eqs_10qa.htm

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q/A

Amendment No. 1

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period to

Commission File Number 814-00098

EQUUS TOTAL RETURN, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware		76-0345915
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

700 Louisiana St., 48th Floor Houston, Texas		77002
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

_________________________________________________________________

(Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, if Changed Since Last Report)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (713) 529-0900

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Name of each exchange

on which registered

Common Stock

New York Stock Exchange

☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No

☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☐ No ☐

☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐

Accelerated filer ☐

Non-accelerated filer ☒

Smaller Reporting Company ☐

Emerging Growth Company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company. Yes ☐ No ☒

There were 13,518,146 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $.001 par value, outstanding, as of March 31, 2023.

EXPLANATORY NOTE

Equus Total Return, Inc. (“Equus” or the “Company”) is filing this Amendment No. 1 on Form 10-Q/A (“Amended 10-Q”) which supersedes and replaces in its entirety the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 10, 2023 (“Original Filing”).

The sole purpose of this Amended 10-Q is to provide the required Inline XBRL tagging, which was inadvertently omitted from the Original Filing. No other changes to the Original Filing have been made.

This Amended 10-Q does not reflect events occurring after the Original Filing except as noted above. This Amended 10-Q continues to speak as of the date of the Original Filing and the Company has not otherwise updated disclosures contained therein or herein to reflect events that occurred at a later date.

EQUUS TOTAL RETURN, INC.

(A Delaware Corporation)

INDEX

		Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements		4
Condensed Balance Sheets		4
Condensed Statements of Operations		5
Condensed Statements of Changes in Net Assets		6
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows		7
Supplemental Information—Selected Per Share Data and Ratios		8
Schedules of Investments		9
Notes to Condensed Financial Statements		13
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		31
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk		37
Item 4. Controls and Procedures		37
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings		38
Item 1A. Risk Factors		38
Item 6. Exhibits		39
SIGNATURE		40

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Part I. Financial Information

Item 1. Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements

EQUUS TOTAL RETURN, INC.

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

	March 31, 2023			December 31, 2022

(in thousands, except shares and per share amounts)
Assets
Investments in portfolio securities at fair value:
Control investments (cost at $8,111 and $8,111, respectively)	$	15,650		$	15,650
Total investments in portfolio securities at fair value		15,650			15,650
Temporary cash investments		9,992			5,998
Cash and cash equivalents		17,698			19,224
Restricted cash		100			60
Accounts receivable from affiliates		850			350
Other assets		199			382
Total assets		44,489			41,664
Liabilities and net assets
Accounts payable		358			107
Accrued compensation		3			321
Accounts payable to related parties		30			1
Borrowing under margin account		9,992			5,998
Total liabilities		10,383			6,427

Commitments and contingencies (See Note 2)

Net assets
Common stock, $0.001 par value per share; 100,000,000 and 50,000,000 shares authorized and 13,518,000 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively

Preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share; 10,000,000 and 5,000,000 shares authorized, respectively
Common stock, par value	$	13		$	13
Capital in excess of par value		74,685			74,685
Accumulated deficit		(40,592	)		(39,461	)
Total net assets	$	34,106		$	35,237
Net asset value per share	$	2.52		$	2.61

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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EQUUS TOTAL RETURN, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

	Three Months ended March 31,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2023			2022
Investment income:
Interest from temporary cash investments	$	6		$	—
Total investment income		6			—

Expenses:
Compensation expense		417			344
Professional fees		400			350
Professional liability expenses		184			121
Director fees and expenses		80			76
General and administrative expenses		35			30
Mailing, printing and other expenses		22			7
Interest expense		1			2
Total expenses		1,139			930

Net investment loss		(1,133	)		(930	)

Net realized gain:
Temporary cash investments		2			—
Net realized gain		2			—

Net unrealized appreciation of portfolio securities:
Control investments		—			2,000
Net change in net unrealized appreciation of portfolio securities		—			2,000

Net (decrease) increase in net assets resulting from operations	$	(1,131	)	$	1,070

Net (decrease) increase in net assets resulting from operations per share:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.08	)	$	0.08
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic and diluted		13,518			13,518

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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EQUUS TOTAL RETURN, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN NET ASSETS

(Unaudited)

	Common Stock
(in thousands)	Number of Shares		Par Value		Capital in Excess of Par Value		Accumulated Deficit			Total Net Assets

Balances as of January 1, 2022	$	13,518	$	13	$	74,685	$	(38,333	)	$	36,365

Net decrease in net assets resulting from operations		—		—		—		1,070			1,070

Balances as of March 31, 2022	$	13,518	$	13	$	74,685	$	(37,263	)	$	37,435

Balances as of January 1, 2023	$	13,518	$	13	$	74,685	$	(39,461	)	$	35,237

Net decrease in net assets resulting from operations		—		—		—		(1,131	)		(1,131	)

Balances as of March 31, 2023		13,518	$	13	$	74,685	$	(40,592	)	$	34,106

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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EQUUS TOTAL RETURN, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2023			2022
Reconciliation of (decrease) increase in net assets resulting from operations to net cash used in operating activities:
Net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations	$	(1,131	)	$	1,070
Adjustments to reconcile net (decrease) increase in net assets resulting from operations to net cash used in operating activities:
Net realized (gain) loss:
Temporary cash investments		(2	)		—
Net change in unrealized appreciation of portfolio securities:
Control investments		—			(2,000	)
Purchase of temporary cash investments, net		(3,992	)		(500	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable from affiliates		(500	)		—
Other assets		183			119
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		(67	)		(337	)
Accounts payable to related parties		29			(12	)
Net cash used in operating activities		(5,480	)		(1,660	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Borrowings under margin account		9,992			3,000
Repayments under margin account		(5,998	)		(2,500	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		3,994			500
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(1,486	)		(1,160	)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period		19,284			23,490

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	17,798		$	22,330
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Interest paid	$	1		$	1
Income taxes paid	$	—		$	38

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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EQUUS TOTAL RETURN, INC.

SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION—SELECTED PER SHARE DATA AND RATIOS

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023			2022

Expenses	$	(0.09	)	$	(0.07	)

Net investment loss		(0.09	)		(0.07	)

Net change in unrealized appreciation of portfolio securities		—			0.15
Net (decrease) increase in net assets		(0.09	)		0.08
Net assets at beginning of period		2.61			2.69
Net assets at end of period, basic and diluted	$	2.52		$	2.77
Weighted average number of shares outstanding during period, in thousands		13,518			13,518
Market price per share:
Beginning of period	$	1.43		$	2.38
End of period	$	1.56		$	2.57
Selected information and ratios:
Ratio of expenses to average net assets		(3.28	%)		(2.52	%)
Ratio of net investment loss to average net assets		(3.27	%)		(2.52	%)
Ratio of net increase in net assets resulting from operations to average net assets		(3.26	%)		2.90	%
Return on net asset value		(3.45	%)		2.97	%
Total return on market price ⁽¹⁾		9.09	%		7.98	%

⁽¹⁾

Total return = [(ending market price per share - beginning price per share) / beginning market price per share].

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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EQUUS TOTAL RETURN, INC.

SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS

MARCH 31, 2023

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share data)

Name and Location of

Date of Initial

Cost of

Fair

Portfolio Company

Industry

Investment

Principal

Investment

Value⁽¹⁾

Control Investments: Majority-owned ⁽²⁾:

Equus Energy, LLC ⁽³⁾

Houston, TX

Energy

December 2011

Member interest (100%)

8,111

15,650

Total Control Investments: Majority-owned (represents 61.0% of total investments at fair value)

8,111

15,650

Temporary Cash Investments

U.S. Treasury Bill

Government

March 2023

UST 0% 4/23

9,992

Total Temporary Cash Investments (represents 39.0% of total investments at fair value)

9,992

Total Investments

18,103

25,642

⁽¹⁾See Note 3 to the financial statements, Valuation of Investments.

⁽²⁾Majority owned investments are generally defined under the 1940 Act as companies in which we own more than 50% of the voting securities of the company.

⁽³⁾Level 3 Portfolio Investment.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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EQUUS TOTAL RETURN, INC.

SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS – (Continued)

MARCH 31, 2023

(Unaudited)

Our portfolio securities are restricted from public sale without prior registration under the Securities Act of 1933 (hereafter, the “Securities Act”). We typically negotiate certain aspects of the method and timing of the disposition of our investment in each portfolio company, including registration rights and related costs.

As a business development company (“BDC”), we may invest up to 30% of our assets in non-qualifying portfolio investments, as permitted by the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”). Specifically, we may invest up to 30% of our assets in entities that are not considered “eligible portfolio companies” (as defined in the 1940 Act), including companies located outside of the United States, entities that are operating pursuant to certain exceptions under the 1940 Act, and publicly-traded entities with a market capitalization exceeding $250 million. As of March 31, 2023, we had invested 35.2% of our assets in securities of portfolio companies that constituted qualifying investments under the 1940 Act. As of March 31, 2023, all of our investments are in enterprises that are considered eligible portfolio companies under the 1940 Act. We provide significant managerial assistance to our sole remaining portfolio company that comprises 100% of the total value of the investments in portfolio securities as of March 31, 2023.

We are classified as a “non-diversified” investment company under the 1940 Act, which means we are not limited in the proportion of our assets that may be invested in the securities of a single user. The value of one segment called “Energy” includes our sole remaining portfolio company and was 45.9% of our net asset value, 35.2% of our total assets and 100% of our investments in portfolio company securities (at fair value) as of March 31, 2023. Changes in business or industry trends or in the financial condition, results of operations, or the market’s assessment of any single portfolio company will affect the net asset value and the market price of our common stock to a greater extent than would be the case if we were a “diversified” company holding numerous investments.

