HA Sustainable Infrastructure Capital, Inc. ("HASI," "we," "our" or the "Company") (NYSE:HASI), a leading investor in sustainable infrastructure assets, today reported results for the third quarter of 2025.

Key Highlights

GAAP EPS of $0.61, compared with $(0.17) in Q3 2024, and Adjusted EPS of $0.80, compared to $0.52 in Q3 2024.
GAAP-based Net Investment Income (Loss) was $6 million in Q3 2025, and Adjusted Recurring Net Investment Income totaled $105 million in Q3 2025, up 42% year-over-year.
Adjusted ROE increased to 13.4% year-to-date through Q3 2025.
Managed Assets grew 15% year-over-year to $15.0 billion as of September 30, 2025.
Closed approximately $1.5 billion in transactions through the first three quarters of 2025 with new asset yields on Portfolio investments >10.5%.
New $1.2 billion investment in a 2.6 GW utility-scale renewable project closed in October.
Adjusted EPS growth in 2025 expected to be ~10% and guidance reaffirmed for compound annual growth in Adjusted EPS of 8-10% through 2027 relative to the 2023 baseline.

"We are pleased to deliver an exceptional Q3 report with strong results in every one of our key metrics including new investment volumes and yields, Managed Assets, Adjusted Recurring Net Investment Income and Adjusted EPS," said HASI President and Chief Executive Officer Jeffrey A. Lipson. "In addition, we are on pace to close more than $3 billion in new transactions in 2025 and the outlook for our business remains particularly robust."

A summary of our financial results is detailed in the table below:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,					For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2025		2024			2025		2024
	(in thousands, except for per share data)
GAAP Net Income	$	83,257	$	(19,616	)	$	238,314	$	129,949
GAAP Diluted earnings per share		0.61		(0.17	)		1.79		1.09

Adjusted earnings		102,543		62,624			255,598		215,213
Adjusted earnings per share		0.80		0.52			2.04		1.83

GAAP-based net investment income (loss)		5,919		13,832			11,402		35,944
Adjusted recurring net investment income		105,144		74,083			268,703		211,038

GAAP Net Income and Adjusted Earnings

"Our results this quarter are the culmination of our business strategy where we have demonstrated multiple facets of our value creation capabilities and have increased our year-to-date Adjusted ROE to 13.4%. With improvements in our equity efficiency and earnings growth, we are realizing a higher incremental ROE that will accelerate the trajectory of shareholder returns," said HASI Chief Financial Officer, Chuck Melko.

GAAP Earnings and EPS

GAAP net income (loss) to controlling stockholders was $83 million in Q3 2025, compared to $(20) million in Q3 2024. GAAP diluted earnings (loss) per share was $0.61 in Q3 2025, compared to $(0.17) in Q3 2024. GAAP income in the current period was driven by total revenue of $103 million and income from equity method investments of $125 million, which were offset by total expenses of $108 million and income tax expense of $34 million.

Adjusted Earnings and EPS

Adjusted earnings were $103 million in Q3 2025, driven by Adjusted Recurring Net Investment Income of $105 million, Gain on Sale of Assets of $25 million, and Origination Fee and Other Income of $1 million, while Compensation and Benefits and General & Administrative expenses (excluding Equity-Based Compensation) were approximately $28 million.

Adjusted Earnings in Q3 2025 increased $40 million compared to Q3 2024, due to a $31 million increase in Adjusted Recurring Net Investment Income driven by a larger Portfolio and project refinancing proceeds, and a $17 million increase in Gain on Sale of Assets. These items were partially offset by an $8 million increase in Compensation and Benefits and General & Administrative expenses (excluding Equity-Based Compensation) primarily due to timing of incentive-based compensation accrued in Q3 2025.

Adjusted EPS was $0.80 in Q3 2025, compared to $0.52 in Q3 2024, due to the increase in Adjusted Earnings described above.

An explanation and reconciliation of GAAP Earnings and EPS to Adjusted Earnings and EPS can be found at the end of this release.

Adjusted Recurring Net Investment Income

HASI's Managed Assets consists of three major components: our Portfolio, our co-investment structures, and our securitized assets. HASI generates recurring income from each of these components: (1) income generated from our Portfolio, including both our debt investments ("Receivables" and "Real Estate and Debt Securities"), and our equity investments ("Equity Method Investments"), (2) management fee income from our securitization trusts and our partner's share of our co-investment structures, and (3) income from our retained interests in our securitized assets. Adjusted Recurring Net Investment Income measures the recurring income we generate from these three sources, net of interest expense.

GAAP-based net investment income captures Interest and Rental Income revenue as well as Management Fees and Retained Interest Income, less interest expense. However, it does not include the income generated from our Equity Method Investments (as defined below), and thus fails to capture all of the economic returns earned by our Portfolio. GAAP-based net investment income was $6 million in Q3 2025.

Adjusted Recurring Net Investment Income captures not only our management fee income and income from our retained interests in our securitized assets, but also our income from our entire Portfolio, including both our equity and debt investments, net of interest expense. As a result, management views Adjusted Recurring Net Investment Income as a helpful indicator of the full underlying economics of our investments, enabling a useful comparison of financial results between periods. Adjusted Recurring Net Investment Income was $105 million in Q3 2025, an increase of 42% from $74 million in Q3 2024.

