UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D. C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number: 001-38105

180 LIFE SCIENCES CORP

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware		90-1890354
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

3000 El Camino Real

Bldg. 4, Suite 200

Palo Alto, CA 94306

94306

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

(650) 507-0669

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share	ATNF	The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC (The NASDAQ Capital Market)
Warrants to purchase Common Stock	ATNFW	The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC (The NASDAQ Capital Market)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of November 14, 2024, 1,976,999 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, were issued and outstanding.

180 LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

FORM 10-Q

FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION		1

Item 1.	Financial Statements	1
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity	3
	Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	5
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	27
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.	51
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures.	51

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION		53

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings.	53
Item 1A.	Risk Factors.	53
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	74
Item 3.	Defaults upon Senior Securities.	74
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures.	74
Item 5.	Other Information.	74
Item 6.	Exhibits.	75

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

180 LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

	September 30,			December 31,
	2024			2023
	(Unaudited)
Current Assets:
Cash	$	194,920		$	1,975,799
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		1,030,461			1,664,107
Total Current Assets		1,225,381			3,639,906
Intangible assets, net		9,244,475			1,619,570
Total Assets	$	10,469,856		$	5,259,476
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Deficit
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	2,090,827		$	1,892,611
Accounts payable - related parties		580,830			266,009
Accrued expenses		466,335			1,869,814
Loans payable - current portion		473,143			1,034,124
Class B Convertible Preferred stock liability, $0.0001 par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding		2,772,695			-
Derivative liabilities		-			58
Total Current Liabilities		6,383,830			5,062,616
Loans payable - noncurrent portion		10,574			19,936
Deferred tax liability		341,678			304,657
Total Liabilities		6,736,082			5,387,209
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)
Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit):

Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; (see designations and shares authorized for Series A, Class C and Class K preferred stock)
Class C Preferred Stock; 1 share authorized, no shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively		-			-
Class K Preferred Stock; 1 share authorized, 1 and 0 shares issued and outstanding, at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively		-			-
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 1,026,930 and 534,719 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively		103			54
Additional paid-in capital		135,955,083			130,117,209
Accumulated other comprehensive income		(2,983,072	)		(2,901,339	)
Accumulated deficit		(129,238,340	)		(127,343,657	)
Total Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)		3,733,774			(127,733	)
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)	$	10,469,856		$	5,259,476

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

180 LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(Unaudited)

	For the Three Months Ended						For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
Operating Expenses:
Research and development	$	251,577		$	972,113		$	1,105,086		$	2,339,863
Research and development - related parties		151,138			132,880			455,345			481,027
General and administrative		576,378			2,433,194			3,357,868			9,204,122
Total Operating Expenses		979,093			3,538,187			4,918,299			12,025,012
Loss From Operations		(979,093	)		(3,538,187	)		(4,918,299	)		(12,025,012	)

Other (Expense) Income:
Other Income		118,723			-			2,870,789			-
Interest expense		(13,633	)		(11,634	)		(41,442	)		(34,796	)
Loss on IP R&D asset impairment		-			(9,063,000	)		-			(9,063,000	)
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities		-			2,036			58			69,776
Gain on settlement of liabilities		37,283			-			194,211			-
Total other (expense) income, net		142,373			(9,072,598	)		3,023,616			(9,028,020	)
Loss Before Income Taxes		(836,720	)		(12,610,785	)		(1,894,683	)		(21,053,032	)
Income tax benefit		-			2,345,025			-			2,345,025
Net Loss		(836,720	)		(10,265,760	)		(1,894,683	)		(18,708,007	)

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(67,332	)		51,316			(81,733	)		36,712
Total Comprehensive Income (Loss)	$	(904,052	)	$	(10,214,444	)	$	(1,976,416	)	$	(18,671,295	)

Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Common Share
Basic	$	(0.85	)	$	(24.53	)	$	(2.24	)	$	(62.81	)
Diluted	$	(0.85	)	$	(24.53	)	$	(2.24	)	$	(62.81	)

Weighted Average Number of Common Shares Outstanding:
Basic		980,641			418,524			846,529			297,834
Diluted		980,641			418,524			846,529			297,834

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

180 LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity

(Unaudited)

	For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
								Accumulated
					Additional			Other						Total
	Common Stock				Paid-in			Comprehensive			Accumulated			Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Capital			Income			Deficit			Equity
Balance - January 1, 2024		534,719	$	54	$	130,117,209		$	(2,901,339	)	$	(127,343,657	)	$	(127,733	)
Shares issued from exercise of pre-funded warrants related to Amendment to August 2023 Offering		257,205		26		463			-			-			489
Adjustment related to reverse stock split in February 2024		60,848		6		(6	)		-			-			-
Stock based compensation		-		-		236,062			-			-			236,062
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net loss		-		-		-			-			(1,069,744	)		(1,069,744	)
Other comprehensive income		-		-		-			6,460			-			6,460
Balance -March 31, 2024		852,772		86		130,353,728			(2,894,879	)		(128,413,401	)		(954,466	)
Shares issued for settlement of liabilities		88,818		9		523,242			-			-			523,251
Stock based compensation		-		-		22,308			-			-			22,308
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income		-		-		-			-			11,781			11,781
Other comprehensive income		-		-		-			(20,861	)		-			(20,861	)
Balance -June 30, 2024		941,590	$	95	$	130,899,278		$	(2,915,740	)	$	(128,401,620	)	$	(417,987	)
Shares issued for settlement of liabilities		85,340		8		190,003			-			-			190,011
Stock based compensation		-		-		16,456			-			-			16,456
Warrants issued for asset acquisition		-		-		4,849,346			-			-			4,849,346
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net loss		-		-		-			-			(836,720	)		(836,720	)
Other comprehensive loss		-		-		-			(67,332	)		-			(67,332	)
Balance -September 30, 2024		1,026,930	$	103	$	135,955,083		$	(2,983,072	)	$	(129,238,340	)	$	3,733,774

	For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
							Accumulated
					Additional		Other						Total
	Common Stock				Paid-in		Comprehensive			Accumulated			Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Capital		Income			Deficit			Equity
Balance - January 1, 2023		197,209	$	20	$	121,637,966	$	(2,885,523	)	$	(107,408,545	)	$	11,343,918
Stock based compensation		-		-		557,421		-			-			557,421
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net loss		-		-		-		-			(4,762,078	)		(4,762,078	)
Other comprehensive income		-		-		-		663			-			663
Balance - March 31, 2023		197,209		20		122,195,387		(2,884,860	)		(112,170,623	)		7,139,924
Issuance of April 2023 pre-funded and common warrants, net		-		-		2,337,706		-			-			2,337,706
Shares issued from exercise of April 2023 pre-funded warrants		61,615		6		111		-			-			117
Shares issued in connection with April 2023 Offering, net		21,053		2		382,180		-			-			382,182
Stock based compensation		-		-		551,310		-			-			551,310
Comprehensive income (loss):														-
Net loss		-		-		-		-			(3,680,169	)		(3,680,169	)
Other comprehensive loss		-		-		-		(15,267	)		-			(15,267	)
Balance - June 30, 2023		279,877		28		125,466,694		(2,900,127	)		(115,850,792	)		6,715,803
Shares issued for professional services to directors		4,763		-		60,624		-			-			60,624
Issuance of August 2023 pre-funded warrants and common warrants, net		-		-		2,459,282		-			-			2,459,282
Shares issued from exercise of August 2023 pre-funded warrants		34,919		4		62		-			-			66
Shares issued in connection with August 2023 Offering		35,102		4		245,344		-			-			245,348
Stock based compensation		-		-		583,994								583,994
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net loss		-		-		-		-			(10,265,760	)		(10,265,760	)
Other comprehensive income		-		-		-		51,316			-			51,316
Balance - September 30, 2023		354,661	$	35	$	128,816,000	$	(2,848,811	)	$	(126,116,552	)	$	(149,327	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

