cdzi20230331

cdzi20230331_10q.htm

united states

Securities and Exchange Commission

Washington, D. C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☑ Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023

☐ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

for the transition period from …… to …….

Commission File Number 0-12114

Cadiz Inc.

(Exact name of registrant specified in its charter)

Delaware	77-0313235
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)	Identification No.)

550 South Hope Street, Suite 2850
Los Angeles, California	90071
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (213) 271-1600

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share	CDZI	The NASDAQ Global Market
Depositary Shares (each representing a 1/1000^th fractional interest in share of 8.875% Series A Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share)	CDZIP	The NASDAQ Global Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer", "smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

☐ Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☑ Non-accelerated filer

☑ Smaller Reporting Company ☐ Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by checkmark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2). Yes ☐ No ☑

As of May 10, 2023, the Registrant had 66,595,606 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding.

*Fiscal First Quarter 2023 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q*	*Page*

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Financial Statements

Cadiz Inc. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	1

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022	2

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	3

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	4

Unaudited Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	6

ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	20

ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	26

ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures	26

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings	27

ITEM 1A. Risk Factors	27

ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	27

ITEM 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	27

ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	27

ITEM 5. Other Information	27

ITEM 6. Exhibits	28

Cadiz Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited)

	For the Three Months
	Ended March 31,
*($ in thousands, except per share data)*	2023			2022

Total revenues	$	130		$	142

Costs and expenses:
General and administrative		3,953			3,806
Depreciation		329			121

Total costs and expenses		4,282			3,927

Operating loss		(4,152	)		(3,785	)

Interest expense		(1,504	)		(1,991	)
Interest income		168			-
Gain on derivative liability		130			-
Loss on early extinguishment of debt		(5,331	)		-

Loss before income taxes		(10,689	)		(5,776	)
Income tax expense		(2	)		(2	)
Loss from equity-method investments		-			(134	)

Net loss and comprehensive loss	$	(10,691	)	$	(5,912	)

Less: Preferred stock dividend		(1,265	)		(1,265	)

Net loss and comprehensive loss applicable to common stock	$	(11,956	)	$	(7,177	)

Basic and diluted net loss per common share	$	(0.19	)	$	(0.16	)

Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding		62,638			44,433

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Cadiz Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)

	March 31,			December 31,
*($ in thousands, except per share data)*	2023			2022

ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	26,277		$	9,997
Restricted cash		1,265			1,288
Accounts receivable		225			454
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		1,690			696
Total current assets		29,457			12,435

Property, plant, equipment and water programs, net		85,199			84,138
Long-term deposit/prepaid expenses		420			420
Goodwill		5,714			5,714
Right-of-use asset		524			553
Long-term restricted cash		1,232			2,497
Other assets		5,001			5,030
Total assets	$	127,547		$	110,787

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	1,404		$	1,107
Accrued liabilities		1,070			1,545
Current portion of long-term debt		131			140
Dividend payable		1,265			1,288
Contingent consideration liabilities		1,450			1,450
Operating lease liabilities		109			109
Total current liabilities		5,429			5,639

Long-term debt, net		36,620			48,950
Long-term lease obligations with related party, net		21,251			20,745
Derivative liabilities		2,220			-
Long-term operating lease liabilities		418			444
Deferred revenue		750			750
Other long-term liabilities		37			36
Total liabilities		66,725			76,564

Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)

Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock - $.01 par value; 100,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022; shares issued and outstanding – 329 at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022		1			1
8.875% Series A cumulative, perpetual preferred stock - $.01 par value; 7,500 shares authorized at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022; shares issued and outstanding – 2,300 at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022		1			1
Common stock - $.01 par value; 70,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022; shares issued and outstanding – 66,541,262 at March 31, 2023 and 55,823,810 at December 31, 2022		663			556
Additional paid-in capital		675,411			636,963
Accumulated deficit		(615,254	)		(603,298	)
Total stockholders’ equity		60,822			34,223
Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit	$	127,547		$	110,787

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Cadiz Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

	For the Three Months
	Ended March 31,
*($ in thousands)*	2023			2022

Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(10,691	)		(5,912	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation		329			121
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs		194			568
Amortization of right-of-use asset		29			6
Interest expense added to loan principal		166			-
Interest expense added to lease liability		500			442
Unrealized gain on derivative liability		(130	)		-
Loss on early extinguishment of debt		5,331			-
Loss on equity method investments		-			134
Compensation charge for stock and share option awards		326			433
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		229			146
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(994	)		(102	)
Other assets		29			(271	)
Accounts payable		523			664
Lease liabilities		(26	)		(246	)
Other accrued liabilities		116			795

Net cash used in operating activities		(4,069	)		(3,222	)

Cash flows from investing activities:
Additions to property, plant and equipment and water programs		(2,206	)		(530	)
Contributions to equity-method investments		-			(100	)

Net cash used in investing activities		(2,206	)		(630	)

Cash flows from financing activities:
Net proceeds from issuance of stock		38,490			11,741
Dividend payments		(1,288	)		(1,288	)
Principal payments on long-term debt		(15,047	)		(35	)
Issuance costs of long-term debt		(27	)		-
Costs for early extinguishment of debt		(600	)		-
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards		(261	)		-

Net cash provided by financing activities		21,267			10,418

Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		14,992			6,566

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period		13,782			19,856

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	28,774		$	26,422

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Cadiz Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 ($ in thousands, except share data)

									8.875% Series A Cumulative				Additional					Total
	Common Stock				Preferred Stock				Perpetual Preferred Stock				Paid-in		Accumulated			Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital		Deficit			Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2022		55,823,810	$	556		329	$	1		2,300	$	1	$	636,963	$	(603,298	)	$	34,223

Stock-based compensation expense		217,452		2		-		-		-		-		63		-			65
Issuance of shares pursuant to direct offerings		10,500,000		105		-		-		-		-		38,385		-			38,490
Dividends declared on 8.875% series A cumulative perpetual preferred shares ($550 per share)		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		(1,265	)		(1,265	)
Net loss and comprehensive loss		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		(10,691	)		(10,691	)

Balance as of March 31, 2023		66,541,262		663		329	$	1		2,300	$	1		675,411		(615,254	)		60,822

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Cadiz Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

For the three months ended March 31, 2022 ($ in thousands, except share data)

									8.875% Series A Cumulative				Additional					Total
	Common Stock				Preferred Stock				Perpetual Preferred Stock				Paid-in		Accumulated			Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital		Deficit			Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2021		43,656,169	$	435		329	$	1		2,300	$	1	$	613,572	$	(573,400	)	$	40,609

Stock-based compensation expense		236,995		2		-		-		-		-		431		-			433
Issuance of shares pursuant to direct offerings		6,857,140		69		-		-		-		-		11,672		-			11,741
Dividends declared on 8.875% series A cumulative perpetual preferred shares ($550 per share)		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		(1,265	)		(1,265	)
Net loss and comprehensive loss		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		(5,912	)		(5,912	)

Balance as of March 31, 2022		50,750,304		506		329	$	1		2,300	$	1		625,675		(580,577	)		45,606

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Cadiz Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 1 – BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and notes have been prepared by Cadiz Inc., also referred to as “Cadiz” or “the Company”, without audit and should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

The foregoing Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and contain all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which management considers necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial position, the results of its operations and its cash flows for the periods presented and have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates and such differences may be material to the financial statements. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023, are not necessarily indicative of results for the entire fiscal year ending December 31, 2023.