A reconciliation of GAAP-based Net Investment Income to Adjusted Recurring Net Investment Income is shown below, and further explanation can be found at the end of this release.

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2025			2024			2025			2024
	(in thousands)
Interest and rental income	$	68,976		$	64,151		$	202,894		$	197,551
Management fees and retained interest income		8,424			9,082			24,412			19,197
Interest expense		(71,481	)		(59,401	)		(215,904	)		(180,804	)
GAAP-based net investment income (loss) ⁽¹⁾		5,919			13,832			11,402			35,944
Adjusted income from equity method investments ⁽²⁾		100,068			59,436			249,024			174,189
Loss (gain) on debt modification or extinguishment		293			953			11,171			953
Amortization of real estate intangibles		3			3			9			177
Elimination of proportionate share of management fees earned from co-investment structures ⁽³⁾		(1,139	)		(141	)		(2,903	)		(225	)
Adjusted recurring net investment income	$	105,144		$	74,083		$	268,703		$	211,038

(1)		GAAP-based net investment income (loss) as reported in previous periods was not defined to include Management fees and retained interest income. It has been included here in comparative periods to reflect the new definition.
(2)		This is a non-GAAP adjustment to reflect the return on capital of our equity method investments.
(3)		GAAP net income includes an elimination of the intercompany portion of management fees received from co-investment structures in the Equity method income line item. Since GAAP Equity method income is not a component of this metric, we include the elimination of the management fee through this adjustment.

Adjusted Recurring Net Investment Income represents the sum of (1) Interest and Rental Income Revenue, (2) Adjusted Income from Equity Method Investments, and (3) Management Fees and Retained Interest Income, net of (4) Interest Expense and (5) the elimination of our proportionate share of fees earned from co-investment structures. It also excludes other non-cash items such as Amortization of Real Estate Intangibles and, when applicable, Loss (Gain) on Debt Modification or Extinguishment:

Interest and Rental Income Revenue

As of September 30, 2025, our Receivables, Net of Allowance, and Receivables Held-for-Sale totaled $3.3 billion, up 14% from $2.9 billion as of September 30, 2024, due to the funding of additional investments over the previous 12 months.

Interest and Rental Income Revenue was $69 million in Q3 2025, compared to $64 million in Q3 2024, driven by higher yields on our investments and investment fundings.

Adjusted Income from Equity Method Investments

As of September 30, 2025, our Equity Method Investments were $4.1 billion, an increase of 23% from $3.4 billion as of September 30, 2024. Equity Method Investments includes our proportionate share of our co-investment vehicle CCH1, which was $576 million as of September 30, 2025, compared to $84 million as of September 30, 2024. Approximately 75% of the assets in CCH1 were receivables or debt securities, and 25% were equity method investments as of September 30, 2025.

Adjusted Income from Equity Method Investments¹ was $100 million in Q3 2025, an increase of 68% compared to $59 million in Q3 2024, driven by both growth in Equity Method Investments and higher yields, as well as the impact of project refinancing proceeds received in Q3 2025.

Management Fees and Retained Interest Income

As of September 30, 2025, assets held by our partners in our co-investment vehicles were $592 million, compared to $74 million as of September 30, 2024. In addition, our Retained Interests in Securitization Trusts, Net of Allowance, were $278 million, an increase of 8% from $258 million as of September 30, 2024.

Management Fees and Retained Interest Income Revenue was $8 million in Q3 2025, compared to $9 million in Q3 2024, due to the timing of servicing fees recognized from securitized assets.

Interest Expense

As of September 30, 2025, our total debt outstanding was $5.2 billion, as compared to $4.1 billion as of September 30, 2024, and our weighted-average interest cost, as measured by GAAP interest expense as adjusted for loss on debt modification or extinguishment divided by average debt outstanding, was 5.9% in Q3 2025, compared to 5.6% in Q3 2024.

Interest expense was $71 million in Q3 2025, an increase of $12 million compared to $59 million in Q3 2024.

_________________________________

¹ Adjusted Income from Equity Method Investments is calculated using our underwritten project cash flows discounted back to the net present value, based on a target investment rate, with the cash flows to be received in the future reflecting both a return on the capital (based upon the underwritten investment rate) and a return of the capital we have committed to our equity method investments, as adjusted to reflect the performance of the project and the cash distributed.

Managed Assets and New Investment Activity

As of September 30, 2025, our Managed Assets totaled $15.0 billion, up 15% from September 30, 2024, and consisted of (1) our Portfolio, (2) our partners' portion of our co-investment vehicle CCH1, and (3) assets we have securitized. As of September 30, 2025, our Portfolio was approximately $7.5 billion. Portfolio yield was 8.6% as of September 30, 2025, compared to 8.1% as of September 30, 2024, due primarily to the funding of higher yielding portfolio assets.

We closed new transactions totaling approximately $649 million in Q3 2025. Through the first nine months of 2025, closed transactions totaled approximately $1.5 billion. Subsequent to the end of Q3 2025, we closed a new $1.2 billion investment in a 2.6 GW utility-scale renewable project in October. As of September 30, 2025, our pipeline was more than $6.0 billion, even after excluding the $1.2 billion investment in October.

Weighted average yields on new Portfolio investments were underwritten at more than 10.5% during Q3 2025, consistent with the weighted average yields on Portfolio investments over the prior five quarters.