Our investments in portfolio securities consist of the following types of securities as of March 31, 2023 (in thousands):

Type of Securities	Cost		Fair Value		Fair Value as Percentage of Net Assets

Limited liability company investments	$	8,111	$	15,650		45.9	%

Total	$	8,111	$	15,650		45.9	%

The following is a summary by industry of the Fund’s investments in portfolio securities as of March 31, 2023 (in thousands):

Industry	Fair Value		Fair Value as Percentage of Net Assets
Energy	$	15,650		45.9	%
Total	$	15,650		45.9	%

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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EQUUS TOTAL RETURN, INC.

SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2022

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share data)

Name and Location of

Date of Initial

Cost of

Fair

Portfolio Company

Industry

Investment

Principal

Investment

Value⁽¹⁾

Control Investments: Majority-owned ⁽²⁾:

Equus Energy, LLC ⁽³⁾

Houston, TX

Energy

December 2011

Member interest (100%)

8,111

15,650

Total Control Investments: Majority-owned (represents 72.3% of total investments at fair value)

8,111

15,650

Temporary Cash Investments

U.S. Treasury Bill

Government

December 2022

UST 0% 1/23

5,998

Total Temporary Cash Investments (represents 27.7% of total investments at fair value)

5,998

Total Investments

14,109

21,648

⁽¹⁾See Note 3 to the financial statements, Valuation of Investments.

⁽²⁾Majority owned investments are generally defined under the 1940 Act as companies in which we own more than 50% of the voting securities of the company.

⁽³⁾Level 3 Portfolio Investment.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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EQUUS TOTAL RETURN, INC.

SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS – (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2022

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share data)

As an investment company classified as a business development company (“BDC”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (hereafter, the “1940 Act”), we may invest up to 30% of our assets in non-qualifying portfolio investments, as permitted by the 1940 Act. Specifically, we may invest up to 30% of our assets in entities that are not considered “eligible portfolio companies” (as defined in the 1940 Act), including companies located outside of the United States, entities that are operating pursuant to certain exceptions under the 1940 Act, and publicly- traded entities with a market capitalization exceeding $250 million. As of December 31, 2022, we had invested 37.6% of our assets in securities of portfolio companies that constituted qualifying investments under the 1940 Act. As of December 31, 2022, our investments are in enterprises that are considered eligible portfolio companies under the 1940 Act. We provide significant managerial assistance to a portfolio company that comprises 100% of the total value of the investments in portfolio securities as of December 31, 2022.

We are classified as a “non-diversified” investment company under the 1940 Act, which means we are not limited in the proportion of our assets that may be invested in the securities of a single user. The value of one segment called ‘Energy’ includes one portfolio company and was 44.4% of our net asset value, 37.6% of our total assets and 100% of our investments in portfolio company securities (at fair value) as of December 31, 2022. Changes in business or industry trends or in the financial condition, results of operations, or the market’s assessment of any single portfolio company will affect the net asset value and the market price of our common stock to a greater extent than would be the case if we were a “diversified” company holding numerous investments.

Our investments in portfolio securities consist of the following types of securities as of December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

Type of Securities	Cost		Fair Value		Fair Value as Percentage of Net Assets

Limited liability company investments	$	8,111	$	15,650		44.4	%

Total	$	8,111	$	15,650		44.4	%

The following is a summary by industry of the Fund’s investments in portfolio securities as of December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

Industry	Fair Value		Fair Value as Percentage of Net Assets
Energy	$	15,650		44.4	%
Total	$	15,650		44.4	%

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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EQUUS TOTAL RETURN, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

MARCH 31, 2023

(Unaudited)

(1) Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

Description of Business—Equus Total Return, Inc. (“we,” “us,” “our,” “Equus” the “Company” and the “Fund”), a Delaware corporation, was formed by Equus Investments II, L.P. (the “Partnership”) on August 16, 1991. On July 1, 1992, the Partnership was reorganized and all of the assets and liabilities of the Partnership were transferred to the Fund in exchange for shares of common stock of the Fund. Our shares trade on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol ‘EQS’. On August 11, 2006, our shareholders approved the change of the Fund’s investment strategy to a total return investment objective. This strategy seeks to provide the highest total return, consisting of capital appreciation and current income. In connection with this strategic investment change, the shareholders also approved the change of name from Equus II Incorporated to Equus Total Return, Inc. On January 20, 2021, holders of a majority of the outstanding common stock of the Fund approved the restatement of our Certificate of Incorporation to increase the number of our authorized shares of common stock from 50,000,000 to 100,000,000, and the number of our authorized shares of preferred stock from 5,000,000 to 10,000,000. As of March 31, 2023, we had 13,518,146 shares of common stock outstanding and no shares of preferred stock outstanding.

We attempt to maximize the return to stockholders in the form of current investment income and long-term capital gains by investing in the debt and equity securities of companies with a total enterprise value between $5.0 million and $75.0 million, although we may engage in transactions with smaller or larger investee companies from time to time. We seek to invest primarily in companies pursuing growth either through acquisition or organically, leveraged buyouts, management buyouts and recapitalizations of existing businesses or special situations. Our income-producing investments consist principally of debt securities including subordinated debt, debt convertible into common or preferred stock, or debt combined with warrants and common and preferred stock. Debt and preferred equity financing may also be used to create long-term capital appreciation through the exercise and sale of warrants received in connection with the financing. We seek to achieve capital appreciation by making investments in equity and equity-oriented securities issued by privately-owned companies in transactions negotiated directly with such companies. Given market conditions over the past several years and the performance of our portfolio, our Management and Board of Directors believe it prudent to continue to review alternatives to refine and further clarify the current strategies.

We elected to be treated as a BDC under the Investment Company Act of 1940 Act (“1940 Act”), although our shareholders authorized us to withdraw this election in previous years (which authorization has since expired) and will likely do so again in the future. We currently qualify as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) for federal income tax purposes and, therefore, are not required to pay corporate income taxes on any income or gains that we distribute to our stockholders. We have certain wholly owned taxable subsidiaries (“Taxable Subsidiaries”) each of which holds one or more portfolio investments listed on our Schedules of Investments. The purpose of these Taxable Subsidiaries is to permit us to hold certain income- producing investments or portfolio companies organized as limited liability companies, or LLCs, (or other forms of pass-through entities) and still satisfy the RIC tax requirement that at least 90% of our gross revenue for income tax purposes must consist of investment income. Absent the Taxable Subsidiaries, a portion of the gross income of these income-producing investments or of any LLC (or other pass-through entity) portfolio investment, as the case may be, would flow through directly to us for the 90% test. To the extent that such income did not consist of investment income, it could jeopardize our ability to qualify as a RIC and, therefore, cause us to incur significant federal income taxes. The income of the LLCs (or other pass-through entities) owned by Taxable Subsidiaries is taxed to the Taxable Subsidiaries and does not flow through to us, thereby helping us preserve our RIC status and resultant tax advantages. We do not consolidate the Taxable Subsidiaries for income tax purposes, with the exception of Texas Margins Tax, which is an entity level tax. The Taxable Subsidiaries may generate income tax expense because of the Taxable Subsidiaries’ ownership of the portfolio companies. We reflect any such income tax expense on our Statements of Operations.

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Impact of Economic and Geopolitical Events on the Oil and Gas Sector— The substantial volatility in world markets has been prominent in the oil and gas sector, with WTI oil prices reaching a multi-year high of $130.00 per barrel in March 2022, and gas prices also reaching a multi-year high in mid-year, both due in part to increased demand, the reluctance of U.S. producers and OPEC nations to generate additional supply, and the conflict in Ukraine. Beginning in the second and third quarters of 2022 and largely due to recessionary headwinds and other macroeconomic factors, oil and natural gas prices have retreated substantially. In the case of natural gas, prices have continued to decline through the first quarter of 2023. However, recent oil price stability has been a significant factor in increased consolidation activity in the Permian Basin where Equus Energy holds most of its development rights.

Basis of Presentation—In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation S-X under the Securities Act and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), we do not consolidate portfolio company investments, including those in which we have a controlling interest. Our interim unaudited financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), for interim financial information and in accordance with the requirements of reporting on Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X, under the Exchange Act. Accordingly, they are unaudited and exclude some disclosures required for annual financial statements. We believe that we have made all adjustments, consisting solely of normal recurring accruals, necessary for the fair presentation of these interim financial statements.

The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of results that ultimately may be achieved for the remainder of the year. The interim unaudited financial statements and notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Fund’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC.

(2) Liquidity and Financing Arrangements

Liquidity—There are several factors that may materially affect our liquidity during the reasonably foreseeable future. We are evaluating the impact of current market conditions on our portfolio company valuations and their ability to provide current income. We have followed valuation techniques in a consistent manner; however, we are cognizant of current market conditions that might affect future valuations of portfolio securities.

Cash and Cash Equivalents—As of March 31, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of $17.8 million. We had $15.7 million of our net assets of $34.1 million invested in portfolio securities.

As of December 31, 2022, we had cash and cash equivalents of $19.3 million. We had $15.7 million of our net assets of $35.2 million invested in portfolio securities.

We exclude “Restricted Cash and Temporary Cash Investments” used for purposes of complying with RIC requirements from cash equivalents.

Restricted Cash and Temporary Cash Investments—As of March 31, 2023, we had $10.1 million of restricted cash and temporary cash investments, including primarily the proceeds of a quarter-end margin loan that we incurred to maintain the diversification requirements applicable to a RIC. Of this amount, $10.0 million was invested in U.S. Treasury bills and $0.1 million represented a required 1% brokerage margin deposit. These securities were held by a securities brokerage firm and pledged along with other assets to secure repayment of the margin loan. The U.S. Treasury bills matured on April 6, 2023 and we subsequently repaid this margin loan, plus interest.