Liquidity

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company have been prepared using accounting principles applicable to a going concern, which assumes realization of assets and settlement of liabilities in the normal course of business.

The Company incurred losses of $10.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $5.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The Company had working capital of $24.0 million at March 31, 2023, and used cash in its operations of $4.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The higher loss in 2023 was primarily due to a loss on early extinguishment of debt in the amount of $5.3 million resulting from issuance of a conversion instrument, a repayment fee and elimination of debt discount associated with the paydown of $15 million of senior secured debt in February 2023, offset by higher compensation costs related to stock based non-cash bonus awards to employees and an increase in interest expense in 2022.

Cash requirements during the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily reflect certain administrative costs related to the Company’s agricultural operations, water treatment business and the ongoing development of the Company’s land, water, infrastructure and technology assets for water solutions including the Cadiz Water Conservation & Storage Project (“Water Project”). The Company’s present activities are focused on the development of its assets in ways that meet growing long-term demand for access to safe and reliable clean water supplies.

On January 30, 2023, the Company completed the sale and issuance of 10,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to certain institutional investors in a registered direct offering ( “January 2023 Direct Offering”). The shares of common stock were sold at a purchase price of $3.84 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds of $40.32 million and aggregate net proceeds of approximately $38.5 million. A portion of the proceeds were used to repay the Company’s debt in the principal amount of $15 million, together with fees and interest required to be paid in connection with such repayment under the Credit Agreement. The remaining proceeds will be used for capital expenditures to accelerate development of the Company’s water supply project, working capital and development of additional water resources to meet increased demand on an accelerated timetable.

Cadiz Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

On February 2, 2023, the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Cadiz Real Estate LLC, as borrowers (collectively, the “Borrowers”) entered into a First Amendment to Credit Agreement with BRF Finance Co., LLC (“Lenders”) and B. Riley Securities, Inc., (“BRS”) as administrative agent, to amend certain provisions of the Credit Agreement dated as of July 2, 2021 (“First Amended Credit Agreement”), Under the First Amended Credit Agreement, the lenders will have a right to convert up to $15 million of outstanding principal, plus any PIK interest and any accrued and unpaid interest (the “Convertible Loan”) into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price of $4.80 per share (the “Conversion Price”) (see “Note 3 – Long-Term Debt”, below).

The Company may meet its debt and working capital requirements through a variety of means, including extension, refinancing, equity placements, the sale or other disposition of assets, or reductions in operating costs. The covenants in the senior secured debt do not prohibit the Company’s use of additional equity financing and allow the Company to retain 100% of the proceeds of any common equity financing. The Company does not expect the loan covenants to materially limit its ability to finance its asset development activities.

Management assesses whether the Company has sufficient liquidity to fund its costs for the next twelve months from each financial statement issuance date. Management evaluates the Company’s liquidity to determine if there is a substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. In the preparation of this liquidity assessment, management applies judgement to estimate the projected cash flows of the Company including the following: (i) projected cash outflows (ii) projected cash inflows, (iii) categorization of expenditures as discretionary versus non-discretionary and (iv) the ability to raise capital. The cash flow projections are based on known or planned cash requirements for operating costs as well as planned costs for project development.

Limitations on the Company’s liquidity and ability to raise capital may adversely affect it. Sufficient liquidity is critical to meet the Company’s resource development activities. Although the Company currently expects its sources of capital to be sufficient to meet its near-term liquidity needs, there can be no assurance that its liquidity requirements will continue to be satisfied. If the Company cannot raise needed funds, it might be forced to make substantial reductions in its operating expenses, which could adversely affect its ability to implement its current business plan and ultimately its viability as a company.

Supplemental Cash Flow Information

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, approximately $537,000 in interest payments on the Company’s senior secured debt was paid in cash and approximately $166,000 was recorded as interest payable in kind. There are no scheduled principal payments due on the senior secured debt prior to its maturity.

Cadiz Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

At March 31, 2023, accruals for cash dividends payable on the Series A Preferred Stock was $1.27 million (see Note 9 – “Common and Preferred Stock”). The cash dividends were paid on April 14, 2023.

The balance of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows is comprised of the following:

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		March 31, 2022
*(in thousands)*

Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	26,277	$	9,997	$	18,819
Restricted Cash		1,265		1,288		1,265
Long Term Restricted Cash		1,232		2,497		6,338
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows	$	28,774	$	13,782	$	26,422

The restricted cash amounts primarily represent funds deposited into a segregated account, representing an amount sufficient to pre-fund quarterly dividend payments on Series A Preferred Stock underlying the Depositary Shares issued in the Depositary Share Offering through approximately July 2023.

ATEC Water Systems, LLC

On November 9, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of the assets of ATEC Systems, Inc. into ATEC Water Systems, LLC (“ATEC”), a water filtration technology company, at a purchase price of up to $2.2 million (“ATEC Acquisition”). The final allocation of purchase consideration to assets and liabilities is ongoing as the Company continues to evaluate certain balances, estimates and assumptions during the measurement period. Consistent with the allowable time to complete the Company’s assessment, the valuation of certain acquired assets and liabilities, including environmental liabilities and income taxes, is currently pending finalization.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Guidance Adopted

In June 2016, Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued an accounting standards update which introduces new guidance for the accounting for credit losses on certain financial instruments. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this new standard on January 1, 2023 had no impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Cadiz Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 2 – REPORTABLE SEGMENTS

The Company currently operates in two segments based upon its organizational structure and the way in which its operations are managed and evaluated. The Company’s largest segment is Land and Water Resources, which comprises all activities regarding its properties in the eastern Mojave Desert including development of the Water Project, and agricultural operations. The Company’s second operating segment is its water treatment business, ATEC Water Systems LLC (“ATEC”) which provides innovative water filtration solutions for impaired or contaminated groundwater sources. The Company acquired the assets of ATEC Systems, Inc. in November 2022 into its new subsidiary ATEC. There were no intersegment sales during the quarter.