		As of
		September 30, 2025			September 30, 2024
	(in millions)
Managed Assets		$	15,047		$	13,117
GAAP-Based Portfolio			7,542			6,296

Portfolio Yield			8.6	%		8.1	%

An explanation and reconciliation of GAAP-based Portfolio to Managed Assets can be found at the end of this release.

Our Portfolio remains well-diversified across established clean energy end markets with approximately $3.7 billion of Behind-the-Meter assets, approximately $2.8 billion of Grid-Connected assets, with the remainder comprising assets in Fuels, Transportation, and Nature.

We continued to experience strong credit performance and negligible losses across our Portfolio of investments. The following is an analysis of the performance ratings of our Portfolio as of September 30, 2025.

	Portfolio Performance
	Commercial			Government			Commercial			Commercial
	1⁽¹⁾			1⁽¹⁾			2⁽²⁾			3⁽³⁾			Total
	(dollars in millions)
Total receivables	$	3,091		$	31		$	30		$	—		$	3,152
Less: Allowance for loss on receivables		(54	)		—			(4	)		—			(58	)
Net receivables		3,037			31			26			—			3,094
Receivables held-for-sale		232			3			—			—			235
Debt securities and real estate		76			2			—			—			78
Equity method investments ⁽⁴⁾		4,107			—			28			—			4,135
Total	$	7,452		$	36		$	54		$	—		$	7,542
Percent of Portfolio		99	%		—	%		1	%		—	%		100	%

(1)		This category includes our assets where based on our credit criteria and performance to date, we believe that our risk of not receiving our invested capital remains low.
(2)		This category includes our assets where based on our credit criteria and performance to date, we believe there is a moderate level of risk of not receiving some or all of our invested capital. In the second quarter of 2025, we moved into this category a receivable previously included in Category 1 where the underlying assets are experiencing project-specific operational challenges which are currently in the process of being remediated.
(3)		This category includes our assets where based on our credit criteria and performance to date, we believe there is substantial doubt regarding our ability to recover some or all of our invested capital. Receivables or debt securities in this category are placed on non-accrual status.
(4)		Some of the individual projects included in portfolios that make up our equity method investments have government off-takers. As they are part of large portfolios, they are not classified separately.

Liquidity and Leverage

As of September 30, 2025, cash and cash equivalents totaled $302 million and our total liquidity was $1.1 billion, including approximately $834 million of unused capacity under our revolving credit facility and commercial paper program. Subsequent to the end of Q3 2025, we closed a $250 million delayed-draw term loan facility which can be drawn upon between March 16, 2026 and June 15, 2026. Drawn loans, if any, mature on June 15, 2028, and bear interest at current applicable margins of 1.650% for SOFR-based loans and 0.650% for alternative base rate-based loans.

Total debt outstanding was $5.2 billion at September 30, 2025, and our debt-to-equity ratio was 1.9x, within our target range of 1.5x to 2.0x and below our internal limit of 2.5x. Approximately 88% of our debt outstanding at September 30, 2025, was either fixed-rate or hedged base rate debt, and 12% was floating-rate debt or short-term commercial paper notes.

Sustainability and Impact Highlights

An estimated 54,000 metric tons of carbon emissions will be avoided annually by the transactions closed this quarter, equating to a CarbonCount^®score of 0.12 metric tons per $1,000 invested. In total, including assets not retained in our Portfolio, our Managed Assets are avoiding approximately 8.4 million metric tons of carbon emissions annually, based on our proprietary CarbonCount score.

Guidance

We expect Adjusted Earnings per Share to increase approximately 10% year-over-year in 2025. In addition, we reaffirm our 2027 guidance for both Adjusted Earnings per Share and dividend payout ratio. We continue to expect Adjusted Earnings per Share in 2027 to increase at a compound annual rate of 8% to 10%, relative to the 2023 baseline of $2.23 per share, which is equivalent to a midpoint of $3.15 per share in 2027. We also expect distributions of annual dividends per share of common stock to decline to between 55% and 60% of annual Adjusted Earnings per Share by 2027. This guidance reflects our judgments and estimates of (i) yield on our existing Portfolio; (ii) yield on incremental Portfolio investments, inclusive of our existing pipeline; (iii) the volume and profitability of transactions; (iv) amount, timing, and costs of debt and equity capital to fund new investments; (v) changes in costs and expenses reflective of our forecasted operations; and (vi) the general interest rate and market environment. In addition, distributions are subject to approval by our Board of Directors on a quarterly basis. We have not provided GAAP guidance as discussed in the Forward-Looking Statements section of this press release.

Dividend

The Company is also announcing today that our Board of Directors approved a quarterly cash dividend of $0.42 per share of common stock. This dividend will be paid on January 9, 2026, to stockholders of record as of December 29, 2025.

Conference Call and Webcast Information

HASI will host an investor conference call today, Thursday, November 6, 2025, at 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time. The conference call can be accessed live over the phone by dialing 1-877-407-0890 (Toll-Free) or +1-201-389-0918 (toll). Participants should inform the operator that they want to join the "HASI Third Quarter 2025 Results" call. The conference call will also be accessible as an audio webcast with slides on our website. A replay after the event will be accessible as on-demand webcast on our website.

