UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2025

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File No. 001-41048

INTEGRATED RAIL AND RESOURCES ACQUISITION CORP.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware		86-2581754
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

400 W. Morse Boulevard, Suite 220

Winter Park, FL 32789

(Address of Principal Executive Offices, including zip code)

(321) 972-1583

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Units, each consisting of one share of Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, and one-half of one redeemable warrant	OTC Pink: IRRXU	N/A
Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share	OTC Pink: IRRX	N/A
Redeemable warrants	OTC Pink: IRRXW	N/A

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act): Yes ☒ No ☐

As of May 20, 2025, there were 5,976,380 shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share issued and outstanding.

INTEGRATED RAIL AND RESOURCE ACQUISITION CORP.
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1:	Consolidated Financial Statements	1
	Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2025 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2024	1
	Unaudited Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024	2
	Unaudited Consolidated Condensed Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Deficit for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024	3
	Unaudited Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024	4
	Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements (Unaudited)	5
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	31
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	42
Item 4.	Control and Procedures	42

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION		43

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	43
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	43
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	43
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	43
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	43
Item 5.	Other Information	43
Item 6.	Exhibits	44
SIGNATURES		45

INTEGRATED RAIL AND RESOURCES ACQUISITION CORP.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

	March 31, 2025 (Unaudited)			December 31, 2024
Assets
Current Assets:
Cash	$	224,204		$	39,938
Total Current Assets		224,204			39,938
Investments held in Trust Account		3,421,932			3,237,676
Total Assets	$	3,646,136		$	3,277,614

Liabilities, Class A Common Stock Subject to Possible Redemption and Stockholders’ Deficit
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	2,618,503		$	2,594,035
Accrued franchise tax		29,971			23,571
Accrued excise tax		2,937,587			2,649,197
Income taxes payable		284,369			278,518
Advances from related parties		100,770			100,770
Note Payable—Sponsor		5,393,225			5,393,225
Note Payable—related party		1,729,710			390,710
Convertible promissory note, net of debt discount		1,417,154			1,255,062
Conversion event liability		697,543			684,887
Working Capital Loan—related party		17,935			17,935
Total Current Liabilities		15,226,767			13,387,910
Warrant liabilities		6,061,000			4,180,000
Deferred underwriting fee payable		8,050,000			8,050,000
Total Liabilities		29,337,767			25,617,910

Commitments and Contingencies (Note 5)
Class A Common Stock subject to possible redemption. 249,659 shares are at redemption value of approximately $13.28 and $12.61 per share at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.		3,315,008			3,148,662

Stockholders’ Deficit:
Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding		—			—
Class A Common Stock, $0.0001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized, 5,750,000 shares issued and outstanding (excluding 249,659 shares subject to possible redemption) at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024		575			575
Class B Common Stock, $0.0001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding		—			—
Accumulated deficit		(29,007,214	)		(25,489,533	)
Total Stockholders’ Deficit		(29,006,639	)		(25,488,958	)

Total Liabilities, Class A Common Stock Subject to Possible Redemption and Stockholders’ Deficit	$	3,646,136		$	3,277,614

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements.

INTEGRATED RAIL AND RESOURCES ACQUISITION CORP.

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025			2024
EXPENSES
Operating expenses	$	1,035,602		$	272,128
Loss from Operations		(1,035,602	)		(272,128	)

Other (Expense) Income
Interest and income earned on cash and trust investments		34,256			674,258
Interest expense		(162,092	)		—
Change in fair value of conversion event feature		(12,656	)		—
Excise tax interest and penalties		(288,390	)		—
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities		(1,881,000	)		2,048,200
Total Other (Expense) Income, net		(2,309,882	)		2,722,458

(Loss) income before provision for income taxes		(3,345,484	)		2,450,330
Provision for income taxes		(5,851	)		(157,804	)
Net (Loss) Income	$	(3,351,335	)	$	2,292,526

Weighted average shares outstanding of redeemable Class A Common Stock		249,659			3,875,612
Basic and diluted net (loss) income per share, redeemable Class A Common Stock	$	(0.56	)	$	0.24
Weighted average shares outstanding of non-redeemable Class A and Class B Common Stock		5,750,000			5,750,000
Basic and diluted net (loss) income per share, non-redeemable Class A and Class B Common Stock	$	(0.56	)	$	0.24

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements.

INTEGRATED RAIL AND RESOURCES ACQUISITION CORP.

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
	Common Stock								Additional					Total
	Class A				Class B				Paid-In		Accumulated			Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital		Deficit			Deficit
Balance – January 1, 2025		5,750,000	$	575		—	$	—	$	—	$	(25,489,533	)	$	(25,488,958	)
Remeasurement of Common Stock subject to redemption		—		—		—		—		—		(166,346	)		(166,346	)
Net loss		—		—		—		—		—		(3,351,335	)		(3,351,335	)
Balance – March 31, 2025		5,750,000	$	575		—	$	—	$	—	$	(29,007,214	)	$	(29,006,639	)

	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Common Stock								Additional					Total
	Class A				Class B				Paid-In		Accumulated			Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital		Deficit			Deficit
Balance – January 1, 2024		—	$	—		5,750,000	$	575	$	—	$	(18,120,810	)	$	(18,120,235	)
Accrued excise tax on Common Stock redemptions		—		—		—		—		—		(509,757	)		(509,757	)
Remeasurement of Common Stock subject to redemption		—		—		—		—		—		(791,449	)		(791,449	)
Net income		—		—		—		—		—		2,292,526			2,292,526
Balance – March 31, 2024		—	$	—		5,750,000	$	575		—	$	(17,129,490	)	$	(17,128,915	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements.

INTEGRATED RAIL AND RESOURCES ACQUISITION CORP.

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025			2024
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net (loss) income	$	(3,351,335	)	$	2,292,526
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to cash used in operating activities:
Change in fair value of conversion event liability		12,656			—
Interest expense		162,092			—
Interest and income earned on cash and Trust Account investments		(34,256	)		(674,257	)
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities		1,881,000			(2,048,200	)
Changes in Operating Assets and Liabilities:
Prepaid expenses		—			33,590
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		24,468			30,968
Accrued franchise tax		6,400			39,459
Accrued excise tax		288,390			—
Income tax payable		5,851			157,804
Net Cash Used in Operating Activities		(1,004,734	)		(168,110	)

Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Cash deposited into Trust Account		(150,000	)		(240,000	)
Cash withdrawn from Trust Account for payment to redeeming stockholders		—			50,312,460
Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Investing Activities		(150,000	)		50,072,460

Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Proceeds from Note Payable—Sponsor		—			240,000
Proceeds from Note Payable—related party		1,350,000			170,000
Repayment of Note Payable—related party		(11,000	)		—
Payment to redeeming stockholders		—			(50,312,460	)
Net Cash Provided By (Used in) Financing Activities		1,339,000			(49,902,460	)

Net Change in Cash		184,266			1,890
Cash – Beginning of Period		39,938			189
Cash – End of Period	$	224,204		$	2,079

Supplemental Disclosure of Noncash Investing and Financing Activities:
Remeasurement of Common Stock subject to redemption	$	166,346		$	791,449
Payable to redeeming shareholders	$	—		$	395,138
Excise tax liability arising from redemption of Class A Common Stock	$	—		$	509,757

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements.

INTEGRATED RAIL AND RESOURCES ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

MARCH 31, 2025 (UNAUDITED)

NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION, BUSINESS OPERATIONS, AND GOING CONCERN

Integrated Rail and Resources Acquisition Corp. (the “Company”) is a blank check company incorporated as a Delaware corporation on March 12, 2021. The Company was incorporated for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses (“Business Combination”).

As of March 31, 2025, the Company had not yet commenced operations. All activity for the period from March 12, 2021 (inception) through March 31, 2025 related to the Company’s formation, its initial public offering (“IPO” or “Initial Public Offering”), which is described below, and, subsequent to the IPO, identifying a target company for an initial Business Combination.

The registration statement for the Company’s IPO was declared effective on November 11, 2021. On November 16, 2021, the Company consummated its IPO of 23,000,000 units (the “Units”), including the full exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option to purchase 3,000,000 Units. Each Unit consisted of one share of Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company (the “Public Shares”) and one-half of one redeemable warrant, at $10.00 per Unit. The Units were sold at a price of $10.00 per Unit, generating gross proceeds to the Company of $230,000,000. Each Unit consists of one share of Class A common stock and one-half of one redeemable warrant of the Company. Each whole warrant entitles the holder thereof to purchase one share of Class A common stock for $11.50 per share, subject to adjustment.

Simultaneously with the closing of the IPO, the Company consummated the sale of 9,400,000 warrants (the “Private Placement Warrants”) at a price of $1.00 per Private Placement Warrant in a private placement to DHIP Natural Resources Investments, LLC (“Sponsor”), generating gross proceeds of $9,400,000, which is described in Note 3.

If the Company is unable to complete a Business Combination, the Company will (i) cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up; (ii) as promptly as reasonably possible but not more than ten business days thereafter, redeem the Public Shares, at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account, including interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account and not previously released to the Company to pay taxes, if any (less up to $100,000 of interest to pay dissolution expenses) divided by the number of the then outstanding Public Shares, which redemption will completely extinguish Public Stockholders’ rights as stockholders (including the right to receive further liquidation distributions, if any); and (iii) as promptly as reasonably possible following such redemption, subject to the approval of the remaining stockholders and the board of directors, liquidate and dissolve, subject in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii), to the Company’s obligations under Delaware law to provide for claims of creditors and the requirements of other applicable law.

The Company’s management has broad discretion with respect to the specific application of the net proceeds of its Initial Public Offering and the sale of Private Placement Warrants. The Company’s initial Business Combination must be with one or more operating businesses or assets with a fair market value equal to at least 80% of the net assets held in the Trust Account (as defined below) (excluding the deferred underwriting commissions and taxes payable on the interest earned on the Trust Account) at the time the Company signs a definitive agreement in connection with an initial Business Combination. However, the Company will only complete a Business Combination if the post-transaction company owns or acquires 50% or more of the outstanding voting securities of the target or otherwise acquires a controlling interest in the target sufficient for it not to be required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or the Investment Company Act.

Following the closing of the IPO on November 16, 2021, management agreed that an amount equal to at least $10.10 per Unit sold (or $232,300,000) in the Initial Public Offering and the proceeds of the Private Placement Warrants, would be held in a trust account (“Trust Account”) with Equiniti Trust Company, LLC (“Equiniti”) (formerly known as American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC) acting as trustee and invested in United States “government securities” within the meaning of Section 2(a)(16) of the Investment Company Act having a maturity of 185 days or less or in money market funds meeting certain conditions under Rule 2a-7 promulgated under the Investment Company Act which invest only in direct U.S. government treasury obligations, as determined by the Company, until the earlier of: (i) the completion of a Business Combination and (ii) the distribution of the Trust Account as described below.

INTEGRATED RAIL AND RESOURCES ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

MARCH 31, 2025 (UNAUDITED)

NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION, BUSINESS OPERATIONS, AND GOING CONCERN – Continued

The Company will provide its holders of the Public Shares (the “Public Stockholders”) with the opportunity to redeem all or a portion of their Public Shares upon the completion of a Business Combination either (i) in connection with a stockholder meeting called to approve the Business Combination or (ii) by means of a tender offer. The decision as to whether the Company will seek stockholder approval of a Business Combination or conduct a tender offer will be made by the Company, solely in its discretion. The Public Stockholders will be entitled to redeem their Public Shares for a pro rata portion of the amount then in the Trust Account (initially anticipated to be $10.10 per share, plus any pro rata interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account and not previously released to the Company to pay its tax obligations). The per-share amount to be distributed to Public Stockholders who redeem their Public Shares will not be reduced by the deferred underwriting commissions the Company will pay to the underwriters (as discussed in Note 5). The Public Shares are recorded at a redemption value and classified as temporary equity, in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 480 Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity.

The Company will proceed with a Business Combination if the Company has net tangible assets of at least $5,000,001 upon such consummation of a Business Combination and a majority of the shares voted are voted in favor of the Business Combination. If a stockholder vote is not required by law and the Company does not decide to hold a stockholder vote for business or other legal reasons, the Company will, pursuant to the amended and restated certificate of incorporation which was adopted by the Company upon the consummation of the Initial Public Offering, and was amended by certificates of amendment on February 9, 2023 and August 8, 2023 (the “Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation”), conduct the redemptions pursuant to the tender offer rules of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), and file tender offer documents with the SEC prior to completing a Business Combination. If, however, stockholder approval of the transactions is required by law, or the Company decides to obtain stockholder approval for business or legal reasons, the Company will offer to redeem shares in conjunction with a proxy solicitation pursuant to the proxy rules and not pursuant to the tender offer rules.

Additionally, each Public Stockholder may elect to redeem their Public Shares irrespective of whether they vote for or against the proposed transaction. If the Company seeks stockholder approval in connection with a Business Combination, the holders of the Founder Shares (discussed in Note 4) prior to this Initial Public Offering (the “Initial Stockholders”) will agree to vote their Founder Shares and any Public Shares purchased during or after the Initial Public Offering in favor of a Business Combination. In addition, the Initial Stockholders will agree to waive their redemption rights with respect to their Founder Shares and Public Shares in connection with the completion of a Business Combination. In addition, the Company has agreed not to enter into a definitive agreement regarding an initial Business Combination without the prior consent of the Sponsor.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation provides that a Public Stockholder, together with any affiliate of such stockholder or any other person with whom such stockholder is acting in concert or as a “group” (as defined under Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), will be restricted from redeeming its shares with respect to more than aggregate of 15% or more of the Class A common stock sold in the Initial Public Offering, without the prior consent of the Company.

The Company’s Sponsor, executive officers, directors and director nominees agreed not to propose an amendment to the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation that would affect the substance or timing of the Company’s obligation to provide for the redemption of its Public Shares in connection with a Business Combination or to redeem 100% of its Public Shares if the Company does not complete a Business Combination, unless the Company provides the Public Stockholders with the opportunity to redeem their Class A common stock in conjunction with any such amendment.

In connection with the redemption of 100% of the Company’s outstanding Public Shares for a portion of the funds held in the Trust Account, each holder will receive a full pro rata portion of the amount then in the Trust Account, plus any pro rata interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account and not previously released to the Company to pay the Company’s taxes payable (less up to $100,000 of interest to pay dissolution expenses).

The initial stockholders agreed to waive their liquidation rights with respect to the Founder Shares if the Company fails to complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period (discussed below). However, if the initial stockholders should acquire Public Shares in or after the Initial Public Offering, they will be entitled to liquidating distributions from the Trust Account with respect to such Public Shares if the Company fails to complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period, discussed below. The underwriters will agree to waive their rights to their deferred underwriting commission (see Note 5) held in the Trust Account in the event the Company does not complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period and, in such event, such amounts will be included with the funds held in the Trust Account that will be available to fund the redemption of the Company’s Public Shares. In the event of such distribution, it is possible that the per share value of the residual assets remaining available for distribution (including Trust Account assets) will be only $10.10 per share initially held in the Trust Account.

