UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2025

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________ to _________

Commission file number 001-41210

THARIMMUNE, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in charter)

Delaware

84-2642541

(State or jurisdiction of

Incorporation or organization)

I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.

34 Shrewsbury Ave, Suite 1C, Red Bank, NJ		07701
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip code)

(732) 889-3111

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class		Trading Symbol(s)		Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $0.0001 par value		THAR		The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Number of common shares outstanding as of August 11, 2025 was 4,635,251.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page No.
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2025 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2024	F-1

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 (Unaudited)	F-2

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 (Unaudited)	F-3

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 (Unaudited)	F-4

	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	F-5

ITEM 2.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	4

ITEM 3.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK	12

ITEM 4.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	13

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION		13

ITEM 1.	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS	13

ITEM 1A.	RISK FACTORS	13

ITEM 2.	UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS	13

ITEM 3.	DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES	14

ITEM 5.	OTHER INFORMATION	14

ITEM 6.	EXHIBITS	14

	SIGNATURES	15

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND INDUSTRY DATA

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements which are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). These statements may be identified by such forward-looking terminology as “may,” “should,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. Our forward-looking statements are based on a series of expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections about our company, are not guarantees of future results or performance and involve substantial risks and uncertainty. We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions or expectations disclosed in these forward-looking statements. Actual results or events could differ materially from the plans, intentions and expectations disclosed in these forward-looking statements. Our business and our forward-looking statements involve substantial known and unknown risks and uncertainties, including the risks and uncertainties inherent in our statements regarding:

	●	our projected financial position and estimated cash burn rate;

	●	our estimates regarding expenses, future revenues and capital requirements;

	●	our ability to continue as a going concern;

	●	our need to raise substantial additional capital to fund our operation;

	●	the success, cost and timing of our clinical trials;

	●	our dependence on third parties in the conduct of our clinical trials;

	●	our ability to obtain the necessary regulatory approvals to market and commercialize our product candidates;

	●	the impact of a health epidemic on our business, our clinical trials, our research programs, healthcare systems, or the global economy as a whole;

	●	the potential that results of pre-clinical and clinical trials indicate our current product candidates or any future product candidates we may seek to develop are unsafe or ineffective;

	●	the results of market research conducted by us or others;

	●	our ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection for our current and future product candidates;

	●	our ability to protect our intellectual property rights and the potential for us to incur substantial costs from lawsuits to enforce or protect our intellectual property rights;

	●	the possibility that a third party may claim we or our third-party licensors have infringed, misappropriated or otherwise violated their intellectual property rights and that we may incur substantial costs and be required to devote substantial time defending against claims against us;

	●	our reliance on third-party suppliers and manufacturers;

	●	the success of competing therapies and products that are or become available;

	●	our ability to expand our organization to accommodate potential growth and our ability to retain and attract key personnel;

	●	the potential for us to incur substantial costs resulting from product liability lawsuits against us and the potential for these product liability lawsuits to cause us to limit our commercialization of our product candidates;

	●	market acceptance of our product candidates, the size and growth of the potential markets for our current product candidates and any future product candidates we may seek to develop, and our ability to serve those markets;

	●	the successful development of our commercialization capabilities, including sales and marketing capabilities; and

	●	general business and economic conditions, such as inflationary pressures, geopolitical conditions and other trade barriers.

All of our forward-looking statements are as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q only. In each case, actual results may differ materially from such forward-looking information. We can give no assurance that such expectations or forward-looking statements will prove to be correct. An occurrence of, or any material adverse change in, one or more of the risk factors or risks and uncertainties referred to in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or included in our other public disclosures or our other periodic reports or other documents or filings filed with or furnished to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) could materially and adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. Except as required by law, we do not undertake or plan to update or revise any such forward-looking statements to reflect actual results, changes in plans, assumptions, estimates or projections or other circumstances affecting such forward-looking statements occurring after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, even if such results, changes or circumstances make it clear that any forward-looking information will not be realized. Any public statements or disclosures by us following this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that modify or impact any of the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q will be deemed to modify or supersede such statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may include market data and certain industry data and forecasts, which we may obtain from internal company surveys, market research, consultant surveys, publicly available information, reports of governmental agencies and industry publications, articles and surveys. Industry surveys, publications, consultant surveys and forecasts generally state that the information contained therein has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but the accuracy and completeness of such information is not guaranteed. While we believe that such studies and publications are reliable, we have not independently verified market and industry data from third-party sources.