180 LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

	For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2024			2023
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net Loss	$	(1,894,683	)	$	(18,708,007	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Stock-based compensation
Shares issued for services		-			60,624
Amortization of stock options and restricted stock units		274,826			1,692,725
Loss on IP R&D asset impairment		-			9,063,000
Depreciation and amortization		61,408			83,015
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities		(58	)		(69,776	)
Gain loss on settlement of liabilities		(194,211	)		-
Deferred tax benefit		-			(2,345,025	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		1,443,471			1,273,033
Accounts payable		4,060			(99,169	)
Accounts payable - related parties		317,541			51,227
Accrued expenses		(542,260	)		94,778
Accrued expenses – related parties		-			141,366
Total adjustments		1,364,777			9,945,798
Net Cash Used In Operating Activities		(529,906	)		(8,762,209	)

Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Proceeds from exercise of pre-funded warrants from the Amendment to August 2023 Offering		489			-
Proceeds from sale of April 2023 Offering stock and warrants		-			2,999,882
Proceeds from sale of August 2023 Offering stock and warrants		-			2,999,606
Proceeds from exercise of April 2023 Offering pre-funded warrants		-			117
Proceeds from exercise of August 2023 Offering pre-funded warrants		-			66
Payment of offering costs in connection with April 2023 Offering stock and warrants		-			(279,994	)
Payment of offering costs in connection with August 2023 Offering stock and warrants		-			(294,976	)
Repayment of loans payable		(1,005,856	)		(985,175	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		(1,005,367	)		4,439,526

Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash		(245,606	)		15,093

Net Decrease In Cash		(1,780,879	)		(4,307,590	)
Cash – Beginning of Period		1,975,799			6,970,110
Cash – End of Period	$	194,920		$	2,662,520

Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information:
Cash paid during the period for income taxes	$	-		$	-
Cash paid during the period for interest expense	$	12,078		$	21,722

Non cash investing and financing activities
Common stock issued for settlement of liabilities	$	523,251		$	-
Warrants and Series B Convertible Preferred Stock issued for asset acquisition	$	7,622,041		$	-

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

180 LIFE SCIENCES CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

NOTE 1 - BUSINESS ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS

180 Life Sciences Corp., formerly known as KBL Merger Corp. IV (“180LS”, or together with its subsidiaries, the “Company”), was a blank check company organized under the laws of the State of Delaware on September 7, 2016. The Company was formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization, or similar business combination with one or more businesses.

180 Life Corp. (“180”, f/k/a 180 Life Sciences Corp. and CannBioRx Life Sciences Corp.) is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company and was incorporated in the State of Delaware on January 28, 2019. The Company is located in the United States (“U.S.”) and is a medical pharmaceutical company focused upon unmet medical needs in the areas of inflammatory diseases, fibrosis, and chronic pain by employing innovative research and, where appropriate, combination therapies, through 180’s three wholly-owned subsidiaries, 180 Therapeutics L.P. (“180 LP”), CannBioRex Pharmaceuticals Corp. (“CBR Pharma”), and Katexco Pharmaceuticals Corp. (“Katexco”). 180 LP, CBR Pharma and Katexco are together, the “180 Subsidiaries.” Katexco was incorporated on March 7, 2018 and CBR Pharma was incorporated on March 8, 2018, under the provisions of the British Corporation Act of British Columbia. 180 LP was formed as a limited partnership on September 6, 2013, in Delaware. Additionally, 180’s wholly-owned subsidiaries Katexco Callco, ULC, Katexco Purchaseco, ULC, CannBioRex Callco, ULC, and CannBioRex Purchaseco, ULC were formed in the Canadian Province of British Columbia on May 31, 2019 to facilitate the acquisition of Katexco, CBR Pharma and 180 LP. On July 1, 2021, the assets and liabilities of the Canadian companies (Katexco and CBR Pharma) were transferred to their respective subsidiaries, which are Katexco Pharmaceuticals Corp. (“Katexco U.S.”) and CannBioRex Pharma Limited (“CBR Pharma U.K.”).

The Company is a clinical stage biotechnology company focused on the development of therapeutics for unmet medical needs in chronic pain, inflammation, fibrosis, and other inflammatory diseases. We have three product development platforms:

●

fibrosis and anti-tumor necrosis factor (“TNF”);

●

drugs which are derivatives of cannabidiol (“CBD”) or cannabigerol (“CBG”) analogues (“SCAs”); and

●

alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (“α7nAChR”).

Due to restrictions in the Company’s resources, the Company has slowed down research and development activities significantly in the SCA platform and the anti-TNF platform. The Company has not made progress on the α7nAChR platform and has suspended further research and development activity in this program.

The Company is currently evaluating all options to monetize its existing assets, in addition to exploring other strategic alternatives to maximize value for its stockholders. Potential strategic alternatives that may be explored or evaluated by the Company as part of this process include, but are not limited to, an acquisition, merger, reverse merger, other business combination, sale of assets, licensing or other strategic transactions involving the Company.

On September 29, 2024, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Elray Resources, Inc. (“Elray”). Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, Elray agreed to sell us certain source code and intellectual property relating to a “back-end technology platform” which is a key component of creating an online blockchain casino (the “Purchased Assets”) Elray agreed to provide support and assistance to the Company in connection with the building and launching of a fully operational casino operation utilizing the Purchased Assets.

NOTE 2 - GOING CONCERN AND MANAGEMENT’S PLANS

The Company has not generated any revenues and has incurred significant losses since inception. As of September 30, 2024, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $129,238,340 and a working capital deficit of $5,158,449, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, a net loss of $1,894,683 and cash used in operating activities of $529,906. The Company expects to invest a significant amount of capital to commercialize its iGaming assets as well as continuing to fund research and development of the Company’s existing biotechnology assets. On September 29, 2024, the Company acquired certain source code and intellectual property relating to an online blockchain casino and plans to build and launch a fully operational casino operation as part of its future operations. The Company expects to invest a significant amount of capital to fund the development and operation of this business, including but not limited to acquisition or development of a “front-end” user interface, sourcing of one or more games, acquiring relevant licenses and investing in marketing. As a result, the Company expects that its operating expenses will increase significantly, and consequently will require significant revenues to become profitable. Even if the Company does become profitable, it may not be able to sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or annual basis. The Company cannot predict when, if ever, it will be profitable. There can be no assurance that the intellectual property of the Company, or other technologies it may acquire, will meet applicable regulatory standards, obtain required regulatory approvals, will produce products capable of being produced in commercial quantities at reasonable costs, or be successfully marketed.

These condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. These matters raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a reasonable period of time, which is defined as within one year after the date that the consolidated financial statements are issued. The condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result from uncertainty related to our ability to continue as a going concern.