INTEGRATED RAIL AND RESOURCES ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

MARCH 31, 2025 (UNAUDITED)

NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION, BUSINESS OPERATIONS, AND GOING CONCERN – Continued

In order to protect the amounts held in the Trust Account, the Sponsor has agreed that it will be liable to the Company if and to the extent any claims by a third party for services rendered or products sold to the Company, or a prospective target business with which the Company has entered into a written letter of intent, confidentiality or other similar agreement or business combination agreement, reduce the amount of funds in the Trust Account to below the lesser of (i) $10.10 per public share and (ii) the actual amount per public share held in the Trust Account as of the date of the liquidation of the Trust Account, if less than $10.10 per share due to reductions in the value of the trust assets, less taxes payable, provided that such liability will not apply to any claims by a third party or prospective target business who executed a waiver of any and all rights to the monies held in the Trust Account (whether or not such waiver is enforceable) nor will it apply to any claims under the Company’s indemnity of the underwriters of the Initial Public Offering against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). In the event that an executed waiver is deemed to be unenforceable against a third party, the Sponsor will not be responsible to the extent of any liability for such third-party claims. The Company will seek to reduce the possibility that the Sponsor will have to indemnify the Trust Account due to claims of creditors by endeavoring to have vendors, service providers (except the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm), prospective target businesses or other entities with which the Company does business, execute agreements with the Company waiving any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to monies held in the Trust Account.

Trust Extensions

Initially, the Company had 12 months from the closing of the IPO on November 16, 2021 to consummate an initial Business Combination (until November 16, 2022) (the “Combination Period”). Additionally, the Company was entitled to extend the period of time to consummate a Business Combination up to two times by an additional three months each time (for a total of up to 18 months to complete a Business Combination) by depositing into the Trust Account maintained by Equiniti, acting as trustee, an amount of $0.10 per Unit sold to the public in the IPO, $2,300,000, for each such three-month extension (that would result in a total deposit of $10.30 per public share sold in the event both extensions were elected or an aggregate of $4,600,000). Public stockholders were not entitled to vote on or redeem their shares in connection with any such extension. In November 2022, the Sponsor deposited $2,300,000 into the Trust Account, to extend the deadline for an initial Business Combination by three months to February 2023. In lieu of a second $2,300,000 extension payment for a three month extension to May 2023, a special meeting of stockholders was held in February 2023 (“February 2023 Special Meeting”) that resulted in an extension of the deadline to complete an initial Business Combination to March 15, 2023 and allowed the Company to further extend the date to consummate a Business Combination on a monthly basis up to five (5) times by an additional one month through September 15, 2023.

In connection with the vote on the extension Amendment at the February 2023 Special Meeting, stockholders holding a total of 9,155,918 shares of the Company’s common stock exercised their right to redeem such shares for a pro rata portion of the funds in the Company’s Trust Account. As a result, $94,489,075 (approximately $10.32 per share) was withdrawn from the Trust Account to pay such holders in February 2023.

On August 8, 2023, the Company held its Annual Meeting of Stockholders (“2023 Annual Meeting”) whereby the stockholders approved the second extension amendment proposal permitting an extension of the date by which the Company has to consummate a Business Combination until February 15, 2024, subject to monthly extension deposits of $140,000, which were made in August 2023 through January 2024.

In connection with the vote on the extension Amendment at the 2023 Annual Meeting, stockholders holding a total of 7,354,836 shares of the Company’s common stock exercised their right to redeem such shares for a pro rata portion of the funds in the Company’s Trust Account. As a result, $79,652,874 (approximately $10.83 per share) was removed from the Company’s Trust Account to pay such holders in August 2023.

On February 12, 2024 at a special meeting in lieu of an annual meetings of stockholders of the Company (the “February 2024 Special Meeting”), stockholders approved a third extension Amendment Proposal (the “Third Extension Amendment Proposal”) to extend the date by which the Company must (1) effectuate a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or other similar business combination with one or more businesses (an “initial Business Combination”), (2) cease its operations except for the purpose of winding up if it fails to complete such initial Business Combination, and (3) redeem 100% of the Company’s Class A common stock included as part of the Units sold in the Company’s Initial Public Offering, from February 15, 2024 to March 15, 2024, by depositing (or causing to be deposited) into the Trust Account $50,000 for such one-month extension, and to allow the Company, without another stockholder vote, to further extend such date to consummate a Business Combination on a monthly basis up to eight (8) times by an additional one (1) month each time, by resolution of the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”), until November 15, 2024, or a total of up to nine (9) months after February 15, 2024 (such date as extended, the “Deadline Date”), by depositing (or causing to be deposited) into the Trust Account $50,000 for each additional one-month extension on or prior to each applicable Deadline Date, unless the closing of a Business Combination shall have occurred prior thereto.

INTEGRATED RAIL AND RESOURCES ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

MARCH 31, 2025 (UNAUDITED)

NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION, BUSINESS OPERATIONS, AND GOING CONCERN – Continued

In connection with the vote on the third extension amendment proposal at the February 2024 Special Meeting, stockholders holding a total of 4,573,860 shares of the Company’s common stock exercised their right to redeem such shares for a pro rata portion of the funds in the Company’s Trust Account. As a result, $50,312,460 (approximately $11.00 per share) was removed from the Company’s Trust Account to pay such holders. In association with the February 2024 redemptions, the Company inadvertently underpaid the redeeming shareholders $395,138 or approximately $0.09 per share. On September 24, 2024, the February 2024 redeeming shareholders were paid the additional $395,138 due them. Following the Company’s redemptions, the Company had an aggregate of 7,665,386 Class A and Class B Common Stock shares outstanding.

On November 14, 2024, the Company held a special meeting of stockholders (the “November 2024 Special Meeting”), whereby the Company’s stockholders approved a proposal (the “November 2024 Extension Amendment Proposal”) to amend the Charter (the “November 2024 Extension Amendment”) to extend the Deadline Date from November 15, 2024 to December 15, 2024, by depositing (or causing to be deposited) into the Trust Account $50,000 for such one-month extension (an “Extension Payment”) on or prior to November 15, 2024, and to allow the Company, without another stockholder vote, to further extend the Deadline Date on a monthly basis up to five times by an additional one month each time after December 15, 2024 or later extended Deadline Date, by resolution of the Board, if requested by the Sponsor, upon five days’ advance notice prior to the applicable Deadline Date, until May 15, 2024, or a total of up to six months after November 15, 2024, by depositing (or causing to be deposited) into the Trust Account $50,000 for each additional one-month extension on or prior to each applicable Deadline Date, unless the closing of an initial Business Combination shall have occurred prior thereto. As a result of the approval of the November 2024 Extension Amendment Proposal, the Sponsor will make an Extension Payment into the Trust Account on each applicable Deadline Date.

In connection with the vote on the November 2024 Extension Amendment Proposal at the November 2024 Special Meeting, stockholders holding an aggregate of 1,665,727 shares of the Company’s common stock exercised their right to redeem such shares for a pro rata portion of the funds in the Company’s Trust Account. As of the date of filing this Form 10-Q, the redeeming stockholders have not been paid for their redeemed shares and the Company owes $2,764,686 (approximately $13.32 per share) to pay such holders.

On May 13, 2025, the Company held the May 2025 Extension Meeting, whereby the Company’s stockholders approved the May 2025 Extension Amendment Proposal to approve the May 2025 Extension Amendment to extend the Deadline Date from May 15, 2025 to June 15, 2025, by depositing (or causing to be deposited) into the Trust Account $5,000 on or prior to May 15, 2025, and to allow the Company, without another stockholder vote, to further extend the Deadline Date on a monthly basis one time by an additional one month after June 15, 2025, by resolution of the SPAC Board, if requested by the Sponsor, upon five days’ advance notice prior to the Deadline Date, until July 15, 2025, by depositing (or causing to be deposited) into the Trust Account $5,000 for the additional one-month extension on or prior to the Deadline Date, unless the closing of an initial Business Combination shall have occurred prior thereto. As a result of the approval of the May 2025 Extension Amendment Proposal, the Sponsor will make an Extension Payment into the Trust Account on each applicable Deadline Date.

In connection with the vote on the May 2025 Extension Amendment Proposal at the May 2025 Extension Meeting, stockholders holding an aggregate of 207,559 shares of the Company’s common stock exercised their right to redeem such shares for a pro rata portion of the funds in the Company’s Trust Account. As a result, $2,764,686 (approximately $13.32 per share) was removed from the Company’s Trust Account to pay such holders in May 2025.

Since its first extension deposit in the Trust Account in November 2022 to the filing of this Form 10-Q, the Company has deposited an aggregate of $7,998,225 in the Trust Account to extend the period to consummate a Business Combination to June 15, 2025.

Conversion of Class B shares to Class A shares

On November 13, 2024, the holders of the Company’s Class B common stock converted all issued and outstanding shares of Class B common stock (5,750,000 shares), on a one-for-one basis, into shares of Class A common stock. The newly issued shares of Class A common stock continue to be referred to as Founder Shares (discussed in Note 4). As such, the newly issued shares of Class A common stock are not redeemable and continue to carry restrictions regarding their assignment, transference and selling of the shares.

NYSE Delisting

On March 11, 2024, the Company received correspondence from the staff of NYSE Regulation (the “Staff”) of the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) indicating that the Staff has determined to commence proceedings to delist the Company’s Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, Units, each consisting of one share of Class A common stock and one-half of one redeemable warrant, with each warrant exercisable for one share of Class A common stock of the Company and Warrants from the NYSE pursuant to Section 802.01B of the NYSE’s Listed Company Manual because the Company had fallen below the NYSE’s continued listing standard requiring a listed acquisition company to maintain an average aggregate global market capitalization attributable to its publicly-held shares over a consecutive 30 trading day period of at least $40,000,000.

On March 11, 2024 the Company’s securities were delisted from the NYSE and effective as of March 12, 2024, the Company’s securities were available for trading in the over-the-counter (OTC Pink) market.

INTEGRATED RAIL AND RESOURCES ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

MARCH 31, 2025 (UNAUDITED)

NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION, BUSINESS OPERATIONS, AND GOING CONCERN – Continued

Proposed Business Combination

Merger Agreement

On August 12, 2024, the Company (“SPAC”) entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) by and among (i) SPAC, (ii) Uinta Integrated Infrastructure Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Holdings”), (iii) Uinta Integrated Infrastructure Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of Holdings (“Lower Holdings”), (iv) RR Integration Merger Co., a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of Holdings (“SPAC Merger Sub”), (v) RRG Merger LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and wholly owned subsidiary of Lower Holdings (“Company Merger Sub,” and together with SPAC Merger Sub, the “Merger Subs”; the Merger Subs, SPAC, Lower Holdings and Holdings are collectively referred to herein as the “SPAC Parties”), (vi) Tar Sands Holdings II, LLC, a Utah limited liability company (“TSH Company”), and (vii) Endeavor Capital Group, LLC (the “Company Member Representative”) (each entity named in (i) through (vii) above, a “Party,” and collectively, the “Parties”). Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain conditions set forth therein, (1) SPAC Merger Sub will merge with and into SPAC, with SPAC continuing as the surviving entity and a wholly owned subsidiary of Holdings (the “SPAC Merger”) and with the security holders of SPAC receiving substantially equivalent securities of Holdings and (2) Company Merger Sub will merge with and into TSH Company, with TSH Company continuing as the surviving entity and a wholly owned subsidiary of Lower Holdings (the “Company Merger,” and together with the SPAC Merger, the “Mergers”) and with the members of TSH Company receiving cash (the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, including, but not limited to the Mergers, the “proposed Business Combination”). The board of directors of SPAC (the “SPAC Board”) unanimously approved the Merger Agreement and the Mergers and resolved to recommend the approval and adoption of the Merger Agreement and the proposed Business Combination by the stockholders of SPAC. The proposed Business Combination is expected to be consummated after obtaining the required approvals by the stockholders of SPAC and the Requisite Members (as defined in the Merger Agreement) of TSH Company and the satisfaction of certain other customary closing conditions.

Merger Consideration / Treatment of Securities

Effect of Company Merger on Issued and Outstanding Company Membership Interests and Limited Liability Company Interests of Company Merger. At the Effective Time (as defined in the Merger Agreement), by virtue of the Company Merger, and without any action on the part of any Party or any action on the part of the holders of securities of any Party, among other things:

(i) Each issued and outstanding Company Membership Interest (as defined in the Merger Agreement) (other than the Rollover Interests (as defined in the Merger Agreement)) shall be converted automatically into, and thereafter represent, the right to receive, and the holder of such Company Membership Interest shall be entitled to receive the Company Merger Consideration (as defined in the Merger Agreement).

(ii) All of the limited liability company interests of Company Merger Sub that are issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall thereupon be converted into and become one Surviving Company Unit (as defined in the Merger Agreement).

Effect of SPAC Merger on Issued and Outstanding Securities of SPAC and SPAC Merger Sub

By virtue of the SPAC Merger and without any action on the part of any Party or any action on the part of the holders of securities of any Party:

(i) Immediately prior to the Effective Time, every issued and outstanding unit of SPAC (“SPAC Unit”) (each SPAC Unit consisting of one share of Class A common stock of SPAC, par value $0.0001 per share (“SPAC Class A Common Stock”) and one-half of one whole warrant entitling the holder to purchase one share of SPAC Class A Common Stock for $11.50 per share (each such whole warrant, a “SPAC Public Warrant”)), shall be automatically separated and the holder thereof shall be deemed to hold one share of SPAC Class A Common Stock and one-half of one SPAC Public Warrant in accordance with the terms of the applicable SPAC Unit.

(ii) Each share of SPAC Class A Common Stock and Class B common stock of SPAC, par value $0.0001 per share (together with SPAC Class A Common Stock, “SPAC Common Stock”) issued and outstanding as of the Effective Time shall, at the Effective Time, be converted automatically into and thereafter represent the right to receive one share of Class A common stock of Holdings, par value $0.0001 per share (“Holdings Class A Common Stock”), following which all shares of SPAC Common Stock shall cease to be outstanding and shall automatically be canceled and shall cease to exist. The holders of shares of SPAC Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall cease to have any rights with respect to such shares, except as provided by the Merger Agreement.

INTEGRATED RAIL AND RESOURCES ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

MARCH 31, 2025 (UNAUDITED)

NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION, BUSINESS OPERATIONS, AND GOING CONCERN – Continued

(iii) At the Effective Time, each issued and outstanding SPAC Public Warrant shall be converted into one warrant, entitling the holder to purchase one share of Holdings Class A Common Stock for $11.50 per share (“Holdings Public Warrant”), of like tenor. The SPAC Public Warrants shall cease to be outstanding and shall automatically be canceled and retired and shall cease to exist. Each of the Holdings Public Warrants shall have, and be subject to, substantially the same terms and conditions applicable to the SPAC Public Warrants, except as set forth in the Merger Agreement. At or prior to the Effective Time, the Parties shall take all corporate action necessary to reserve for future issuance and shall maintain such reservation for so long as any of the Holdings Public Warrants remain outstanding, a sufficient number of shares of Holdings Class A Common Stock for delivery upon the exercise of such Holdings Public Warrants.

(iv) At the Effective Time, if there are any shares of capital stock of SPAC that are owned by SPAC as treasury shares, such shares shall be canceled and extinguished without any conversion thereof or consideration therefor.

(v) At the Effective Time, each share of common stock of SPAC Merger Sub outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be converted into an equal number of shares of common stock of SPAC as the surviving corporation after the SPAC Merger (the “SPAC Surviving Subsidiary”), with the same rights, powers and privileges as the shares so converted, and such shares shall constitute the only outstanding shares of capital stock of SPAC Surviving Subsidiary.

Effect of Mergers on Issued and Outstanding Securities of Holdings

At the Effective Time, by virtue of the Mergers and without any action on the part of any Party or any action on the part of the holders of securities of any Party, all of the shares of Holdings issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time (other than the Company Common Stock Consideration and the Company Convertible Preferred Stock Consideration (as each are defined in the Merger Agreement)) shall be canceled and extinguished without any conversion thereof or consideration therefor.