We evaluate our performance based on segment operating (loss). Interest expense, income tax expense and losses related to equity method investments are excluded from the computation of operating (loss) for the segments. Segment net revenue, segment operating expenses and segment operating (loss) information consisted of the following for the three months ended March 31, 2023:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
(in thousands)	Land and Water Resources			Water Treatment			Total

Revenues	$	130		$	-		$	130

Total revenues		130			-			130

Costs and expenses:
General and administrative		3,789			164			3,953
Depreciation		278			51			329

Total costs and expenses		4,067			215			4,282

Operating loss	$	(3,937	)	$	(215	)	$	(4,152	)

The Company only operated in one segment during the three months ended March 31, 2022 as the water treatment segment did not exist prior to the ATEC Acquisition in November 2022.

Assets by operating segment are as follows (dollars in thousands):

	March 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
Operating Segment:
Water and Land Resources	$	124,050	$	107,439
Water Treatment		3,497		3,348
	$	127,547	$	110,787

Goodwill by operating segment is as follows (dollars in thousands):

	March 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
Operating Segment:
Water and Land Resources	$	3,813	$	3,813
Water Treatment		1,901		1,901
	$	5,714	$	5,714

Property, plant, equipment and water programs consist of the following (dollars in thousands):

	March 31, 2023
	Water and Land Resources			Water Treatment

Land and land improvements	$	32,038		$	-
Water programs		29,366			-
Pipeline		22,092			-
Buildings		1,715			-
Leasehold improvements, furniture and fixtures		1,606			3
Machinery and equipment		3,478			176
Construction in progress		3,195			-
		93,490			179
Less accumulated depreciation		(8,419	)		(51	)
	$	85,071		$	128

	December 31, 2022
	Water and Land Resources			Water Treatment

Land and land improvements	$	30,579		$	-
Water programs		29,210			-
Pipeline		22,091			-
Buildings		1,715			-
Leasehold improvements, furniture and fixtures		1,606			3
Machinery and equipment		3,229			166
Construction in progress		3,680			-
		92,110			169
Less accumulated depreciation		(8,141	)		-
	$	83,969		$	169

NOTE 3 – LONG-TERM DEBT

The carrying value of the Company’s senior secured debt approximates fair value. The fair value of the Company’s senior secured debt (Level 2) is determined based on an estimation of discounted future cash flows of the debt at rates currently quoted or offered to the Company by its lenders for similar debt instruments of comparable maturities by its lenders.

On July 2, 2021, the Company entered into a new $50 million senior secured credit agreement (“Credit Agreement”) with Lenders and BRS, as administrative agent for the Lenders (“Senior Secured Debt”). The obligations under the Senior Secured Debt are secured by substantially all of the Company’s assets on a first-priority basis (except as otherwise provided in the Credit Agreement). In connection with any repayment or prepayment of the debt, the Company is required to pay a repayment fee equal to the principal amount being repaid or prepaid, multiplied by (i) 4.0%, if such repayment or prepayment is made on or after the eighteen-month anniversary of the closing of the debt and prior to the thirty-month anniversary of the closing of the debt, and (ii) 6.0%, if such repayment or prepayment is made at any time after the thirty-month anniversary of the closing of the debt. At any time, the Company will be permitted to prepay the principal of the debt, in whole or in part, provided that such prepayment is accompanied by any accrued interest on such principal amount being prepaid plus the applicable repayment fee described above.

Cadiz Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

On February 2, 2023, the Company entered into a First Amendment to Credit Agreement to amend certain provisions of the Credit Agreement (“First Amended Credit Agreement”). In connection with the First Amended Credit Agreement, the Company repaid $15 million of the Senior Secured Debt together with fees and interest required to be paid in connection with such repayment under the Credit Agreement. Under the First Amended Credit Agreement, the lenders will have a right to convert up to $15 million of outstanding principal, plus any PIK interest and any accrued and unpaid interest (the “Convertible Loan”) into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price of $4.80 per share (the “Conversion Price”). The lenders’ right to convert is conditioned upon the Company obtaining stockholder approval of an amendment to its certificate of incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of the Company at its next annual meeting of stockholders, expected to be held in June 2023 (“Stockholder Approval”). Additionally, the maturity date of the Credit Agreement was extended from July 2, 2024, to June 30, 2025. Upon obtaining the Stockholder Approval as described below and so long as there is no event of default under certain provisions of the Credit Agreement, the maturity date for the Credit Agreement will automatically be extended to June 30, 2026, unless the maturity is accelerated subject to the terms of the Credit Agreement. The annual interest rate remains unchanged at 7.00%. Interest on $20 million of the principal amount will be paid in cash. Interest on the $15 million principal amount of the Convertible Loan will be paid in kind on a quarterly basis by addition such amount to the outstanding principal amount of the outstanding Convertible Loan. The amendment was recorded as a debt extinguishment.

As a result of the First Amended Credit Agreement, the Company bifurcated the new conversion option from the debt and recorded a derivative liability. As of the effective date of the amendment, the derivative liability had a fair value of approximately $2.4 million. The fair value of the derivative liability will be remeasured each reporting period using an option pricing model, and the change in fair value will be recorded as an adjustment to the derivative liability with the change in fair value recorded as income or expense. Total increase in the fair value of the derivative liability of $130 thousand was recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2023. In addition, the loss on early extinguishment of debt included $2.0 million of repayment fees for both repaid and amended principal and $980 thousand of unamortized debt issuance costs.

In the event of certain asset sales, the incurrence of indebtedness or a casualty or condemnation event, in each case, under certain circumstances as described in the Credit Agreement, the Company will be required to use a portion of the proceeds to prepay amounts under the debt. In the event of any additional issuance of depositary receipts (“Depositary Receipts”) representing interests in shares of 8.875% Series A Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock (“Series A Preferred Stock”) by the Company, the Company will be required to, within five business days after the receipt of the net cash proceeds, apply 75% of the net cash proceeds to prepay amounts due under the debt (including the applicable repayment fee described above).

Cadiz Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

The Credit Agreement includes customary affirmative and negative covenants, including delivery of financial statements and other reports. The negative covenants limit the ability of the Company to, among other things, incur debt, incur liens, make investments, sell assets, pay dividends and enter into transactions with affiliates. In addition, the Credit Agreement includes customary events of default and remedies.