As of December 31, 2022, we had $6.0 million of restricted cash and of temporary cash investments, including primarily the proceeds of a quarter-end margin loan that we incurred to maintain the diversification requirements applicable to a RIC. Of this amount, $6.0 million was invested in U.S. Treasury bills and $0.06 million represented a required 1% brokerage margin deposit. These securities were held by a securities brokerage firm and pledged along with other assets to secure repayment of the margin loan. The U.S. Treasury bills matured on January 4, 2023 and we subsequently repaid this margin loan, plus interest.

Dividends—So long as we remain a BDC, we will pay out net investment income and/or realized net capital gains, if any, on an annual basis as required under the 1940 Act.

Investment Commitments—Under certain circumstances, we may be called on to make follow-on investments in certain portfolio companies. If we do not have sufficient funds to make follow-on investments, the portfolio company in need of the investment may be negatively impacted. Also, our equity interest in the estimated fair value of the portfolio company could be reduced.

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We had no follow-on commitments as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively

RIC Borrowings, Restricted Cash and Temporary Cash Investments—We may periodically borrow sufficient funds to maintain the Fund’s RIC status by utilizing a margin account with a securities brokerage firm. We cannot assure you that any such arrangement will be available in the future. If we are unable to borrow funds to make qualifying investments, we may no longer qualify as a RIC. We would then be subject to corporate income tax on the Fund’s net investment income and realized capital gains, and distributions to stockholders would be subject to income tax as ordinary dividends. If we remain a BDC and do not become an operating company as described in Note 6 – Conversion to an Operating Company below, our failure to continue to qualify as a RIC could be materially adverse to us and our stockholders.

As of March 31, 2023, we borrowed $10.0 million to maintain our RIC status by utilizing a margin account with a securities brokerage firm. We collateralized such borrowings with restricted cash and temporary cash investments in U.S. Treasury bills of $10.1 million.

As of December 31, 2022, we borrowed $6.0 million to maintain our RIC status by utilizing a margin account with a securities brokerage firm. We collateralized such borrowings with restricted cash and temporary cash investments in U.S. Treasury bills of $6.06 million.

Asset Coverage Ratio—Under the 1940 Act, BDCs are required to have an asset coverage ratio of 200%, meaning that the maximum debt that may be incurred by a BDC is the BDC’s net asset value. Pursuant to amendments made to the 1940 Act in March 2018, BDCs may now, with stockholder or board of directors approval, reduce this ratio to 150%, meaning that the maximum debt that may be incurred by a BDC is two times the BDC’s net asset value. In November 2019, we obtained approval of our shareholders to reduce our asset coverage ratio to 150%. This authorization permits Equus to borrow up to twice the value of the Fund’s net assets. Other than the margin loan obtained by the Fund from time to time to acquire U.S. Treasury bills to maintain our RIC status as described above, we have not yet undertaken any other additional borrowings.

Certain Risks and Uncertainties—Market and economic volatility which has become endemic in the past few years, together with the economic dislocation caused by the onset of the coronavirus, has constrained the availability of debt financing for small and medium-sized companies such as Equus and its portfolio companies. Such debt financing generally has shorter maturities, higher interest rates and fees, and more restrictive terms than debt facilities available in the past. In addition, during these years and continuing into the first quarter of 2023, the price of our common stock remained well below our net asset value, thereby making it undesirable to issue additional shares of our common stock below net asset value.

Because of these challenges, our near-term strategies shifted from originating debt and equity investments to preserving liquidity necessary to meet our operational needs. Key initiatives that we have previously undertaken to provide necessary liquidity include monetizations, the suspension of dividends and the internalization of management. We are also evaluating potential opportunities that could enable us to effect a change to our business and become an operating company as described in Note 6 – Conversion to an Operating Company. We believe we have sufficient liquidity to meet our operating requirements for 12 months from the date of this filing.

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(3) Significant Accounting Policies

The following is a summary of significant accounting policies followed by the Fund in the preparation of our financial statements:

Use of Estimates—The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Although we believe the estimates and assumptions used in preparing these financial statements and related notes are reasonable in light of known facts and circumstances, actual results could differ from those estimates.

Valuation of Investments—For most of our investments, market quotations are not available. With respect to investments for which market quotations are not readily available or when such market quotations are deemed not to represent fair value, our Board has approved a multi-step valuation process each quarter, as described below:

Each portfolio company or investment is reviewed by our investment professionals;

With respect to investments with a fair value exceeding $2.5 million that have been held for more than one year, we engage independent valuation firms to assist our investment professionals. These independent valuation firms conduct independent valuations and make their own independent assessments;

Our Management produces a report that summarizes each of our portfolio investments and recommends a fair value of each such investment as of the date of the report;

The Audit Committee of our Board reviews and discusses the preliminary valuation of our portfolio investments as recommended by Management in their report and any reports or recommendations of the independent valuation firms, and then approves and recommends the fair values of our investments so determined to our Board for final approval; and

The Board discusses valuations and determines the fair value of each portfolio investment in good faith based on the input of our Management, the respective independent valuation firm, as applicable, and the Audit Committee.

During the first twelve months after an investment is made, we rely on the original investment amount to determine the fair value unless significant developments have occurred during this twelve-month period which would indicate a material effect on the portfolio company (such as results of operations or changes in general market conditions).

Investments are valued utilizing various methodologies and approaches, including a yield analysis, enterprise value (“EV”) analysis, net asset value analysis, liquidation analysis, discounted cash flow analysis, or a combination of methods, as appropriate. The yield analysis uses loan spreads and other relevant information implied by market data involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. Under the EV analysis, the EV of a portfolio company is first determined and allocated over the portfolio company’s securities in order of their preference relative to one another (i.e., “waterfall” allocation). To determine the EV, we typically use a market multiples approach that considers relevant and applicable market trading data of guideline public companies, transaction metrics from precedent M&A transactions and/or a discounted cash flow analysis. The net asset value analysis is used to derive a value of an underlying investment (such as real estate property) by dividing a relevant earnings stream by an appropriate capitalization rate. For this purpose, we consider capitalization rates for similar properties as may be obtained from guideline public companies and/or relevant transactions. The liquidation analysis is intended to approximate the net recovery value of an investment based on, among other things, assumptions regarding liquidation proceeds based on a hypothetical liquidation of a portfolio company’s assets. The discounted cash flow analysis uses valuation techniques to convert future cash flows or earnings to a range of fair values from which a single estimate may be derived utilizing an appropriate discount rate. The measurement is based on the net present value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts.

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In estimating the fair value of our interest in Equus Energy, we have given more emphasis to a market approach that examines developed and undeveloped reserves and mineral acreage values, as well as a market approach that examines comparable industry transactions involving oil and gas assets in proximity to the leasehold interests held by Equus Energy. Our management received advice and assistance from a third-party valuation firm to support our determination of the fair value of this investment.

In applying these methodologies, additional factors that we consider in fair value pricing our investments may include, as we deem relevant: security covenants, call protection provisions, and information rights; the nature and realizable value of any collateral; the portfolio company’s ability to make payments; the principal markets in which the portfolio company does business; publicly available financial ratios of peer companies; the principal market; and enterprise values, among other factors. Also, any failure by a portfolio company to achieve its business plan or obtain and maintain its financing arrangements could result in increased volatility and result in a significant and rapid change in its value.

Our general intent is to hold our loans to maturity when appraising our privately held debt investments. As such, we believe that the fair value will not exceed the cost of the investment. However, in addition to the previously described analysis involving allocation of value to the debt instrument, we perform a yield analysis assuming a hypothetical current sale of the security to determine if a debt security has been impaired. The yield analysis considers changes in interest rates and changes in leverage levels of the portfolio company as compared to the market interest rates and leverage levels. Assuming the credit quality of the portfolio company remains stable, the Fund will use the value determined by the yield analysis as the fair value for that security if less than the cost of the investment.

We record unrealized depreciation on investments when we determine that the fair value of a security is less than its cost basis, and will record unrealized appreciation when we determine that the fair value is greater than its cost basis.

Fair Value Measurement—Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date and sets out a fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). Inputs are broadly defined as assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:

Level 1—Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2—Inputs other than quoted prices within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and fair value is determined through the use of models or other valuation methodologies.

Level 3—Inputs are unobservable for the asset or liability and include situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability. The inputs into the determination of fair value are based upon the best information under the circumstances and may require significant management judgment or estimation.

In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, an investment’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the investment.

Investments for which prices are not observable are generally private investments in the debt and equity securities of operating companies. A primary valuation method used to estimate the fair value of these Level 3 investments is the discounted cash flow method (although a liquidation analysis, option theoretical, or other methodology may be used when more appropriate). The discounted cash flow approach to determine fair value (or a range of fair values) involves applying an appropriate discount rate(s) to the estimated future cash flows using various relevant factors depending on investment type, including comparing the latest arm’s length or market transactions involving the subject security to the selected benchmark credit spread, assumed growth rate (in cash flows), and capitalization rates/multiples (for determining terminal values of underlying portfolio companies). The valuation based on the inputs determined to be the most reasonable and probable is used as the fair value of the investment. In the case of our investment in Equus Energy, we also examine acreage values in comparable transactions and assess the impact upon the working interests held by Equus Energy. The determination of fair value using these methodologies may take into consideration a range of factors including, but not limited to, the price at which the investment was acquired, the nature of the investment, local market conditions, trading values on public exchanges for comparable securities, current and projected operating performance, financing transactions subsequent to the acquisition of the investment and anticipated financing transactions after the valuation date.