Representations and Warranties; Covenants

The Merger Agreement contains representations, warranties and covenants of the Parties that are customary for transactions of this nature. The representations and warranties of the Parties will not survive the closing of the Mergers (the “Closing”). The assertions embodied in those representations, warranties and covenants were made for purposes of the contract among the Parties and are subject to important qualifications and limitations agreed to by the Parties in connection with negotiating the Merger Agreement. The representations, warranties and covenants in the Merger Agreement are also modified in important part by the underlying disclosure schedules which are not filed publicly, and which are subject to a contractual standard of materiality different from that generally applicable to stockholders and were used for the purpose of allocating risk among the Parties rather than establishing matters as facts. The Company does not believe that these schedules contain information that is material to an investment decision. Investors are not third-party beneficiaries under the Merger Agreement and should not rely on the representations, warranties and covenants or any descriptions thereof as characterizations of the actual state of facts or condition of the parties thereto or any of their respective subsidiaries or affiliates.

Conditions to Each Party’s Obligations

The Merger Agreement is subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain customary closing conditions by the Parties thereto, including, among others:

(i) if applicable, the expiration or termination of the waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended;

(ii) the absence of any governmental order, statute, rule or regulation enjoining or prohibiting the consummation of the Transactions (as defined in the Merger Agreement);

(iii) the effectiveness of the Form S-4 registration statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) with respect to registration of the offer and sale of the shares of Holdings Common Stock (as defined in the Merger Agreement) and Holdings Public Warrants to be issued in connection with the Business Combination;

INTEGRATED RAIL AND RESOURCES ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

MARCH 31, 2025 (UNAUDITED)

NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION, BUSINESS OPERATIONS, AND GOING CONCERN – Continued

(iv) the approval by the stockholders of SPAC of certain proposals relating to the Merger Agreement and the Business Combination (the “SPAC Stockholder Approval”);

(v) the execution of the Shell Commitment Agreement (as defined in the Merger Agreement) by the parties thereto;

(vi) the Available Closing Date Cash (as defined in the Meger Agreement) being not less than $44,000,000;

(vii) solely with respect to TSH Company, among others conditions: (a) certain representation and warranties of TSH Company being true and correct in all material respects, to applicable standards; (b) each of the agreements and covenants of TSH Company having been performed or complied with in all material respects; (c) the delivery by TSH Company to SPAC of a closing certificate; (d) irrevocable written consents of TSH Company Manager (as defined in the Merger Agreement) and the Requisite Members, in favor of the approval and adoption of the Merger Agreement and the Mergers and the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement (the “Written Consent”); and (e) the execution and delivery of certain Ancillary Agreements (as defined in the Merger Agreement); and

(viii) solely with respect to SPAC, among others conditions: (a) certain representation and warranties of SPAC being true and correct in all material respects, to applicable standards; (b) each of the agreements and covenants of SPAC having been performed or complied with in all material respects; (c) the delivery by SPAC to TSH Company of a closing certificate; (d) the execution and delivery of certain Ancillary Agreements (as defined in the Merger Agreement); (e) receipt of approval for listing on the NYSE, NASDAQ, or NYSE American of Holdings Class A Common Stock and Holdings Public Warrants; and (f) the resignation or removal of the officers and directors of SPAC.

Termination

The Merger Agreement may be terminated at any time prior to the Closing,

(i) by mutual written consent of the Company and SPAC;

(ii) by either TSH Company or SPAC if the Effective Time shall not have occurred prior to July 15, 2025, provided that the Party seeking termination, either directly or indirectly through its Affiliates (as defined in the Merger Agreement), is not in breach or violation of any representation, warranty, covenant, agreement or obligation contained herein and such breach or violation is the principal cause of the failure of a closing condition;

(iii) by either TSH Company or SPAC if any Governmental Authority (as defined in the Merger Agreement) shall have enacted, issued, promulgated, enforced or entered any injunction, order, decree or ruling (whether temporary, preliminary or permanent) that has become final and non-appealable and has the effect of making consummation of the proposed Business Combination, including the Mergers, illegal or otherwise preventing or prohibiting consummation of the proposed Business Combination;

(iv) by SPAC if TSH Company shall have failed to deliver the PCAOB Financials (as defined in the Merger Agreement) to SPAC within sixty days after the date of the Merger Agreement;

(v) subject to certain conditions and limitations set forth in the Merger Agreement, by SPAC upon a breach of any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement on the part of TSH Company and its subsidiaries (the “Group Companies”) set forth in the Merger Agreement, or if any representation or warranty of the Group Companies shall have become untrue;

(vi) subject to certain conditions and limitations set forth in the Merger Agreement, by TSH Company upon a breach of any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement on the part of the SPAC Parties set forth in the Merger Agreement, or if any representation or warranty of the SPAC Parties shall have become untrue; or

(vii) by written notice from either TSH Company or SPAC to the other if either the Written Consent or the SPAC Stockholder Approval is not obtained.

If the Merger Agreement is validly terminated, no party thereto will have any liability or any further obligation to any other party under the Merger Agreement, with certain limited exceptions, including liability for any intentional and willful breach of the Merger Agreement.

INTEGRATED RAIL AND RESOURCES ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

MARCH 31, 2025 (UNAUDITED)

NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION, BUSINESS OPERATIONS, AND GOING CONCERN – Continued

Ancillary Agreements

Support Agreements

Concurrently with the execution and delivery of the Merger Agreement, (i) the Sponsor entered into a support agreement with the other parties thereto (the “Sponsor Support Agreement”), pursuant to which, among other things, the Sponsor and certain other parties thereto agreed to vote their respective shares in favor of the proposed Business Combination and to otherwise be bound by its respective obligations under the Merger Agreement, and (ii) certain holders of Company Membership Interests entered into a support agreement (the “Company Support Agreement”), pursuant to which, among other things, such holders agreed not to change, withdraw, withhold, qualify or modify, or publicly propose to change, withdraw, withhold, qualify or modify, the recommendation of the Company Manager (as defined in the Merger Agreement) in favor of the proposed Business Combination and to otherwise be bound by its respective obligations under the Merger Agreement.

Registration Rights Agreement

In connection with the Closing, Holdings, Sponsor, and certain TSH Company equity holders will enter into a registration rights agreement in a form reasonably satisfactory to the Parties, pursuant to which, among other things, Holdings will agree to provide certain TSH Company equity holders with certain rights relating to the registration for resale of the Holdings securities that they will receive in connection with the Mergers.

Warrant Amendment

In connection with the SPAC Merger, Holdings, SPAC, and the transfer agent for the SPAC Public Warrants will enter into an amendment to the agreement governing such warrants (the “Warrant Amendment”) in a form reasonably satisfactory to the Parties, which will govern the terms and conditions of the Holdings Public Warrants.

Litigation

On September 6, 2024, Tyr Energy Utah Logistics, LLC (“Tyr Energy”) filed suit in the County Court at Law, Number 1, Nueces County, Texas against the Company, the Sponsor and certain affiliates of the Sponsor, asserting claims for breach of and tortious interference with a non-disclosure and non-circumvention agreement in connection with the public announcement of the proposed Business Combination, for which Tyr Energy seeks a temporary restraining order and temporary injunction. The Sponsor and its affiliates have specially appeared to dispute specific personal jurisdiction, and all defendants, including the Company, vehemently dispute liability and intend to vigorously defend against Tyr Energy’s claims.

Amendment to Merger Agreement

On November 8, 2024, the parties to the Merger Agreement entered into an Amendment to and Waiver of Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Amendment”) pursuant to which the parties agreed, among other things, to amend the Merger Agreement to (a) replace the SPAC Parties as follows: (i) Holdings will be replaced by Uinta Infrastructure Group Corp., a Delaware corporation (“UIGC”); (ii) Lower Holdings will be replaced by Uinta Lower Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of UIGC; (iii) SPAC Merger Sub will be replaced by Uinta Merger Co., a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of UIGC; and (iv) Company Merger Sub will be replaced by Uinta Merger LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and wholly owned subsidiary of Lower Holdings, (b) permit the amendment of the SPAC Organizational Documents to accommodate the potential conversion of the SPAC Class B Common Stock to an equal number of SPAC Class A Common Stock at the option of the majority of the Class B Common Stock holders, and (c) waive any representations or interim covenants otherwise breached by transactions contemplated by the Amendment.

Amendment to Sponsor Support Agreement

On November 8, 2024, in connection with the Amendment, the parties to the Sponsor Support Agreement entered into an Amendment to Sponsor Support Agreement, pursuant to which the parties agreed, among other things, to replace Holdings with UIGC.

INTEGRATED RAIL AND RESOURCES ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

MARCH 31, 2025 (UNAUDITED)

NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION, BUSINESS OPERATIONS, AND GOING CONCERN – Continued

Entry into Non-Binding Letter of Intent with Shell Trading

On November 6, 2024, the Company entered into a non-binding letter of intent for a crude supply and offtake agreement (the “Offtake Agreement”) with Shell Trading (US) Company (“STUSCO”), the commencement of which is conditioned upon, among other things, the closing of the proposed Business Combination. Under this prospective arrangement, STUSCO would supply volumes of crude feedstock to the Company’s refining and terminating facility in Vernal, Utah (the “Facility”) and purchase certain crude oil products produced from such feedstock.

The initial term (the “Initial Term”) of the Offtake Agreement is 10 years from the date upon which the Facility commences operation (the “In-Service Date”), which In-Service Date is expected to be December 31, 2028, and may be extended by mutual agreement of the parties to the Offtake Agreement. STUSCO will have a one-time option (the “Extension Option”) to extend the Initial Term of the Offtake Agreement by five years (“Option Term”). In the event STUSCO elects to exercise its Extension Option, the Offtake Agreement will be automatically renewed from the end of the Option Term on one-year terms (each, a “Renewal Term”) unless cancelled in writing, by either party, at least 180 days in advance of the end of the Option Term or any Renewal Term, as applicable. The Initial Term, the Option Term, and the Renewal Term(s), as applicable, are collectively referred to as (the “Term”).

The commencement of the Term of the Offtake Agreement is subject to certain conditions precedent, including the below (collectively, the “Conditions Precedent”):

	●	the occurrence of the closing of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, in accordance with the terms and conditions therein;

	●	the completion necessary refurbishment, construction, permitting, and receipt of approvals of or by the Facility have occurred;

	●	the In-Service Date occurring on or before December 31, 2028 (the “In-Service Deadline”);

	●	the Facility obtaining and maintaining the nameplate capacity for the period required to process 500,000 barrels in a 60-day time frame (the “Nameplate Capacity”), or approximately 15,000 barrels of crude feedstocks per day;

	●	the Facility being able to (i) receive crude feedstocks (the “Crude Feedstock”) that meet certain Required Crude Feedstock Specifications (as defined in the Offtake Agreement) via truck LACT; and (ii) process and deliver LPG, Naphtha, Gasoil, and ULSFO (collectively the “Crude Oil Products”);

	●	the Facility being able to convert the Crude Feedstock into Crude Oil Products and make available for re-delivery or pick up by STUSCO; and

	●	the Company delivering to STUSCO an executed subordination agreement in favor of STUSCO, from each third party with a security interest or similar interest in the Crude Oil Products to: (i) recognize STUSCO’s rights to net and offset amounts owed by STUSCO and (ii) subordinate any such lien to STUSCO’s rights.

If the Conditions Precedent do not occur by the In-Service Deadline, then STUSCO has a one-time option to terminate the Offtake Agreement without liability to the Company. STUSCO will have the right to independently determine if the Conditions Precedent have been satisfied or waived, in its sole discretion, acting reasonably and in good faith.

STUSCO will be the sole supplier of Crude Feedstock to the Facility, and the sole purchaser of Crude Oil Products for the initial Nameplate Capacity, and for any expansion capacity for which STUSCO contracts. The Company will be responsible for maintaining operational storage, line fill, tank heels, etc. necessary to operate the Facility. Any capacity that remains uncontracted by STUSCO is exempt from the terms of the Offtake Agreement and may be taken to the open market. STUSCO will have a right of first refusal to any expansion in refining capacity at the Facility. If the Company offers substantially the same services to a third party at more favorable prices, STUSCO will be entitled to receive the same.

Following is a summary of the Shell Commitment Agreement between STUSCO and the Company, entered into on May 7, 2025. Under this arrangement, STUSCO will be the exclusive supplier of crude oil to the Facility, and the exclusive purchaser of refined products from the Facility, for an initial term of seven years following commencement of operations, with automatic two-year renewal periods thereafter unless terminated by STUSCO. The Company is responsible for the restoration and operation of the Facility at its own cost and risk, and must meet certain conditions precedent, including completion of construction and regulatory approvals, before the agreement becomes fully effective. The agreement provides for pricing based on published market indices with fixed differentials and includes provisions addressing exclusivity, right of first refusal on facility expansions, most favored nation terms, and customary termination, force majeure, and indemnification clauses.

STUSCO has no minimum volume commitments for delivery of Crude Feedstocks or offtake of Crude Oil Products to be supplied to or purchased from the Facility during the Term. However, STUSCO does have a Minimum Revenue Commitment (defined below) under the Offtake Agreement. The purchase price of the Crude Feedstock under the Offtake Agreement will be based on WTI CMA NYMEX (M+1) less a specified differential per barrel (the “Differential”). The purchase price for Crude Oil Products will be based on WTI CMA NYMEX (M+1) less the Differential, plus an agreed processing fee (the “Processing Fee”), and subject to an annual escalation with a negotiated cap.

INTEGRATED RAIL AND RESOURCES ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

MARCH 31, 2025 (UNAUDITED)

NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION, BUSINESS OPERATIONS, AND GOING CONCERN – Continued

STUSCO will pay the Company a monthly minimum revenue commitment (currently estimated to be $400,000 per month) for a period of five years (the “Monthly Minimum Revenue Commitment”). The total sum of the Monthly Minimum Revenue Commitment payments must equal the total minimum revenue commitment, estimated to be $25,000,000 (the “Total Minimum Revenue Commitment”). Upon the satisfaction of the Total Minimum Revenue Commitment, and if the Facility is not operating due to STUSCO’s election to nominate less than the minimum operational capacity (the “Minimum Operational Capacity”), STUSCO will pay a minimum payment of approximately $50,000 per month (the “Minimum Payment”).

If the average value based on the formula agreed by the parties to the Offtake Agreement for the applicable month of delivery of the Crude Oil Products (the “Crack”) exceeds the established Processing Fee and the Monthly Minimum Revenue Commitment, net of actual losses at the Facility and deemed losses in transportation, any resulting positive difference (“Positive Differential”) will be split 50%/50% between the Company and STUSCO (“Profit Sharing Split”).

After the Initial Term, or upon STUSCO paying to the Company the Total Minimum Revenue Commitment, whichever is earlier, the Positive Differential will be adjusted to an amount equal the positive difference between the Crack and an amount equal to the agreed discount to the initial Processing Fee, and the Profit Sharing Split will be allocated 75% to the Company and 25% to STUSCO.

So long as the Facility maintains the Minimum Operational Capacity on average during a calendar month, then no credits will be created. If the Facility is not able to meet the Minimum Operational Capacity, then a credit will be created for each barrel below the Minimum Operational Capacity the Facility is unable to process. Any credit created, must be used within the 24-month period following the creation thereof, and any credits remaining at the end of the Term must be used within six months, or may be accounted for in any renewal negotiated at the time.

Performance under the Offtake Agreement may be excused in connection with certain force majeure events. However, in the event the Company declares a force majeure event with respect to the Facility lasting more than 270 consecutive days, or 270 days in the aggregate over a period of 365 consecutive days, STUSCO will have the option but not the obligation to, exercisable within 30 days after such period: (i) terminate the Offtake Agreement or (ii) extend the Initial Term by the number of days the Facility is under force majeure (a “Force Majeure Extension”). In the event the Facility assets are damaged such that the Facility will be inoperable for at least 18 months, the Company will have no obligation to continue operations, and each of the Company and STUSCO will have the right to terminate the Offtake Agreement. In the event STUSCO terminates the Offtake Agreement for force majeure in accordance with the foregoing, any unused deficiency credit balance will be automatically forfeited.