While any amount remains outstanding under the debt, the Lenders will have the right to convert the outstanding principal, plus unpaid interest, on the debt into Depositary Receipts at the per share exchange price of $25.00, as follows:

●

at any time after the 18-month anniversary of the closing of the debt, and on or before the 24-month anniversary of the closing of the debt, up to 75% of the principal and unpaid interest on the debt may be exchanged into Depositary Receipts; and

●

at any time after the 24-month anniversary of the closing of the debt, up to 100% of the principal and unpaid interest on the debt may be exchanged for Depositary Receipts.

In connection with the issuance of the Senior Secured Debt, on July 2, 2021 (the “Original Issue Date”) the Company issued to the Lenders two warrants (“A Warrants” and “B Warrants”), each granting an option to purchase 500,000 shares of our common stock (collectively, the “Warrants”). The A Warrants may be exercised any time prior to July 2, 2024 (the “Expiration Date”) and have an exercise price of $17.38 equal to 120% of the closing price per share of our common stock on the Original Issue Date. The B Warrants may be exercised in the period from 180 days after the Original Issue Date to the Expiration Date and have an exercise price of $21.72 equal to 150% of the closing price of our common stock on the Original Issue Date.

NOTE 4 – STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS

The Company has issued options and has granted stock awards pursuant to its 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, as described below.

2019 Equity Incentive Plan

The 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (“2019 EIP”) was originally approved by stockholders at the July 10, 2019 Annual Meeting, with an amendment to the plan approved by stockholders at the July 12, 2022 Annual Meeting. The plan, as amended, provides for the grant and issuance of up to 2,700,000 shares and options to the Company’s employees, directors and consultants.

Effective July 1, 2021, under the 2019 EIP, each outside director receives $75,000 of cash compensation and receives a deferred stock award consisting of shares of the Company’s common stock with a value equal to $25,000 on June 30 of each year. The award accrues on a quarterly basis, with $18,750 of cash compensation and $6,250 of stock earned for each fiscal quarter in which a director serves. The deferred stock award vests automatically on the January 31 that first follows the award date.

Cadiz Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Stock Awards to Directors, Officers, and Consultants

The Company has granted stock awards pursuant to its 2019 EIP.

Of the total 2,700,000 shares reserved under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended, 1,837,043 shares and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) have been awarded to the Company directors, employees and consultants as of March 31, 2023. Of the 1,837,043 shares and RSUs awarded, 65,200 shares were awarded to the Company’s directors for services performed during the plan year ended June 30, 2022. These shares vested and were issued on January 31, 2023.

825,000 RSUs were granted to employees in April 2021 as long-term equity incentive awards ( “April 2021 RSU Grant”). Of the 825,000 RSUs granted under the April 2021 RSU Grant, 510,000 RSUs were scheduled to vest upon completion of certain milestones, including (a) 255,000 RSUs which vested in July 2021 upon completion of refinancing of the Company’s then existing senior secured debt and funding to complete the purchase of the northern Pipeline (“ Northern Pipeline Vesting Event”), and (b) 255,000 RSUs scheduled to vest upon completion of final binding water supply agreement(s) for the delivery of at least 9,500 acre-feet of water per annum to customers. Of the remaining 315,000 RSUs granted under the April 2021 RSU Grant, 60,000 RSUs vested and were issued on January 3, 2023, and 255,000 RSUs vested and were issued on March 1, 2023. Additionally, in July 2022, 60,000 RSUs were granted to employees as long-term equity incentive awards ( “July 2022 RSU Grant”). The RSUs granted under the July 2022 RSU Grant are scheduled to vest on January 2, 2024. The RSU incentive awards are subject in each case to continued employment with the Company through the vesting date.

Of the 255,000 RSUs earned upon the Northern Pipeline Vesting Event, the Company issued 158,673 shares net of taxes withheld and paid in cash by the Company. Of the 255,000 RSUs issued on March 1, 2023, the Company issued 158,673 shares net of taxes withheld and paid in cash by the Company.

Upon the change of the Company’s Executive Chair on February 4, 2022, a total of 170,000 unvested RSUs were accelerated and became fully vested as a result of an amended employee agreement, which included 85,000 RSUs scheduled to vest upon completion of final binding water supply agreement(s) and 85,000 RSUs scheduled to vest on March 1, 2023.

Additionally, the Company issued 450,000 of performance stock units (“PSUs”) upon achievement of certain performance events. The PSUs vest upon the Company’s common stock achieving price hurdles (“Price Hurdles”) but not sooner than three years from date of grant, including (a) 200,000 PSUs to vest upon a Price Hurdle of $7 per share, (b) 150,000 PSUs to vest upon a Price Hurdle of $9 per share, (c) 50,000 PSUs to vest upon a Price Hurdle of $11 per share, and (d) 50,000 PSUs to vest upon a Price Hurdle of $13 per share and are payable, at the option of the Compensation Committee, in either common stock or cash. The PSU incentive award is subject to continue employment with the Company through the vesting date.

The accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss include approximately $326,000 and $433,000 of stock-based compensation expense related to stock awards in the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Cadiz Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 5 – INCOME TAXES

As of March 31, 2023, the Company had net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards of approximately $336 million for federal income tax purposes and $289 million for California state income tax purposes. Such carryforwards expire in varying amounts through the year 2037 and 2042 for federal and California purposes, respectively. For federal losses arising in tax years ending after December 31, 2017, the NOL carryforwards are allowed indefinitely. Use of the carryforward amounts is subject to an annual limitation as a result of a previous ownership change and an ownership change that occurred in June 2021.

As of March 31, 2023, the Company's unrecognized tax benefits were immaterial.

The Company's tax years 2019 through 2022 remain subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service, and tax years 2018 through 2022 remain subject to examination by California tax jurisdictions. In addition, the Company's loss carryforward amounts are generally subject to examination and adjustment for a period of three years for federal tax purposes and four years for California purposes, beginning when such carryovers are utilized to reduce taxes in a future tax year.

Because it is more likely than not that the Company will not realize its net deferred tax assets, it has recorded a full valuation allowance against all deferred assets. Accordingly, no deferred tax asset has been reflected in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.

NOTE 6 – NET LOSS PER COMMON SHARE

Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average common shares outstanding. Options, deferred stock units, convertible debt, convertible preferred shares and warrants were not considered in the computation of net loss per share because their inclusion would have been antidilutive. Had these instruments been included, the fully diluted weighted average shares outstanding would have increased by approximately 1,819,000 and 1,533,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Shares related to the Convertible Loan have been excluded until stockholder approval is obtained.

NOTE 7 – LEASES & PROPERTY, PLANT, EQUIPMENT AND WATER PROGRAMS

The Company has operating leases for right-of-way agreements, corporate offices, vehicles and office equipment. The Company’s leases have remaining lease terms of 1 month to 43 months as of March 31, 2023, some of which include options to extend or terminate the lease. However, the Company is not reasonably certain to exercise options to renew or terminate, and therefore renewal and termination options are not included in the lease term. The Company does not have any finance leases.