THARIMMUNE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

	June 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
	(Unaudited)

ASSETS

Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,241,980		$	3,559,361
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		196,018			45,263
Deferred offering costs		92,168			117,000

Total current assets		2,530,166			3,721,624

Total assets	$	2,530,166		$	3,721,624

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	770,610		$	1,089,666
Accrued expenses		1,057,941			1,324,316
Insurance premium financing liability		84,540			-
Note payable		249,716			-

Total current liabilities		2,162,807			2,413,982

Total liabilities		2,162,807			2,413,982

Commitments and contingencies (see Note 5)		-

Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024		-			-
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 250,000,000 shares authorized, 4,221,166 shares and 1,973,999 shares issued and 4,220,920 shares and 1,973,753 shares outstanding as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively		422			198
Additional paid-in capital		41,734,853			38,278,503
Accumulated deficit		(41,297,951	)		(36,901,094	)
Treasury stock, at cost, 246 shares held in treasury as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024		(69,965	)		(69,965	)

Total stockholders’ equity		367,359			1,307,642

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	2,530,166		$	3,721,624

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

F-1

THARIMMUNE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(UNAUDITED)

	2025			2024			2025			2024
	For the Three Months Ended June 30,						For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025			2024			2025			2024

Operating expenses
Research and development	$	546,204		$	999,553		$	1,140,274		$	2,024,811
General and administrative		1,304,956			1,373,901			3,257,555			2,695,946

Total operating expenses		1,851,160			2,373,454			4,397,829			4,720,757

Loss from operations		(1,851,160	)		(2,373,454	)		(4,397,829	)		(4,720,757	)

Other income (expense)
Interest expense		(6,161	)		(5,217	)		(14,632	)		(9,917	)
Interest income		2,168			53,614			15,604			149,508

Total other income (expense), net		(3,993	)		48,397			972			139,591

Net loss	$	(1,855,153	)	$	(2,325,057	)	$	(4,396,857	)	$	(4,581,166	)

Net loss per share:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.64	)	$	(2.42	)	$	(1.61	)	$	(4.96	)

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding*:
Basic and diluted		2,877,327			962,149			2,725,863			923,916

*	Amounts have been retroactively restated to reflect the 1-for-15 reverse stock split effectuated on May 24, 2024 (See Note 2 to the condensed consolidated financial statements).

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

F-2

THARIMMUNE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2025 AND 2024 (UNAUDITED)

	Shares		Amount		Capital			Deficit			Shares		Amount			Total
					Additional
	Common Stock				Paid-in			Accumulated			Treasury Stock
	Shares		Amount		Capital			Deficit			Shares		Amount			Total

For the three months ended June 30, 2024:

Balance, March 31, 2024*		888,054	$	90	$	34,078,917		$	(26,959,635	)		246	$	(69,965	)	$	7,049,407

Private investment in public equity offering, net of issuance costs of $268,250		207,292		21		1,815,890			-			-		-			1,815,911

Net loss		-		-		-			(2,325,057	)		-		-			(2,325,057	)

Stock based compensation		-		-		153,647			-			-		-			153,647

Balance, June 30, 2024		1,095,346	$	111	$	36,048,454		$	(29,284,692	)		246	$	(69,965	)	$	6,693,908

For the six months ended June 30, 2024:

Balance, December 31, 2023*		884,720	$	89	$	33,904,749		$	(24,703,526	)		246	$	(69,965	)	$	9,131,347


Stock issuance pursuant to services agreement		3,334		1		20,549			-			-		-			20,550

Private investment in public equity offering, net of issuance costs of $268,250		207,292		21		1,815,890			-			-		-			1,815,911

Net loss		-		-		-			(4,581,166	)		-		-			(4,581,166	)