About HASI

HASI (NYSE:HASI) is an investor in sustainable infrastructure assets advancing the energy transition. With more than $15 billion in Managed Assets, our investments are diversified across multiple asset classes, including utility-scale solar, onshore wind, and storage; distributed solar and storage; RNG; and energy efficiency. We combine deep expertise in energy markets and financial structuring with long-standing programmatic client partnerships to deliver superior risk-adjusted returns and measurable environmental benefits. HA Sustainable Infrastructure Capital, Inc. is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (Ticker: HASI). For more information, please visit hasi.com.

Forward-Looking Statements

Some of the information contained in this press release is forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, that are subject to risks and uncertainties. For these statements, we claim the protections of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in such Sections. These forward-looking statements include information about possible or assumed future results of our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, plans and objectives. When we use the words "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "estimate," "plan," "continue," "intend," "should," "may" or similar expressions, we intend to identify forward-looking statements. However, the absence of these words or similar expressions does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. All statements that address operating performance, events or developments that we expect or anticipate will occur in the future are forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. Investors are cautioned against placing undue reliance on such statements. Actual results may differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements include those discussed under the caption "Risk Factors" included in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K as well as in other periodic reports that we file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which such statement is made, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances, including, but not limited to, unanticipated events, after the date on which such statement is made, unless otherwise required by law. New factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for management to predict all such factors, nor can it assess the impact of each such factor on the business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained or implied in any forward-looking statement.

The Company has not provided GAAP guidance as forecasting a comparable GAAP financial measure, such as net income, would require that the Company apply the hypothetical liquidation at book value ("HLBV") method to these investments. In order to forecast under the HLBV method, the Company would be required to make various assumptions related to expected changes in the net asset value of the various entities and how such changes would be allocated under HLBV. GAAP HLBV earnings over a period of time are very sensitive to these assumptions especially in regard to when a partnership transaction flips and thus the liquidation scenarios change materially. The Company believes that these assumptions would require unreasonable efforts to complete and if completed, the wide variation in projected GAAP earnings based upon a range of scenarios would not be meaningful to investors. Accordingly, the Company has not included a GAAP reconciliation table related to any adjusted earnings guidance.

Estimated carbon savings are calculated using the estimated kilowatt hours, gallons of fuel oil, million British thermal units of natural gas and gallons of water saved as appropriate, for each project. The energy savings are converted into an estimate of metric tons of CO2 equivalent emissions based upon the project's location and the corresponding emissions factor data from the U.S. Government and International Energy Agency. Portfolios of projects are represented on an aggregate basis.

HA SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE CAPITAL, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2025			2024			2025			2024
Revenue
Interest and rental income	$	68,976		$	64,151		$	202,894		$	197,551
Gain on sale of assets		24,898			7,678			51,395			62,084
Management fees and retained interest income		8,424			9,082			24,412			19,197
Origination fee and other income		766			1,054			6,989			3,466
Total revenue		103,064			81,965			285,690			282,298
Expenses
Interest expense		71,481			59,401			215,904			180,804
Provision (benefit) for loss on receivables and retained interests in securitization trusts		3,026			1,233			7,876			(944	)
Compensation and benefits		27,388			17,221			70,498			58,711
General and administrative		6,326			6,993			22,201			24,001
Total expenses		108,221			84,848			316,479			262,572
Income before equity method investments		(5,157	)		(2,883	)		(30,789	)		19,726
Income (loss) from equity method investments		124,560			(23,405	)		370,227			162,019
Income (loss) before income taxes		119,403			(26,288	)		339,438			181,745
Income tax (expense) benefit		(34,497	)		7,112			(96,552	)		(49,429	)
Net income (loss)	$	84,906		$	(19,176	)	$	242,886		$	132,316
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest holders		1,649			440			4,572			2,367
Net income (loss) attributable to controlling stockholders	$	83,257		$	(19,616	)	$	238,314		$	129,949
Basic earnings (loss) per common share	$	0.66		$	(0.17	)	$	1.94		$	1.12
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share	$	0.61		$	(0.17	)	$	1.79		$	1.09
Weighted average common shares outstanding—basic		124,590,160			116,584,392			121,848,113			114,518,199
Weighted average common shares outstanding—diluted		139,610,248			116,584,392			138,403,054			129,562,463

HA SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE CAPITAL, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)

	September 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	301,824		$	129,758
Equity method investments		4,135,445			3,612,394
Receivables, net of allowance of $58 million and $50 million, respectively		3,093,573			2,895,837
Receivables held-for-sale (includes $191 million and $0 million at fair value)		235,153			75,556
Real estate and available-for-sale debt securities		78,054			9,802
Retained interests in securitization trusts, net of allowance of $3 million and $3 million, respectively		278,356			248,688
Other assets		81,561			108,210
Total Assets	$	8,203,966		$	7,080,245
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Liabilities:
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other	$	329,082		$	275,639
Credit facilities		161,196			1,001
Commercial paper notes		670,484			100,057
Term loans payable		391,733			407,978
Non-recourse debt (secured by assets of $308 million and $307 million, respectively)		123,365			131,589
Senior unsecured notes		3,443,024			3,139,363
Convertible notes		399,211			619,543
Total Liabilities		5,518,095			4,675,170
Stockholders' Equity:
Preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, 50,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding		—			—
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share, 450,000,000 shares authorized, 126,073,482 and 118,960,353 shares issued and outstanding, respectively		1,261			1,190
Additional paid-in capital		2,794,548			2,592,964
Accumulated deficit		(215,500	)		(297,499	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		24,677			40,101
Non-controlling interest		80,885			68,319
Total Stockholders' Equity		2,685,871			2,405,075
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	$	8,203,966		$	7,080,245