Cadiz Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

As a lessor, in February 2016, the Company entered into a lease agreement with Fenner Valley Farms LLC (“FVF”) (the “lessee”), pursuant to which FVF is leasing, for a 99-year term, 2,100 acres owned by Cadiz in San Bernardino County, California, to be used to plant, grow and harvest agricultural crops (“FVF Lease Agreement”). As consideration for the lease, FVF paid the Company a one-time payment of $12.0 million upon closing. The Company expects to receive rental income of $420,000 annually over the next five years related to the FVF Lease Agreement.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, $1,429,000 on construction in progress was placed into service, which included land development, irrigation systems and stand establishment related to the planting of 160 acres of alfalfa.

Depreciation expense on land improvements, buildings, leasehold improvements, machinery and equipment and furniture and fixtures was $329,000 and $121,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

NOTE 8 – FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Fair values determined by Level 1 inputs utilize quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. The Company considers a security that trades at least weekly to have an active market. Fair values determined by Level 2 inputs utilize data points that are observable, such as quoted prices, interest rates and yield curves. Fair values determined by Level 3 inputs are unobservable data points for the asset or liability, and include situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability.

In 2022, the Company recorded a contingent consideration liability in the amount of $1.45 million related to the purchase price of the ATEC acquisition for amounts payable upon the sale of a requisite number of water filtration units under an asset purchase agreement.

(in thousands)	Level 1 Assets

Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	-

Investments in certificates of deposit		25,649

Balance as of March 31, 2023	$	25,649

(in thousands)	Level 3 Liabilities

Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	(1,450	)

Derivative liabilities		(2,350	)
Unrealized gains on derivative liabilities		130

Balance as of March 31, 2023	$	3,670

Cadiz Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

	Investments at Fair Value as of March 31, 2023
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total

Assets

Certificates of Deposit	$	25,649	$	-	$	-	$	25,649

Total Assets	$	25,649	$	-	$	-	$	25,649

Liabilities

Contingent consideration liabilities	$	-	$	-	$	1,450	$	1,450
Derivative liabilities	$	-	$	-	$	2,220	$	2,220

Total Liabilities	$	-	$	-	$	3,670	$	3,670

NOTE 9 – COMMON AND PREFERRED STOCK

Common Stock

The Company is authorized to issue 70 million shares of Common Stock at a $0.01 par value. As of March 31, 2023, the Company had 66,541,262 shares issued and outstanding.

In January 2013, the Company revised its then existing agreement with the law firm of Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck LLP (“Brownstein”), a related party. Under this agreement, the Company is to issue up to a total of 400,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, with 200,000 shares earned to date and 100,000 shares to be earned upon the achievement of each of two remaining milestones as follows:

■

100,000 shares earned upon the signing of binding agreements for more than 51% of the Water Project’s annual capacity, which is not yet earned; and

■

100,000 shares earned upon the commencement of construction of all of the major facilities contemplated in the Final Environmental Impact Report necessary for the completion and delivery of the Water Project, which is not yet earned.

All shares earned upon achievement of any of the remaining two milestones will be payable three years from the date earned.

Series 1 Preferred Stock

The Company has issued a total of 10,000 shares of Series 1 Preferred Stock (“Series 1 Preferred Stock”) to certain holders (“Holders”) under certain conversion and exchange agreements entered into in March 2020. Each share of Series 1 Preferred Stock is convertible at any time at the option of the Holder into 405.05 shares of Common Stock. As of March 31, 2023, Holders of Series 1 Preferred Stock exercised their option to convert 9,671 shares of Series 1 Preferred Stock into 3,917,235 shares of Common Stock. The Company has 329 shares of Series 1 Preferred Stock issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2023.

Cadiz Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Series A Preferred Stock

On June 29, 2021, the Company entered into an Underwriting Agreement with BRS as representative of the several underwriters named there, to issue and sell an aggregate of 2,000,000 depositary shares (the “Depositary Shares”), as well as up to 300,000 Depositary Shares sold pursuant to the exercise of an option to purchase additional Depositary Shares (“Depositary Share Offering”), each representing 1/1000^th of a share of the 8.875% Series A Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock (the “Series A Preferred Stock”). The Depositary Share Offering was completed on July 2, 2021, for net proceeds of approximately $54 million.

On July 1, 2021, the Company filed the Certificate of Designation (“Certificate of Designation”) for the Series A Preferred Stock with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, which became effective upon acceptance for record. The Certificate of Designation classified a total of 7,500 shares of the Company’s authorized shares of preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share, as Series A Preferred Stock.

As set forth in the Certificate of Designation, the Series A Preferred Stock will rank, as to dividend rights and rights upon the Company’s liquidation, dissolution or winding up: (i) senior to Common Stock of the Company; (ii) junior to the Series 1 Preferred Stock with respect to the distribution of assets upon the Company’s voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up; (iii) senior to the Series 1 Preferred Stock with respect to the payment of dividends and (iv) effectively junior to all the Company’s existing and future indebtedness (including indebtedness convertible into Common Stock or preferred stock) and to the indebtedness and other liabilities of (as well as any preferred equity interests held by others in) the Company’s existing or future subsidiaries.

Holders of Series A Preferred Stock, when and as authorized by the Company’s Board of Directors, are entitled to cumulative cash dividends at the rate of 8.875% of the $25,000.00 ($25.00 per Depositary Share) liquidation preference per year (equivalent to $2,218.75 per share per year or $2.21875 per Depositary Share per year). Dividends will be payable quarterly in arrears, on or about the 15^th of January, April, July and October, beginning on or about October 15, 2021. As of March 31, 2023, the Company has paid aggregate cash dividends of $7,843,000. On March 22, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors declared that holders of Series A Preferred stock will receive a cash dividend equal to $550.00 per whole share; therefore, holders of Depositary Shares will receive a cash dividend equal to $0.55 per Depositary Share. The dividend was paid on April 14, 2023, to respective holders of record as of the close of business on April 4, 2023.

At the issuance of the Series A Preferred Stock, the Company pre-funded eight quarterly payments through July 2023 in a segregated account which appears as Restricted Cash on the Balance Sheet. Dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock underlying the depositary shares will continue to accumulate whether or not (i) any of our agreements prohibit the current payment of dividends, (ii) we have earnings or funds legally available to pay the dividends, or (iii) our Board of Directors does not declare the payment of the dividends.