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To assess the reasonableness of the discounted cash flow approach, the fair value of equity securities, including warrants, in portfolio companies may also consider the market approach—that is, through analyzing and applying to the underlying portfolio companies, market valuation multiples of publicly-traded firms engaged in businesses similar to those of the portfolio companies. The market approach to determining the fair value of a portfolio company’s equity security (or securities) will typically involve: (1) applying to the portfolio company’s trailing twelve months (or current year projected) earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (“EBITDA”) a low to high range of enterprise value to EBITDA multiples that are derived from an analysis of publicly-traded comparable companies, in order to arrive at a range of enterprise values for the portfolio company; (2) subtracting from the range of calculated enterprise values the outstanding balances of any debt or equity securities that would be senior in right of payment to the equity securities we hold; and (3) multiplying the range of equity values derived therefrom by our ownership share of such equity tranche in order to arrive at a range of fair values for our equity security (or securities). Application of these valuation methodologies involves a significant degree of judgment by Management.

Due to the inherent uncertainty of determining the fair value of Level 3 investments that do not have a readily available market value, the fair value of the investments may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a ready market existed for such investments and may differ materially from the values that may ultimately be received or settled. Further, such investments are generally subject to legal and other restrictions or otherwise are less liquid than publicly traded instruments. If we were required to liquidate a portfolio investment in a forced or liquidation sale, we might realize significantly less than the value at which such investment had previously been recorded. With respect to Level 3 investments, where sufficient market quotations are not readily available or for which no or an insufficient number of indicative prices from pricing services or brokers or dealers have been received, we undertake, on a quarterly basis, our valuation process as described above.

We assess the levels of the investments at each measurement date, and transfers between levels are recognized on the subsequent measurement date closest in time to the actual date of the event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer. There were no transfers to or from Level 3 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and the year ended December 31, 2022.

As of March 31, 2023, investments measured at fair value on a recurring basis are categorized in the tables below based on the lowest level of significant input to the valuations:

			Fair Value Measurements as of March 31, 2021
*(in thousands)*	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets
Investments:
Control investments	$	15,650	$	—	$	—	$	15,650
Total investments		15,650		—		—		15,650
Temporary cash investments		9,992		9,992		—		—
Total investments and temporary cash investments	$	25,642	$	9,992	$	—	$	15,650

As of December 31, 2022, investments measured at fair value on a recurring basis are categorized in the tables below based on the lowest level of significant input to the valuations:

			Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2022
*(in thousands)*	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets
Investments:
Control investments	$	15,650	$	—	$	—	$	15,650
Total investments		15,650		—		—		15,650
Temporary cash investments		5,998		5,998		—		—
Total investments and temporary cash investments	$	21,648	$	5,998	$	—	$	15,650

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The following table provides a reconciliation of fair value changes during the three months ended March 31, 2023 for all investments for which we determine fair value using unobservable (Level 3) factors:

	Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
*(in thousands)*	Control Investments		Affiliate Investments		Non-affiliate Investments		Total
Fair value as of January 1, 2023	$	15,650	$	—	$	—	$	15,650
Change in unrealized appreciation		—		—		—		—
Purchases of portfolio securities		—		—		—		—
Fair value as of March 31, 2023	$	15,650	$	—	$	—	$	15,650

The following table provides a reconciliation of fair value changes during the three months ended March 31, 2022 for all investments for which we determine fair value using unobservable (Level 3) factors:

	Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
*(in thousands)*	Control Investments		Affiliate Investments		Non-affiliate Investments		Total
Fair value as of January 1, 2022	$	13,000	$	—	$	—	$	13,000
Change in unrealized appreciation		2,000		—		—		2,000
Fair value as of March 31, 2022	$	15,000	$	—	$	—	$	15,000

Fair value measurements can be sensitive to changes in one or more of the valuation inputs. Changes in discount rates, EBITDA or EBITDA multiples (or revenue or revenue multiples), each in isolation, may change the fair value of certain of our investments. Generally, an increase/(decrease) in market yields, discount rates, or an increase/(decrease) in EBITDA or EBITDA multiples (or revenue or revenue multiples) may result in a corresponding increase/(decrease), respectively, in the fair value of certain of our investments. In the case of our holding in Equus Energy, we also consider acreage value, proved reserve multiples, daily production multiples, and discount rates.

Finally, industry trends, market forecasts, and comparable transactions in sectors in which we hold a Level 3 investment are also taken into account when assessing the value of these investments.

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The following table summarizes the significant non-observable inputs in the fair value measurements of our Level 3 investments by category of investment and valuation technique as of March 31, 2023 (fair value expressed in thousands; acreage range expressed in dollars and not rounded):

					Range
*(in thousands)*	Fair Value		Valuation Techniques	Unobservable Inputs	Minimum			Maximum			Weighted Average
				Acreage Value (per acre)	$	1,500		$	11,000		$	4,062
Limited liability company investments	$	15,650	Guideline Transaction Method	Proved Reserve Multiple		4.5	x		10.1	x		8.5	x
				Daily Production Multiple		18,578.7	x		46,565.9	x		40,254.6	x
			Discounted Cash Flow	Discount Rate		11.0	%		11.0	%		11.0	%

The following table summarizes the significant non-observable inputs in the fair value measurements of our Level 3 investments by category of investment and valuation technique as of December 31, 2022 (fair value expressed in thousands; acreage range expressed in dollars and not rounded):

					Range
*(in thousands)*	Fair Value		Valuation Techniques	Unobservable Inputs	Minimum			Maximum			Weighted Average
				Acreage Value (per acre)	$	1,500		$	11,000		$	4,062
Limited liability company investments	$	15,650	Guideline Transaction Method	Proved Reserve Multiple		4.0	x		9.5	x		8.2	x
				Daily Production Multiple		18,578.7	x		47,513.7	x		40,284.4	x
			Discounted Cash Flow	Discount Rate		11.0	%		11.0	%		11.0	%

Because of the inherent uncertainty of the valuation of portfolio securities which do not have readily ascertainable market values, amounting to $15.7 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, our fair value determinations may materially differ from the values that would have been used had a ready market existed for these securities.

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We adjust our net asset value for the changes in the value of our publicly held securities, if applicable, and material changes in the value of private securities, generally determined on a quarterly basis or as announced in a press release, and report those amounts to Lipper Analytical Services, Inc. Our net asset value appears in various publications, including Barron’s and The Wall Street Journal.

Investment Transactions—Investment transactions are recorded on the accrual method. Realized gains and losses on investments sold are computed on a specific identification basis.

We classify our investments in accordance with the requirements of the 1940 Act. Under the 1940 Act, “Control Investments” are defined as investments in companies in which the Fund owns more than 25% of the voting securities or maintains greater than 50% of the board representation. Under the 1940 Act, “Affiliate Investments” are defined as those non-control investments in companies in which we own between 5% and 25% of the voting securities. Under the 1940 Act, “Non-affiliate Investments” are defined as investments that are neither Control Investments nor Affiliate Investments. See also Note 4 for discussion of related party investment transactions.

Interest and Dividend Income Recognition—We record interest income, adjusted for amortization of premium and accretion of discount, on an accrual basis to the extent that we expect to collect such amounts. We accrete or amortize discounts and premiums on securities purchased over the life of the respective security using the effective yield method. The amortized cost of investments represents the original cost adjusted for the accretion of discount and/or amortization of premium on debt securities. We stop accruing interest on investments when we determine that interest is no longer collectible. We may also impair the accrued interest when we determine that all or a portion of the current accrual is uncollectible. If we receive any cash after determining that interest is no longer collectible, we treat such cash as payment on the principal balance until the entire principal balance has been repaid, before we recognize any additional interest income. We will write off uncollectible interest upon the occurrence of a definitive event such as a sale, bankruptcy, or reorganization of the relevant portfolio interest. Dividend income is recorded as dividends are declared by the portfolio company or at the point an obligation exists for the portfolio company to make a distribution.

Net Realized Gains or Losses and Net Change in Unrealized Appreciation or Depreciation—Realized gains or losses are measured by the difference between the net proceeds from the sale or redemption of an investment or a financial instrument and the cost basis of the investment or financial instrument, without regard to unrealized appreciation or depreciation previously recognized, and includes investments written-off during the period net of recoveries and realized gains or losses from in-kind redemptions. Net change in unrealized appreciation or depreciation reflects the net change in the fair value of the portfolio company investments and financial instruments and the reclassification of any prior period unrealized appreciation or depreciation on exited investments and financial instruments to realized gains or losses.

Payment in Kind Interest (PIK)—From time to time, we have loans in our portfolio that may pay PIK interest. We add PIK interest, if any, computed at the contractual rate specified in each loan agreement, to the principal balance of the loan and recorded as interest income. To maintain our status as a RIC, we must pay out to stockholders this non-cash source of income in the form of dividends even if we have not yet collected any cash in respect of such investments. To the extent we remain BDC and a RIC, we will continue to pay out net investment income and/or realized capital gains, if any, on an annual basis as required under the 1940 Act.

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Earnings Per Share—Basic and diluted per share calculations are computed utilizing the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. In accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, the unvested shares of restricted stock awarded pursuant to our equity compensation plans are participating securities and, therefore, are included in the basic earnings per share calculation. As a result, for all periods presented, there is no difference between diluted earnings per share and basic earnings per share amounts.

Distributable Earnings—The components that make up distributable earnings (accumulated undistributed deficit) on the Condensed Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are as follows:

& Negative Thick Space;	March 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
Accumulated undistributed net investment losses	$	(48,563	)	$	(47,430	)
Unrealized appreciation of portfolio securities, net		7,539			7,539
Accumulated undistributed net capital gains		432			430
Accumulated deficit	$	(40,592	)	$	(39,461	)

Taxes—So long as we remain a BDC, we intend to comply with the requirements of the Internal Revenue Code necessary to qualify as a RIC and, as such, will not be subject to federal income taxes on otherwise taxable income (including net realized capital gains) which is distributed to stockholders. We borrow money from time to time to maintain our tax status under the Internal Revenue Code as a RIC. See Note 1 for discussion of Taxable Subsidiaries and see Note 2 for further discussion of the Fund’s RIC borrowings.