Stock based compensation		-		-		307,266			-			-		-			307,266

Balance, June 30, 2024		1,095,346	$	111	$	36,048,454		$	(29,284,692	)		246	$	(69,965	)	$	6,693,908

For the three months ended June 30, 2025:

Balance, March 31, 2025		2,108,999	$	211	$	38,697,881		$	(39,442,798	)		246	$	(69,965	)	$	(814,671	)

Private investment in public equity offering, net of issuance costs of $240,000		1,551,351		155		2,259,845			-			-		-			2,260,000

At-the-market offerings, net of issuance costs		163,359		16		219,531			-			-		-			219,547

Cashless exercise of pre-funded warrants		391,157		39		(39	)		-			-		-			-

Issuance costs related to Form S-8 Options Registration Statement		-		-		(10,000	)		-			-		-			(10,000	)

Stock issuance pursuant to termination agreement		6,300		1		8,252			-			-		-			8,253

Net loss		-		-		-			(1,855,153	)		-		-			(1,855,153	)

Stock based compensation		-		-		559,383			-			-		-			559,383

Balance, June 30, 2025		4,221,166	$	422	$	41,734,853		$	(41,297,951	)		246	$	(69,965	)	$	367,359

For the six months ended June 30, 2025:

Balance, December 31, 2024		1,973,999	$	198	$	38,278,503		$	(36,901,094	)		246	$	(69,965	)	$	1,307,642
Balance		1,973,999	$	198	$	38,278,503		$	(36,901,094	)		246	$	(69,965	)	$	1,307,642

Private investment in public equity offering, net of issuance costs of $240,000		1,551,351		155		2,259,845			-			-		-			2,260,000
Private investment in public equity offering, net of issuance costs		1,551,351		155		2,259,845			-			-		-			2,260,000

At-the-market offerings, net of issuance costs		163,359		16		219,531			-			-		-			219,547

Cashless exercise of pre-funded warrants		491,157		49		(49	)		-			-		-			-

Stock issuance pursuant to bonus liability		-		-		200,212			-			-		-			200,212

Restricted stock unit issuance pursuant to service agreement		35,000		3		(3	)		-			-		-			-

Issuance costs related to Form S-8 Options Registration Statement		-		-		(10,000	)		-			-		-			(10,000	)

Stock issuance pursuant to termination agreement		6,300		1		8,252			-			-		-			8,253

Net loss		-		-		-			(4,396,857	)		-		-			(4,396,857	)

Stock based compensation		-		-		778,562			-			-		-			778,562

Balance, June 30, 2025		4,221,166	$	422	$	41,734,853		$	(41,297,951	)		246	$	(69,965	)	$	367,359
Balance		4,221,166	$	422	$	41,734,853		$	(41,297,951	)		246	$	(69,965	)	$	367,359

*	Amounts have been retroactively restated to reflect the 1-for-15 reverse stock split effectuated on May 24, 2024 (See Note 2 to the condensed consolidated financial statements).

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

F-3

THARIMMUNE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

	2025			2024
	For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025			2024

Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(4,396,857	)	$	(4,581,166	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Stock based compensation		778,562			307,266
Stock issuance pursuant to termination agreement		8,253			-
Stock issuance pursuant to services agreement		-			20,550
Increase in operating assets:
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(150,755	)		(290,579	)
Increase (decrease) in operating liabilities:
Accounts payable		(4,571	)		(133,548	)
Accrued expenses		(66,163	)		(327,007	)

Net cash used in operating activities		(3,831,531	)		(5,004,484	)

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		-			-

Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon private investment in public equity offering		2,500,000			2,084,161
Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon at-the-market offerings		266,625			-
Payment of deferred offering costs		(272,246	)		(319,250	)
Proceeds from insurance premium financing liability		285,178			393,960
Repayment of insurance premium financing liability		(200,638	)		(193,912	)
Repayment of note payable		(64,769	)		-

Net cash provided by financing activities		2,514,150			1,964,959

Net decrease in cash		(1,317,381	)		(3,039,525	)