Upon the approval and in conjunction with the final investment decision of the Uinta Basin Railway (the “UBR”), STUSCO will have a right of first refusal to subscribe to capacity through the rail terminal and on the UBR at the then applicable shipping rates, up to STUSCO’s then existing capacity through the Facility.

The foregoing is a summary of a non-binding letter of intent relating to the Offtake Agreement. The terms and conditions of the final Offtake Agreement to be entered into by the parties thereto, when and if entered into, may differ materially from the terms and conditions described in the non-binding letter of intent summarized above and remain subject to the negotiation and approval of the parties to the Offtake Agreement.

Waiver to Merger Agreement

On April 30, 2025, the Parties to the Merger Agreement entered into that certain Waiver to Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Waiver”) pursuant to which the Parties agreed to waive Section 8.03(f) of the Merger Agreement for a period of 90 days from the Closing (the “Waiver Period”). Section 8.03(f) required that the Shares of Holdings Class A Common Stock and Holdings Public Warrants shall have been approved for listing on a National Exchange. In exchange for granting the Waiver, if the Shares of Holdings Class A Common Stock and Holdings Public are not listed on a National Exchange by the end of the Waiver Period, SPAC agreed to make monthly payments to the Company in the amount of $120,000 until the earlier of: (1) the Company has received four million dollars from such payments or (2) the Shares of Holdings Class A Common Stock and Holdings Public are listed on a National Exchange.

Liquidity and Going Concern

At March 31, 2025, the Company had $224,204 in cash and $15,002,563 in working capital deficit.

The Company has incurred and expects to continue to incur significant costs in pursuit of its acquisition plans and while the Company believes it has sufficient access to additional sources of capital, if necessary, there are no assurances that such additional capital will ultimately be available. In addition, the Company currently has less than 12 months from the date these consolidated financial statements were issued to complete a Business Combination and if the Company is unsuccessful in consummating an Initial Business Combination, it is required to liquidate and dissolve. In connection with the Company’s assessment of going concern considerations in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 205-40, “Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern”, management has determined that these factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the next twelve months from the issuance of these consolidated financial statements. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. As is customary for a special purpose acquisition company, if the Company is not able to consummate a Business Combination during the combination period, it will cease all operations and redeem the Public Shares. Management plans to continue its efforts to consummate a Business Combination during the combination period.

INTEGRATED RAIL AND RESOURCES ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

MARCH 31, 2025 (UNAUDITED)

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the SEC. Certain information or footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been omitted pursuant to the rules and regulation of the SEC for interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes necessary for a comprehensive presentation of financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of a normal recurring nature, which are necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, operating results and cash flows for the period presented.

The accompanying unaudited statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 as filed with the SEC on March 24, 2025 which contains the audited financial statements and notes thereto.

The interim results for the three months ended March 31, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ended December 31, 2025 or for any future interim periods.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly - owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated.

Segment Reporting

The Company complies with ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (ASU 2023-07), which improves reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses among other disclosure requirements. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 on January 1, 2024.

Emerging Growth Company

The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies, but any such election to opt out is irrevocable.

The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s consolidated financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

INTEGRATED RAIL AND RESOURCES ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

MARCH 31, 2025 (UNAUDITED)

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – Continued

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company’s management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period.

Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the consolidated financial statements, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. Accordingly, the actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. One of the more significant accounting estimates included in these consolidated financial statements is the determination of the fair value of the warrant liabilities.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of a cash account in a financial institution, which, at times, may exceed the Federal Depository Insurance Coverage of $250,000. The Company has not experienced losses on this account and management believes the Company is not exposed to significant risks on such account.

Net (Loss) Income Per Common Stock

Net (loss) income per common stock is computed by dividing net (loss) income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. The Company applies the two-class method in calculating net (loss) income per common stock. Accretion associated with the redeemable shares of Class A common stock is excluded from (loss) income per common stock as the redemption value approximates fair value.

The Company has not considered the effect of the warrants sold in the Initial Public Offering and private placement to purchase an aggregate of 20,900,000 shares in the calculation of diluted (loss) income per share or the shares that may be acquired in association with the Company’s convertible promissory note, since the exercise of the warrants and the shares acquired in association with the convertible promissory note are contingent upon the occurrence of future events. As a result, diluted (loss) income per share is the same as basic (loss) income per share for the periods presented. As of March 31, 2025 and 2024 the Company did not have any dilutive securities or other contracts that could potentially be exercised or converted into shares of common stock and then share in the earnings of the Company. As a result, diluted net (loss) income per common stock is the same as basic net (loss) income per common stock for the periods presented.

The following table reflects the calculation of basic and diluted net (loss) income per common stock (in dollars, except per share amounts):

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025						2024
	Shares Subject to Possible Redemption			Shares Not Subject to Possible Redemption			Shares Subject to Possible Redemption		Shares Not Subject to Possible Redemption
Basic and diluted net (loss) income per common stock
Numerator:
Allocation of net (loss) income	$	(139,456	)	$	(3,211,879	)	$	932,052	$	1,369,474
Denominator:
Basic and diluted weighted average common shares outstanding		249,659			5,750,000			3,875,612		5,750,000
Basic and diluted net (loss) income per common stock	$	(0.56	)	$	(0.56	)	$	0.24	$	0.24

INTEGRATED RAIL AND RESOURCES ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025 (UNAUDITED)

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – Continued

Class A Common Stock Subject to Possible Redemption

The Company accounts for its common stock subject to possible redemption in accordance with the guidance in ASC Topic 480. Shares of common stock subject to redemption are classified as a liability instrument and are measured at fair value. Conditionally redeemable common stock (including shares of common stock that feature redemption rights that are either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within the Company’s control) are classified as temporary equity.

At all other times, shares of common stock are classified as stockholders’ equity. The Company’s Public Shares feature redemption rights that are considered to be outside of the Company’s control and subject to the occurrence of uncertain future events. The valuation of common stock subject to redemption includes the Company’s estimate of interest held in the Trust Account that is available for payment of taxes, and excludes dissolution expense of up to $100,000 since it is only taken into account in the event of the Company’s liquidation. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, 249,659 shares of Class A common stock subject to possible redemption are presented at redemption value as temporary equity, outside of stockholders’ deficit section of the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Class A common stock subject to possible redemption reflected in the consolidated balance sheets are reconciled in the following table:

Class A Common stock subject to possible redemption	Shares			Amount
December 31, 2023		6,489,246		$	71,474,496
Less:
Redemption of Common Stock		(6,239,587	)		(70,178,335	)
Plus:
Remeasurement of Class A common stock subject to possible redemption		—			1,852,501
December 31, 2024		249,659		$	3,148,662
Plus:
Remeasurement of Class A common stock subject to possible redemption		—			166,346
March 31, 2025		249,659		$	3,315,008

Warrant Liabilities

The Company accounts for warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant’s specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in ASC 480, Distinguished Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480”) and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the warrants are indexed to the Company’s own common stock, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly period end date while the warrants are outstanding.

For issued or modified warrants that meet all of the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as a component of additional paid-in capital at the time of issuance. For issued or modified warrants that do not meet all the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded at their initial fair value on the date of issuance, and each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated fair value of the warrants are recognized as a non-cash gain or loss on the consolidated statements of operations.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company evaluates its financial instruments to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives in accordance with ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging. For derivative financial instruments that are accounted for as liabilities, the derivative instrument is initially recorded at its fair value on the grant date and is then re-valued at each reporting date, with changes in the fair value reported in the consolidated statements of operations. The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is evaluated at the end of each reporting period. Derivative liabilities are classified in the consolidated balance sheet as current or non-current based on whether or not net-cash settlement or conversion of the instrument could be required within 12 months of the consolidated balance sheet date.

INTEGRATED RAIL AND RESOURCES ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025 (UNAUDITED)

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – Continued

Convertible Promissory Note

The Company’s convertible promissory note contains a conversion feature whereby, upon consummation of the proposed Business Combination with TSH Company, the note shall convert into 355,000 shares of UIGC’s common stock. The Company treats this conversion feature as an embedded derivative in accordance with ASC 815 and bifurcates the embedded derivative from the host contract. As such, the conversion event liability is reported on the consolidated balance sheet at fair value upon inception of the convertible promissory note. Changes in its fair value are reported on the consolidated statement of operations as change in fair value of conversion event liability.

The convertible promissory note was issued at its face value of $1,500,000 and is reported net of a debt discount representing the initial fair value of the conversion event liability. In accordance with ASC 835, Interest (“ASC 835”), the Company capitalized the debt discount of $667,066 and is amortizing the debt discount ratably to interest expense on the consolidated statement of operations. Amortization of the debt discount is recognized over the shorter life of a) funded extension life of the Trust Account as of December 31, 2024 or b) the expected date of the consummation of the proposed Business Combination. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company recognized $162,092 and $0, respectively, in interest expense related to the amortization of the debt discount. The Company presents the convertible promissory note on the consolidated balance sheet at face value, net of its amortized debt discount.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities, which qualify as financial instruments under FASB ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement (“ASC 820”), approximates the carrying amounts represented in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, primarily due to their short-term nature. The Company applies ASC 820, which establishes a framework for measuring fair value and clarifies the definition of fair value within the framework. ASC 820 defines fair value as an exit price, which is the price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the Company’s principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy established in ASC 820 generally requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. Observable inputs reflect the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and are developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity. Unobservable inputs reflect the entity’s own assumptions based on market data and the entity’s judgments about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and are to be developed based on the best information available in the circumstances.

The carrying amounts reflected in the consolidated balance sheets for cash, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and due to related party approximate fair value due to short-term nature.

Level 1—Assets and liabilities with unadjusted, quoted prices listed on active market exchanges. Inputs to the fair value measurement are observable inputs, such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2—Inputs to the fair value measurement are determined using prices for recently traded assets and liabilities with similar underlying terms, as well as direct or indirect observable inputs, such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.

Level 3—Inputs to the fair value measurement are unobservable inputs, such as estimates, assumptions, and valuation techniques when little or no market data exists for the assets or liabilities.

See Note 8 for additional information on assets and liabilities measured at fair value.

INTEGRATED RAIL AND RESOURCES ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025 (UNAUDITED)

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – Continued

Stock-based Compensation

The transfer of the Founder Shares to independent directors is in the scope of FASB ASC Topic 718, “Compensation-Stock Compensation” (“ASC 718”). Under ASC 718, stock-based compensation associated with equity-classified awards is measured at fair value upon the grant date. The Founders Shares were granted subject to a performance condition (i.e., the occurrence of a Business Combination). Compensation expense related to the Founders Shares is recognized only when the performance condition is probable of occurrence under the applicable accounting literature in this circumstance. As of the date the consolidated financial statements were issued, the Company determined that a Business Combination is not considered probable, and, therefore, no stock-based compensation expense has been recognized. Stock-based compensation would be recognized at the date a Business Combination is considered probable (i.e., upon completion of a Business Combination) in an amount equal to the number of Founders Shares that ultimately vest multiplied times the grant date fair value per share (unless subsequently modified) less the amount initially received for the purchase of the Founders Shares.

Income Taxes

The Company complies with the accounting and reporting requirements of ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes,” which requires an asset and liability approach to financial accounting and reporting for income taxes. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed for differences between the consolidated financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities that will result in future taxable or deductible amounts, based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, was (0.2)%, and 6.4%, respectively. The effective tax rate differs from the statutory tax rate of 21% for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, primarily due to the change in the fair value of the warrants, tax interest and penalties, the valuation allowance on the deferred tax assets and prior-year true-ups.

ASC Topic 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the consolidated financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. The Company’s management determined that the United States is the Company’s only major tax jurisdiction. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits and underpaid income taxes as income tax expense. There were no unrecognized tax benefits as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 and the Company recognized $0 and $210,648 in accrued interest and penalties at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Company is currently not aware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals or material deviation from its position. Since the Company was incorporated on March 12, 2021, the evaluation was performed for the 2023, 2022 and 2021 tax years, which are the only periods subject to examination.

Risks and Uncertainties

On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IR Act”) was signed into federal law. The IR Act provides for, among other things, a new U.S. federal 1% Excise Tax on certain repurchases of stock by publicly traded U.S. domestic corporations and certain U.S. domestic subsidiaries of publicly traded foreign corporations occurring on or after January 1, 2023. The excise tax is imposed on the repurchasing corporation itself, not its shareholders from which shares are repurchased. The amount of the excise tax is generally 1% of the fair market value of the shares repurchased at the time of the repurchase. However, for purposes of calculating the excise tax, repurchasing corporations are permitted to net the fair market value of certain new stock issuances against the fair market value of stock repurchases during the same taxable year. In addition, certain exceptions apply to the excise tax. The U.S. Department of the Treasury (the “Treasury”) has been given authority to provide regulations and other guidance to carry out and prevent the abuse or avoidance of the excise tax.

Any redemption or other repurchase that occurs after December 31, 2022, in connection with a Business Combination, extension vote or otherwise, may be subject to the excise tax. Whether and to what extent the Company would be subject to the excise tax in connection with a Business Combination, extension vote or otherwise would depend on a number of factors, including (i) the fair market value of the redemptions and repurchases in connection with the Business Combination, extension or otherwise, (ii) the structure of a Business Combination, (iii) the nature and amount of any PIPE or other equity issuances in connection with a Business Combination (or otherwise issued not in connection with a Business Combination, but issued within the same taxable year of a Business Combination) and (iv) the content of regulations and other guidance from the Treasury. In addition, because the excise tax would be payable by the Company and not by the redeeming holder, the mechanics of any required payment of the excise tax have not been determined. The foregoing could cause a reduction in the cash available on hand to complete a Business Combination and in the Company’s ability to complete a Business Combination.

INTEGRATED RAIL AND RESOURCES ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025 (UNAUDITED)

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – Continued

During the second quarter of 2024, the Internal Revenue Service issued final regulations with respect to the timing and payment of the excise tax. These regulations provided that the filing and payment deadline for any liability incurred during the period from January 1, 2023 to December 31, 2023 would be October 31, 2024. Under the final regulations, liquidating distributions made by publicly traded domestic corporations are exempt from the Excise Tax. In addition, any redemptions that occur in the same taxable year as a liquidation is completed will also be exempt from such tax.

At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company has recognized $2,937,587 and $2,649,197, respectively, in excise tax payable on the consolidated balance sheets. Included in the excise tax payable at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are $502,847 and $214,457, respectively, of interest and penalties. In accordance with ASC 340, the excise tax liability related to share redemptions is offset against accumulated deficit on the consolidated condensed statements of changes in stockholder’s deficit. The liability related to interest and penalties is reported on the consolidated condensed statements of operations and is included in other income, net.

Because the Company did not complete a Business Combination by December 31, 2024, any additional redemption or other repurchase that occurs in connection with an initial Business Combination may be subject to the excise tax. Whether and to what extent the Company would be subject to the excise tax would depend on a number of factors, including (i) the fair market value of the redemptions and repurchases in connection with the Business Combination, (ii) the nature and amount of the equity issued in connection with the Business Combination (or otherwise issued not in connection with the Business Combination but issued within the same taxable year of the Business Combination), and (iii) the content of regulations and other guidance from the U.S. Department of the Treasury.

The Company is currently evaluating its options with respect to this obligation. Any amount of such excise tax not paid in full, will be subject to additional interest and penalties which are currently estimated at 8% interest per annum and a 5% underpayment penalty per month or portion of a month up to 25% of the total liability for any amount that is unpaid from November 1, 2024 until paid in full.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”), which will require the company to disclose specified additional information in its income tax rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. ASU 2023-09 will also require the company to disaggregate its income taxes paid disclosure by federal, state and foreign taxes, with further disaggregation required for significant individual jurisdictions. ASU 2023-09 will become effective for Annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The company is still reviewing the impact of ASU 2023-09.

Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The Company had no cash equivalents as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Investments Held in Trust Account

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, funds held in Trust Account consisted primarily of Money Market Funds which are invested in U.S. Treasury Securities, which have readily determinable fair values. Such funds are presented on the consolidated condensed balance sheets at fair value at the end of the reporting period. Interest on the Money Market Funds is included in interest and income from cash and trust investments in the accompanying unaudited consolidated condensed statements of operations.

INTEGRATED RAIL AND RESOURCES ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025 (UNAUDITED)

NOTE 3 – INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING

Simultaneously with the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the Sponsor purchased an aggregate of 9,400,000 Private Placement Warrants, at a price of $1.00 per Private Placement Warrant for $9,400,000 in the aggregate.

Each whole Private Placement Warrant is exercisable for one whole share of Class A common stock at a price of $11.50 per share. A portion of the proceeds from the sale of the Private Placement Warrants to the Sponsor were added to the proceeds from the Initial Public Offering to be held in the Trust Account such that at the time of closing $232,300,000 was held in the Trust Account. If the Company does not complete a Business Combination within the combination period, the Private Placement Warrants will expire worthless. The Private Placement Warrants will be non-redeemable for cash and exercisable on a cashless basis so long as they are held by the Sponsor or its permitted transferees.

NOTE 4 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Founder Shares

On March 12, 2021, the Sponsor paid an aggregate of $25,000 in exchange for issuance of 5,750,000 shares of Class B common stock (the “Founder Shares”). On April 5, 2021, the Sponsor transferred interests in the Sponsor that corresponded with 25,000 Founder Shares to each of Nathan Asplund, Rollin Bredenberg, Brian Feldott, and Edmund Underwood, Jr., our independent director nominees. In relation to the Initial Public Offering, an aggregate of 1,515,160 Founder Shares were cancelled by the Sponsor and transferred by us to our anchor investors in the IPO. Amounts previously reported as Class B common stock were retrospectively restated to account for this transaction. On March 7, 2022, Nathan Asplund tendered the return of his interest in the Sponsor (that corresponded with 25,000 Founder Shares) in relation to his resignation from the Board of Directors and the Sponsor transferred an interest in the Sponsor that corresponded with 25,000 Founder Shares to Troy Welch, who was elected to the Board of Directors on March 4, 2022 to fill the vacancy. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Sponsor retains all voting and disposition rights in the Founders Shares held by the Sponsor.

The Company determined the fair value of the share-based compensation related to the transfer of interests in the Sponsor (that corresponded to Founder Shares), to the independent director nominees, based on assumptions including the probability of an acquisition, an estimated date of acquisition, the risk free rate on the acquisition date, a discount for a lack of marketability and other variables. The value of the share based compensation was $667,250 based on grant date fair value estimates of $6.63 and $6.80 at April 5, 2021 and March 7, 2022, respectively.

On November 15, 2022, the Company’s CEO Richard Bertel, CFO Christopher Bertel, Vice President Edmund Underwood, director Rollin Bredenberg, and director Troy Welch tendered their resignation from the Company. In relation to such resignations, Mr. Bredenberg, Mr. Welch, and Mr. Underwood each tendered the return of their interest in the Sponsor (that corresponded with 25,000 Founder Shares) on November 21, 2022. The Company replaced the departed directors with Ronald Curt Copley, and Jason Reeves.

On December 22, 2022, and December 24, 2022, the Sponsor transferred an interest in the Sponsor that corresponded with 25,000 Founder Shares to Ronald Curt Copley and Jason Reeves, respectively, as independent director nominees. The Company determined the fair value of the share-based compensation related to the transfer of the Sponsor interest (corresponding with Founder Shares), to the independent director nominees, based on numerous assumptions including the probability of an acquisition, an estimated date of acquisition, the risk-free rate on the acquisition date, a discount for a lack of marketability and other variables. The value of the share-based compensation was $74,637 based on grant date fair value estimates of $1.49 at both December 22, 2022, and December 24, 2022.

INTEGRATED RAIL AND RESOURCES ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025 (UNAUDITED)

NOTE 4 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS – Continued

The holders of the Founder Shares have agreed not to transfer, assign, or sell any of their Founder Shares until the earlier to occur of (A) one year after the completion of an initial Business Combination and (B) subsequent to an initial Business Combination, (x) if the closing price of Class A common stock equals or exceeds $12.00 per share (as adjusted for share subdivisions, share capitalizations, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within any 30-trading day period commencing at least 150 days after an initial Business Combination, or (y) the date on which the Company completes a liquidation, merger, share exchange or other similar transaction that results in all of the Public Stockholders having the right to exchange their common stock for cash, securities or other property.

On November 13, 2024, the holders of the Company’s Class B common stock converted all issued and outstanding shares of Class B common stock (5,750,000 shares), on a one-for-one basis, into shares of Class A common stock. The newly issued shares of Class A common stock continue to be referred to as Founder Shares. As such, the newly issued shares of Class A common stock are not redeemable and continue to carry restrictions regarding their assignment, transference and selling of the shares.

Related Party Loans

The Sponsor agreed to loan the Company up to $1,500,000 to be used for working capital purposes through the earlier of December 31, 2021 or the closing of the Initial Public Offering. At March 25, 2022 the Sponsor agreed to loan the Company up to $1,500,000 to be used for working capital purposes through April 1, 2023, as funds are necessary. Such loans would be non-interest bearing, unsecured, and will be repaid upon the consummation of a Business Combination. In the event that the Company does not consummate a Business Combination, all amounts loaned to the Company will be forgiven except to the extent that the Company has funds available to it, outside of its Trust Account established in connection with the IPO.

On January 12, 2023, the Company issued an unsecured promissory note (the “Note Payable-Related Party”) to Trident Point 2, LLC (“Trident”), a related party through common ownership, pursuant to which the Company was entitled to borrow up to an aggregate principal amount of $600,000 in order to fund working capital deficiencies or finance transaction costs in connection with an intended Business Combination. All unpaid principal under the Note Payable-Related Party was due and payable in full on the date on which the Company consummated an initial Business Combination. Pursuant to the terms of such note, Trident had the option at any time prior to September 15, 2023 to convert amounts outstanding, up to $600,000, into warrants to purchase the Company’s shares of Class A common stock at a conversion price of $1.00 per warrant, with each warrant entitling the holder to purchase one share of Class A common stock at a price of $11.50 per share, subject to the same adjustments applicable to the Private Placement Warrants sold concurrently with the Company’s IPO. In May 2023, the Company issued an amended and restated unsecured promissory note, dated as of January 12, 2023, to Trident, removing the warrant conversion feature from the promissory note.

On February 8, 2024, the Company issued an additional unsecured promissory note to Trident, pursuant to which the Company is entitled to borrow up to an aggregate principal amount of $750,000 from Trident in order to fund costs reasonably related to an initial Business Combination for the Company, including without limitation both the daily operations of the Company prior to an initial Business Combination and potential monthly extensions to the time period for the Company to enter into and complete an initial Business Combination. No interest shall accrue on the unpaid principal balance of the promissory note. All unpaid principal under the promissory note was due and payable in full on the earlier of (i) November 15, 2024 or (ii) the date on which the Company consummates an initial Business Combination. On January 10, 2025, the Company amended and restated the promissory note to amend the Maturity Date (as defined in the promissory note) to the earlier of (i) May 15, 2025 or (ii) the date on which the Company consummates an initial Business Combination. In connection with the approval of the May 2025 Extension Amendment Proposal, the Company amended and restated the unsecured promissory note to Trident to amend the Maturity Date (as defined in the unsecured promissory note) to the earlier of (i) July 15, 2025 or (ii) the date on which the Company consummates an initial Business Combination.

On February 10, 2025, the Company issued an additional unsecured promissory note to Trident, pursuant to which the Company is entitled to borrow up to an aggregate principal amount of $1,350,000 from Trident in order to fund costs reasonably related to an initial Business Combination for the Company, including without limitation both the daily operations of the Company prior to an initial Business Combination and potential monthly extensions to the time period for the Company to enter into and complete an initial Business Combination. No interest shall accrue on the unpaid principal balance of the promissory note. All unpaid principal under the promissory note was due and payable in full on the earlier of (i) May 15, 2025, or (ii) the date on which the Company consummates an initial Business Combination.

At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company reported $1,729,710 and $390,710, respectively, as Note Payable – Related Party on the consolidated condensed balance sheets for the promissory notes to Trident.

INTEGRATED RAIL AND RESOURCES ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025 (UNAUDITED)

NOTE 4 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS – Continued

On April 13, 2023, the Company issued an unsecure promissory note to the Sponsor (“Note Payable—Sponsor”), pursuant to which the Company is entitled to borrow up to an aggregate principal amount of $4,153,244. All unpaid principal under the Note Payable—Sponsor will be due and payable in full on the date on which the Company consummates an initial Business Combination. On August 14, 2023, the Company amended the original promissory note and increased the borrowing limit up to $8,400,000 from the Sponsor to fund costs related to the extension of the date by which the Company must consummate an initial Business Combination pursuant to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company has borrowed and owes $5,393,225 under the Note Payable—Sponsor.

On September 14, 2023, the Company issued an unsecured promissory note to the Sponsor (“Working Capital Loan—Related Party”), pursuant to which the Company is entitled to borrow up to an aggregate principal amount of $17,935 from the Lender in order to fund costs reasonably related to an initial Business Combination for the Company. No interest shall accrue on the unpaid principal balance of this promissory note . All unpaid principal under the promissory note will be due and payable in full the date on which the Company consummates an initial Business Combination. At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company reported $17,935 as Working Capital Loan – Related Party on the consolidated balance sheets.

A related party of the Company has paid operating expenses on behalf of the Company. These amounts were reflected on the consolidated balance sheets as Advances from Related Parties. The advances are non-interest bearing and are payable on demand. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had an outstanding balance under advances from related parties of $100,770.

On October 11, 2024, the Company issued the October 2024 Convertible Note to BH Inc., pursuant to which the Company is entitled to borrow up to an aggregate principal amount of $1,500,000. All unpaid principal under the October 2024 Convertible Note is due and payable in full on the date on which the Company consummates its proposed Business Combination with TSH Company. Pursuant to the terms of the October 2024 Convertible Note, this Note shall convert into 355,000 shares of UIGC’s common stock (as defined and amended in the Merger Agreement), provided that, should the Business Combination fail to close for any reason, the Company shall use reasonable efforts to satisfy its obligations under this October 2024 Convertible Note by cash payment in an amount equal to $3,900,000. Any balance under this Note may be prepaid at any time. Additionally, if a Business Combination is not consummated, the October 2024 Convertible Note will be repaid solely to the extent that the Company has funds available to it outside of its Trust Account.

Administrative Services Agreement

The Company entered into an agreement commencing on the date that the Company’s securities were first listed on the New York Stock Exchange through the earlier of consummation of an initial Business Combination or the liquidation, which provides that the Company will pay the Sponsor $10,000 per month for office space, secretarial and administrative services provided to the Company. In addition, the Sponsor, officers and directors, or their respective affiliates will be reimbursed for any out-pocket expenses incurred in connection with activities on the Company’s behalf such as identifying potential target businesses and performing due diligence on possible Business Combination targets. The Company’s audit committee reviews on a quarterly basis all payments made by the Company to the Sponsor, executive officers or directors, or their affiliates. Any such payments prior to an initial Business Combination will be made using funds held outside the Trust Account.

At December 31, 2024, the Company owed $120,000 under this agreement. On March 21, 2025, the Sponsor agreed to waive any and all rights to receive any and all current and future payments owed to it by the Company under the agreement. At March 31, 2025, the Sponsor waived $120,000 in administrative services fees which is reflected as a reduction of operating expenses in March 2025.

INTEGRATED RAIL AND RESOURCES ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025 (UNAUDITED)

NOTE 5 – COMMITMENTS & CONTINGENCIES

Registration and Stockholder Rights

The holders of the Founder Shares (including the Class B common stock converted to Class A common stock), Private Placement Warrants, and warrants that may be issued upon conversion of Working Capital Loans (and any shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Private Placement Warrants and warrants that may be issued upon conversion of Working Capital Loans) will be entitled to registration rights pursuant to a registration and stockholder rights agreement signed in relation to the Initial Public Offering. The holders of these securities are entitled to make up to three demands, excluding short form demands, that the Company registers such securities. In addition, the holders have certain “piggy-back” registration rights with respect to registration statements filed subsequent to the completion of an initial Business Combination. The Company will bear the expenses incurred in connection with the filing of any such registration statements.

Underwriting Agreement

The Company paid an underwriting discount of $0.20 per unit, or $4.6 million in the aggregate in relation to the Initial Public Officer, with an additional fee of $0.35 per unit, or approximately $8.05 million in the aggregate, payable to the underwriters for deferred underwriting commissions in relation to the Initial Public Offering. The deferred fee will become payable to the underwriters from the amounts held in the Trust Account solely in the event that the Company completes a Business Combination, subject to the terms of the underwriting agreement.

The Company accounted for the 20,900,000 warrants issued in connection with the Initial Public Offering (the 11,500,000 Public Warrants and the 9,400,000 Private Placement Warrants) in accordance with the guidance contained in ASC 815-40. Such guidance provides that because the warrants do not meet the criteria for equity treatment thereunder, each warrant must be recorded as a liability. Accordingly, the Company classified each warrant as a liability at its fair value. This liability is subject to re-measurement at each balance sheet date. With each such re-measurement, the warrant liability will be adjusted to fair value, with the change in fair value recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Warrants — Public Warrants may only be exercised for a whole number of shares. No fractional Public Warrants will be issued upon separation of the Units and only whole Public Warrants trade. The Public Warrants will become exercisable 30 days after the completion of a Business Combination; provided that the Company has an effective registration statement under the Securities Act covering the Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the Public Warrants and a current prospectus relating to them is available and such shares are registered, qualified or exempt from registration under the securities, or blue sky, laws of the state of residence of the holder (or the Company permit holders to exercise their warrants on a cashless basis under certain circumstances). The Company has agreed that as soon as practicable, but in no event later than 20 business days after the closing of an initial Business Combination, the Company will use commercially reasonable efforts to file with the SEC and have an effective registration statement covering the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants and to maintain a current prospectus relating to those Class A common stock until the warrants expire or are redeemed, as specified in the warrant agreement.

If a registration statement covering the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants is not effective by the 60th day after the closing of an initial Business Combination, warrant holders may, until such time as there is an effective registration statement and during any period when the Company will have failed to maintain an effective registration statement, exercise warrants on a “cashless basis” in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act or another exemption. Notwithstanding the above, if the Class A common stock are at the time of any exercise of a warrant not listed on a national securities exchange such that they satisfy the definition of a “covered security” under Section 18(b)(1) of the Securities Act, the Company may, at its option, require holders of Public Warrants who exercise their warrants to do so on a “cashless basis” and, in the event the Company so elects, the Company will not be required to file or maintain in effect a registration statement, and in the event the Company does not so elect, it will use commercially reasonable efforts to register or qualify the shares under applicable blue sky laws to the extent an exemption is not available.

Investment Banking Advisory Agreement

The Company has entered into an investment banking advisory services agreement pursuant to which fees will be paid upon the closing of an acquisition during the term of the agreement through 24 months after the termination of the agreement. Fees will be charged at the greater of $4,250,000 or up to 0.65% of the acquisition value if the acquisition value exceeds $900 million. The investment banking advisory fees are contingent on both the consummation and the specific terms of an initial Business Combination, neither of which can be reasonably predicted at this time. Accordingly, no accrual has been made for these arrangements in the consolidated financial statements.