NOTE 3 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no material changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies as set forth in the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 under Note 3 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared on a going concern basis in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) for interim financial reporting and as required by Regulation S-X, Rule 10-01. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (including those which are normal and recurring) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the interim financial information have been included. When preparing financial statements in conformity with GAAP, the Company must make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosures at the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Additionally, operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024. For further information, refer to the financial statements and footnotes included in the Company’s annual financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, which are included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 25, 2024.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments, and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, together with amounts disclosed in the related notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company’s significant estimates and assumptions used in these condensed consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, the fair value of financial instruments, warrants, options, derivative liabilities and research and development (R&D) tax credits and accruals. Certain of the Company’s estimates could be affected by external conditions, including those unique to the Company and general economic conditions. It is reasonably possible that these external factors could have an effect on the Company’s estimates and may cause actual results to differ from those estimates.

Foreign Currency Translation

The Company’s reporting currency is the United States dollar. The functional currency of certain subsidiaries was the British Pound (“GBP”) (1.338 and 1.273 GBP to 1 US dollar, each as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively) for balance sheet accounts, while expense accounts are translated at the weighted average exchange rate for the period (1.301 and 1.2655 GBP to 1 US dollar for each of the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and 1.277 and 1. 2442 GBP to 1 US dollar each for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively). Equity accounts are translated at historical exchange rates. The resulting translation adjustments are recognized in stockholders’ equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income.

Comprehensive income is defined as the change in equity of an entity from all sources other than investments by owners or distributions to owners and includes foreign currency translation adjustments as described above. During the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded other comprehensive loss of $67,332 and other comprehensive income of $51,316, respectively, as a result of foreign currency translation adjustments. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded other comprehensive loss of $81,733 and other comprehensive income of $36,712, respectively, as a result of foreign currency translation adjustments.

Foreign currency gains and losses resulting from transactions denominated in foreign currencies, including intercompany transactions, are included in results of operations. The Company recognized ($1,467) and ($350) of foreign currency transaction losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and recognized $2,952 and $1,485 of foreign currency transaction losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. Such amounts have been classified within general and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consist of source code and intellectual property relating to an online blockchain casino acquired on September 29, 2024 and licensed patents held by Katexco, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, as well as technology licenses acquired in connection with the July 2019, corporate restructuring completed between the Company and each of 180 LP, Katexco and CBR Pharma, pursuant to which each of 180 LP, Katexco and CBR Pharma became wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company (the “Reorganization”). The casino technology and intellectual property is amortized over an estimated useful life of three years. Licensed patents are amortized over the remaining life of the patent. Technology licenses represent the fair value of licenses acquired for the development and commercialization of certain licenses and knowledge. The technology licenses are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the underlying patents. It will be necessary to monitor and possibly adjust the useful lives of the licensed patents and technology licenses depending on the results of the Company’s research and development activities.

Net Loss Per Common Share

Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, plus the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the common share equivalents had been issued (computed using the treasury stock or if converted method), if dilutive.

In-Process Research and Development (“IP R&D”)

IP R&D assets represent the fair value assigned to technologies that were acquired on July 16, 2019 in connection with the transaction whereby the Company acquired each of Katexco Pharmaceuticals Corp., CBR Pharma and 180 LP, which have not reached technological feasibility and have no alternative future use. IP R&D assets are considered to be indefinite-lived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development projects. During the period that the IP R&D assets are considered indefinite-lived, they are tested for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if the Company becomes aware of any events occurring or changes in circumstances that indicate that the fair value of the IP R&D assets are less than their carrying amounts. If and when development is complete, which generally occurs upon regulatory approval, and the Company is able to commercialize products associated with the IP R&D assets, these assets are then deemed definite-lived and are amortized based on their estimated useful lives at that point in time. If development is terminated or abandoned, the Company may record a full or partial impairment charge related to the IP R&D assets, calculated as the excess of the carrying value of the IP R&D assets over their estimated fair value.

As of December 31, 2022, the carrying amount of the IP R&D assets on the balance sheet was $12,405,084 (which consisted of carrying amounts of $1,462,084 and $10,943,000 related to the Company’s CBR Pharma subsidiary and its 180 LP subsidiary, respectively). Per the valuation obtained from a third party as of 2022 year-end, the fair market value of the Company’s IP R&D assets was determined to be $9,063,000 (which consisted of fair values of $0 and $9,063,000 related to the Company’s CBR Pharma subsidiary and 180 LP subsidiary, respectively). As of that measurement date, the carrying values of the CBR Pharma and 180 LP subsidiaries’ assets exceeded their fair market values by $1,462,084 and $1,880,000, respectively. As such, management determined that the consolidated IP R&D assets were impaired by $3,342,084 and, in order to recognize the impairment, the Company recorded a loss for this amount during the fourth quarter of 2022, which appeared as a loss on IP R&D asset impairment on the income statement. This reduced the IP R&D asset balances of its CBR Pharma subsidiary and its 180 LP subsidiary to zero and $9,063,000, respectively, as of December 31, 2022; and the total consolidated IP R&D asset balance was $9,063,000 after impairment.

As of December 31, 2022, the carrying amount of the IP R&D assets on the balance sheet was $9,063,000 (which consisted of a balance related to the Company’s 180 LP subsidiary); the Company typically assesses asset impairment on an annual basis unless a triggering event or other facts or circumstances indicate that an evaluation should be performed at an earlier date. As of September 30, 2023, the Company assessed the then most recent delays in its commercialization timeline, general economic conditions, industry and market considerations, the Company’s financial performance and all relevant legal, regulatory, and political factors that might indicate the possibility of impairment and concluded that, when these factors were collectively evaluated, it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired. The Company recorded a loss in the amount of $9,063,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, which appears as a loss on impairment to IP R&D assets on the income statement. As a result, as of September 30, 2023, the carrying amount of the IP R&D assets on the balance sheet became $0 (nil).

As a result of the write-off of the IP R&D assets on the balance sheet and the loss on impairment to IP R&D assets on the income statement, the Company recorded a decrease in its deferred tax liability relating to the impairment of the IP R&D assets of $2.3 million as income tax benefit relating to impairment of the IP R&D assets in the same amount on the income statement for the period ended September 30, 2023.

Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated events that have occurred after the balance sheet date but before these condensed consolidated financial statements were issued. Based upon that evaluation, the Company did not identify any recognized or non-recognized subsequent events that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the financial statements, except as disclosed in Note 13 - Subsequent Events.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Management does not believe that any recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting pronouncements, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 4 - PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Insurance	$	571,898	$	934,990
Research and development expense tax credit receivable		-		440,161
Professional fees		414,217		279,039
Value-added tax receivable		44,346		9,917
	$	1,030,461	$	1,664,107

NOTE 5 – INTANGIBLE ASSETS

On September 29, 2024, the Company entered into the Purchase Agreement with Elray. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, Elray agreed to sell us the Purchased Assets in consideration for 1,000,000 shares of newly designated Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Preferred Stock”, and the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion thereof, the “Conversion Shares”) and warrants to purchase 3,000,000 shares of common stock of the Company (the “Purchase Warrants” and the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise thereof, the “Purchase Warrant Shares”).