HA SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE CAPITAL, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) (UNAUDITED)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2025			2024
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income (loss)	$	242,886		$	132,316
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for loss on receivables and retained interests in securitization trusts		7,876			(944	)
Depreciation and amortization		596			690
Amortization of financing costs		11,507			12,994
Equity-based expenses		24,023			19,002
Equity method investments		(235,764	)		(122,042	)
Non-cash gain on securitization		(34,376	)		(58,978	)
(Gain) loss on sale of receivables and debt securities		—			7,717
Loss on debt extinguishment		10,850			—
Changes in receivables held-for-sale		(175,462	)		(16,763	)
Changes in accounts payable and accrued expenses		77,078			69,357
Change in accrued interest on receivables and debt securities		(34,543	)		(52,244	)
Cash received (paid) upon hedge settlement		17,696			19,261
Other		8,277			7,689
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		(79,356	)		18,055
Cash flows from investing activities
Equity method investments		(341,933	)		(200,202	)
Equity method investment distributions received		52,258			26,705
Proceeds from sales of equity method investments		—			2,107
Purchases of and investments in receivables		(627,921	)		(501,548	)
Principal collections from receivables		460,830			508,704
Proceeds from sales of receivables		8,344			124,150
Proceeds from sale of real estate		—			115,767
Purchases of debt securities and retained interests in securitization trusts		(70,558	)		(10,537	)
Collateral provided to hedge counterparties		(5,670	)		(26,380	)
Collateral received from hedge counterparties		5,860			16,150
Other		7,803			(845	)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		(510,987	)		54,071
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from credit facilities		580,000			831,792
Principal payments on credit facilities		(420,000	)		(1,116,792	)
Proceeds from issuance of term loan		—			250,000
Principal payments on term loan		(17,868	)		(563,148	)
Proceeds from issuance of non-recourse debt		—			94,000
Proceeds from (repayments of) commercial paper notes		572,000			(12,000	)
Principal payments on non-recourse debt		(6,484	)		(72,302	)
Proceeds from issuance of senior unsecured notes		996,174			900,355
Principal payments on convertible notes		(200,000	)		—
Redemption of senior unsecured notes		(700,000	)		(400,000	)
Net proceeds of common stock issuances		187,170			179,722
Payments of dividends and distributions		(155,627	)		(142,178	)
Redemption premium and fees paid		(8,395	)		—
Payment of financing costs		(10,193	)		(27,100	)
Collateral provided to hedge counterparties		(124,340	)		(134,150	)
Collateral received from hedge counterparties		71,890			124,700
Other		(5,453	)		(1,471	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		758,874			(88,572	)
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		168,531			(16,446	)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period		150,156			75,082
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	$	318,687		$	58,636
Interest paid	$	211,085		$	142,808
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash activity
Interests retained from securitization transactions	$	15,164		$	31,662
Equity method investments retained from securitization and deconsolidation transactions		—			32,564
Equity method investments retained from sale of assets upon establishment of co-investment structure		—			54,655
Deconsolidation of non-recourse debt		—			51,233
Deconsolidation of assets pledged for non-recourse debt		—			51,761
Removal of deferred financing obligation upon securitization		29,051			—

EXPLANATORY NOTES

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Adjusted Earnings

We calculate Adjusted Earnings as GAAP net income (loss) excluding non-cash equity expense, provisions for loss on receivables, amortization of intangibles, non-cash provision (benefit) for taxes, losses (gains) from modification or extinguishment of debt facilities, non-cash tax charges and the earnings attributable to our non-controlling interest of our Operating Partnership. We also make an adjustment to eliminate our portion of fees we earn from related-party co-investment structures, and for our equity method investments in the renewable energy projects as described below. We will use judgment in determining when we will reflect the losses on receivables in our Adjusted Earnings, and will consider certain circumstances such as the time period in default, sufficiency of collateral as well as the outcomes of any related litigation. In the future, Adjusted Earnings may also exclude one-time events pursuant to changes in GAAP and certain other adjustments as approved by a majority of our independent directors.

We believe a non-GAAP measure, such as Adjusted Earnings, that adjusts for the items discussed above is and has been a meaningful indicator of our economic performance in any one period and is useful to our investors as well as management in evaluating our performance, including as it relates to expected dividend payments over time. Additionally, we believe that our investors also use Adjusted Earnings, or a comparable supplemental performance measure, to evaluate and compare our performance to that of our peers, and as such, we believe that the disclosure of Adjusted Earnings is useful to our investors.

Certain of our equity method investments in renewable energy and energy efficiency projects are structured using typical partnership "flip" structures where the investors with cash distribution preferences receive a pre-negotiated return consisting of priority distributions from the project cash flows, in many cases, along with tax attributes. Tax equity investors typically realize a large portion of their return through an allocation of the majority of tax attributes, such as tax depreciation and tax credits, as such credits are realized by the project. Once this preferred return is achieved, the partnership "flips" and the common equity investor, often the operator or sponsor of the project, receives more of the cash flows through its equity interests while the previously preferred investors retain an ongoing residual interest. We have made investments in both the preferred and common equity of these structures. Given our equity method investments are in project companies, they typically have a finite expected life. We typically negotiate the purchase prices of our equity investments based on our underwritten project cash flows discounted back to a net present value, based on a target investment rate, with the cash flows to be received in the future reflecting both a return on the capital (at the investment rate) and a return of the capital we have committed to the project. We use a similar approach in the underwriting of our receivables.