INTEGRATED RAIL AND RESOURCES ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025 (UNAUDITED)

NOTE 6 – WARRANT LIABILITIES

The warrants have an exercise price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustments, and will expire five years after the completion of a Business Combination or earlier upon redemption or liquidation. In addition, if (x) the Company issues additional shares of Class A common stock or equity- linked securities for capital raising purposes in connection with the closing of an initial Business Combination at an issue price or effective issue price of less than $9.20 per share of common stock (with such issue price or effective issue price to be determined in good faith by the board of directors and, in the case of any such issuance to the Sponsor or its affiliates, without taking into account any Founder Shares held by the Sponsor or such affiliates, as applicable, prior to such issuance) (the “Newly Issued Price”), (y) the aggregate gross proceeds from such issuances represent more than 60% of the total equity proceeds, and interest thereon, available for the funding of the initial Business Combination on the date of the consummation of the initial Business Combination (net of redemptions), and (z) the volume weighted average trading price of the Class A common stock during the 20 trading day period starting on the trading day prior to the day on which the Company consummates its initial Business Combination (such price, the “Market Value”) is below $9.20 per share, the exercise price of the warrants will be adjusted (to the nearest cent) to be equal to 115% of the higher of the Market Value and the Newly Issued Price, and the $18.00 per share redemption trigger price described under “Redemption of warrants when the price per share of Class A common stock equals or exceeds $18.00” will be adjusted (to the nearest cent) to be equal to 180% of the higher of the Market Value and the Newly Issued Price.

The Private Placement Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants underlying the Units sold in the Initial Public Offering, except that the Private Placement Warrants and the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the Private Placement Warrants will not be transferable, assignable or salable until 30 days after the completion of a Business Combination, subject to certain limited exceptions. Additionally, the Private Placement Warrants will be non-redeemable so long as they are held by the initial purchasers or such purchasers’ permitted transferees. If the Private Placement Warrants are held by someone other than the Initial Stockholders or their permitted transferees, the Private Placement Warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by such holders on the same basis as the Public Warrants.

Redemption of Warrants When the Price per Share of Class A Common Stock Equals or Exceeds $18.00: Once the warrants become exercisable, the Company may redeem the outstanding warrants (except as described herein with respect to the Private Placement Warrants):

●

in whole and not in part;

●

at a price of $0.01 per warrant;

●

upon a minimum of 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption to each warrant holder; and

●

the last sales price of the common stock reported has been at least $18.00 per share on each of twenty trading days within the thirty trading-day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which notice of the redemption for the Public Warrants is given.

The Company will not redeem the warrants as described above unless a registration statement under the Securities Act covering the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants is then effective and a current prospectus relating to those shares of Class A common stock is available throughout the 30-day redemption period, except if the warrants may be exercised on a cashless basis and such cashless exercise is exempt from registration under the Securities Act. If and when the warrants become redeemable, the Company may not exercise its redemption right if the issuance of shares of common stock upon exercise of the warrants is not exempt from registration or qualification under applicable state blue sky laws or the Company is unable to effect such registration or qualification. The Company will use its commercially reasonable best efforts to register or qualify such shares of common stock under the blue sky laws to the extent an exemption is not available.

If the Company calls the warrants for redemption as described above, management will have the option to require all holders that wish to exercise warrants to do so on a “cashless basis.” In determining whether to require all holders to exercise their warrants on a “cashless basis,” management will consider, among other factors, the Company’s cash position, the number of warrants that are outstanding and the dilutive effect on its stockholders of issuing the maximum number of shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of the warrants. In such event, each holder would pay the exercise price by surrendering the warrants for that number of shares of Class A common stock equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (x) the product of the number of shares of Class A common stock underlying the warrants, multiplied by the difference between the exercise price of the warrants and the “fair market value” by (y) the fair market value. The “fair market value” shall mean the average reported last sale price of the Class A common stock for the 10 trading days ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which the notice of redemption is sent to the holders of warrants.

None of the Private Placement Warrants will be redeemable by the Company so long as they are held by the Sponsor, the affiliates of the Sponsor, or its permitted transferees.

INTEGRATED RAIL AND RESOURCES ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025 (UNAUDITED)

NOTE 7 – STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

Preferred Stock— The Company is authorized to issue 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share. At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there was no preferred stock issued or outstanding.

Class A common stock— The Company is authorized to issue 100,000,000 shares of Class A common stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share. Holders of the Company’s Class A common stock are entitled to one vote for each share. At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were 5,750,000 shares of Class A common stock issued and outstanding, excluding 249,659 subject to possible redemption.

Class B common stock— The Company is authorized to issue 10,000,000 shares of Class B common stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share. On March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were 0 shares of Class B common stock issued and outstanding.

Stockholders of record are entitled to one vote for each share held on all matters to be voted on by stockholders. Except as described below, holders of Class A common stock and holders of Class B common stock will vote together as a single class on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders except as required by law.

NOTE 8 – FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The following tables presents information about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs the Company utilized to determine such fair value:

March 31, 2025

	Fair Value
Description	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3

Assets
Investments held in Trust Account	$	3,421,932	$	—	$	—
Liabilities
Conversion event liability	$	—	$	—	$	697,543
Warrant Liability—Public Warrants	$	—	$	—	$	3,335,000
Warrant Liability—Private Placement Warrants	$	—	$	—	$	2,726,000

December 31, 2024

	Fair Value
Description	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3

Assets
Investments held in Trust Account	$	3,237,676	$	—	$	—
Liabilities
Conversion event liability	$	—	$	—	$	684,887
Warrant Liability—Public Warrants	$	—	$	—	$	2,300,000
Warrant Liability—Private Placement Warrants	$	—	$	—	$	1,880,000

INTEGRATED RAIL AND RESOURCES ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025 (UNAUDITED)

NOTE 8 – FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS – Continued

The Company utilized an independent third party to model the valuation of the conversion event liability using a probability weighted calculation valuing the convertible promissory note with and without the conversion event feature. Included in the model are assumptions related to the Company’s stock price, discount rate, probability of closing on its proposed Business Combination, expected time until closing of its proposed Business Combination, and a market adjustment for the implied probability of closing on its proposed Business Combination.

The Company estimates the discount rate based on the term matched yield. The probability of closing on a proposed Business Combination is based on an analysis of peer companies completing a business combination compared to liquidating. The years to expiration is based on the expected time until closing on its proposed Business Combination. And the model has a market adjustment for implied probability of acquisition based on an analysis of peer companies’ closing stock price, rights coverage and share rights price.

The following table provides significant inputs used to determine the fair value of the convertible promissory note conversion event liability:

	March 31, 2025			December 31, 2024
Share price	$	11.25		$	10.01
Discount rate		11.3	%		8.7	%
Probability of close		60.0	%		60.0	%
Years to expiration		0.13			0.38
Market adjustment for implied probability of acquisition		26.13	%		9.82	%

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company’s Public Warrants were traded on a market exchange. At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there was insufficient trading activity to utilize market prices to determine the fair value of the Public Warrants. The Company utilized an independent third party to value the Public Warrants and Private Placement Warrants using a binomial options pricing model, which involves Level 3 inputs.

Inherent in a binomial options pricing model are assumptions related to expected share-price volatility, expected life, risk-free interest rate, dividend yield and probability of consummating a Business Combination. The Company estimates the volatility of its common stock based on historical volatility that matches the expected remaining life of the Public and Private Placement Warrants. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury zero-coupon yield curve on the grant date for a maturity similar to the expected remaining life of the warrants. The expected life of the warrants is assumed to be equivalent to their remaining contractual term. The dividend rate is based on the historical rate, which the Company anticipates will remain at zero.

The Public and Private Placement Warrants were accounted for as liabilities in accordance with ASC 815-40 and are presented within warrant liabilities in the Company’s consolidated condensed balance sheets. The warrant liabilities are measured at fair value at inception and on a recurring basis, with changes in fair value presented within change in fair value of warrant liabilities in the statements of operations.

INTEGRATED RAIL AND RESOURCES ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025 (UNAUDITED)

NOTE 8 – FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS – Continued

The following table provides significant inputs to the independent third party’s pricing model for the fair value of the Public Warrants and Private Placement Warrants:

	March 31, 2025			December 31, 2024
Share price	$	11.25		$	10.01
Exercise price	$	11.50		$	11.50
Years to expiration		5.13			5.38
Volatility		2.2	%		1.6	%
Risk-free rate		3.89	%		4.30	%
Dividend yield		0.00	%		0.00	%

The following table provides a summary of the changes in the fair value of the Company’s Level 3 financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2025 and 2024:

	Private Placement Warrants		Public Warrants		Conversion Feature
Changes in fair value of financial liabilities measured with level 3:
January 1, 2025	$	1,880,000	$	2,300,000	$	684,887
Change in fair value		846,000		1,035,000		12,656
March 31, 2025	$	2,726,000	$	3,335,000	$	697,543

	Private Placement Warrants
Changes in fair value of financial liabilities measured with level 3:
January 1, 2024	$	940,000
Change in fair value		(921,200	)
March 31, 2024	$	18,800

Investments Held in Trust Account

At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company’s Trust Account held investments primarily in Money Market Funds which are invested in U.S. Treasury Securities. The assets held in the Trust Account at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 within the consolidated balance sheets represent a Level 1 fair value measurement based upon the observable valuation nature of the respective investments.

INTEGRATED RAIL AND RESOURCES ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025 (UNAUDITED)

NOTE 9 – SEGMENT INFORMATION

ASC Topic 280, “Segment Reporting,” establishes standards for companies to report in their financial statement information about operating segments, products, services, geographic areas, and major customers. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is available that is regularly evaluated by the Company’s chief operating decision maker, or group, in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance.

The Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer, who reviews the operating results for the Company as a whole to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing financial performance. Accordingly, management has determined that the Company only has one operating segment.

The Company is a blank check company incorporated for the purpose of effecting a Business Combination. The Company has not commenced operations, has no operating revenue and all activity since its inception relates to the Company’s formation, its IPO, and those activities necessary to consummate a Business Combination. As the Company does not generate operating income, the Company’s primary focus for profit and loss is the cash outflows related to expenses.

The CODM has determined that consolidated net income or loss is the primary measure of segment profit or loss. As the Company has no operating revenue and no capabilities of generating cash, operating expenses are reviewed and monitored by the CODM to manage and forecast cash and to ensure sufficient capital is available to complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period. The CODM also reviews operating expenses to manage, maintain and enforce all contractual agreements to ensure costs are aligned with all agreements and budget. Operating expenses are considered the Company’s primary significant expenses. The measure of segment assets is reported on the consolidated condensed balance sheets as total assets.

The following table provides the significant expenses and other expenses that are regularly provided to the CDOM and included in segment profit or loss.

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024
Operating expenses	$	1,035,602	$	272,128
Excise tax interest and penalties	$	288,390	$	—
Provision for income taxes	$	5,851	$	157,804
Interest expense	$	162,092	$	—
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities	$	1,881,000	$	—
Change in fair value of conversion event liability	$	12,656	$	—

The Company has incurred other expenses in the form of excise tax interest and penalties related to the Company’s excise taxes. The CODM monitors the excise tax interest and penalties as the interest and penalties continue to accrue until all past due excise taxes, and related interest and penalties, are fully paid. Additionally, payment of excise tax interest and penalties require a cash outflow from the Company’s operating account or from cash that may be received from sources outside of the Company.

The provision for income taxes is reviewed by the CODM as other expenses of the Company. Income taxes are an expense that is payable with earnings from the Trust Account. The CODM monitors earnings in the Trust Account to ensure there are sufficient earnings available to pay the Company’s income taxes.

The Company incurs non-cash expenses from interest expense and non-cash expenses or income from changes in fair value of warrant liabilities and changes in fair value of conversion event liability. As these items do not require or generate cash the Company does not report them as significant expenses.

INTEGRATED RAIL AND RESOURCES ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025 (UNAUDITED)

NOTE 10 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

The Company evaluated subsequent events and transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date up to the date that the financial statements were issued. Based upon this review the Company did not identify any subsequent events, other than disclosed in the Notes to the Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements and the arrangement described below, that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the financial statements.

As previously disclosed on the Company’s current report on Form 8-K, the Company and STUSCO entered into a Crude Oil and Crude Oil Products Supply, Offtake and Processing Agreement on May 7, 2025. Under this arrangement, STUSCO will be the exclusive supplier of crude oil to the Facility, and the exclusive purchaser of refined products from the Facility, for an initial term of seven years following commencement of operations, with automatic two-year renewal periods thereafter unless terminated by STUSCO. The Company is responsible for the restoration and operation of the Facility at its own cost and risk, and must meet certain conditions precedent, including completion of construction and regulatory approvals, before the agreement becomes fully effective. The agreement provides for pricing based on published market indices with fixed differentials and includes provisions addressing exclusivity, right of first refusal on facility expansions, most favored nation terms, and customary termination, force majeure, and indemnification clauses.

In connection with the vote on the May 2025 Extension Amendment Proposal at the May 2025 Extension Meeting, stockholders holding an aggregate of 207,559 shares of the Company’s common stock exercised their right to redeem such shares for a pro rata portion of the funds in the Company’s Trust Account. As of the date of filing this Form 10-Q, the redeeming stockholders have not been paid for their redeemed shares and the Company owes $2,764,686 (approximately $13.32 per share) to pay such holders.

At the May 2025 Extension Meeting, the Company’s stockholders also approved the NTA Amendment Proposal to amend the Company’s Charter pursuant to a sixth amendment to the Charter, to remove the limitation that prevents the Company from redeeming shares of Class A Common Stock originally sold as part of the units issued in the Company’s IPO if such redemption would cause the Company to have net tangible assets of less than $5,000,001.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

References in this report (the “Quarterly Report”) to “we” “us” or the “Company” refer to Integrated Rail and Resources Acquisition Corp. References to our “management” or our “management team” refer to our officers and directors, and references to the “Sponsor” refer to DHIP Natural Resources Investments, LLC. The following discussion and analysis of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements and the notes thereto contained elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. Certain information contained in the discussion and analysis set forth below includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties.

Overview

We are a blank check company incorporated as a Delaware corporation on March 12, 2021 (inception) formed for the purpose of effecting the Business Combination. We intend to effectuate our Business Combination using cash derived from the proceeds of our IPO and the sale of the Private Placement Warrants at a price of $1.00 per Private Placement Warrant in a private placement to the Sponsor, our shares, debt or a combination of cash, shares and debt.

Trust Extensions

Initially, the Company had 12 months from the closing of the IPO on November 16, 2021 to consummate an initial Business Combination (until November 16, 2022). Additionally, the Company was entitled to extend the period of time to consummate a Business Combination up to two times by an additional three months each time (for a total of up to 18 months to complete a Business Combination) by depositing into the Trust Account maintained by American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, acting as trustee, an amount of $0.10 per unit sold to the public in the IPO, $2,300,000, for each such three-month extension (that would result in a total deposit of $10.30 per public share sold in the event both extensions were elected or an aggregate of $4,600,000). Public Stockholders were not entitled to vote on or redeem their shares in connection with any such extension.

In November 2022, the Sponsor deposited $2,300,000 into the Trust Account, to extend the deadline for an initial Business Combination three months to February 2023. In lieu of a second $2,300,000 Extension Payment for a three month extension to May 2023, a special meeting of stockholders was held in February 2023 that resulted in an extension of the deadline to complete an initial Business Combination to March 15, 2023 and allowed the Company to further extend the date to consummate a Business Combination on a monthly basis up to five (5) times by an additional one month through September 15, 2023.