Cash, beginning of period		3,559,361			10,935,352

Cash, end of period	$	2,241,980		$	7,895,827

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash financing activities:
Unpaid deferred financing costs	$	-		$	9,000

Amortization of deferred offering costs from ATM offering	$	24,832		$	-

Reduction of premium related to insurance premium financing	$	101,102		$	-

Issuance of note payable for settlement of previously incurred professional fees	$	314,485		$	-

Issuance of options to settle liability	$	200,212		$	-

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

F-4

THARIMMUNE, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Note 1 – Description of Business and Liquidity

Nature of Operations

Tharimmune, Inc. (formerly, Hillstream BioPharma, Inc.) (“Tharimmune” or the “Company”) was incorporated on March 28, 2017, as a Delaware C-corporation. At June 30, 2025, Tharimmune had one wholly-owned subsidiary: Hillstream Oncology, Inc. (“Hillstream Oncology”), formerly, HB Pharma Corp.

Tharimmune is a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing therapeutic candidates in immunology and inflammation conditions with high unmet need. On November 3, 2023, the Company entered into a patent license agreement (the “Avior License Agreement”) with Avior Inc. d/b/a Avior Bio, LLC (“Avior”) pursuant to which it received an exclusive sublicensable right and license to Licensed Patent Rights and Licensed Technology to, among other things, Develop, have Developed, make, have made, use, sell, import, export and commercialize TH104 and TH103) and to practice the Licensed Technology in connection with the foregoing, throughout the world (each as defined in the Avior License Agreement). In February 2023, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) approved an investigational new drug (“IND”) application for TH104. TH104 has a dual mechanism of action by affecting multiple receptors, known to suppress chronic, debilitating pruritus or “uncontrollable itching.” With respect to TH104, the Company originally intended to first seek approval for the treatment of moderate to severe chronic pruritus in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (“PBC”), an orphan rare form of liver disease with no known cure in which more than 70% of patients suffer from debilitating chronic pruritic. The Company engaged and received positive feedback in March 2025 from the FDA regarding the additional proposed indication of temporary prophylaxis of respiratory and/or nervous system depression in military personnel and chemical incident responders entering an area contaminated with high-potency opioids (“PrHPO”), for which it submitted a Pre-Investigational New Drug Application (“PIND”). With respect to the PIND for this additional proposed indication for TH104, the Company received positive feedback from the FDA regarding a regulatory pathway that will allow it to submit a 505(b)(2) New Drug Application (“NDA”) for TH104. The FDA advised that the Company will need to perform additional nonclinical studies (i.e., in vitro toxicology studies), but the FDA confirmed that it does not believe any additional clinical trials will be required to define the prophylactic dosing window prior to IND or NDA submission for this indication, which the Company expects will be the lead program. The Company intends to pursue the pruritus in PBC indication subsequent to the nearer term opportunity of filing an NDA for PrHPO. the Company intends to conduct a capital efficient strategy to file an NDA for PrHPO, which involves actively progressing its Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls (“CMC”) plan to meet the stringent requirements for filing an NDA with the FDA. This comprehensive plan encompasses all aspects of the manufacturing process, quality control measures, and product stability to ensure the consistent production of a high-quality buccal film formulation known as TH104.

On September 11, 2024, Tharimmune entered into a Patent License Agreement (the “Intract Agreement”) with Intract Pharma Limited (“Intract”), pursuant to which, the Company exclusively licensed INT-023/TH023, an oral anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) monoclonal antibody infliximab. Infliximab is a purified, recombinant DNA-derived chimeric IgG monoclonal antibody protein that contains both murine and human components that inhibit tumor TNF-α. Under the terms of the Intract Agreement, the Company licensed global development and commercialization rights (outside of South Korea) to Intract’s Soteria® and Phloral® delivery platform along with an existing supply agreement for infliximab to be used in the oral product development program.