Under GAAP, we account for these equity method investments utilizing the HLBV method. Under this method, we recognize income or loss based on the change in the amount each partner would receive if the assets were liquidated at book value, after adjusting for any distributions or contributions made during such quarter. The amount received in a liquidation is typically based on the negotiated profit and loss allocation, which may differ from the allocation of distributable cash in any given period. The amount allocated to a tax equity investor during the hypothetical liquidation is typically reduced over time as tax attributes are allocated to them and they achieve portions of their preferred return. Accordingly, tax equity investors are allocated losses as they receive tax benefits, while the sponsors of the project and other investors subordinate to tax equity are allocated gains of a similar amount. Tax equity investors can generally elect either investment tax credits or production tax credits, which are each recognized over different time periods. This results in different HLBV income profiles despite the fact that cash allocations are typically not directly impacted by such a tax credit election. In addition, the agreed upon allocations of the project's cash flows may differ materially from the profit and loss allocation used for the HLBV calculations in a given period.

The application of the HLBV method described above results in GAAP income or loss in any one period that is often significantly different from the economic returns achieved from the investment in any one period as a result of the impact of tax allocations, the high levels of depreciation and other non-cash expenses that are common to renewable energy projects and the differences between the agreed upon profit and loss and the cash flow allocations. Thus, in calculating Adjusted Earnings, we adjust GAAP net income (loss) for certain of our investments where there are characteristics as described above to take into account our calculation of the return on capital (based upon the underwritten investment rate), as adjusted to reflect the performance of the project and the cash distributed. In calculating the underwritten investment rate, we make certain assumptions, including the timing and amounts of cash flows generated by our investments, which may differ from actual results, and may update this yield to reflect our most current estimates of project performance. We believe this equity method investment adjustment to our GAAP net income (loss) in calculating our Adjusted Earnings measure is an important supplement to the income (loss) from equity method investments as determined under GAAP that helps investors understand the economic performance of these investments where HLBV income can differ substantially from the economic returns in any one period.

We have acquired equity investments in portfolios of renewable energy projects which have the majority of the distributions payable to more senior investors in the first few years of the project. The following table provides our results related to our equity method investments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2025		2024			2025		2024
	(in millions)
Income (loss) under GAAP	$	125	$	(23	)	$	370	$	162

Collections of Adjusted earnings	$	68	$	26		$	141	$	57
Return of capital		25		6			46		10
Cash collected	$	93	$	32		$	187	$	67

Adjusted Earnings does not represent cash generated from operating activities in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net income (determined in accordance with GAAP), or an indication of our cash flow from operating activities (determined in accordance with GAAP), or a measure of our liquidity, or an indication of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to make cash distributions. In addition, our methodology for calculating Adjusted Earnings may differ from the methodologies employed by other companies to calculate the same or similar supplemental performance measures, and accordingly, our reported Adjusted Earnings may not be comparable to similar metrics reported by other companies.

Adjusted ROE

Adjusted ROE is not a financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP. It is calculated as Adjusted Earnings as described in this Appendix divided by our GAAP stockholders' equity over the relevant period, presented on an annualized basis. GAAP stockholders' equity at each date is located in the respective quarter's Form 10-Q or that year's Form 10-K.

Reconciliation of our GAAP Net Income to Adjusted Earnings

We have calculated our Adjusted Earnings and provided a reconciliation of our GAAP net income to Adjusted Earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 in the tables below.

		Three months ended September 30,												Nine months ended September 30,
		2025						2024						2025						2024
		$			per share			$			per share			$			per share			$			per share
		(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Net income attributable to controlling stockholders ⁽¹⁾		$	83,257		$	0.61		$	(19,616	)	$	(0.17	)	$	238,314		$	1.79		$	129,949		$	1.09
Adjustments:
Reverse GAAP (income) loss from equity method investments			(124,560	)					23,405						(370,227	)					(162,019	)
Add adjusted income from equity method investments ⁽²⁾			100,068						59,436						249,024						174,189
Elimination of proportionate share of fees earned from co-investment structures ⁽³⁾			(1,441	)					(236	)					(5,716	)					(347	)
Equity-based expenses			5,751						4,118						24,023						21,459
Provision for loss on receivables ⁽⁴⁾			3,026						1,233						7,876						(944	)
(Gain) loss on debt modification or extinguishment			293						953						11,171						953
Amortization of intangibles			3						3						9						177
Non-cash provision (benefit) for income taxes			34,497						(7,112	)					96,552						49,429
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest			1,649						440						4,572						2,367
Adjusted earnings		$	102,543		$	0.80		$	62,624		$	0.52		$	255,598		$	2.04		$	215,213		$	1.83
Shares for adjusted earnings per share ⁽⁵⁾						128,255,027						119,799,985						125,391,042						117,568,734
Average stockholders' equity		$				2,637,253		$				2,323,133		$				2,537,581		$				2,306,560
Adjusted return on equity						15.6	%					10.8	%					13.4	%					12.4	%