In connection with the vote on the extension Amendment at the special meeting of stockholders, stockholders holding a total of 9,155,918 shares of the Company’s common stock exercised their right to redeem such shares for a pro rata of the funds in the Company’s Trust Account. As a result, $94,489,075 (approximately $10.32 per share) was withdrawn from the Trust Account to pay such holders in February 2023.

On August 8, 2023, the Company held its Annual Meeting of Stockholders whereby the stockholders approved the second extension amendment proposal permitting an extension of the date by which the Company has to consummate a Business Combination until February 15, 2024, subject to monthly extension deposits of $140,000, which were made in August 2023 through January 2024.

In connection with the vote on the extension Amendment at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders, stockholders holding a total of 7,354,836 shares of the Company’s common stock exercised their right to redeem such shares for a pro rata portion of the funds in the Company’s Trust Account. As a result, $79,652,874 (approximately $10.83 per share) was removed from the Company’s Trust Account to pay such holders.

At the February 2024 Special Meeting, stockholders approved the Third Extension Amendment Proposal to extend the date by which the Company must (1) effectuate an initial Business Combination, (2) cease its operations except for the purpose of winding up if it fails to complete such initial business combination, and (3) redeem 100% of the Company’s Class A common stock included as part of the units sold in the Company’s IPO, from February 15, 2024 to March 15, 2024, by depositing (or causing to be deposited) into the Trust Account $50,000 for such one-month extension, and to allow the Company, without another stockholder vote, to further extend such date to consummate a Business Combination on a monthly basis up to eight (8) times by an additional one (1) month each time, by resolution of the SPAC Board, until November 15, 2024, or a total of up to nine (9) months after February 15, 2024, by depositing (or causing to be deposited) into the Trust Account $50,000 for each additional one-month extension on or prior to each applicable Deadline Date, unless the closing of a Business Combination shall have occurred prior thereto.

On November 14, 2024, the Company held the November 2024 Extension Meeting, whereby the Company’s stockholders approved the November 2024 Extension Amendment Proposal to approve the November 2024 Extension Amendment to extend the Deadline Date from November 15, 2024 to December 15, 2024, by depositing (or causing to be deposited) into the Trust Account an Extension Payment on or prior to November 15, 2024, and to allow the Company, without another stockholder vote, to further extend the Deadline Date on a monthly basis up to five times by an additional one month each time after December 15, 2024 or later extended Deadline Date, by resolution of the SPAC Board, if requested by the Sponsor, upon five days’ advance notice prior to the applicable Deadline Date, until May 15, 2024, or a total of up to six months after November 15, 2024, by depositing (or causing to be deposited) into the Trust Account $50,000 for each additional one-month extension on or prior to each applicable Deadline Date, unless the closing of an initial Business Combination shall have occurred prior thereto. As a result of the approval of the November 2024 Extension Amendment Proposal, the Sponsor will make an Extension Payment into the Trust Account on each applicable Deadline Date.

In connection with the vote on the November 2024 Extension Amendment Proposal at the November 2024 Extension Meeting, stockholders holding an aggregate of 1,665,727 shares of the Company’s common stock exercised their right to redeem such shares for a pro rata portion of the funds in the Company’s Trust Account. As a result, $19,470,737 (approximately $11.69 per share) was removed from the Company’s Trust Account to pay such holders in November 2024.

In connection with the vote on the May 2025 Extension Amendment Proposal at the May 2025 Extension Meeting, stockholders holding an aggregate of 207,559 shares of the Company’s common stock exercised their right to redeem such shares for a pro rata portion of the funds in the Company’s Trust Account. As of the date of filing this Form 10-Q, the redeeming stockholders have not been paid for their redeemed shares and the Company owes $2,764,686 (approximately $13.32 per share) to pay such holders.

Conversion of Class B Shares to Class A Shares

Promissory Notes

On February 8, 2024, the Company issued an unsecured promissory note to Trident Point 2, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Lender” or “Trident”), pursuant to which the Company was entitled to borrow up to an aggregate principal amount of $750,000 from the Lender in order to fund costs reasonably related to an initial Business Combination for the Company, including without limitation both the daily operations of the Company prior to an initial Business Combination and potential monthly extensions to the time period for the Company to enter into and complete an initial Business Combination . No interest shall accrue on the unpaid principal balance of the Promissory Note. All unpaid principal under the Promissory Note will be due and payable in full on the earlier of (i) November 15, 2024 or (ii) the date on which the Company consummates an initial Business Combination. On January 10, 2025, the Company amended and restated the Promissory Note to amend the Maturity Date (as defined in the Promissory Note) to the earlier of (i) May 15, 2025, or (ii) the date on which the Company consummates an initial Business Combination.

On February 10, 2025, the Company issued an additional unsecured promissory note to Trident, pursuant to which the Company is entitled to borrow up to an aggregate principal amount of $1,350,000 from Trident in order to fund costs reasonably related to an initial Business Combination for the Company, including without limitation both the daily operations of the Company prior to an initial Business Combination and potential monthly extensions to the time period for the Company to enter into and complete an initial Business Combination. No interest shall accrue on the unpaid principal balance of the promissory note. All unpaid principal under the promissory Note was due and payable in full on the earlier of (i) May 15, 2025, or (ii) the date on which the Company consummates an initial Business Combination. In connection with the approval of the May 2025 Extension Amendment Proposal, the Company amended and restated the unsecured promissory note to amend the Maturity Date (as defined in the unsecured promissory note) to the earlier of (i) July 15, 2025 or (ii) the date on which the Company consummates an initial Business Combination.

On October 11, 2024, the Company issued an unsecured convertible promissory note to B H INC. (“BH Inc.”), a Utah corporation (“October 2024 Convertible Note”), pursuant to which the Company is entitled to borrow up to an aggregate principal amount of $1,500,000. All unpaid principal under the October 2024 Convertible Note is due and payable in full on the date on which the Company consummates its proposed Business Combination with TSH Company (discussed below). Pursuant to the terms of the October 2024 Convertible Note, this Note shall convert into 355,000 shares of Uinta Infrastructure Group Corp (“UIGC”) common stock (as defined and amended in the Merger Agreement and described below), provided that, should the Business Combination fail to close for any reason, the Company shall use reasonable efforts to satisfy its obligations under this October 2024 Convertible Note by cash payment in an amount equal to $3,900,000. Any balance under this Note may be prepaid at any time. Additionally, if a Business Combination is not consummated, the October 2024 Convertible Note will be repaid solely to the extent that the Company has funds available to it outside of its Trust Account.

NYSE Delisting

On March 11, 2024, the Company, received correspondence from the Staff of the NYSE indicating that the Staff has determined to commence proceedings to delist the Company’s Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, units, each consisting of one share of Class A common stock and one-half of one redeemable warrant, with each warrant exercisable for one share of Class A common stock of the Company and warrants from the NYSE pursuant to Section 802.01B of the NYSE’s Listed Company Manual because the Company had fallen below the NYSE’s continued listing standard requiring a listed acquisition company to maintain an average aggregate global market capitalization attributable to its publicly-held shares over a consecutive 30 trading day period of at least $40,000,000.

On March 11, 2024 the Company’s securities were delisted from the NYSE and effective March 12, 2024, the Company’s securities were available for trading in the over-the-counter (OTC Pink) market.

Proposed Business Combination

Merger Agreement

On August 12, 2024, the Company entered into the Merger Agreement by and among the parties thereto. The SPAC Board unanimously approved the Merger Agreement and the Mergers and resolved to recommend the approval and adoption of the Merger Agreement and the proposed Business Combination by the stockholders of SPAC. The proposed Business Combination is expected to be consummated after obtaining the required approvals by the stockholders of SPAC and the Requisite Members of TSH Company and the satisfaction of certain other customary closing conditions.

On November 8, 2024, SPAC entered into Amendment No. 1, on December 31, 2024, SPAC entered into Amendment No. 2, on April 30, 2025, SPAC entered into the Waiver, and on May 14, 2025, SPAC entered into Amendment No. 3.

Effect of Company Merger on Issued and Outstanding Company Membership Interests and Limited Liability Company Interests of Company Merger.

At the Effective Time (as defined in the Merger Agreement), by virtue of the Company Merger, and without any action on the part of any Party (as defined in the Merger Agreement) or any action on the part of the holders of securities of any Party, among other things:

(i) Each issued and outstanding Company Membership Interest (other than the Rollover Interests (as defined in the Merger Agreement)) shall be converted automatically into, and thereafter represent, the right to receive, and the holder of such Company Membership Interest shall be entitled to receive the Company Merger Consideration (as defined in the Merger Agreement).

Effect of SPAC Merger on Issued and Outstanding Securities of SPAC and SPAC Merger Sub

By virtue of the SPAC Merger and without any action on the part of any Party or any action on the part of the holders of securities of any Party:

(i) Immediately prior to the Effective Time, every SPAC Unit shall be automatically separated and the holder thereof shall be deemed to hold one share of SPAC Class A Common Stock and one-half of one SPAC Public Warrant in accordance with the terms of the applicable SPAC Unit.

(ii) Each share of SPAC Common Stock issued and outstanding as of the Effective Time shall, at the Effective Time, be converted automatically into and thereafter represent the right to receive one share of Class A common stock of Holdings, par value $0.0001 per share (“Holdings Class A Common Stock”), following which all shares of SPAC Common Stock shall cease to be outstanding and shall automatically be canceled and shall cease to exist. The holders of shares of SPAC Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall cease to have any rights with respect to such shares, except as provided by the Merger Agreement.

(iii) At the Effective Time, each issued and outstanding SPAC Public Warrant shall be converted into one warrant, entitling the holder to purchase one share of Holdings Class A Common Stock for $11.50 per share (“Holdings Public Warrant”), of like tenor. The SPAC Public Warrants shall cease to be outstanding and shall automatically be canceled and retired and shall cease to exist. Each of the Holdings Public Warrants shall have, and be subject to, substantially the same terms and conditions applicable to the SPAC Public Warrants, except as set forth in the Merger Agreement. At or prior to the Effective Time, the Parties shall take all corporate action necessary to reserve for future issuance and shall maintain such reservation for so long as any of the Holdings Public Warrants remain outstanding, a sufficient number of shares of Holdings Class A Common Stock for delivery upon the exercise of such Holdings Public Warrants.

(v) At the Effective Time, each share of common stock of SPAC Merger Sub outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be converted into an equal number of shares of common stock of SPAC as the surviving corporation after the SPAC Merger (the “SPAC Surviving Subsidiary”), with the same rights, powers and privileges as the shares so converted, and such shares shall constitute the only outstanding shares of capital stock of SPAC Surviving Subsidiary.

Effect of Mergers on Issued and Outstanding Securities of Holdings

Representations and Warranties; Covenants

The Merger Agreement contains representations, warranties and covenants of the Parties that are customary for transactions of this nature. The representations and warranties of the Parties will not survive the closing of the Mergers (the “Closing”). The assertions embodied in those representations, warranties and covenants were made for purposes of the contract among the Parties and are subject to important qualifications and limitations agreed to by the Parties in connection with negotiating the Merger Agreement. The representations, warranties and covenants in the Merger Agreement are also modified in important part by the underlying disclosure schedules which are not filed publicly, and which are subject to a contractual standard of materiality different from that generally applicable to stockholders and were used for the purpose of allocating risk among the Parties rather than establishing matters as facts. The Company does not believe that these schedules contain information that is material to an investment decision. Investors are not third-party beneficiaries under the Merger Agreement and should not rely on the representations, warranties and covenants or any descriptions thereof as characterizations of the actual state of facts or condition of the parties thereto or any of their respective subsidiaries or affiliates.

Conditions to Each Party’s Obligations

The Merger Agreement is subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain customary closing conditions by the Parties thereto, including, among others:

(i) if applicable, the expiration or termination of the waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended;

(ii) the absence of any governmental order, statute, rule or regulation enjoining or prohibiting the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement;

(iii) the effectiveness of the Form S-4 registration statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) with respect to registration of the offer and sale of the shares of Holdings Common Stock and Holdings Public Warrants (as each are defined in the Merger Agreement) to be issued in connection with the Business Combination;

(iv) the approval by the stockholders of SPAC of certain proposals relating to the Merger Agreement and the Business Combination (the “SPAC Stockholder Approval”);

(v) the execution of the Shell Commitment Agreement by the parties thereto; (vi) the Available Closing Date Cash (as defined in the Meger Agreement) being not less than $44,000,000;

(vii) solely with respect to TSH Company, among others conditions: (a) certain representation and warranties of TSH Company being true and correct in all material respects, to applicable standards; (b) each of the agreements and covenants of TSH Company having been performed or complied with in all material respects; (c) the delivery by TSH Company to SPAC of a closing certificate; (d) irrevocable written consents of TSH Company Manager (as defined in the Merger Agreement) and the Requisite Members, in favor of the approval and adoption of the Merger Agreement and the Mergers and the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement (the “Written Consent”); and (e) the execution and delivery of certain Ancillary Agreements (as defined in the Merger Agreement); and

(viii) solely with respect to SPAC, among others conditions: (a) certain representation and warranties of SPAC being true and correct in all material respects, to applicable standards; (b) each of the agreements and covenants of SPAC having been performed or complied with in all material respects; (c) the delivery by SPAC to TSH Company of a closing certificate; (d) the execution and delivery of certain Ancillary Agreements; (e) receipt of approval for listing on the NYSE, NASDAQ, or NYSE American of Holdings Class A Common Stock and Holdings Public Warrants; and (f) the resignation or removal of the officers and directors of SPAC.

Termination

The Merger Agreement may be terminated at any time prior to the Closing,

(i) by mutual written consent of the Company and SPAC;

(iii) by either TSH Company or SPAC if any Governmental Authority (as defined in the Merger Agreement) shall have enacted, issued, promulgated, enforced or entered any injunction, order, decree or ruling (whether temporary, preliminary or permanent) that has become final and non- appealable and has the effect of making consummation of the proposed Business Combination, including the Mergers, illegal or otherwise preventing or prohibiting consummation of the proposed Business Combination;

(iv) by SPAC if TSH Company shall have failed to deliver the PCAOB Financials (as defined in the Merger Agreement) to SPAC within sixty days after the date of the Merger Agreement;

(v) subject to certain conditions and limitations set forth in the Merger Agreement, by SPAC upon a breach of any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement on the part of TSH Company and its subsidiaries (the “Group Companies”) set forth in the Merger Agreement, or if any representation or warranty of the Group Companies shall have become untrue;

(vii) by written notice from either TSH Company or SPAC to the other if either the Written Consent or the SPAC Stockholder Approval is not obtained.

Ancillary Agreements

Support Agreements

Concurrently with the execution and delivery of the Merger Agreement, (i) the Sponsor entered into the Sponsor Support Agreement with the other parties thereto, pursuant to which, among other things, the Sponsor and certain other parties thereto agreed to vote their respective shares in favor of the proposed Business Combination and to otherwise be bound by its respective obligations under the Merger Agreement, and (ii) certain holders of Company Membership Interests entered into the Company Support Agreement, pursuant to which, among other things, such holders agreed not to change, withdraw, withhold, qualify or modify, or publicly propose to change, withdraw, withhold, qualify or modify, the recommendation of the Company Manager (as defined in the Merger Agreement) in favor of the proposed Business Combination and to otherwise be bound by its respective obligations under the Merger Agreement.

Registration Rights Agreement

Warrant Amendment

In connection with the SPAC Merger, Holdings, SPAC, and the transfer agent for the SPAC Public Warrants will enter into an amendment to the agreement governing such warrants (the “Warrant Amendment”) in a form reasonably satisfactory to the Parties, which will govern the terms and conditions of the Holdings Public Warrants.