On September 30, 2024, in contemplation of the closing of the transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement, and pursuant to the power provided to the Company by the Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, as amended, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the adoption of, and filing of, a Certificate of Designations of 180 Life Sciences Corp. Establishing the Designations, Preferences, Limitations and Relative Rights of Its Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series B Designation”), which was filed with, and became effective with, the Secretary of State of Delaware on the same date. The Series B Designation designated 1,000,000 shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock which were issued to Elray on September 30, 2024 (the “Closing Date”). The Series B Designation designated 1,000,000 shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, with a par value of $0.0001 per share and a stated value of $17.30 per share.

The purchase of the Purchased Assets closed on September 30, 2024.

Based on the terms of the Series B Preferred Stock and the Purchase Agreement, and in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 480-10, the instruments are accounted for as a liability due to the variable number of shares issuable under the agreement pursuant to the conversion terms. As of September 30, 2024, the carrying value of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock liability in aggregate was $2,772,695. The Company estimated the fair value of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock based on the market value of the underlying common shares into which the Series B Convertible Preferred stock is convertible into at the transaction date, and an estimated fair value of the liquidation preference using option pricing models for scenarios of the liquidation preference being in effect or conversion of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock by the holder.

The Purchase Warrants have an exercise price of $1.68 per share, the closing stock price of the Company’s common stock on the last trading day prior to the parties’ entry into the Purchase Agreement, and a term of seven years (through September 30, 2031). The Purchase Warrants also provide for cashless exercise rights. No shares of common stock may be issued upon exercise of the Purchase Warrants until or unless the Company has received approval from its stockholders for the issuance of such shares of common stock upon exercise of the Purchase Warrants. The Company estimated the fair value of the Purchase Warrants of $4,849,346 based on the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following key assumptions ranging from: Fair value stock price, $1.68, Exercise price, $1.68, Term 7 years, Volatility 234.08%, Discount rate of 3.60% and a dividend yield of 0%.

The Company had capitalized intangible cost of $7,622,041 at September 30, 2024, related to the Purchased Assets. The Purchased Assets were not yet placed in service on September 30, 2024, and amortization has not been recorded.

The technology acquired from Elray will be amortized over three years based on its nature as acquired technology and its expected useful life.

The Company will perform its definite-lived intangible asset impairment test on an annual basis with the initial impairment test after an acquisition completed before the expiration of the next 12 month period.

Intangible assets at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 consisted of the following:

	Useful		September 30,			December 31,
	Life (years)		2024			2023
Source code and intellectual property		3	$	7,622,041		$	-
Licensed Patents		20		530,651			599,686
Technology license		20		1,713,448			1,562,744

Intangible assets				9,866,140			2,162,430
Less: accumulated amortization				(621,665	)		(542,860	)

Intangible assets, net			$	9,244,475		$	1,619,570

Amortization expense was $13,851 and $32,693 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, and $61,408 and $83,015 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to intangible assets, which is included in general and administrative expense on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The licensed patents and technology license have a remaining useful life of approximately 11 and 15 years, respectively.

NOTE 6 - ACCRUED EXPENSES

Accrued expenses consist of the following as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Consulting fees	$	-	$	645,081
Professional fees		-		184,846
Litigation accrual		-		49,999
Employee and director compensation		87,875		530,383
Research and development fees		311,588		378,683
Interest		56,363		70,923
Other		10,509		9,899
	$	466,335	$	1,869,814

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company had amounts due to contractors related to certain R&D programs that were forgiven; as a result, the Company reduced its accounts payable and accrued liabilities accounts by $588,506 and $450,859, respectively, during the period and recorded the forgiven amounts as other income for a total of $1,039,364 on the income statement.

NOTE 7 - DERIVATIVE LIABILITIES

The following table sets forth a summary of the changes in the fair value of derivative liabilities. These include warrants sold in a private placement in connection with the Company’s initial public offering (the “Private SPAC”), warrants sold in a private offering on February 23, 2023 (the “PIPE”), and certain other warrants (“Other Warrants”) which are classified as Level 3 derivative liabilities, and warrants sold publicly in our initial public offering (“Public SPAC “), which are classified as Level 1 derivative liabilities in the following table and are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

	Warrants⁽¹⁾
	Public			Private
	SPAC			SPAC		PIPE		Other		Total
Balance as of January 1, 2024	$	58		$	-	$	-	$	-	$	58
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities		191			-		-		-		191
Balance as of March 31, 2024		249			-		-		-		249
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities		(249	)		-		-		-		(249	)
Balance as of June 30, 2024		-			-		-		-		-
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities		-			-		-		-		-
Balance as of September 30, 2024	$	-		$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-

(1)	There are 15,132 shares underlying the Public SPAC warrants, 662 shares underlying the Private SPAC warrants, 6,748 shares underlying the PIPE warrants and 168 shares underlying the Other warrants outstanding as of September 30, 2024.

The fair value of the derivative liabilities as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was estimated using the Black Scholes option pricing model, with the following assumptions used to determine the values of Level 3 derivative liabilities:

		September 30, 2024
Risk-free interest rate		4.63% - 5.50%
Expected term in years		0.34 – 1.90
Expected volatility		90.0% - 130.0%
Expected dividends		0%

		December 31, 2023
Risk-free interest rate		3.71% - 5.50%
Expected term in years		0.59 – 2.90
Expected volatility		100.0% - 110.0%
Expected dividends		0%

NOTE 8 - LOANS PAYABLE

Loans Payable

The following table summarizes the activity of loans payable during the nine months ended September 30, 2024:

	Principal balance at December 31, 2023		Principal additions		Principal repayments in cash			Cancellation			Effects of foreign exchange rates			Principal balance at September 30, 2024
Bounce Back Loan Scheme	$	32,818	$	-	$	(9,751	)	$	-		$	1,300		$	24,367
First Insurance - 2023		785,150		-		(523,434	)		(261,716	)		-			-
First Insurance - 2024		-		777,702		(472,671	)		-			-			305,031
Other loans payable		236,092		-		-			(81,720	)		(53	)		154,319
Total loans payable	$	1,054,060	$	777,702	$	(1,005,856	)	$	(343,436	)	$	1,247		$	483,717
Less: loans payable – current portion		1,034,124													473,143
Loans payable – noncurrent portion	$	19,936												$	10,574

For the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized interest expense associated with loans payable of $13,633 and $11,633 respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized interest expense associated with loans payable of $41,442 and $34,796, respectively, and interest income — related parties associated with loans payable of $0 and $0, respectively.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company settled $25,171 of interest expense related to loans payable. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had accrued interest associated with loans payable of $56,363 and $70,923, respectively. In June 2024, the Company cancelled the 2023 insurance policy with First Insurance and on October 1, 2024, the Company received the return premiums of $178,514 related to the cancelled insurance policy. The Company entered into a new replacement policy effective June 14, 2024, and entered into a financing agreement related to the new policy for $777,702 in July 2024.

NOTE 9 - CLASS B CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK LIABILITY

Based on the terms of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock and the Purchase Agreement, and in accordance with FASB ASC 480-10, the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock is accounted for as a liability due to the variable number of shares issuable under the agreement pursuant to the conversion terms. As of September 30, 2024, the carrying value of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock liability in aggregate was $2,772,695.