(1)	The per share data reflects the GAAP diluted earnings per share and is the most comparable GAAP measure to our Adjusted Earnings per share.
(2)	This is a non-GAAP adjustment to reflect the return on capital of our equity method investments as described above.
(3)	This adjustment is to eliminate the intercompany portion of both up-front origination fees and ongoing asset management received from co-investment structures that for GAAP net income is included in the Equity method income line item. Since we remove GAAP Equity method income for purposes of our Adjusted Earnings metric, we add back the eliminations through this adjustment.
(4)	In addition to these provisions, in the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we concluded that an equity method investment, along with certain loans we had made to this investee, were not recoverable. The equity method investment and loans had a carrying value of $0 due to the losses already recognized through GAAP income from equity method investments as a result of operating losses sustained by the investee. We have excluded this write-off from Adjusted earnings, as this investment was an investment in a corporate entity which is not a part of our current investment strategy and is immaterial to our Portfolio. The loss associated with this investment is included in our Average Annual Realized Loss on Managed Assets metric disclosed in the Management's Discussion and Analysis found in our Form 10-Q.
(5)	Shares used to calculate Adjusted Earnings per share represent the weighted average number of shares outstanding including our issued unrestricted common shares, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, long-term incentive plan units, and the non-controlling interest in our Operating Partnership. We include any potential common stock issuances related to share based compensation units in the amount we believe is reasonably certain to vest. As it relates to Convertible Notes, we will assess the market characteristics around the instrument to determine if it is more akin to debt or equity based on the value of the underlying shares compared to the conversion price. If the instrument is more debt-like then we will include any related interest expense and exclude the underlying shares issuable upon conversion of the instrument. If the instrument is more equity-like and is more dilutive when treated as equity then we will exclude any related interest expense and include the weighted average shares underlying the instrument. We will consider the impact of any capped calls in assessing whether an instrument is equity-like or debt-like.

Adjusted Recurring Net Investment Income

We have a Portfolio of investments that we finance using a combination of debt and equity, and we also generate recurring income from our retained interests in securitization trusts and from ongoing management fees from our securitization trusts and our co-investment vehicle. We calculate Adjusted Recurring Net Investment Income as shown in the table below by adjusting GAAP-based net investment income for those earnings adjustments that are applicable to Adjusted Recurring Net Investment Income. We believe that this measure is useful to investors as it shows the recurring income generated by our Portfolio after the associated interest cost of debt financing and from our asset management activities. Our management also uses Adjusted Recurring Net Investment Income in this way. Our non-GAAP Adjusted Recurring Net Investment Income measure may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies. This measure also differs from our previously reported "Adjusted Net Investment Income", as Adjusted Net Investment Income did not include Management fees and retained interest income. For further information on the adjustments between GAAP-based net investment income and Adjusted Recurring Net Investment Income, including information about our equity method investments, see the discussion above related to Adjusted Earnings.

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2025			2024			2025			2024
	(in thousands)
Interest and rental income	$	68,976		$	64,151		$	202,894		$	197,551
Management fees and retained interest income		8,424			9,082			24,412			19,197
Interest expense		(71,481	)		(59,401	)		(215,904	)		(180,804	)
GAAP-based net investment income (loss) ⁽¹⁾		5,919			13,832			11,402			35,944
Adjusted income from equity method investments ⁽²⁾		100,068			59,436			249,024			174,189
Loss (gain) on debt modification or extinguishment		293			953			11,171			953
Amortization of real estate intangibles		3			3			9			177
Elimination of proportionate share of management fees earned from co-investment structures ⁽³⁾		(1,139	)		(141	)		(2,903	)		(225	)
Adjusted recurring net investment income	$	105,144		$	74,083		$	268,703		$	211,038

(1)		GAAP-based net investment income (loss) as reported in previous periods was not defined to include Management fees and retained interest income. It has been included here in comparative periods to reflect the new definition.
(2)		This is a non-GAAP adjustment to reflect the return on capital of our equity method investments as described above.
(3)		GAAP net income includes an elimination of the intercompany portion of management fees received from co-investment structures in the Equity method income line item. Since GAAP Equity method income is not a component of this metric, we include the elimination of the management fee through this adjustment.

Managed Assets

We consolidate assets on our balance sheet, securitize assets off-balance sheet, and manage assets in which we coinvest with other parties via equity method investments. Therefore, certain of our receivables and other assets are not reflected on our balance sheet where we may have a residual interest in the performance of the investment, such as a retained interest in cash flows. Thus, we present our investments on a non-GAAP "Managed Assets" basis. We believe that our Managed Asset information is useful to investors because it portrays the amount of both on- and off-balance sheet assets that we manage, which enables investors to understand and evaluate the credit performance associated with our portfolio of receivables, equity investments and residual assets in off-balance sheet assets. Our management also uses Managed Assets in this way. Our non-GAAP Managed Assets measure may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies.

The following is a reconciliation of our GAAP-based Portfolio to our Managed Assets as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

	As of
	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
	(dollars in millions)
Equity method investments	$	4,135	$	3,612
Receivables, net of allowance		3,094		2,896
Receivables held-for-sale		235		76
Real estate and debt securities		78		10
GAAP-Based Portfolio		7,542		6,594
Assets held in securitization trusts		6,913		6,809
Assets held in co-investment structures ⁽¹⁾		592		300
Managed assets	$	15,047	$	13,703

(1)

Total assets in co-investment structures are $1.2 billion as of September 30, 2025. Not included in this amount is an additional $254 million related to closed transactions not yet funded as of September 30, 2025.