Cadiz Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Holders of depositary shares representing interests in the Series A Preferred Stock generally will have no voting rights. However, if we do not pay dividends on any outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock for six or more quarterly dividend periods (whether or not declared or consecutive), holders of the Series A Preferred Stock (voting separately as a class with all other outstanding series of preferred stock upon which like voting rights have been conferred and are exercisable) will be entitled to elect two additional directors to the Board of Directors to serve until all unpaid dividends have been fully paid or declared and set apart for payment.

On and after July 2, 2026, the shares of Series A Preferred Stock will be redeemable at the Company’s option, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to $25,000.00 per share ($25.00 per Depositary Share), plus any accrued and unpaid dividends. Furthermore, upon a change of control or delisting event (each as defined in the Certificate of Designation), the Company will have a special option to redeem the Series A Preferred Stock at $25,000.00 per share ($25.00 per Depositary Share), plus any accrued and unpaid dividends.

Shares of Series A Preferred Stock are convertible into shares of Common Stock if, and only if, a change of control or delisting event (each as defined in the Certificate of Designation) has occurred, and the Company has not elected to redeem the Series A Preferred Stock prior to the applicable conversion date. Upon any conversion, each share of Series A Preferred Stock will be converted into that number of shares of Common Stock equal to the lesser of (i) the quotient obtained by dividing (A) the sum of (x) the $25,000 liquidation preference per share plus (y) the amount of an accrued and unpaid dividends to, but not including, the conversion date by (B) the Common Stock Purchase Price (as defined in the Certificate of Designation), and (ii) 3,748.13 (the “Share Cap”), subject to certain adjustments.

The Company has 2,300 shares of Series A Preferred Stock issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2023.

NOTE 10 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

In the normal course of its agricultural operations, the Company handles, stores, transports and dispenses products identified as hazardous materials. Regulatory agencies periodically conduct inspections and, currently, there are no pending claims with respect to hazardous materials.

Pursuant to cost-sharing agreements that have been entered into by participants in the Company’s Water Project, $750,000 in funds have been received in order to offset costs incurred in the environmental analysis of the Water Project. These funds may either be reimbursed or credited to participants' participation in the Water Project and, accordingly, are fully reflected as deferred revenue as of March 31, 2023, and March 31, 2022.

The Company recorded a contingent consideration liability in the amount of $1.45 million related to the purchase price of the ATEC Acquisition for amounts payable upon the sale of a requisite number of water filtration units under an asset purchase agreement.

Cadiz Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

The Company is from time to time involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. At this time, the Company is not aware of any other pending or threatened litigation that it expects will have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, liquidity, or operating results. Legal claims are inherently uncertain, however, and it is possible that the Company’s business, financial condition, liquidity and/or operating results could be adversely affected in the future by legal proceedings.

Cadiz Inc.

ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

In connection with the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, the following discussion contains trend analysis and other forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as “intends”, “anticipates”, “believes”, “estimates”, “projects”, “forecasts”, “expects”, “plans” and “proposes”. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, there are a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from these forward-looking statements. These include, among others, our ability to maximize value from our land and water resources and our ability to obtain new financings as needed to meet our ongoing working capital needs. See additional discussion under the heading “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. Our forward-looking statements are made only as of the date hereof. We assume no duty to update these forward-looking statements to reflect new, changed or unanticipated events or circumstances, other than as may be required by law.

We are a water solutions provider dedicated to delivering clean, reliable, and affordable water for people through a variety of innovative water supply, storage, conveyance and treatment projects. We are advancing human access to clean water with our unique combination of land, water, infrastructure and technology assets, cutting-edge innovation, and industry-leading standards of environmental stewardship.

We own approximately 46,000 acres of land with access to high-quality, naturally-recharging groundwater resources in three areas of Southern California’s Mojave Desert – the Cadiz Valley (35,000 acres), Danby Dry Lake (2,000 acres), and the Piute Valley (9,000 acres) (“Cadiz Property”). Our land holdings with vested water rights were primarily assembled by our founders in the early 1980s, relying on NASA imagery that identified a unique desert aquifer system at the base of a vast Southern California watershed. This watershed underlying our property in the Cadiz Valley (“Cadiz Ranch”) presently holds 17-34 million acre-feet of groundwater in storage – comparable in size to the largest reservoir in the United States, Lake Mead. The aquifer system is part of a closed-basin watershed in which all water flows downgradient to desert playas where it evaporates at the surface forming what are known as “desert dry lakes”.

Water Supply – We own vested water rights to withdraw 2.5 million acre-feet of groundwater to support farming and off property uses. Because all water in the aquifer system will eventually be lost to evaporation, surplus water that is captured and withdrawn before it evaporates is a new water supply known as “conserved” water. We have completed extensive environmental review in accordance with local, state and federal laws authorizing the management of the groundwater aquifer underlying the Cadiz Ranch to conserve an average of 50,000 acre-feet of water per year for 50 years for use in communities.

Groundwater Storage - The alluvium aquifer that lies beneath the Cadiz Property is also large enough for conjunctive use as a water “banking” facility, capable of storing an additional 1 million acre-feet of imported surplus water for return during drought periods.

Cadiz Inc.

Pipeline Conveyance – We also own a 30” steel natural gas pipeline (“Northern Pipeline”) that extends 220-miles from the Cadiz Ranch across Kern and San Bernardino Counties terminating in California’s Central Valley. The pipeline, originally constructed to transport fossil fuels, is idle and we are presently preparing to convert the pipeline to transport water. The route of the Northern Pipeline intersects three water conveyance facilities that deliver water to Southern California, the California Aqueduct, the Los Angeles Aqueduct, and the Mojave River Pipeline. The capacity of the Northern Pipeline for water conveyance is 25,000 acre-feet per year (“AFY”).

We are currently in discussions with multiple public water agencies to enter into agreements whereby project participating agencies would finance and operate the Northern Pipeline and lease 25,000 AFY of annual water supply from us. In accordance with such potential agreements, we expect that we will contribute the Northern Pipeline and an annual supply of 25,000 AFY of water from us into a mutual water company to be owned jointly by the parties. In such event, we expect that a JPA comprised of participating agencies will be able to purchase, for a 40-year term (take or pay), 25,000 AFY of water at our wellhead at an agreed upon market price estimated to start at approximately $850/AFY and subject to annual adjustment. Through a JPA, the public water agencies would fund capital costs for conversion of the pipeline from gas to water, construction of pumping stations and appurtenant facilities, and would be able to seek infrastructure funding and grants to achieve their lowest possible cost for delivered water. Any contracts and off take facility construction will be subject to standard environmental review and a project level permitting process. We expect that similar agreements will be negotiated and entered into for water supplies and storage delivered via the Southern Pipeline.