The Company has developed an early-stage pipeline of novel therapeutic candidates targeting validated high value immuno-oncology (“IO”) targets including human epidermal growth factor (“EGF”) receptor 2 (“HER2”), human EGF receptor 3 (“HER3”) and programmed cell death protein 1 (“PD-1”). The Company is developing antibodies including bispecific antibodies and small molecular weight bovine-derived “knob” domains which have the potential to target and bind more tightly to “undruggable” epitopes differently than full sized antibodies. The Company is advancing HS1940, a bispecific biologic against both PD-1 and vascular endothelial growth receptor (“VEGF”) antibody which targets both receptors. We have also developed HS3215, a bispecific antibody against both HER2 and HER3 which targets a novel “bridging epitope” encompassing multiple domains of the HER2 extracellular domain (“ECD”) as well as ligand-dependent and independent blocking of the ECD of HER3.

In addition, on May 23, 2024, HB Pharma Corp. filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware pursuant to which it changed its name to Hillstream Oncology, Inc. effective as of May 23, 2024.

F-5

Liquidity and Going Concern

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the basis that the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates, among other things, the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company incurred operating losses in the amount of approximately $4.4 million, expended approximately $3.8 million in net cash used in operating activities, and had an accumulated deficit of approximately $41.3 million as of June 30, 2025. Through June 30, 2025, the Company has primarily financed its operations through public and private offerings of its equity securities. On June 7, 2024, the Company filed a Registration Statement on Form S-3 with the SEC using a “shelf” registration process pursuant to which, under an at-the-market offering agreement (the “ATM Agreement”), the Company may sell, from time to time through the applicable sales manager, shares of common stock in one or more offerings up to a total dollar amount of $1.65 million. Pursuant to the ATM Agreement, the Company has sold 203,359 shares for net proceeds of approximately $0.3 million, after deducting commissions of $15,506 and other offering fees of $41,952. Further, on June 17, 2024, December 9, 2024, and June 13, 2025, the Company closed private placement offerings (the “June 2024 PIPE Offering,” “December 2024 PIPE Offering” and “June 2025 PIPE Offering,” respectively) with certain accredited investors of shares of the Company’s common stock and/or pre-funded warrants to acquire shares of the Company’s common stock and warrants to acquire shares of the Company’s common stock, with combined net proceeds to the Company of approximately $5.9 million. See Note 4 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for details regarding the various offerings.

Based on the Company’s limited operating history, recurring negative cash flows from operations, current plans and available resources, the Company will need substantial additional funding to support future operating activities. The Company has concluded that the prevailing conditions and ongoing liquidity risks faced raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for at least one year following the date these condensed consolidated financial statements are issued. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

The Company may seek to raise additional funding through the sale of additional equity or debt securities, enter into strategic partnerships, grants, or other arrangements or a combination of the foregoing to support its future operations; however, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain additional capital on terms acceptable to the Company, on a timely basis or at all. The failure to obtain sufficient additional funding could adversely affect the Company’s ability to achieve its business objectives and product development timelines and may result in the Company delaying or terminating clinical trial activities which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations.

Other Risks and Uncertainties

There can be no assurance that the Company’s products, if approved, will be accepted in the marketplace, nor can there be any assurance that any future products can be developed or manufactured at an acceptable cost and with appropriate performance characteristics, or that such products will be successfully marketed, if at all. The Company is subject to risks common to biopharmaceutical and biotechnology companies including, but not limited to, the development of new technological innovations, dependence on key personnel, protection of proprietary technology, compliance with government regulations, product liability, uncertainty of market acceptance of products and the need to obtain additional financing. The Company is dependent on third party suppliers. The Company’s products require approval or clearance from the FDA prior to commencing commercial sales in the United States. Approvals or clearances are also required in foreign jurisdictions in which the Company may license or sell its products. There can be no assurance that the Company’s products will receive all of the required approvals or clearances.

F-6

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

These accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared by the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim financial reporting. These condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and, in the opinion of management, include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments and accruals) necessary for a fair statement of the balance sheet, operating results, and cash flows for the periods presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). Operating results for the six months ended June 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2025 or any other future period. Certain information and footnote disclosure normally included in the annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been omitted in accordance with the SEC’s rules and regulations for interim reporting. The Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows are presented in U.S. Dollars. These condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and related notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2024 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 26, 2025.