Adjusted Cash from Operations Plus Other Portfolio Collections

We operate our business in a manner that considers total cash collected from our Portfolio, reduced by necessary operating and debt service payments to assess the amount of cash we have available to fund dividends and investments. We believe that the aggregate of these items, which combine as a non-GAAP financial measure titled Adjusted Cash from Operations plus Other Portfolio Collections, is a useful measure of the liquidity we have available from our assets to fund both new investments and our regular quarterly dividends. This non-GAAP financial measure may not be comparable to similarly titled or other similar measures used by other companies. Although there is also not a directly comparable GAAP measure that demonstrates how we consider cash available for dividend payment, below is a reconciliation of this measure to Net cash provided by operating activities.

Adjusted Cash from Operations plus Other Portfolio Collections also differs from Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities in that it excludes many of the uses of cash used in our investing activities such as in Equity method investments, Purchases of and investments in receivables, Purchases of debt securities, and Collateral provided to and received from hedge counterparties. In addition, Adjusted Cash from Operations plus Other Portfolio Collections is not comparable to Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities in that it excludes many of our financing activities such as proceeds from common stock issuances and borrowings and repayments of unsecured debt. We evaluate Adjusted Cash from Operations plus Other Portfolio Collections on a trailing twelve month ("TTM") basis, as cash collections during any one quarter may not be comparable to other single quarters due to, among other reasons, the seasonality of projects operations and the timing of disbursement and payment dates.

Cash available for reinvestment is a non-GAAP measure which is calculated as Adjusted Cash from Operations plus Other Portfolio Collections less dividend and distribution payments made during the period. We believe Cash available for reinvestment is useful as a measure of our ability to make incremental investments from reinvested capital after factoring in all necessary cash outflows to operate the business. Management uses Cash available for reinvestment in this way, and we believe that our investors use it in a similar fashion.

	For the year ended,			Plus:			Less:			For the TTM ended,
	For the year ended,			For the nine months ended,						For the TTM ended,
	December 31, 2024			September 30, 2025			September 30, 2024			September 30, 2025
				(in thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	5,852		$	(79,356	)	$	18,055		$	(91,559	)
Changes in receivables held-for-sale		29,273			175,462			16,763			187,972
Equity method investment distributions received ⁽¹⁾		39,142			52,258			26,705			64,695
Proceeds from sales of equity method investments		9,472			—			2,107			7,365
Principal collections from receivables		600,652			460,830			508,704			552,778
Proceeds from sales of receivables		171,991			8,344			124,150			56,185
Proceeds from sales of land		115,767			—			115,767			—
Principal collections from debt securities ⁽²⁾		47			383			266			164
Proceeds from the sale of a previously consolidated VIE ⁽²⁾		5,478			—			—			5,478
Proceeds from sales of debt securities and retained interests in securitization trusts		5,390			—			—			5,390
Principal payments on non-recourse debt		(72,989	)		(6,484	)		(72,302	)		(7,171	)
Adjusted Cash from Operations plus Other Portfolio Collections		910,075			611,437			740,215			781,297
Less: Dividends		(192,269	)		(155,627	)		(142,178	)		(205,718	)
Cash Available for Reinvestment	$	717,806		$	455,810		$	598,037		$	575,579

(1)		Represents return of capital distributions from our equity method investments included in cash provided by (used in) investing activities section of our statement of cash flows which is incremental to any equity method investment distributions found in net cash provided by operating activities.
(2)		Included in Other in the cash provided (used in) investing activities section of our statement of cash flows.

	For the year ended,			Plus:			Less:			For the TTM ended,
	For the year ended,			For the nine months ended,						For the TTM ended,
	December 31, 2024			September 30, 2025			September 30, 2024			September 30, 2025
				(in thousands)
Components of Adjusted Cash from Operations plus Other Portfolio Collections:
Cash collected from our Portfolio		891,250			813,778			718,588			986,440
Cash collected from sale of assets ⁽¹⁾		325,051			25,363			252,847			97,567
Cash used for compensation and benefit expenses and general and administrative expenses		(85,519	)		(71,772	)		(62,516	)		(94,775	)
Interest paid⁽²⁾		(172,679	)		(193,389	)		(123,548	)		(242,520	)
Management fees and retained interest income and origination fees and other income		33,044			31,818			22,223			42,639
Principal payments on non-recourse debt		(72,989	)		(6,484	)		(72,302	)		(7,171	)
Other		(8,083	)		12,123			4,923			(883	)
Adjusted Cash from Operations plus Other Portfolio Collections	$	910,075		$	611,437		$	740,215		$	781,297

(1)		Includes cash from the sale of assets on our balance sheet as well as securitization transactions.
(2)		For the nine months and TTM ended September 30, 2025, interest paid includes a $18 million benefit from the settlement of derivatives which were designated as cash flow hedges. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, interest paid includes a $19 million benefit from the settlement of a derivative which was designated as a cash flow hedge.

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Investors:

Aaron Chew

investors@hasi.com

410-571-6189

Media:

Kenny Gayles

media@hasi.com

443-321-5756

HASI Announces Third Quarter 2025 Results with Record Adjusted EPS of $0.80 and a New $1.2b Investment