514	35,563	66,115	*
David G. Kruczlnicki	56,882		103	4,130	61,115	*
Elizabeth A. Miller	41,575	(e)	103	5,659	47,337	*
Philip C. Morris	4,274		103	1,202	5,579	*
Raymond F. O’Conor	29,705		103	3,530

SEC Form DEF 14A filed by Arrow Financial Corporation