The Company operates in one segment and the Company’s Chief Executive Officer serves as the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”). The CODM uses net loss, as reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements, to monitor budget versus actual results and allocate resources. The CODM is regularly provided with financial information, including expenses, in a format consistent with the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The CODM does not review assets at a different level than those disclosed in the consolidated balance sheet.

Reverse Stock Splits

On May 24, 2024, the Company effectuated a reverse split of shares of its common stock at a ratio of 1-for-15 pursuant to an amendment to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), filed with the Delaware Secretary of State and approved by the Company’s board of directors and stockholders. The par value of the Company’s common stock was not adjusted as a result of this or any prior reverse split. All issued and outstanding common stock share and per share amounts contained in the condensed consolidated financial statements have been retroactively adjusted to reflect this and any prior reverse splits for all periods presented.

Principles of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Tharimmune and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Hillstream Oncology. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on assumptions believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The estimation process often may yield a range of potentially reasonable estimates of the ultimate future outcomes, and management must select an amount that falls within that range of reasonable estimates. Areas of the condensed consolidated financial statements where estimates may have the most significant effect include research and development expense recognition, valuation of common shares and share-based compensation, allowances of deferred tax assets, valuation of debt related instruments, and cash flow assumptions regarding going concern considerations. Although management believes the estimates that have been used are reasonable, actual results could vary from the estimates that were used.

Concentration of Credit Risk

The Company maintains cash balances with various financial institutions. Account balances at these institutions are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) up to $250,000 per depositor. At various times during the year, bank account balances may have been in excess of federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced losses in such accounts. The Company believes that it is not subject to unusual credit risk beyond the normal credit risk associated with commercial banking relationships.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents, if any, are stated at cost and consist primarily of money market accounts.

F-7

Research and Development

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses include personnel costs associated with research and development activities, including third-party contractors to perform research, conduct clinical trials, and manufacture drug supplies and materials. The Company accrues for costs incurred by external service providers, including contract research organizations and clinical investigators, based on its estimates of service performed and costs incurred. These estimates include the level of services performed by third parties, patient enrollment in clinical trials, administrative costs incurred by third parties, and other indicators of the services completed.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company recognizes compensation costs resulting from the issuance of stock-based awards to employees, non-employees, and directors as an expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations over the requisite service period based on a measurement of fair value for each stock-based award. The fair value of common stock issued pursuant to termination agreements as well as restricted stock or restricted stock units is generally measured as the grant-date price of the Company’s common stock. The fair value of each option grant to employees, non-employees, and directors is estimated as of the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, net of actual forfeitures. The fair value is amortized as compensation cost on the straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the awards, which is generally the vesting period.

Prior to January 12, 2022, the Company was a private company and the Company’s common stock has only been publicly traded since that date. As a result, the Company has limited company-specific historical and implied volatility information. Therefore, it has estimated its expected stock volatility based on the historical data of a publicly traded set of peer companies. The expected term of stock options granted was between five and seven years. The risk-free interest rate was determined by reference to the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for time periods approximately equal to the expected term of the award.

Fair Value Measurements

The Company applies Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement (“ASC 820”), which establishes a framework for measuring fair value and clarifies the definition of fair value within that framework. ASC 820 defines fair value as an exit price, which is the price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the Company’s principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy established in ASC 820 generally requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. Observable inputs reflect the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and are developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity. Unobservable inputs reflect the entity’s own assumptions based on market data and the entity’s judgments about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and are to be developed based on the best information available in the circumstances.

The carrying value of the Company’s cash, prepaid expenses, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate fair value because of the short-term maturity of these financial instruments.

The valuation hierarchy is composed of three levels. The classification within the valuation hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The levels within the valuation hierarchy are described below:

	Level 1 Inputs: Observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.

	Level 2 Inputs: Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for assets or liabilities recently traded in active markets, with similar underlying terms, as well as direct or indirect observable inputs, such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals, as well as quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active.

Level 3 Inputs: Unobservable inputs, such as estimates, assumptions, and valuation techniques when little or no market data exists for the assets or liabilities, that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions.