Treatment - In the fourth quarter of 2022, we completed the acquisition of the assets of ATEC Systems, Inc. into ATEC Water Systems, LLC (“ATEC”), which provides innovative water filtration solutions for impaired or contaminated groundwater sources. ATEC’s specialized filtration media provide cost-effective, high-rate of removal for common groundwater impairments and contaminants that pose health risks in drinking water including iron, manganese, arsenic, Chromium-6, nitrates, and other constituents of concern.

Our agricultural operations provide the Company’s current principal source of revenue, although our working capital needs are not fully supported by our agricultural lease and farming returns at this time. We believe that our water supply, storage, pipeline conveyance and treatment solutions will provide a significant source of future cash flow for the business and our stockholders. We presently rely upon debt and equity financing to support our working capital needs and development of our water solutions. In February 2023, we completed a direct offering for net proceeds of $38 million led by our largest equity shareholders to fund capital expenditures to accelerate the development of water supply, storage and conveyance infrastructure, reduce our outstanding debt from $50 million to $35 million and provide working capital to the Company (see, “Liquidity and Capital Resources”, below).

Our current and future operations also include activities that further our commitments to sustainable stewardship of our land and water resources, good governance and corporate social responsibility. We believe these commitments are important investments that will assist in maintenance of sustained stockholder value.

Cadiz Inc.

Results of Operations

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023, Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2022

We have not received significant revenues from our water supply, storage, conveyance or treatment assets to date. Our revenues have been limited to rental income from our agricultural leases and from sales from our alfalfa plantings beginning in 2022. As a result, we have historically incurred a net loss from operations. The reporting segments have been combined as the revenue and operating results for the water treatment business were not material to the Company's consolidated operations during the three months ended March 31, 2023. We incurred a net loss of $10.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to a $5.9 million net loss during the three months ended March 31, 2022. The higher 2023 loss was primarily due to a loss on extinguishment of debt in the amount of $5.3 million resulting from issuance of a conversion instrument, a repayment fee and elimination of debt discount associated with the paydown of $15 million of senior secured debt in February 2023.

Our primary expenses are our ongoing overhead costs associated with the development of our water supply, storage, conveyance and treatment assets (i.e., general and administrative expense) and our interest expense. We will continue to incur non-cash expenses in connection with our management and director equity incentive compensation plans.

Revenues Revenue totaled $130,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $142,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Revenues primarily related to rental income from our agricultural leases.

General and Administrative Expenses General and Administrative Expenses, exclusive of stock-based compensation costs, totaled $3.6 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $3.4 million in the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Compensation costs for stock and option awards for the three months ended March 31, 2023, were $0.3 million, compared to $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Interest Expense, net Net interest expense totaled $1.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $2.0 million during the same period in 2022. The following table summarizes the components of net interest expense for the two periods (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022

Interest on outstanding debt	$	1,314	$	1,424
Amortization of debt discount		190		568
Other income		-		(1	)

	$	1,504	$	1,991

Interest Income Interest income totaled $168 thousand during the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $0 in the three months ended March 31, 2022. Interest income primarily relates to interest on investments in short-term deposits.

Cadiz Inc.

Gains on Derivative Liabilities Gains on derivative liabilities totaled $130 thousand during the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $0 in the three months ended March 31, 2022, resulting from a remeasurement of a conversion option under the Company’s senior secured debt.

Loss on Early Extinguishment of Debt Loss on early extinguishment of debt totaled $5.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $0 in the three months ended March 31, 2022, resulting from issuance of a conversion instrument, a repayment fee and elimination of debt discount associated with the paydown of $15 million of senior secured debt in February 2023.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Current Financing Arrangements

As we have not received sufficient revenues from our water, agriculture or treatment activities to date, we have been required to obtain financing to bridge the gap between the time water resource and other development expenses are incurred and the time that revenue will commence. Historically, we have addressed these needs primarily through secured debt financing arrangements and private equity placements.

On January 30, 2023, we completed the sale and issuance of 10,500,000 shares of our common stock to certain institutional investors in a registered direct offering (“January 2023 Direct Offering”). The shares of common stock were sold at a purchase price of $3.84 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds of $40.32 million and aggregate net proceeds of approximately $38.5 million. A portion of the net proceeds were used to repay our debt in the principal amount of $15 million, together with fees and interest required to be paid in connection with such repayment.

The remaining proceeds from the January 2023 Direct Offering will be used for capital expenditures to accelerate development of water supply, storage, conveyance and treatment assets, working capital and development of additional water resources to meet increase demand on an accelerated timetable.

On March 23, 2022, we completed the sale and issuance of 6,857,140 shares of our common stock to certain institutional and individual investors in a registered direct offering. The shares of common stock were sold at a purchase price of $1.75 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds of $12 million and aggregate net proceeds of approximately $11.8 million. The proceeds were used for working capital needs and for general corporate purposes.

On November 14, 2022, we completed the sale and issuance of 5,000,000 shares of our common stock to certain institutional investors in a registered direct offering (“November 2022 Direct Offering”). The shares of common stock were sold at a purchase price of $2.00 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds of $10 million and aggregate net proceeds of approximately $9.9 million.

In July 2021, we completed the sale of 2,300,000 depositary shares each representing 1/1000^th of a share of Series A Preferred Stock (“Depositary Share Offering”) for net proceeds of approximately $54 million.

Cadiz Inc.

Concurrently in July 2021, we entered into a $50 million new credit agreement (“Credit Agreement”) (see Note 3 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – “Long-Term Debt”). The proceeds of the Credit Agreement, together with the proceeds from the Depositary Share Offering, were used to (a) to repay all our outstanding senior secured debt obligations in the amount of approximately $77.6 million, (b) to deposit approximately $10.2 million into a segregated account, representing an amount sufficient to pre-fund eight quarterly dividend payments on the Series A Preferred Stock underlying the Depositary Shares issued in the Depositary Share Offering, and (c) to pay transaction related expenses. The remaining proceeds were used for working capital needs and for general corporate purposes.