Litigation

On September 6, 2024, Tyr Energy filed suit in the County Court at Law, Number 1, Nueces County, Texas against the Company, the Sponsor and certain affiliates of the Sponsor, asserting claims for breach of and tortious interference with a non-disclosure and non-circumvention agreement in connection with the public announcement of the proposed Business Combination, for which Tyr Energy seeks a temporary restraining order and temporary injunction. The Sponsor and its affiliates have specially appeared to dispute specific personal jurisdiction, and all Defendants, including the Company, vehemently dispute liability and intend to vigorously defend against Tyr Energy’s claims.

Amendments to Merger Agreement

On November 8, 2024, the parties entered into Amendment No. 1. On December 31, 2024, the parties entered into Amendment No. 2. The parties have continued and expect to continue regular discussions regarding the execution and timing of the Business Combination and to take all requisite corporate actions to advance towards the closing of the Business Combination.

Amendment to Sponsor Support Agreement

On November 8, 2024, in connection with Amendment No. 1, the parties to the Sponsor Support Agreement entered into an Amendment to Sponsor Support Agreement, pursuant to which the parties agreed, among other things, to replace Holdings with UIGC.

Entry into Non-Binding Letter of Intent with STUSCO

As previously disclosed, on November 6, 2024, the Company entered into the Shell Commitment Agreement with STUSCO, the commencement of which is conditioned upon, among other things, the closing of the Business Combination. Under this prospective arrangement, STUSCO would supply volumes of Crude Feedstock to the Facility and purchase certain crude oil products produced from such feedstock.

The Initial Term is 10 years from the In-Service Date, which In-Service Date is expected to be December 31, 2028, and may be extended by mutual agreement of the parties to the Shell Commitment Agreement. STUSCO will have the Extension Option to extend the Initial Term of the Shell Commitment Agreement to the Option Term. In the event STUSCO elects to exercise its Extension Option, the Shell Commitment Agreement will be automatically renewed for a Renewal Term unless cancelled in writing, by either party, at least 180 days in advance of the end of the Option Term or any Renewal Term, as applicable.

The commencement of the Term of the Shell Commitment Agreement is subject to certain conditions precedent, including the below (collectively, the “Conditions Precedent”):

●

the occurrence of the closing of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, in accordance with the terms and conditions therein;

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the completion necessary refurbishment, construction, permitting, and receipt of approvals of or by the Facility have occurred;

●

the In-Service Date occurring on or before December 31, 2028 (the “In-Service Deadline”);

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the Facility obtaining and maintaining the nameplate capacity for the period required to process 500,000 barrels in a 60-day time frame (the “Nameplate Capacity”), or approximately 15,000 barrels of crude feedstocks per day;

●

the Facility being able to (i) receive Crude Feedstocks that meet certain Required Crude Feedstock Specifications (as defined in the Shell Commitment Agreement) via truck LACT; and (ii) process and deliver LPG, Naphtha, Gasoil, and ULSFO (collectively the “Crude Oil Products”);

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the Facility being able to convert the Crude Feedstock into Crude Oil Products and make available for re-delivery or pick up by STUSCO; and

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the Company delivering to STUSCO an executed subordination agreement in favor of STUSCO, from each third party with a security interest or similar interest in the Crude Oil Products to: (i) recognize STUSCO’s rights to net and offset amounts owed by STUSCO and (ii) subordinate any such lien to STUSCO’s rights.

If the Conditions Precedent do not occur by the In-Service Deadline, then STUSCO has a one-time option to terminate the Shell Commitment Agreement without liability to the Company. STUSCO will have the right to independently determine if the Conditions Precedent have been satisfied or waived, in its sole discretion, acting reasonably and in good faith.

STUSCO will be the sole supplier of Crude Feedstock to the Facility, and the sole purchaser of Crude Oil Products for the initial Nameplate Capacity, and for any expansion capacity for which STUSCO contracts. The Company will be responsible for maintaining operational storage, line fill, tank heels, etc. necessary to operate the Facility. Any capacity that remains uncontracted by STUSCO is exempt from the terms of the Shell Commitment Agreement and may be taken to the open market. STUSCO will have a right of first refusal to any expansion in refining capacity at the Facility. If the Company offers substantially the same services to a third party at more favorable prices, STUSCO will be entitled to receive the same.

STUSCO has no minimum volume commitments for delivery of Crude Feedstocks or offtake of Crude Oil Products to be supplied to or purchased from the Facility during the Term. However, STUSCO does have a Minimum Revenue Commitment (defined below) under the Shell Commitment Agreement. The purchase price of the Crude Feedstock under the Shell Commitment Agreement will be based on WTI CMA NYMEX (M+1) less a specified differential per barrel (the “Differential”). The purchase price for Crude Oil Products will be based on WTI CMA NYMEX (M+1) less the Differential, plus an agreed processing fee (the “Processing Fee”), and subject to an annual escalation with a negotiated cap.

STUSCO will pay the Company a monthly minimum revenue commitment (currently estimated to be $400,000 per month) for a period of five years (the “Monthly Minimum Revenue Commitment”). The total sum of the Monthly Minimum Revenue Commitment payments must equal the total minimum revenue commitment, estimated to be $25,000,000 (the “Total Minimum Revenue Commitment”). Upon the satisfaction of the Total Minimum Revenue Commitment, and if the Facility is not operating due to STUSCO’s election to nominate less than the minimum operational capacity (the “Minimum Operational Capacity”), STUSCO will pay a minimum payment of approximately $50,000 per month (the “Minimum Payment”).

If the average value based on the formula agreed by the parties to the Shell Commitment Agreement for the applicable month of delivery of the Crude Oil Products (the “Crack”) exceeds the established Processing Fee and the Monthly Minimum Revenue Commitment, net of actual losses at the Facility and deemed losses in transportation, any resulting positive difference (“Positive Differential”) will be split 50%/50% between the Company and STUSCO (“Profit Sharing Split”).

Performance under the Shell Commitment Agreement may be excused in connection with certain force majeure events. However, in the event the Company declares a force majeure event with respect to the Facility lasting more than 270 consecutive days, or 270 days in the aggregate over a period of 365 consecutive days, STUSCO will have the option but not the obligation to, exercisable within 30 days after such period: (i) terminate the Shell Commitment Agreement or (ii) extend the Initial Term by the number of days the Facility is under force majeure (a “Force Majeure Extension”). In the event the Facility assets are damaged such that the Facility will be inoperable for at least 18 months, the Company will have no obligation to continue operations, and each of the Company and STUSCO will have the right to terminate the Shell Commitment Agreement. In the event STUSCO terminates the Shell Commitment Agreement for force majeure in accordance with the foregoing, any unused deficiency credit balance will be automatically forfeited.

Upon the approval and in conjunction with the Final Investment Decision of the Uinta Basin Railway (the “UBR”), STUSCO will have a right of first refusal to subscribe to capacity through the rail terminal and on the UBR at the then applicable shipping rates, up to STUSCO’s then existing capacity through the Facility.

The foregoing is a summary of a non-binding letter of intent relating to the Shell Commitment Agreement. The terms and conditions of the final Shell Commitment Agreement to be entered into by the parties thereto, when and if entered into, may differ materially from the terms and conditions described in the non-binding letter of intent summarized above and remain subject to the negotiation and approval of the parties to the Shell Commitment Agreement.

Waiver to Merger Agreement

Results of Operations

We have neither engaged in any operations nor generated any operating revenues to date. Our only activities from inception through March 31, 2025 were organizational activities and those necessary to prepare for the Initial Public Offering and an initial Business Combination. We do not expect to generate any operating revenues until after the completion of our initial Business Combination. We expect to generate non-operating income in the form of interest income on marketable securities held after the Initial Public Offering. We have incurred increased expenses as a result of being a public company (for legal, financial reporting, accounting and auditing compliance), as well as for due diligence and other expenses in connection with searching for, and completing, a Business Combination.

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, we had a net loss of $3,351,335, which consisted of change in fair value of warrant liabilities of $1,881,000, operating costs of $1,035,602, excise tax interest and penalties of $288,390, interest expense of $162,092, change in fair value of conversion event of $12,656, and a provision for income taxes of $5,851, partially offset by the interest and income earned on cash and investment in the Trust Account of $34,256.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, we had a net income of $2,292,526, which consisted of the interest and income earned on cash and investment in the Trust Account of $674,258 and a gain on change in fair value of warrant liabilities of $2,048,200 partially offset by operating costs of $272,128, and a provision for income taxes of $157,804.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

At March 31, 2025, we had $224,204 in cash and a working capital deficit of $15,002,563.

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, cash used in operating activities was $1,004,734. Net loss of $3,351,335 was affected by change in fair value of Warrant Liabilities of $1,881,000, interest and income on cash and Trust Account investments of $34,256, interest expense of $162,092 and change in fair value of conversion event liability of $12,656. Changes in operating assets and liabilities provided $325,109 of cash from operating activities.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, cash used in operating activities was $168,110. Net income of $2,292,526 was affected by a change in the fair value of warrant liabilities of $2,048,200, and interest from marketable securities held in the Trust Account of $674,257. Changes in operating assets and liabilities provided $261,821 of cash for operating activities.

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, cash used in investing activities was $150,000 affected by cash deposited in Trust Account.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, cash provided by investing activities was $50,072,460 including cash deposited in Trust Account of $240,000 and a withdrawal funds from the Trust Account to redeeming stockholders for $50,312,460.

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, cash provided by financing activities was $1,339,000 affected by a proceeds from note payable from a related party of $1,350,000 and repayment of note payable with a related party of $11,000.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, cash used in financing activities was $49,902,460 and included $240,000 in proceeds from a note payable from Sponsor and a related party of the Company for $170,000 and a payment to redeeming stockholders for $50,312,460.

We intend to use substantially all of the funds held in the Trust Account, including any amounts representing interest earned on the Trust Account, which interest shall be net of taxes payable and excluding deferred underwriting commissions, to complete a Business Combination. We may withdraw interest from the Trust Account to pay taxes. To the extent that our share capital or debt is used, in whole or in part, as consideration to complete a Business Combination, the remaining proceeds held in the Trust Account will be used as working capital to finance the operations of the target business or businesses, make other acquisitions and pursue our growth strategies. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company did not make any withdrawals of interest earned in the Trust Account to pay taxes.

At March 31, 2025, we had cash of $224,204 held outside of the Trust Account, advances from related parties for $100,770 used for working capital purposes, a Note Payable due to the Sponsor of the Company for $5,393,225 for extension purposes, Notes Payable due to a related party used for working capital purposes of $1,729,710 an additional working capital loan due to the Sponsor of the Company for $17,935 and a convertible promissory note for $1,500,000. We intend to use the funds held outside the Trust Account primarily to complete the proposed Business Combination.

The Company may need to raise additional funds to meet expenditures required for operating its business as it currently has insufficient funds available to operate the business prior to the initial Business Combination. If the Company is unable to complete an initial Business Combination due to insufficient available funds, it will be forced to cease operations and liquidate the Trust Account.

The Company has incurred and expects to continue to incur significant costs in pursuit of its acquisition plans and while the Company believes it has sufficient access to additional sources of capital, there are no assurances that such additional capital will ultimately be available. In addition, the Company currently has less than 12 months from the date these consolidated financial statements were issued to complete a Business Combination and if the Company is unsuccessful in consummating an initial Business Combination, it is required to liquidate and dissolve. In connection with the Company’s assessment of going concern considerations in accordance with FASB ASC 205-40, “Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern”, management has determined that these factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the next twelve months from the issuance of these consolidated financial statements. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. As is customary for a special purpose acquisition company, if the Company is not able to consummate a Business Combination during the combination period, it will cease all operations and redeem the Public Shares. Management plans to continue its efforts to consummate a Business Combination during the combination period.

Off-Balance Sheet Financing Arrangements

We have no obligations, assets or liabilities, which would be considered off-balance sheet arrangements as of March 31, 2025. We do not participate in transactions that create relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, often referred to as variable interest entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements. We have not entered into any off-balance sheet financing arrangements, established any special purpose entities, guaranteed any debt or commitments of other entities, or purchased any non-financial assets.

Contractual Obligations

During the period ended March 31, 2025, we had two promissory notes with a related party for and aggregate of $1,729,710 to fund working capital and a convertible promissory note for $1,500,000 outstanding. Additionally, at March 31, 2025 we owed an affiliate of the Sponsor $5,393,225 to fund costs related to the extension of the date by which the Company must consummate an initial Business Combination pursuant to the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (as amended on February 9, 2023, August 8, 2023 and February 12, 2024). We had an agreement to pay an affiliate of the Sponsor a monthly fee of $10,000 for office space, secretarial, and administrative services provided to the Company. This monthly fee and the balance due was waived in March 2025.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Derivative Liabilities

In determining the fair value of the Warrants and conversion event, assumptions related to market activity, expected share-price volatility, expected time to consummating a business combination, risk-free interest rate, discount rate, probability of closing on a business combination, and a market adjustment for an implied probability of closing on a business combination are utilized. The Company estimates the volatility, probability of closing on a business combination and market adjustment for implied probability of closing on a business combination based on a set of peer companies. The Company estimates common stock based on historical volatility that matches the expected remaining life of the warrants. The fair value of the warrant liabilities and conversion event liability is subject to change in future periods based on the underlying assumptions and changes in market data.

Recent Accounting Standards

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”), which will require the company to disclose specified additional information in its income tax rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. ASU 2023-09 will also require the company to disaggregate its income taxes paid disclosure by federal, state and foreign taxes, with further disaggregation required for significant individual jurisdictions. ASU 2023-09 will become effective for Annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The company is still reviewing the impact of ASU 2023-09.

Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information otherwise required under this Item.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As required by Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2025. Based upon their evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15 (e) and 15d-15 (e) under the Exchange Act) were not effective due to the inadequate controls around the calculation of amounts due and payment of funds from the Trust Account to redeeming shareholders. A material weakness, as defined in the SEC regulations, is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. In light of this material weaknesses, we performed additional analysis as deemed necessary to ensure that our financial statements were prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

Management plans to remediate the material weakness by enhancing our control process around the calculation of amounts due to and payment of funds from the Trust Account to redeeming shareholders. The elements of our remediation plan can only be accomplished over time, and these initiatives may not ultimately have the intended effects.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

During the most recently completed fiscal quarter, there has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those in this Quarterly Report are any of the risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 24, 2025. Any of these factors could result in a significant or material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition. Additional risk factors not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business or results of operations. As of the date of this Quarterly Report, there have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 24, 2025. We may disclose changes to such factors or disclose additional factors from time to time in our future filings with the SEC.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

None.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each such term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

The following exhibits are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

No.		Description of Exhibit
3.1		Amended & Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities & Exchange Commission on November 16, 2021).
3.2		First Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities & Exchange Commission on February 10, 2023).
3.3		Second Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities & Exchange Commission on August 11, 2023).
3.4		Third Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities & Exchange Commission on February 14, 2024).
3.5		By-Laws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC on May 21, 2021).
10.1		Promissory Note, dated as of February 8, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities & Exchange Commission on February 14, 2024).
10.2		Amended & Restated Promissory Note, dated as of January 10, 2025
31.1		Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a), as adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2		Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a), as adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1*		Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2*		Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS		Inline XBRL Instance Document-the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

These certifications are furnished to the SEC pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and are deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, nor shall they be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.

SIGNATURES

In accordance with the requirements of the Exchange Act, the registrant caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	INTEGRATED RAIL AND RESOURCES ACQUISITION CORP.

Date: May 20, 2025	By:	/s/ Mark A. Michel
	Name:	Mark A. Michel
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer and Chairman
		(Principal Executive Officer)

Date: May 20, 2025	By:	/s/ Timothy J. Fisher
	Name:	Timothy J. Fisher
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer, President and Vice Chairman
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

SEC Form 10-Q filed by Integrated Rail and Resources Acquisition Corp.