F-8

Deferred Offering Costs

Deferred offering costs consists primarily of legal, accounting, underwriters’ fees, printing, and filing fees that are incurred prior to an offering of the Company’s common stock and are initially capitalized and then subsequently reclassified to additional paid-in capital upon completion of the offering. If an offering is not completed, any associated offering costs will be expensed immediately upon termination of the offering. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were $92,168 and $117,000, respectively, in deferred offering costs associated with the ATM Agreement.

Insurance Premium Financing Liability

In January 2024, the Company entered into an insurance premium financing agreement for $492,450, with a term of 10 months and an annual interest rate of 7.5%. The Company made a down payment of $98,490 and was required to make monthly principal and interest payments of $40,763 over the term of the agreement, which matured in November 2024.

In January 2025, the Company entered into an insurance premium financing agreement for $386,280, with a term of 10 months and an annual interest rate of 7.15%. The Company made a down payment of $77,356 and was required to make monthly principal and interest payments of $31,914 over the term of the agreement, which matures in November 2025. During the quarter ended June 30, 2025, the Company reduced its insurance coverage, effectively reducing premiums. The Company received a refund of $101,102, which was applied against the insurance premium financing agreement. As a result, monthly principal and interest payments were reduced to $17,471. Prepaid insurance at June 30, 2025 of $125,740 after reduction of the total premium, is included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.

Retirement Plan

The Company has a 401(k) defined contribution plan which covers all employees that meet the plan’s eligibility requirements. Eligible employees may contribute a percentage of their salary subject to certain limitations. The Company makes a discretionary match which is currently equal to 3% of employee contributions. Total company contributions to the plan were $3,808 and $15,548 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively, and $0 and $337 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset-and-liability method in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”). Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards.

Deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax effect of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amount of assets and liabilities and the amounts used for income tax purposes and for certain changes in valuation allowances. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce certain deferred tax assets when, in management’s estimation, it is more-likely-than-not that a tax benefit will not be realized. A full valuation allowance has been recognized for all periods since it is more-likely-than-not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized in future periods.

The Company follows the guidance in FASB ASC Subtopic 740-10 in assessing uncertain tax positions. The standard applies to all tax positions and clarifies the recognition of tax benefits in the financial statements by providing for a two-step approach of recognition and measurement. The first step involves assessing whether the tax position is more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination based upon its technical merits. The second step involves measurement of the amount to be recognized. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not threshold are measured at the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate finalization with the taxing authority. The Company recognizes the impact of an uncertain income tax position in the financial statements if it believes that the position is more-likely-than-not to be sustained by the relevant taxing authority. The Company will recognize interest and penalties related to tax positions in income tax expense. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had no unrecognized uncertain income tax positions, and therefore no amounts have been recognized in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

F-9

Net Loss per Share

The Company reports loss per share in accordance with FASB ASC Subtopic 260-10, Earnings Per Share, which provides for calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share. Basic earnings per share includes no dilution and is computed by dividing net income or loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution of securities that could share in the earnings of an entity. The calculation of diluted net earnings (loss) per share gives effect to common stock equivalents; however, potential common shares are excluded if their effect is anti-dilutive.

Potentially dilutive securities not included in the computation of loss per share for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 included options to purchase 242,206 and 6,102 shares of common stock, respectively, and 35,000 and 0 restricted stock units subject to vesting, respectively. Other potentially dilutive securities not included in the computation of loss per share for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 included warrants to purchase 500 shares of the Company’s common stock related to the Company’s initial public offering (the “IPO”); warrants to purchase 424 and 20,000 shares of the Company’s common stock issued in the Company’s May 2023 and November 2023 offerings, respectively; pre-funded warrants to purchase 83,063 shares of the Company’s common stock issued in the June 2024 PIPE Offering; warrants to purchase 480,721 and 329,771 shares of the Company’s common stock issued in the December 2024 PIPE Offering and June 2024 PIPE Offering, respectively; warrants to purchase 19,786 shares of the Company’s common stock issued to the placement agents in the June 2024 PIPE Offering; and warrants to purchase 2,533,759 shares of the Company’s common stock issued in the June 2025 PIPE Offering. All common share amounts as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 and per share amounts for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 have been retroactively adjusted to reflect a 1-for-15 reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock effectuated on May 24, 2024.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