The below is a summary of the rights and preferences of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock:

Voting Rights. Until such time, if ever, as the shareholders of the Company have approved the issuance of shares of common stock upon the conversion of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (“Stockholder Approval”), the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock only has rights to vote on amendments to the Series B Designation (which are subject to the approval of a simple majority of the holders of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock), and the Protective Provisions, discussed below.

The Series B Preferred Stock requires the consent of the holders of at least a majority of the issued and outstanding shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock to (a) increase or decrease (other than by redemption or conversion) the total number of authorized shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock of the Company; (b) adopt or authorize any new designation of any Preferred Stock or amend the Certificate of Incorporation of the Company in a manner which (i) provides any holder of common stock or preferred stock any rights upon a liquidation of the Company which are prior and superior to those of the holders of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock; or (ii) adversely affect the rights, preferences and privileges of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock; (c) effect an exchange, or create a right of exchange, cancel, or create a right to cancel, of all or any part of the shares of another class of shares into shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock; (d) alter or change the rights, preferences or privileges of the shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock so as to affect adversely the shares of such series; and (e) issue any shares of Series A Preferred Stock or Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, other than the Preferred Stock issued pursuant to the Purchase Agreement (collectively, the “Protective Provisions”).

After Stockholder Approval, in addition to the above voting rights, each holder of outstanding shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock shall be entitled to cast the number of votes in connection with the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock shares held by such holder equal to the number of whole shares of common stock into which the shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock held by such holder are convertible as of the record date for determining stockholders entitled to vote on such matter. Fractional votes shall not, however, be permitted and any fractional voting rights available on an as-converted to common stock basis (after aggregating all fractional shares into which shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock held by each holder could be converted) shall be rounded down to the nearest whole share. Except as provided by law or by the other provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation or the Series B Designation, holders of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock shall vote together with the holders of common stock as a single class and there shall be no series voting.

Dividend Rights. None, except that if the Company declares a dividend or makes a distribution of cash (or any other distribution treated as a dividend under Section 301 of the Internal Revenue Code) on its common stock, each holder of Shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock is entitled to participate in such dividend or distribution in an amount equal to the largest number of whole shares of common stock into which all shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock held of record by such holder are convertible as of the record date for such dividend or distribution or, if there is no specified record date, as of the date of such dividend or distribution. Notwithstanding the foregoing, holders shall have no right of participation in connection with dividends or distributions made to the common stock stockholders consisting solely of shares of common stock.

Liquidation Preference. In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, either voluntary or involuntary (each a “Liquidation Event”), the holders of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to receive prior and in preference to any distribution of any of the assets of the Company to the holders of the common stock or securities junior to the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (other than the common stock) by reason of their ownership of such stock, but after any required distribution to any holders of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, an amount in cash per share of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock for each share of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock held by them equal to the greater of (x) one times the Stated Value; and (y) the total amount of consideration that would have been payable on such share upon a Liquidation Event, had such share of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock been converted into common stock, immediately prior to such Liquidation Event (as applicable, the “Liquidation Preference”). The “Stated Value” is $17.30 per share of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, for a total aggregate Liquidation Preference of $17,300,000.

Conversion Rights. None prior to Stockholder Approval. After Stockholder Approval, at the option of the holder(s) thereof, each share of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock is convertible into a number of shares of common stock of the Company as equals the Conversion Rate. The “Conversion Rate” shall initially be 0.685 (or 685,000 shares in aggregate, which would represent 40% of the Company’s then outstanding shares of common stock), as equitably adjusted, as applicable for stock splits and recapitalizations; provided that if at any time after the original issuance date of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock and prior to the Stockholder Approval Date, the Company shall actually issue any additional shares of common stock of the Company (each a “Dilutive Issuance”), the Conversion Rate shall be increased to a value equal to (x)(i) the total outstanding shares of common stock (“Total Outstanding Shares”) on the date immediately following such Dilutive Issuance, divided by (ii) 60%, minus (iii) the Total Outstanding Shares on the date immediately following such Dilutive Issuance, divided by (y) 1,000,000, rounded to the thousands place, as equitably adjusted, as applicable for stock splits and recapitalizations (each a “Dilutive Adjustment”); provided that in no event will the Conversion Rate be greater than ten. The effect of any change in the Conversion Rate shall not be retroactive and shall only apply for conversions of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock following the date of any Dilutive Adjustment. The Conversion Rate is designed to result in the holders of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock receiving 40% of the then outstanding shares of common stock upon conversion of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, subject to a maximum of 10 million shares of common stock, and further subject to such conversion ratio being fixed upon Stockholder Approval. The current Conversion Rate of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock is 1.318 or 1,318,000 total shares of common stock.

NOTE 10 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Litigation and Other Loss Contingencies

The Company records liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines, penalties and other sources when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company has no liabilities recorded for loss contingencies as of September 30, 2024.

Legal Matters

Action Against Former Executive of KBL

On September 1, 2021, the Company initiated legal action in the Chancery Court of Delaware against Dr. Marlene Krauss, the Company’s former Chief Executive Officer and director (“Dr. Krauss”) and two of her affiliated companies, KBL IV Sponsor, LLC and KBL Healthcare Management, Inc. (collectively, the “KBL Affiliates”) for, among other things, engaging in unauthorized monetary transfers of the Company’s assets, non-disclosure of financial liabilities within the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements, issuing shares of stock without proper authorization; and improperly allowing stockholder redemptions to take place. The Company’s complaint alleges multiple causes of action against Dr. Krauss and/or the KBL Affiliates, and seeks compensatory damages in excess of $11,286,570, together with interest, attorneys’ fees and costs. There can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in its legal action.

On October 5, 2021, Dr. Krauss and the KBL Affiliates filed an Answer, Counterclaims and Third-Party Complaint against the Company and twelve individuals who are, or were, directors and/or officers of the Company, i.e., Marc Feldmann, Lawrence Steinman, James N. Woody, Teresa DeLuca, Frank Knuettel II, Pamela Marrone, Lawrence Gold, Donald A. McGovern, Jr., Russell T. Ray, Richard W. Barker, Shoshana Shendelman and Ozan Pamir (collectively, the “Third-Party Defendants”). On February 24, 2022, Dr. Krauss filed an amended Answer, Counterclaims and Third-Party Complaint (the “Amended Counterclaims”), which, among other things, dismissed Teresa DeLuca, Frank Knuettel II, Pamela Marrone, Russell T. Ray, Richard W. Barker and Shoshana Shendelman. In essence, the Amended Counterclaims allege that the Company and the remaining Third-Party Defendants made alleged misstatements against Dr. Krauss in SEC filings, failed to register her shares in the Company so that they could be traded, and failed to pay to Dr. Krauss the amounts alleged to be owing under a promissory note in the principal amount of $371,178, plus an additional $300,000 under Dr. Krauss’s resignation agreement. On April 19, 2022, Dr. Krauss stipulated to dismiss all of her counterclaims against both Donald A. McGovern, Jr. and Lawrence Gold.

On June 25, 2024, Dr. Krauss filed a Motion for partial summary judgment on her claim that the Company failed to register her shares. The Company has not yet responded to such Motion, and no hearing date has yet been set. Discovery has not yet commenced in the case. The Company and the remaining Third-Party Defendants intend to continue to vigorously defend against all the Amended Counterclaims, however, there can be no assurance that they will be successful in the legal defense of such Amended Counterclaims.