On February 2, 2023, we entered into a First Amendment to Credit Agreement to amend certain provisions of the Credit Agreement (“First Amended Credit Agreement), Under the First Amended Credit Agreement, the lenders will have a right to convert up to $15 million of outstanding principal, plus any PIK interest and any accrued and unpaid interest (the “Convertible Loan”) into shares of our common stock at a conversion price of $4.80 per share (the “Conversion Price”). The lenders’ right to convert is conditioned upon us obtaining stockholder approval of an amendment to its certificate of incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of the Company at its next annual meeting of stockholders, expected to be held in June 2023 (“Stockholder Approval”). In addition, prior to the maturity of the Credit Agreement, we will have the right to require that the lenders convert the outstanding principal amount, plus any PIK Interest and accrued and unpaid interest, of the Convertible Loan if the following conditions are met: (i) the average VWAP of the Company’s common stock on The Nasdaq Stock Market, or such other national securities exchange on which the shares of common stock are listed for trading, over 30 consecutive trading dates exceeds 115% of the then Conversion Price, (ii) a registration statement registering the resale of the shares issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Loan has been declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission, (iii) the Stockholder Approval has been obtained, and (iv) there is no event of default under certain provisions of the Credit Agreement.

Under the First Amended Credit Agreement, the maturity date of the Credit Agreement has been extended from July 2, 2024 to June 30, 2025. Upon obtaining the Stockholder Approval and so long as there is no event of default under certain provisions of the Credit Agreement, the maturity date for the Credit Agreement will automatically be extended to June 30, 2026. The annual interest rate will remain unchanged at 7.00%. Interest on $20 million of the remaining principal amount will be paid in cash. Interest on the $15 million principal amount of the Convertible Loan will be paid in kind on a quarterly basis by addition such amount to the outstanding principal amount of the outstanding Convertible Loan.

Limitations on our liquidity and ability to raise capital may adversely affect us. Sufficient liquidity is critical to meet our resource development activities. To the extent additional capital is required, we may increase liquidity through a variety of means, including equity or debt placements, through the lease, sale or other disposition of assets or reductions in operating costs. If additional capital is required, no assurances can be given as to the availability and terms of any new financing.

As we continue to actively pursue our business strategy, additional financing will continue to be required (see “Outlook”, below). The covenants in the Credit Agreement do not prohibit our use of additional equity financing and allow us to retain 100% of the proceeds of any common equity financing. We do not expect the loan covenants to materially limit our ability to finance our water and agricultural development activities.

Cadiz Inc.

Cash Used in Operating Activities. Cash used in operating activities totaled $4.1 million and $3.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The cash was primarily used to fund general and administration expenses related to our water development efforts and agricultural development efforts.

Cash Used in Investing Activities. Cash used in investing activities totaled $2.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The cash used in the 2023 period primarily related to the development of three new wells. The cash used in the 2022 period primarily related to development costs for the initial planting of 760 acres of alfalfa.

Cash Provided by Financing Activities. Cash provided by financing activities totaled $21.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared with cash provided of $10.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Proceeds from financing activities for both periods reported are primarily related to the issuance of shares under direct offerings, offset by the paydown of $15 million of senior secured debt in February 2023.

Outlook

Short-Term Outlook. The January 2023 Direct Offering provided net cash proceeds of approximately $38.5 million. A portion of these net proceeds were used to repay our debt in the principal amount of $15 million, together with fees and interest required to be paid in connection with such repayment. The remaining proceeds, together with cash on hand, provide us with sufficient funds to meet our short-term working capital needs. The Company’s agricultural & farming and water treatment operations will be funded using existing capital and cash profits generated from operations.

Long-Term Outlook. In the longer term, we will need to raise additional capital to finance working capital needs and capital expenditures (see “Current Financing Arrangements”, above). Our future working capital needs will depend upon the specific measures we pursue in the entitlement and development of our water supply, storage, conveyance and treatment solutions and other developments. Future capital expenditures will depend on the progress of the Water Project and any further expansion of our agricultural development.

We are evaluating the amount of cash needed, and the manner in which such cash will be raised, on an ongoing basis. We may meet any future cash requirements through a variety of means, including equity or debt placements, or through the sale or other disposition of assets. Equity placements will be undertaken only to the extent necessary, so as to minimize the dilutive effect of any such placements upon our existing stockholders. No assurances can be given, however, as to the availability or terms of any new financing. Limitations on our liquidity and ability to raise capital may adversely affect us. Sufficient liquidity is critical to meet our resource development activities.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – “Basis of Presentation”.

Cadiz Inc.

ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Reg. 240.12b-2 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 and are not required to provide the information under this item.

ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company established disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information related to the Company, including its consolidated entities, is accumulated and communicated to senior management, including the Chief Executive Officer (the “Principal Executive Officer”) and Chief Financial Officer (the “Principal Financial Officer”) and to its Board of Directors. Based on their evaluation as of March 31, 2023, the Company's Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer have concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) are effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms, and such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the principal executive and principal financial officers as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Changes in Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting

In connection with the evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act, excluding the acquisition of the assets of ATEC Systems, Inc. into ATEC Water Systems, LLC, there was no change identified in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the last fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Cadiz Inc.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.

Legal Proceedings

There have been no material changes to legal proceedings described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

ITEM 1A.

Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to the risk factors described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

ITEM 2.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

ITEM 3.

Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

ITEM 4.

Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

ITEM 5.

Other Information

Not applicable.

Cadiz Inc.

ITEM 6.

Exhibits

The following exhibits are filed or incorporated by reference as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

**10.1		First Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of February 2, 2023, by and among Cadiz Inc. and Cadiz Real Estate LLC as borrowers, the lenders from time to time party thereto, and B. Riley Securities, Inc. as administrative agent
**10.2		First Amendment to Deed of Trust, Assignment of Leases and Rents, Securities Agreement, Financing Statement and Fixture Filing, dated as of February 2, 2023
**10.3		Form of Amendment No. 2 to Registration Rights Agreement
**10.4		Placement Agent Agreement, dated as of January 30, 2023, by and among Cadiz Inc., B. Riley Securities, Inc. and Northland Securities, Inc.
* 31.1		Certification of Scott S. Slater, Chief Executive Officer of Cadiz Inc. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
* 31.2		Certification of Stanley E. Speer, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary of Cadiz Inc. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
* 32.1		Certification of Scott S. Slater, Chief Executive Officer of Cadiz Inc. pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
* 32.2		Certification of Stanley E. Speer, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary of Cadiz Inc. pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
* 101.INS		Inline XBRL Instance Document (the Instance Document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
* 101.SCH		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
* 101.CAL		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
* 101.DEF		Inline XBRL Extension Definition Linkbase Document
* 101.LAB		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
* 101.PRE		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

*	Filed concurrently herewith.

**	Previously filed.

Cadiz Inc.

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Cadiz Inc.

By:	/s/ Scott S. Slater	May 15, 2023
	Scott S. Slater	Date
	Chief Executive Officer and President
	(Principal Executive Officer)


By:	/s/ Stanley E. Speer	May 15, 2023
	Stanley E. Speer	Date
	Chief Financial Officer and Secretary
	(Principal Financial Officer)