Texas margin tax applies to legal entities conducting business in Texas. The margin tax is based on our Texas sourced taxable margin. The tax is calculated by applying a tax rate to a base that considers both revenue and expenses and therefore has the characteristics of an income tax. As a result, we have no provision for margin tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and we expect no in state income tax for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Cash Flows—For purposes of the Statements of Cash Flows, we consider all highly liquid temporary cash investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. We exclude “Restricted Cash and Temporary Cash Investments” used for purposes of complying with RIC requirements from cash equivalents.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as reported within the consolidated balance sheet that sums to the total of the same amounts shown in the consolidated statement of cash flows as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	17,698	$	19,224
Restricted cash at end of period		100		60
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	17,798	$	19,284

Recent Accounting Standards—We consider the applicability and impact of all accounting standard updates (“ASU”) issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). ASUs not listed below were assessed and either determined to be not applicable or expected to have minimal impact on our financial statements.

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Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted— In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) - Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions”, which was issued to (1) clarify the guidance in Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, when measuring the fair value of an equity security subject to contractual restrictions that prohibit the sale of an equity security, (2) to amend a related illustrative example, and (3) to introduce new disclosure requirements for equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions that are measured at fair value in accordance with Topic 820. The new guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023. The Fund is currently evaluating the impact of the new standard on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

(4) Related Party Transactions and Agreements

Except as noted below, as compensation for services to the Fund, each Independent Director receives an annual fee of $40,000 paid quarterly in arrears, a fee of $2,000 for each meeting of the Board of Directors or committee thereof attended in person, a fee of $1,000 for participation in each telephonic meeting of the Board or committee thereof, and reimbursement of all out-of-pocket expenses relating to attendance at such meetings. The chair of each of our standing committees (audit, compensation, and nominating and governance) also receives an annual fee of $50,000, payable quarterly in arrears. We may also pay other one-time or recurring fees to members of our Board of Directors in special circumstances. None of our interested directors receive annual fees for their service on the Board of Directors.

In respect of services provided to the Fund by members of the Board not in connection with their roles and duties as directors, the Fund pays a rate of $300 per hour for such services.

(5) Portfolio Securities

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, notwithstanding price decreases for oil and natural gas in the period, primarily due to stable prices for mineral acreage transactions in the principal region where Equus Energy, LLC, holds its leasehold interests, we recorded no change in the fair value of this investment. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, we recorded an increase in the fair value of this investment by $2.0 million, resulting in a net change in unrealized appreciation of $7.0 million. Such change in fair value was principally due to increases in mineral acreage prices and a substantial increase in short-and long-term prices for crude oil and natural gas.

(6) Conversion to an Operating Company

Authorization to Withdraw BDC Election—In 2022, holders of a majority of the outstanding common stock of the Fund approved our cessation as a BDC under the 1940 Act and authorized our Board to cause the Fund’s withdrawal of its election to be classified as a BDC, effective as of a date designated by the Board and our Chief Executive Officer. Although this authorization has since expired, we expect to receive a further authorization from our shareholders later in 2023 as a consequence of our expressed intent to transform Equus into an operating company. Notwithstanding any such authorization to withdraw our BDC election, we will not submit any such withdrawal unless and until Equus has entered into a definitive agreement to effect a transformative transaction. Further, even if we are again authorized to withdraw our election as a BDC, we will require a subsequent affirmative vote from holders of a majority of our outstanding voting shares to enter into any such definitive agreement or change the nature of our business. While we are presently evaluating various opportunities that could enable us to accomplish this transformation, we cannot assure you that we will be able to do so within any particular time period or at all, and, although we expect that our shareholders will grant a further authorization, we do not expect to cause the Fund to withdraw its election to be classified as BDC prior to June 30, 2023. Moreover, we cannot assure you that the terms of any such transformative transaction would be acceptable to us.

Increase in Authorized Shares—On January 20, 2021, holders of a majority of the outstanding common stock of the Fund approved the restatement of our Certificate of Incorporation to increase the number of our authorized shares of common stock from 50,000,000 to 100,000,000, and the number of our authorized shares of preferred stock from 5,000,000 to 10,000,000. The increase is intended to help facilitate the transformation of Equus into an operating company and provide sufficient authorized shares to evaluate larger business concerns as possible acquisition or merger candidates.

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(7) 2016 Equity Incentive Plan

Share-Based Incentive Compensation—On June 13, 2016, our shareholders approved the adoption of our 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (“Incentive Plan”). On January 10, 2017, the SEC issued an order approving the Incentive Plan and certain awards intended to be made thereunder. The Incentive Plan is intended to promote the interests of the Fund by encouraging officers, employees, and directors of the Fund and its affiliates to acquire or increase their equity interest in the Fund and to provide a means whereby they may develop a proprietary interest in the development and financial success of the Fund, to encourage them to remain with and devote their best efforts to the business of the Fund, thereby advancing the interests of the Fund and its stockholders. The Incentive Plan is also intended to enhance the ability of the Fund and its affiliates to attract and retain the services of individuals who are essential for the growth and profitability of the Fund. The Incentive Plan permits the award of restricted stock as well as common stock purchase options. The maximum number of shares of common stock that are subject to awards granted under the Incentive Plan is 2,434,728 shares. The term of the Incentive Plan will expire on June 13, 2026. On March 17, 2017, we granted awards of restricted stock under the Incentive Plan to certain of our directors and executive officers in the aggregate amount of 844,500 shares. The awards are each subject to a vesting requirement over a 3-year period unless the recipient thereof is terminated or removed from their position as a director or executive officer without “cause”, or as a result of constructive termination, as such terms are defined in the respective award agreements entered into by each of the recipients and the Fund. As of March 31, 2020, all awards granted under the Incentive Plan were fully vested. We account for share-based compensation using the fair value method, as prescribed by ASC 718. Accordingly, for restricted stock awards, we measure the grant date fair value based upon the market price of our common stock on the date of the grant and amortize the fair value of the awards as share-based compensation expense over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting term.

(8) Equus Energy, LLC

Equus Energy, LLC (“Equus Energy”) was formed in November 2011 as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Fund to make investments in companies in the energy sector, with particular emphasis on income-producing oil & gas properties. In December 2011, we contributed $250,000 to the capital of Equus Energy. On December 27, 2012, we invested an additional $6.8 million in Equus Energy for the purpose of additional working capital and to fund the purchase of $6.6 million in working interests presently consisting of 136 producing and non- producing oil and gas wells. On September 30, 2020, the Fund provided an additional $0.6 million in capital to Equus Energy for the purpose of additional working capital. On June 30, 2021, the Fund provided an additional $0.35 million in capital to Equus Energy for the purpose of additional working capital. On December 31, 2022, the Fund provided an additional $0.15 million in capital to Equus Energy for the purpose of additional working capital. The working interests include associated development rights of approximately 21,320 acres situated on 9 separate properties in Texas and Oklahoma. The working interests range from a de minimus amount to 50% of the leasehold that includes these wells.

The wells are operated by a number of operators, including Burk Royalty, which has operating responsibility for all of Equus Energy’s 22 producing well interests located in the Conger Field, a productive oil and gas field on the edge of the Permian Basin that has experienced successful gas and hydrocarbon extraction in multiple formations. Equus Energy, which holds a 50% working interest in each of these Conger Field wells, is seeking to effect a recompletion program of existing Conger Field wells to the Wolfcamp formation, a zone containing oil as well as gas and natural gas liquids. Part of Equus Energy’s acreage rights described above also includes a 50% working interest in possible new drilling to the base of the Canyon formation (appx. 8,500 feet) on 2,400 acres in the Conger Field. Also included in the interests acquired by Equus Energy are working interests of 7.5% and 2.5% in the Burnell and North Pettus Units, respectively, which collectively comprise approximately 13,000 acres located in the area known as the “Eagle Ford Shale” play.

The substantial volatility in world markets has been prominent in the oil and gas sector, with WTI oil prices reaching a multi-year high of $130.00 per barrel in March 2022, and gas prices also reaching a multi-year high in mid-year, both due in part to increased demand, the reluctance of U.S. producers and OPEC nations to generate additional supply, and the conflict in Ukraine. Beginning in the second and third quarters of 2022 and largely due to recessionary headwinds and other macroeconomic factors, oil and natural gas prices have retreated substantially. In the case of natural gas, prices have continued to decline through the first quarter of 2023. However, recent oil price stability has been a significant factor in increased consolidation activity in the Permian Basin where Equus Energy holds most of its development rights. Given such price volatility, the U.S. Energy Information Administration has modified its 2023 oil and gas price forecasts accordingly, with an April 2023 estimate of $85.01 per barrel for Brent crude for all of 2023, and $2.94 per MMBTU for gas prices for the year.

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Notwithstanding present pricing conditions and forecasts for the remainder of 2023, operators of the leasehold interests held by Equus Energy have not yet undertaken significant capital expenditures, which could have a material adverse effect upon the operations and long-term financial condition of Equus Energy. To conserve existing cash resources or create additional cash resources during the next year, Equus Energy intends to either: (i) attempt to secure equity or debt financing from one or more institutional sources, which sources may include the Fund, a commercial lender, or other investors, (ii) request that its operators shut-in additional wells, (iii) sell certain of its oil and gas holdings, or (iv) undertake a combination of the foregoing. However, we cannot assure you that Equus Energy will be able to implement these plans successfully, or that such plans will generate sufficient liquidity to continue as a going concern. The factors discussed above, therefore, raise substantial doubt about Equus Energy’s ability to continue as a going concern.