Action Against the Company by Dr. Krauss

On August 19, 2021, Dr. Krauss initiated legal action in the Chancery Court of Delaware against the Company. The Complaint alleged that the Company is obligated to advance expenses including, attorney’s fees, to Dr. Krauss for the costs of defending against an SEC investigation and Subpoenas, and that the Company is also required to reimburse Dr. Krauss for the costs of bringing this lawsuit against the Company. On September 3, 2021, Dr. Krauss filed an Amended Complaint which further alleged that Dr. Krauss is also allegedly entitled to advancement by the Company of her expenses, including attorney’s fees, for the costs of defending against the Third-Party Complaint in the Tyche action referenced below, and the costs of defending against the Company’s own Complaint against Dr. Krauss as described above. On or about September 23, 2021, the Company filed its Answer to the Amended Complaint in which the Company denied each of Dr. Krauss’ claims and raised numerous affirmative defenses.

On November 15, 2021, Dr. Krauss filed a Motion for Summary Adjudication as to certain of the issues in the case, which was opposed by the Company. On March 7, 2022, the Court issued a decision denying the Motion in part and granting it in part. The Court then issued an Order implementing such decision on March 29, 2022. The parties subsequently engaged in proceedings as set forth in that Order, and the Company was required to pay a portion of those fees while objecting to the remaining portion of disputed fees. On October 10, 2022 and January 18, 2023, Dr. Krauss filed applications to compel the Company to pay the full amount of fees requested by Dr. Krauss for May-October 2022, and to modify the Court’s Order. On May 3, 2023, the Court issued an Order granting both of Dr. Krauss’s Applications for payment of attorney’s fees totaling $714,557, which amount was paid in May 2023.

Notwithstanding the Order, such ruling does not constitute any final adjudication as to whether Dr. Krauss will ultimately be entitled to permanently retain such advancements, and Dr. Krauss has posted an undertaking with the Court affirmatively promising to repay all such amounts if she is eventually found to be liable for the Company’s and/or the SEC’s claims against her. The Company is seeking payment for a substantial portion of such amounts from its director and officers’ insurance policy issued by AmTrust International Underwriters, as referenced below. The Company is currently in discussions with Dr. Krauss regarding a potential settlement of outstanding claims, provided that such settlement may not be entered into on favorable terms, if at all.

Action Against Tyche Capital LLC

The Company commenced and filed an action against defendant Tyche Capital LLC (“Tyche”) in the Supreme Court of New York in the County of New York on April 15, 2021. In its Complaint, the Company alleged claims against Tyche arising out of Tyche’s breach of its written contractual obligations to the Company as set forth in a Guarantee and Commitment Agreement dated July 25, 2019, and a Term Sheet for KBL Business Combination With CannBioRex dated April 10, 2019 (collectively, the “Subject Guarantee”), and claimed that Tyche’s breach of the Subject Guarantee caused the Company damages in the amount of at least $6,776,686.

On or about May 17, 2021, Tyche responded to the Company’s Complaint by filing an Answer and Counterclaims against the Company alleging that it was the Company, rather than Tyche, that had breached the Subject Guarantee. Tyche also filed a Third-Party Complaint against six third-party defendants, including three members of the Company’s then management, Sir Marc Feldmann, Dr. James Woody, and Ozan Pamir (collectively, the “Individual Company Defendants”), claiming that they allegedly breached fiduciary duties to Tyche with regards to the Subject Guarantee.

On November 23, 2021, the Court granted the Company’s request to issue an Order of attachment against all of Tyche’s shares of the Company’s stock that had been held in escrow. In so doing, the Court found that the Company had demonstrated a likelihood of success on the merits of the case based on the facts alleged in the Company’s Complaint.

On February 18, 2022, Tyche filed an Amended Answer, Counterclaims and Third-Party Complaint. On August 25, 2022, the Court granted the Company’s Motion to Dismiss each of the Individual Company Defendants, and also three of the four Counterclaims brought against the Company, leaving only Tyche’s declaratory relief claim. On August 26, 2022, Tyche filed a Motion to vacate or modify the Company’s existing attachment Order against Tyche’s shares of the Company’s stock held in escrow, however, the Court summarily denied such Motion on January 3, 2023. Although Tyche subsequently filed a Notice of Appeal as to that denial, on May 4, 2023, the Appellate Court unanimously affirmed the ruling of the lower Court in the Company’s favor.

On January 30, 2023, the Company filed a Notice of Motion for Summary Judgment. In hearings held on September 11 and 19, 2023, the Court granted the Company’s Motion, but referred the question as to the amount of the Company’s damages against Tyche to a special referee. Tyche filed a Notice of Appeal as to the Court’s ruling.

On June 30, 2024, the Company entered into a written Settlement Agreement with Tyche and Ronald Bauer & Samantha Bauer to fully resolve this action with Tyche and the Bauer action referenced below. The Settlement Agreement has been fully signed, and the parties are currently engaged in performing its terms, which include, among other things, transfer to the Company of Tyche’s shares of the Company’s stock in escrow, transfer to the Company of shares of the Company’s stock held by Theseus Capital Ltd. and Astatine Capital Ltd., forgiveness of loans to the Company by the Bauer Defendants, exoneration of the Company’s $50,000 bond in the Tyche action, complete mutual releases of all claims and counterclaims in both actions, and dismissal of both the Tyche action and the Bauer action in their entireties. As a result of forgiveness of loans payable to the Bauer Defendants totaling $81,720, and accrued interest of $25,171, as well as release of the Company’s $50,000 bond, the Company recognized a gain of $156,891 during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, included in Gain on Settlement of Liabilities on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income.

Action Against Ronald Bauer & Samantha Bauer

The Company and two of its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Katexco Pharmaceuticals Corp. and CannBioRex Pharmaceuticals Corp. (collectively, the “Company Plaintiffs”), initiated legal action against Ronald Bauer and Samantha Bauer, as well as two of their companies, Theseus Capital Ltd. and Astatine Capital Ltd. (collectively, the “Bauer Defendants”), in the Supreme Court of British Columbia on February 25, 2022. The Complaint claims that the Bauer Defendants misappropriated funds and stock shares, engaged in unauthorized stock sales, and obtained improper travel expenses. The Bauer Defendants filed a Response denying the Civil Claim Complaint of the Company on May 6, 2022.

On June 30, 2024, the Company Plaintiffs, Tyche and the Bauer Defendants entered into the Settlement Agreement described above, which fully resolves this action.

Declaratory Relief Action Against the Company by AmTrust International

On June 29, 2022, AmTrust International Underwriters DAC (“AmTrust”), which was the premerger directors’ and officers’ insurance policy underwriter for KBL, filed a declaratory relief action against the Company in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California (the “Declaratory Relief Action”) seeking a declaration that AmTrust is not obligated to reimburse the Company for fees advanced by the Company to Dr. Krauss and George Hornig under the directors’ and officers’ insurance policy.