The Company has evaluated all recent accounting pronouncements that were required to be adopted or are required to be adopted in the near future and believes that none of them will have a material effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Note 3 – Note Payable

The Company issued a promissory note in the amount of $333,265 to satisfy an outstanding amount owed to its prior attorney. The promissory note is payable in monthly installments of $24,000 through December 2025, with a final payment of $93,265. No interest is due on the outstanding balance of the note payable. However, following an event of default, the note shall accrue interest at 3.7% on the outstanding balance and the balance shall be immediately due in full.

As the promissory note does not have an interest component, imputed interest at 10%, using the prime rate plus an additional estimated factor related to the Company’s credit rating, was calculated and the note payable is recorded at the present value of the total payments, including the forgivable portion. The balance, at net present value, is $249,716 at June 30, 2025, and is considered current.

Note 4 – Common Stock

Pursuant to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, the Company has 250,000,000 shares of common stock authorized for issuance. On May 24, 2024, the Company effectuated a reverse split of shares of its common stock at a ratio of 1-for-15 pursuant to an amendment to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation filed with the Delaware Secretary of State and approved by the Company’s board of directors and stockholders. The par value of the Company’s common stock was not adjusted as a result of this or any prior reverse stock split.

F-10

On January 24, 2024, pursuant to a corporate advisory consulting agreement, the Company issued 3,334 shares of its common stock with a per share value of $6.16, representing total compensation expense of $20,550 (as calculated based on the closing value of the Company’s common stock at the effective issuance date).

On June 7, 2024, the Company entered into the ATM Agreement with Rodman & Renshaw LLC (the “ATM Sales Manager”) under which the Company may sell, from time to time through the ATM Sales Manager, shares of common stock in one or more offerings up to a total dollar amount of $1.65 million. Sales of shares of the Company’s common stock through the ATM Sales Manager, if any, will be made by any method permitted by law deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), including, without limitation, sales made directly on the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC or any other existing trading market for the common shares. The Company’s common stock is being offered and sold pursuant to the Company’s effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3 and an accompanying prospectus declared effective by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 24, 2023, and pursuant to a prospectus supplement dated June 7, 2024.

On June 21, 2024, the Company closed a private placement offering with certain accredited investors of $2.08 million of the Company’s securities consisting of shares of the Company’s common stock and/or pre-funded warrants to acquire shares of the Company’s common stock and warrants to acquire shares of the Company’s common stock. Pursuant to the June 2024 PIPE Offering, the Company issued 207,292 shares of its common stock at an offering price of $3.16 per share, pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 452,253 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “June 2024 Pre-Funded Warrants”), and warrants to purchase up to 329,771 shares of the Company’s common stock, exercisable at $3.09 per share (the “June 2024 PIPE Warrants”). Net proceeds to the Company from the June 2024 PIPE Offering were approximately $1.8 million, after deducting approximately $268,000 in offering costs. In addition, the Company issued placement agent warrants to purchase up to 19,786 shares of the Company’s common stock, exercisable at $3.09 per share (the “June 2024 Placement Agent Warrants”).

On December 9, 2024, the Company closed an additional private placement offering with certain accredited investors of $2.02 million of the Company’s securities consisting of shares of the Company’s common stock and/or pre-funded warrants to acquire shares of the Company’s common stock and warrants to acquire shares of the Company’s common stock. Pursuant to the December 2024 PIPE Offering, the Company issued 470,289 shares of its common stock at an offering price of $2.101 per share, pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 491,157 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “December 2024 Pre-Funded Warrants”), exercisable at $0.001 per share, and warrants to purchase up to 480,721 shares of the Company’s common stock, exercisable at $2.031 per share (the “December 2024 PIPE Warrants”). Net proceeds to the Company from the December 2024 PIPE Offering were approximately $

SEC Form 10-Q filed by Tharimmune Inc.