Going-Concern—The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Equus Energy have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities and other commitments in the normal course of business. As such, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of assets and their carrying amount, or the amount and classification of liabilities that may result should Equus Energy be unable to continue as a going concern. However, Equus Total Return, Inc. has agreed to and will continue to provide financial support to Equus Energy for at least one year and one day past the date of this report and Equus Total Return has the ability and intent to provide the financial support. As such, in connection with continued support from Equus Total Return, management concluded this plan alleviate the substantial doubt that was raised about the ability of Equus Energy to continue as a going concern for at least twelve months from the date the financial statements were issued.

Revenue and Income—During the three months ended March 31, 2023, Equus Energy’s revenue, operating revenue less direct operating expenses, and net loss were $0.1 million, ($0.03) million, and ($0.5) million, respectively, as compared revenue, operating revenue less direct operating expenses, and net loss were $0.3 million, $0.2 million, and ($5) thousand, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Capital Expenditures—During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, Equus Energy’s investment, respectively, in capital expenditures for small repairs and improvements was not significant.

We do not consolidate Equus Energy or its wholly-owned subsidiaries and accordingly only the value of our investment in Equus Energy is included on our balance sheets. Our investment in Equus Energy is valued in accordance with our normal valuation procedures and is based in part on a reserve report prepared for Equus Energy by Lee Keeling & Associates, Inc., an independent petroleum engineering firm, the transactions and values of comparable companies in this sector, and the estimated value of leasehold mineral interests associated with the acreage held by Equus Energy. A valuation of Equus Energy was performed by a third-party valuation firm, who recommended a value range of Equus Energy consistent with the fair value determined by our Management (See Schedule of Investments).

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Below is summarized unaudited condensed consolidated financial information for Equus Energy as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively (in thousands):

EQUUS ENERGY, LLC

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

	March 31,			December 31,
	2023			2022

Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	359		$	205
Accounts receivable		145			208
Other current assets		12			12
Total current assets		516			425
Oil and gas properties		8,155			8,155
Less: accumulated depletion, depreciation and amortization		(8,095	)		(8,095	)
Net oil and gas properties		60			60
Total assets	$	576		$	485

Liabilities and member’s deficit
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and other	$	249		$	110
Due to affiliate		850			350
Total current liabilities		1,099			460
Asset retirement obligations		217			216
Total liabilities		1,316			676

Total member’s deficit		(740	)		(191	)

Total liabilities and member’s deficit	$	576		$	485

Revenue and direct operating expenses for the various oil and gas assets included in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations below represent the net collective working and revenue interests acquired by Equus Energy.

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EQUUS ENERGY, LLC

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023			2022

Operating revenue	$	138		$	327
Operating expenses
Direct operating expenses		166			117
General and administrative		520			214
Depletion, depreciation, amortization and accretion		1			1
Total operating expenses		687			332
Net loss		(549	)		(5	)

EQUUS ENERGY, LLC

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023			2022

Cash flows from operating activities:

Net loss	$	(549	)	$	(5	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depletion, depreciation and amortization		1			1
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		63			(173	)
Accounts payable and other		139			47
Due to Parent		500			—
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		154			(130	)
Net increase (decrease) in cash		154			(130	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		205			640
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	359		$	510

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Critical Accounting Policies for Equus Energy

Oil & Gas Properties—Equus Energy and its wholly-owned subsidiary EQS Energy Holdings, Inc. (collectively, “the Company”) follow the Full Cost Method of Accounting for oil and gas properties. Under the full cost method, all costs associated with property acquisition, exploration, and development activities are capitalized. Capitalized costs include lease acquisitions, geological and geophysical work, delay rentals, costs of drilling, completing and equipping successful and unsuccessful oil and gas wells and related costs. Gains or losses are normally not recognized on the sale or other disposition of oil and gas properties. Gains or losses are normally reflected as an adjustment to the full cost pool. Any excess of the net book value of proved oil and gas properties over the ceiling is charged to expense and reflected as additional impairment in the accompanying statements of operations.

The capitalized costs of oil and gas properties, plus estimated future development costs relating to proved reserves and estimated cost of dismantlement and abandonment, net of salvage value, are amortized on a unit-of-production method over the estimated productive life of the proved oil and gas reserves. Unevaluated oil and gas properties are excluded from this calculation. Depletion, depreciation, amortization and accretion expense for the Company’s oil and gas properties totaled $1 thousand and $2 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Capitalized oil and gas property costs are limited to an amount (the ceiling limitation) equal to the sum of the following:

(a)

As of March 31, 2023, the present value of estimated future net revenue from the projected production of proved oil and gas reserves, calculated at the simple arithmetic average, first-day-of-the-month prices during the twelve-month period before the balance sheet date (with consideration of price changes only to the extent provided by contractual arrangements) and a discount factor of 10%;

(b)

The cost of investments in unproved and unevaluated properties excluded from the costs being amortized; and

(c)

The lower of cost or estimated fair value of unproved properties included in the costs being amortized.

When it is determined that oil and gas property costs exceed the ceiling limitation, an impairment charge is recorded to reduce its carrying value to the ceiling limitation. The Company recognized an impairment loss on its oil and gas properties during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 of $0, respectively.

The costs of certain unevaluated leasehold acreage and certain wells being drilled are not amortized. The Company excludes all costs until proved reserves are found or until it is determined that the costs are impaired. Costs not amortized are periodically assessed for possible impairment or reduction in value. If a reduction in value has occurred, costs being amortized are increased accordingly.

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Revenue Recognition—The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

The Company’s revenue is generated primarily from the sale of oil, gas and natural gas liquids (“NGL”) produced from working interests and to a lesser extent from royalty interests in oil and gas properties owned by the Company. As a working interest owner, the Company is responsible for the incurred production expenses proportionate to the interest stipulated in the operating agreement. As a non-operator, the Company does not manage the daily well operations, which are borne by the well operator. Sales of oil, gas and NGLs are recognized at the time control of the product is transferred to the customer.

Various arrangements amongst the eleven different oil and gas properties all differ in some respects, although they do share the commonality that, as a non-operating working interest holder, the Company does not engage in the selling process, but instead relies on the operator, as their selling agent, for negotiating and determining pricing, volume, and delivery terms. Such pricing terms are often a function of a specified discount from the daily/monthly NYMEX or Henry Hub average. The discount is usually based on differentials such as distance of the field/wells from the distribution node or the buyer’s storage facility, as well as the quality of the product itself (i.e., in the case of oil, its gravity).

Revenue is measured based on consideration specified in the contract with the customer, and excludes any amounts collected on behalf of third parties. The Company recognizes revenue in the amount that reflects the consideration it expects to be entitled to in exchange for transferring control of those goods to the customer. The contract consideration is typically allocated to specific performance obligations in the contract according to the terms of the contract. Each unit of oil or gas is considered a separate performance obligation under the contract. Wells are spot measured once a month to determine production and the composition of each of the products (i.e. oil, gas, NGLs) from the well. Each month the consideration obtained by the operator is allocated to the related performance obligations.

Performance Obligations

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer, and is the unit of account in ASC 606. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. Revenue is recognized when performance obligations are satisfied in accordance with contractual terms, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for services rendered.

Depending on the contract and commodity, there are various means by which upstream entities can transfer control (i.e., at the wellhead, inlet, tailgate of the processing plant, or a location where the product is delivered to a third party). The Company has control of the commodity before it is extracted, therefore consideration must be given to whether the transfer of control of the commodity is to the operator or to the end customer at the point of sale.

Unless special arrangements are entered into, the Company’s performance obligations are generally considered performed when control of the extracted commodity transfers when it is delivered to the end customer at the agreed-upon market or index price. At the end of each month, when the performance obligation is satisfied, the variable consideration can be reasonably estimated. Variances between the Company’s estimated revenue and actual payments are recorded in the month the payment is received.

Principal vs. Agent

While the guidance on principal versus agent considerations is similar to legacy GAAP, the key difference is that ASC 606 focuses on control of the specified goods and services as the overarching principle for entities to consider when determining whether they are acting as a principal or an agent. This could result in entities reaching different conclusions than they did under legacy GAAP.

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An entity acting as a principal records revenue on a gross basis if it controls a promised good or service before transferring that good or service to the customer. An entity is an agent if it does not control the promised good or service before transfer to the customer. If the entity is an agent, it records as revenue the net amount it retains for its agency services. However, due to the uncertainty of the variable pricing component and the separation of expenses billed to the Company from the consideration processed and paid by the operator, the revenue is recorded at net.

Under the Company’s normal operating activity arrangements, the operator is responsible for negotiating, fulfilling and collecting the agreed-upon amount from the sale with the end customer and is, therefore, determined to be acting as agent on behalf of the Company. The principal versus agent consideration will continue to be assessed for new contracts, both within and outside the company’s normal operating activities.

Income Taxes—A limited liability company is not subject to the payment of federal income taxes as components of its income and expenses flow through directly to the members. However, the Company is subject to certain state income taxes. Texas margin tax applies to legal entities conducting business in Texas. The margin tax is based on our Texas sourced taxable margin. The tax is calculated by applying a tax rate to a base that considers both revenue and expenses and therefore has the characteristics of an income tax. Taxable Subsidiaries may generate income tax expense because of the Taxable Subsidiaries’ ownership of the portfolio companies. We reflect any such income tax expense on our Statements of Operations. The Company had no federal income tax expense for the three months ending March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, respectively.