On September 20, 2022, the Company filed its Answer and Counterclaims against AmTrust for bad faith breach of AmTrust’s insurance coverage obligations to the Company under the subject insurance policy, seeking at least $2 million in compensatory damages, and punitive damages. In addition, the Company brought a Third-Party Complaint against its excess insurance carrier, Freedom Specialty Insurance Company (“Freedom”) seeking declaratory relief that Freedom will also be required to honor its policy coverage as soon as the amount of AmTrust’s insurance coverage obligations to the Company has been exhausted. On October 25, 2022, AmTrust filed its Answer to the Company’s Counterclaims and, on October 27, 2022, Freedom filed its Answer to the Third-Party Complaint.

On November 22, 2022, the Company filed a Motion for Summary Adjudication against both AmTrust and Freedom. The Motion was fully briefed and a hearing was held on March 9, 2023. The standard to prevail on a Motion for Summary Adjudication in the Court is high to prevail and requires a judge to find that there are no disputed issues of fact so that they can rule on the issues as a matter of law. In this instance the judge found three major issues could be decided as a matter of law in the Company’s favor and that one issue, the Change in Control exclusion, requires further discovery.

On April 21, 2023, the Court issued an Order Granting in Part and Denying in Part the Company’s Motion for Partial Summary Judgment.

Specifically, the Court granted summary adjudication in favor of the Company on the following issues: (a) that the Company is, in fact, an insured under both the AmTrust and Freedom insurance policies; (b) that certain SEC subpoena related expenses for defendants Dr. Marlene Krauss, the Company’s former Chief Executive Officer and Director, and George Hornig, the former Chairman of the Board, are within the basic scope of coverage under both the AmTrust and Freedom insurance policies; and (c) that the Insured vs. Insured exclusion relied upon by AmTrust and Freedom is not applicable to bar any such coverage.

The Court also found that there were issues of disputed facts as to the Change in Control exclusion contained within the policies, which therefore precluded the Court from granting the remainder of the Company’s requests for summary adjudication as a matter of law. Accordingly, the Court, at that time, denied the Company’s further requests for summary adjudication and deemed that for the time being, the Change in Control issue is to be determined at the time of trial, in order to find that the policies (i) provide coverage for the fees which the Company has advanced and will advance to Dr. Marlene Krauss and George Hornig; (ii) that AmTrust has breached the policy; (iii) that AmTrust must pay such expenses of the Company; and that, once the AmTrust policy has been exhausted, (iv) Freedom will be obligated to pay such expenses of the Company pursuant to its policy.

On August 4, 2023, the Court granted the Company’s request to file a second motion for partial summary judgment in the case, this one being on the issue of whether AmTrust should be required to advance to the Company the defense costs being incurred by Dr. Marlene Krauss and George Hornig during the pendency of the case. The Motion for Partial Summary Judgment was fully briefed by the parties, and a hearing for such Motion was held on January 11, 2024. After the matter was taken under submission, on February 12, 2024, the Court granted the Company’s Motion for Partial Summary Judgment against both AmTrust and Freedom, and ordered as follows: (a) AmTrust is obligated under its insurance policy with the Company to advance to the Company all defense costs in excess of the deductible that the Company has advanced, or will advance, to Dr. Krauss and Mr. Hornig in connection with certain SEC Subpoenas, and (b) upon exhaustion of the AmTrust insurance policy, Freedom is obligated to do the same pursuant to its excess liability insurance policy with the Company. This Order applies throughout the interim of the case, but does not constitute a final judgment, and both the Company and the two insurers retain their rights to contest all applicable issues at trial, which is scheduled for May 12, 2025. A final judgment following trial could potentially confirm these obligations of the insurers or, alternatively, reverse and require the Company to repay all or portions of such advance payments. There is no assurance at this time as to what the final judgment may entail.

On April 16, 2024, AmTrust paid the Company $2.27 million in reimbursement of fees which the Company has advanced to Dr. Marlene Krauss and George Hornig, of which the Company received $1.5 million after the payment of attorney’s fees. On May 9, 2024, AmTrust paid the Company $300,140 in reimbursement of fees which the Company had advanced to Dr. Marlene Krauss and George Hornig, and the Company has received $200,093 after the payment of attorney’s fees.

The Company, Freedom and Amtrust held a mediation conference on August 21, 2024, during which, the Company agreed to the terms of a settlement with Freedom, pursuant to which Freedom agreed to pay $125,000 to the Company, of which the Company received approximately $83,333 after the payment of legal fees.

On September 23, 2024, Freedom paid the Company a further $125,000 in reimbursement of fees advanced by the Company, of which the Company received $76,639 after the payment of attorney’s fees. On September 5, 2024, the Company and Freedom executed a mutual release agreement. The total of $1,789,443 is included in other income on the Company’s unaudited consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

Amtrust and the Company have commenced written discovery proceedings against each other and anticipate that depositions will also occur. The Company intends to continue to vigorously pursue this matter in order to establish the Company’s entitlement to full and final payment by AmTrust of the subject advancement expenses of the Company. While the Company continues to believe it has a strong case against AmTrust, there can be no assurance that the Company will prevail in this action. The final outcome of the litigation is unknown at this time and such final outcome could be materially adverse to the Company.

Other Commitments

Amendments to Compensation Agreements

On January 10, 2024, and effective on January 1, 2024, the Company entered into (a) a Fourth Amendment to Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with Dr. James Woody, the then CEO and Director of the Company; (b) a Fourth Amendment to Employment Agreement with Dr. Jonathan Rothbard, the then Chief Science Officer (CSO) of the Company; (c) a Third Amendment to Consulting Agreement with Dr. Lawrence Steinman, the then Executive Chairman of the Company; and (d) a Second Amendment to Consulting Agreement with Prof. Sir Marc Feldmann, the former Executive Co-Chairman of the Company (collectively, the “Amendments”), which each amended the compensation agreements then in place with such individuals.

Pursuant to the Amendments, each of Dr. Woody and Dr. Rothbard, effective as of January 1, 2024, agreed to a reduction of the base salaries set forth in their respective amended employment agreements, by 50%, to $245,000 per year for Dr. Woody and to $100,000 per year for Dr. Rothbard, with the amount of such salary reductions ($20,416 per month for Dr. Woody and $8,333 per month for Dr. Rothbard) accruing monthly in arrears, to be paid upon the Company raising at least $5,000,000 in funding subsequent to the date of the Amendments (the “Funding Date”), provided that in the event the Funding Date does not occur prior to March 15, 2025, the amounts accrued will be forgiven in their entirety.

Also pursuant to the Amendments, each of Dr. Steinman and Sir Marc Feldmann, effective as of January 1, 2024, agreed to a reduction of the base salaries set forth in their respective consulting agreements, by 100%, to $0 per year for each of Dr. Steinman and Sir Marc Feldmann, with the amount of such salary reductions ($18,750 per month or $225,000 per year, for Dr. Steinman and £14,167 per month or £170,000 per year, for Sir Marc Feldmann) accruing monthly in arrears, to be paid on the Funding Date, provided that in the event the Funding Date does not occur prior to March 15, 2025, the amounts accrued will be forgiven in their entirety.

Woody Separation Agreement

On May 7, 2024, Dr. James N. Woody resigned as Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer), and as a member of the Board of Directors, of the Company effective the same date, and entered into a Separation and Release Agreement with the Company (the “Woody Separation Agreement”).

Under the Woody Separation Agreement, the Company (a) paid Dr. Woody $50,000 in cash, less all applicable withholdings and required deductions (the “Severance Cash”); (b) issued Dr. Woody 25,000 fully-vested shares of the Company’s common stock; and (c) provided Dr. Woody the right to earn the Future Contingent Payment (as defined below). The amounts above (except for the amounts payable pursuant to (c), which shall be paid by the 15th day following the date such payment is due as discussed below), are required to be paid within 15 days of the date of Dr. Woody’s resignation (the “Payment Date”). We also agreed to pay Dr. Woody a bonus of $50,000 (the “Future Contingent Payment”), [A] if we, within the 24 months following the date of Dr. Woody’s resignation, complete any corporate transaction, including but not limited to any merger, reverse merger, acquisition, disposal, joint-venture and/or investment involving the Company (a “Corporate Transaction”), which results in a Change of Control (a “Change of Control” means any Corporate Transaction pursuant to which the ownership of an aggregate of 50.1% or more of the outstanding shares of the Company is held by one or more parties after completing the Corporate Transaction); or [B] if we raise at least $5 million from any source within 12 months from Dr. Woody’s resignation date. The Future Contingent Payment is to be forfeited from Dr. Woody in the event that we are required to restate any financial statements of the Company for periods prior to Dr. Woody’s resignation date, if Dr. Woody was Chief Executive Officer of the Company during such period(s), or any disclosure made by the Company in any report or filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission, is found by the Company to be materially incorrect or misleading, as determined by the reasonable discretion of the Board of Directors of the Company (each a “Forfeiture Trigger”). In the event a Forfeiture Trigger occurs or is deemed to have occurred, Dr. Woody is also required to promptly repay in full the Severance Cash.

Under the Woody Separation Agreement, Dr. Woody agreed to provide a customary general release to the Company, waived any severance pay that would have been due pursuant to the terms of his employment agreement, agreed to the termination of his employment agreement, and also agreed to certain confidentiality, non-disclosure, non-solicitation, non-disparagement, and cooperation covenants in favor of the Company. The 25,000 fully-vested shares of the Company’s common stock due to Dr. Woody will be issued under the Company’s Second Amended and Restated 2022 Omnibus Incentive Plan. As a result of the separation, the Company had a total of $237,748 of accrued expenses owed to Dr. Woody waived in full, realizing a gain of $132,498 during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, which is included in additional paid-in capital on the consolidated statement of stockholders’ equity (deficit) due to the related party nature of the settlement.

Feldmann Separation Agreement

Effective on September 5, 2024, the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, CBR Pharma and the Company, entered into a Separation and Release Agreement with Sir Marc Feldmann, the former Co-Executive Chairman of the Company, the former Chief Executive Officer of CBR Pharma, and the former director of CBR Pharma, which was amended to clarify such agreement was effective September 5, 2024 (as amended, the “Feldmann Separation Agreement”).

Under the Feldmann Separation Agreement, the Company agreed to issue Sir Marc Feldmann 57,328 shares of common stock and options to purchase 20,000 shares of common stock with a term of two years and an exercise price of $1.95 per share, the closing sales price of the Company’s common stock on September 5, 2024, under the Company’s Second Amended and Restated 2022 Omnibus Incentive Plan to satisfy amounts owed to Sir Marc Feldmann in consideration for services previously rendered to CBR Pharma. Under the Feldmann Separation Agreement, Sir Marc Feldmann provided a customary general release to CBR Pharma and the Company, the Company and CBR Pharma provided a release to Sir Marc Feldmann, subject to certain exceptions, and Sir Marc Feldmann also agreed to certain confidentiality, non-disclosure, non-solicitation, non-disparagement, and cooperation covenants in favor of the Company and CBR Pharma. The shares were issued on September 10, 2024, and had a fair value of $101,471. The fair value of the options at issuance was $28,591. The Company valued the options using the Black-Scholes model with the following key assumptions ranging from: Fair value stock price, $1.95, Exercise price, $1.95, Term 2 years, Volatility 153.71%, Discount rate of 3.75% and a Dividend yield of 0%. The Company recognized no gain or loss on the Feldmann Separation Agreement.

Also effective on September 5, 2024, the Company entered into an Indemnification Agreement with Sir Marc Feldmann to provide for indemnification to Sir Marc Feldmann under Delaware law. Among other things, consistent with the Company’s Bylaws, the Indemnification Agreement generally requires that the Company (i) indemnify Sir Marc Feldmann from and against all expenses and liabilities with respect to proceedings to which Sir Marc Feldmann may be subject by reason of Sir Marc Feldmann’s service to the Company and its subsidiaries to the fullest extent authorized or permitted by Delaware law and (ii) advance all expenses incurred by Sir Marc Feldmann in connection with the investigation, defense, settlement or appeal of any proceeding, and in connection with any proceeding to enforce Sir Marc Feldmann’s rights under the Indemnification Agreement.

Rothbard Separation Agreement and Consulting Agreement

On May 7, 2024, Dr. Jonathan Rothbard resigned as Chief Scientific Officer of the Company effective the same date and entered into a Separation and Release Agreement with the Company (the “Rothbard Separation Agreement”).

Under the Rothbard Separation Agreement, the Company agreed to pay Dr. Rothbard $200 in cash, less all applicable withholdings and required deductions. Under the Rothbard Separation Agreement, Dr. Rothbard agreed to provide a customary general release to the Company, waived any severance pay that would have been due pursuant to the terms of his employment agreement, agreed to the termination of his employment agreement, and also agreed to certain confidentiality, non-disclosure, non-solicitation, non-disparagement, and cooperation covenants in favor of the Company. As a result of the separation, the Company had a total of $53,365 of accrued expenses owed to Dr. Rothbard waived in full, realizing a gain of $53,165 during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, which is included in additional paid-in capital on the consolidated statement of stockholders’ equity (deficit) due to the related party nature of the settlement.

Effective on May 7, 2024, the Company entered into a Consulting Agreement with Dr. Rothbard pursuant to which he agreed to provide general consulting services to the Company for a term of six months, for $150 per hour (the “Rothbard Consulting Agreement”). The agreement contains standard and customary confidentiality requirements.

Steinman Fourth Amendment to Consulting Agreement

On May 7, 2024, the Company entered into a Fourth Amendment to Consulting Agreement with Dr. Lawrence Steinman, the then Executive Chairman of the Board and current director of the Company (the “Fourth Amendment”). Pursuant to the Fourth Amendment, Dr. Steinman waived and forgave all amounts accrued and owed to him under the Consulting Agreement through such date, and agreed that compensation payable to him under the Consulting Agreement moving forward would be $0, provided that as long as Dr. Steinman remains a member of the Board of Company, he is to receive the same compensation payable to other non-executive members of the Board of Directors. As a result of the Fourth Amendment, the Company had $175,313 in accrued expenses owed to Dr. Steinman waived in full, and realized a gain on the transaction of $175,313, which is included in additional paid-in capital on the consolidated statement of stockholders’ equity (deficit) due to the related party nature of the settlement.

Dr. Steinman also agreed to step down as Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors and to instead serve as a regular member of the Board of Directors, provided that on May 7, 2024, Dr. Steinman was appointed as a member of the then Strategy and Alternatives Committee of the Company.

SEC Form 10-Q filed by 180 Life Sciences Corp.