Asset Retirement Obligations—The fair value of asset retirement obligations are recorded in the period in which they are incurred if a reasonable estimate of fair value can be made, and the corresponding cost is capitalized as part of the carrying amount of the related long-lived asset. The fair value of the asset retirement obligation is measured using expected future cash outflows discounted at the Company’s credit- adjusted risk-free interest rate. Fair value, to the extent possible, should include a market risk premium for unforeseeable circumstances. No market risk premium was included in the Company’s asset retirement obligation fair value estimate since a reasonable estimate could not be made. The liability is accreted to its then present value each period, and the capitalized cost is depleted or amortized over the estimated recoverable reserves using the units-of-production method.

(9) Subsequent Events

Management performed an evaluation of the Fund’s activity through the date the financial statements were issued, noting the following subsequent event:

On April 5, 2023, our holding in $10.0 million in U.S. Treasury Bills matured and we repaid our margin loan.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Equus Total Return, Inc. (“we,” “us,” “our,” “Equus,” and the “Fund”), a Delaware corporation, was formed on August 16, 1991. Our shares trade on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol ‘EQS’. Our investment strategy seeks to provide the highest total return, consisting of capital appreciation and current income.

The information contained in this section should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report and in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto in the Fund’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC. In addition, some of the statements in this report constitute forward-looking statements. The matters discussed in this Quarterly Report, as well as in future oral and written statements by management of Equus, that are forward-looking statements are based on current management expectations that involve substantial risks and uncertainties which could cause actual results to differ materially from the results expressed in, or implied by, these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements relate to future events or our future financial performance. We generally identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “could,” “intends,” “target,” “projects,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other similar words. Important assumptions include our ability to originate new investments, achieve certain margins and levels of profitability, and the availability of additional capital. In light of these and other uncertainties, the inclusion of a forward-looking statement in this Quarterly Report should not be regarded as a representation by us that our plans or objectives will be achieved. The forward- looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report include statements as to:

	•	our future operating results;
	•	our business prospects and the prospects of our existing and prospective portfolio companies;
	•	the return or impact of current and future investments;
	•	our contractual arrangements and other relationships with third parties;
	•	the dependence of our future success on the general economy and its impact on the industries in which we invest;
	•	the financial condition and ability of our existing and prospective portfolio companies to achieve their objectives;
	•	our expected financings and investments;
	•	our regulatory structure and tax treatment;
	•	our ability to qualify and operate as a BDC and a RIC, including the impact of changes in laws or regulations governing our operations, or the operations of our portfolio companies;
	•	the adequacy of our cash resources and working capital;
	•	the timing of cash flows, if any, from the operations of our portfolio companies;
	•	the impact of fluctuations in interest rates on our business;
	•	the valuation of our investments in portfolio companies, particularly those having no liquid trading market;
	•	our ability to recover unrealized losses;
	•	market conditions and our ability to access additional capital, if deemed necessary;
	•	changes in interest rates and overall investment activity;
	•	developments in the global economy and resulting demand and supply for oil and natural gas;
	•	natural or man-made disasters and other external events that may disrupt our operations; and
	•	continued volatility of oil and natural gas prices.

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There are a number of important risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements. For a discussion of factors that could cause our actual results to differ from forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report, please see the discussion in Part II, “Item 1A. Risk Factors”, and in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 (“10-K”). In particular, you should carefully consider the risks we have described in the 10-K and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report concerning our efforts to transform Equus into an operating company, as well as the coronavirus pandemic and the economic impact of the coronavirus on the Fund and our sole remaining portfolio company, as well as on oil and gas markets generally. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report relate only to events as of the date on which the statements are made. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date this Quarterly Report is filed with the SEC.

We attempt to maximize the return to stockholders in the form of current investment income and long-term capital gains by investing in the debt and equity securities of companies with a total enterprise value of between $5.0 million and $75.0 million, although we may engage in transactions with smaller or larger investee companies from time to time. We seek to invest primarily in companies pursuing growth either through acquisition or organically, leveraged buyouts, management buyouts and recapitalizations of existing businesses or special situations. Our income-producing investments consist principally of debt securities including subordinate debt, debt convertible into common or preferred stock, or debt combined with warrants and common and preferred stock. Debt and preferred equity financing may also be used to create long- term capital appreciation through the exercise and sale of warrants received in connection with the financing. To the extent that we remain a BDC, we will seek to achieve capital appreciation by making investments in equity and equity-oriented securities issued by privately-owned companies (and smaller public companies) in transactions negotiated directly with such companies. Given market conditions over the past several years and the performance of our portfolio, our management and Board of Directors believe it is prudent to continue to review alternatives to refine and further clarify the current strategies.

We elected to be treated as a BDC under the 1940 Act. We currently qualify as a RIC for federal income tax purposes and, therefore, are not required to pay corporate income taxes on any income or gains that we distribute to our stockholders. We have a wholly-owned Taxable Subsidiary which holds one of our portfolio investments listed on our Schedules of Investments. The purpose of this Taxable Subsidiary is to permit us to hold certain income-producing investments or portfolio companies organized as limited liability companies, or LLCs, (or other forms of pass-through entities) and still satisfy the RIC tax requirement that at least 90% of our gross revenue for income tax purposes must consist of investment income. Absent the Taxable Subsidiary, a portion of the gross income of these income- producing investments or of any LLC (or other pass-through entity) portfolio investment, as the case may be, would flow through directly to us for the 90% test. To the extent that such income did not consist of investment income, it could jeopardize our ability to qualify as a RIC and, therefore, cause us to incur significant federal income taxes. The income of the LLCs (or other pass-through entities) owned by Taxable Subsidiary is taxed to the Taxable Subsidiary and does not flow through to us, thereby helping us preserve our RIC status and resultant tax advantages. We do not consolidate the Taxable Subsidiary for income tax purposes and they may generate income tax expense because of the Taxable Subsidiary’s ownership of the portfolio investment. We reflect any such income tax expense on our Statements of Operations.

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Conversion to an Operating Company

Authorization to Withdraw BDC Election. In 2022, holders of a majority of the outstanding common stock of the Fund approved our cessation as a BDC under the 1940 Act and authorized our Board to cause the Fund’s withdrawal of its election to be classified as a BDC, effective as of a date designated by the Board and our Chief Executive Officer. Although this authorization has since expired, we expect to receive a further authorization from our shareholders later in 2023 as a consequence of our expressed intent to transform Equus into an operating company. Notwithstanding any such authorization to withdraw our BDC election, we will not submit any such withdrawal unless and until Equus has entered into a definitive agreement to effect a transformative transaction. Further, even if we are again authorized to withdraw our election as a BDC, we will require a subsequent affirmative vote from holders of a majority of our outstanding voting shares to enter into any such definitive agreement or change the nature of our business. While we are presently evaluating various opportunities that could enable us to accomplish this transformation, we cannot assure you that we will be able to do so within any particular time period or at all, and, although we expect that our shareholders will grant a further authorization, we do not expect to cause the Fund to withdraw its election to be classified as BDC prior to June 30, 2023. Moreover, we cannot assure you that the terms of any such transformative transaction would be acceptable to us.

Increase in Authorized Shares. On January 20, 2021, holders of a majority of the outstanding common stock of the Fund approved the restatement of our Certificate of Incorporation to increase the number of our authorized shares of common stock from 50,000,000 to 100,000,000, and the number of our authorized shares of preferred stock from 5,000,000 to 10,000,000. The increase is intended to help facilitate the transformation of Equus into an operating company and provide sufficient authorized shares to evaluate larger business concerns as possible acquisition or merger candidates.

Reduction in Asset Coverage Ratio

On November 14, 2019, our shareholders approved a reduction in our asset coverage ratio from 200% to 150%. Prior to the reduction, we were restricted in the amount that we could borrow to the value of our net assets. The reduction in our asset coverage from 200% to 150% means that we may now borrow up to twice the value of our net assets. Except for a margin loan that we have previously procured each quarter to acquire U.S. Treasury bills as part of the maintenance of our RIC status, we have not incurred any additional borrowings as a consequence of this authorization.

2016 Equity Incentive Plan

On June 13, 2016, our shareholders approved the adoption of our 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (“Incentive Plan”). On January 10, 2017, the SEC issued an order approving the Incentive Plan and certain awards intended to be made thereunder. The Incentive Plan is intended to promote the interests of the Fund by encouraging officers, employees, and directors of the Fund and its affiliates to acquire or increase their equity interest in the Fund and to provide a means whereby they may develop a proprietary interest in the development and financial success of the Fund, to encourage them to remain with and devote their best efforts to the business of the Fund, thereby advancing the interests of the Fund and its stockholders. The Incentive Plan is also intended to enhance the ability of the Fund and its affiliates to attract and retain the services of individuals who are essential for the growth and profitability of the Fund. The Incentive Plan permits the award of restricted stock as well as common stock purchase options. The maximum number of shares of common stock that are subject to awards granted under the Incentive Plan is 2,434,728 shares. The term of the Incentive Plan will expire on June 13, 2026. On March 17, 2017, we granted awards of restricted stock under the Plan to certain of our directors and executive officers in the aggregate amount of 844,500 shares. The awards were each subject to a vesting requirement over a 3-year period unless the recipient thereof was terminated or removed from their position as a director or executive officer without “cause”, or as a result of constructive termination, as such terms are defined in the respective award agreements entered into by each of the recipients and the Fund. As of March 31, 2020, all awards granted under the Incentive Plan were fully vested. We account for share-based compensation using the fair value method, as prescribed by ASC 718. Accordingly, for restricted stock awards, we measure the grant date fair value based upon the market price of our common stock on the date of the grant and amortize the fair value of the awards as share-based compensation expense over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting term.

Critical Accounting Policies

See the Fund’s Critical Accounting Policies from the disclosure set forth in the Fund’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

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Current Market Conditions

Impact of Economic and Geopolitical Events on the Oil and Gas Sector. The substantial volatility in world markets has been prominent in the oil and gas sector, with WTI oil prices reaching a multi-year high of $130.00 per barrel in March 2022, and gas prices also reaching a multi-year high in mid-year, both due in part to increased demand, the reluctance of U.S. producers and OPEC nations to generate additional supply, and the conflict in Ukraine. Beginning in the second and third quarters of 2022 and largely due to recessionary headwinds and other macroeconomic factors, oil and natural gas prices have retreated substantially. In the case of natural gas, prices have continued to decline through the first quarter of 2023. However, recent oil price stability has been a significant factor in increased consolidation activity in the Permian Basin where Equus Energy holds most of its development rights. Given such price volatility, the U.S. Energy Information Administration has modified its 2023 oil and gas price forecasts accordingly, with an April 2023 estimate of $85.01 per barrel for Brent crude for all of 2023, and $2.94 per MMBTU for gas prices for the year.

Operators of the leasehold interests held by Equus Energy have not yet undertaken significant capital expenditures, which could have a material adverse effect upon the operations and long-term financial condition of Equus Energy. To conserve existing cash resources or create additional cash resources during the next year, Equus Energy intends to either: (i) attempt to secure equity or debt financing from one or more institutional sources, which sources may include the Fund, a commercial lender, or other investors, (ii) request that its operators shut-in additional wells, (iii) sell certain of its oil and gas holdings, or (iv) undertake a combination of the foregoing. However, we cannot assure you that Equus Energy will be able to implement these plans successfully, or that such plans will generate sufficient liquidity to fund the operating expenses of Equus Energy over the next twelve-months.

The U.S. Economy. U.S. GDP increased at an annualized rate of 1.1% in the first quarter of 2023, substantially below the 2.0% consensus of analysts’ expectations for the quarter. This followed an increase of 2.6% on an annualized basis for the fourth quarter of 2022. The principal drivers of the slower increase during the first quarter of 2023 were increased consumer spending that was partially offset by decreases in housing investment and a decrease in inventory investment. The Conference Board a is projecting a mild recession in 2023, with decreases in GDP of 1.8% for each of the second and third quarters of 2023, and a further decrease of 0.6% for the fourth quarter. Overall, the Conference Board projects a yearly GDP increase of 0.7% for all of 2023, and a 0.8% increase for all of 2024. The Congressional Budget Office projects GDP growth of 0.3% for all of 2023 and 1.8% for all of 2024. Both the Conference Board and the CBO forecasts were made prior to the release of Q1 GDP data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and are, therefore, expected to be subsequently revised downward. (Sources: Bureau of Economic Analysis; The Conference Board; Congressional Budget Office).

Employment and Housing. At March 31, 2023, the U.S. unemployment rate has stood at 3.5%, more or less unchanged since the first quarter of 2022 and substantially below the high of 14.5% in April 2020 when economic uncertainty associated with Covid-19 was at its peak. With signs of a recession in later quarters, economists are projecting a rate of 4.6% by the end of 2023. Most of the recent employment gains in 2022 and the first quarter of 2023 were due to gains in nonfarm payrolls, the leisure and hospitality industry, professional and business services, retail trade, transportation, and warehousing (Sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics; Trading Economics).

Consumer Prices. Consumer prices, which had largely been held in check during the pandemic, began to rise steadily in 2021 and into 2022, reaching an annualized rate of 9.1% during 2022, before retreating to an overall rate of 8.0% for the year. In April 2023, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported an inflation rate of 5.0% over the 12 month period ended March 31, 2023, and the Congressional Budget Office projects a rate of 4.8% for the entire year, with a rate of 3.0% for all of 2024. Energy prices remained a principal driver of inflation during the run-up in consumer prices, and have also factored significantly into the decline in inflation rates. Largely as a result of Fed monetary responses and a slowing of economic growth, most commentators are forecasting a further decrease in the rate of inflation throughout the rest of the year. (Sources: Bureau of Economic Analysis; Kiplinger; Bureau of Labor Statistics; Trading Economics).

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Interest Rates. Principally as a response to rising prices, the Federal Reserve began a series of federal funds rate increases in May 2022 which continued for ten consecutive meetings of the Federal Open Market Committee, including its most recent meeting in May 2023. Given recent economic data released in April and May 2023, most analysts expect the Fed to pause rate increases in its next meeting scheduled for June 13-14, 2023. The result of such rate increases and inflationary pressures has been substantially increased borrowing costs, particularly for homebuyers and small businesses, as well as heightened recession risks. Moreover, credit providers have also begun to require higher collateralization rates, with shorter maturities and higher fees than in the recent past. (Source: Forbes; The Wall Street Journal).

Mergers and Acquisitions. Despite inflationary pressures and Fed tightening, global merger and acquisition activity in the first half of 2022 was relatively robust, but in the second half of 2022, deal activity slowed significantly, largely as a result of increased costs of capital, reduced financial sponsor activity, and increased regulatory scrutiny. Some industry commentators are predicting that consolidations will increase in 2023, particularly in the areas of healthcare, technology, and energy. Despite an overall decline in deal value during the first quarter of 2023 ($557 billion as compared to $998 billion in the first quarter of 2022), such activity still remains above the ten-year average. Higher interest rates and lower deal volumes have kept valuation multiples at levels consistent with 2022, which is expected to facilitate increased transaction activity through the remainder of the year. (Sources: Morgan Stanley; Greenhill; Mckinsey).

Private Equity. After experiencing a record year in 2021, private equity activity slowed in 2022, particularly during the second half of the year, with 2022 total fundraising approximately 15.0% less than 2021. With the expected increase in M&A dealmaking in 2023, private equity analysts are also expecting an increase in investment opportunities, particularly in view of comparably lower valuation multiples and, in the face of a predicted recession, increased motivation from sellers. (Sources: The Wall Street Journal; CNBC).

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, our net asset value decreased from $2.61 per share to $2.52 per share, a decrease of 3.45%. As of March 31, 2023, our common stock is trading at a 38.1% discount to our net asset value as compared to 45.2% as of December 31, 2022.

Over the past several years, we have executed certain initiatives to enhance liquidity, achieve a lower operational cost structure, provide more assistance to portfolio companies and realize certain of our portfolio investments. Specifically, we changed the composition of our Board of Directors and Management, terminated certain of our follow-on investments, internalized the management of the Fund, suspended our managed distribution policy, modified our investment strategy to pursue shorter term liquidation opportunities, pursued non-cash investment opportunities, and sold certain of our legacy and underperforming investment holdings. We believe these actions continue to be necessary to protect capital and liquidity in order to preserve and enhance shareholder value. Because our Management is internalized, certain of our expenses should not increase commensurate with an increase in the size of the Fund and, therefore, to the extent we remain a BDC, we expect to achieve efficiencies in our cost structure if we are able to grow the Fund.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

We generate cash primarily from maturities, sales of securities and borrowings, as well as capital gains realized upon the sale of portfolio investments. We use cash primarily to make additional investments, either in new companies or as follow-on investments in the existing portfolio companies and to pay the dividends to our stockholders.

Because of the nature and size of the portfolio investments, we may periodically borrow funds to make qualifying investments to maintain our tax status as a RIC. We often borrow such funds by utilizing a margin account with a securities brokerage firm. There is no assurance that such arrangement will be available in the future. If we are unable to borrow funds to make qualifying investments, Equus may no longer qualify as a RIC. The Fund would then be subject to corporate income tax on its net investment income and realized capital gains, and distributions to stockholders would be subject to income tax as ordinary dividends.

The Fund has the ability to borrow funds and issue forms of senior securities representing indebtedness or stock, such as preferred stock, subject to certain restrictions. Net taxable investment income and net taxable realized gains from the sales of portfolio investments are intended to be distributed at least annually, to the extent such amounts are not reserved for payment of expenses and contingencies or to make follow-on or new investments.

We reserve the right to retain net long-term capital gains in excess of net short-term capital losses for reinvestment or to pay contingencies and expenses. Such retained amounts, if any, will be taxable to the Fund as long-term capital gains and stockholders will be able to claim their proportionate share of the federal income taxes paid on such gains as a credit against their own federal income tax liabilities. Stockholders will also be entitled to increase the adjusted tax basis of their Fund shares by the difference between their undistributed capital gains and their tax credit.

We are evaluating the impact of current market conditions on our portfolio company valuations and their ability to provide current income. We believe we have followed valuation techniques in a reasonably consistent manner; however, we are cognizant of current market conditions that might affect future valuations of portfolio securities. In view of our present status as a BDC and our anticipated transformation into an operating company, we believe that our operating cash flow and cash on hand will be sufficient to meet operating requirements and to finance routine capital expenditures through the next twelve months.

Results of Operations

Investment Income and Expense

Net investment loss was $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and $0.9 million March 31, 2022, respectively.

Compensation expense was $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, as a result of bonuses paid in 2023.

Professional fees were comparable for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, and were $0.4 million and $0.35 million respectively.

General and administrative expenses were comparable for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, and were $0.36 million and $0.30 million respectively.

Changes in Unrealized Appreciation/Depreciation of Portfolio Securities

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, with respect to our holding in Equus Energy, LLC, we recorded no change in the fair value of this investment. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, we recorded an increase in the fair value of this investment of $2.0 million, resulting in a net change in unrealized appreciation of $7.0 million. Such change in fair value was principally due to increases in mineral acreage prices and a substantial increase in short-and long-term prices for crude oil and natural gas.

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Dividends

We will pay out net investment income and/or realized capital gains, if any, on an annual basis as required under the Investment Company Act of 1940.

Subsequent Events

Management performed an evaluation of the Fund’s activity through the date the financial statements were issued, noting the following subsequent event:

On April 5, 2023, our holding in $10.0 million in U.S. Treasury Bills matured and we repaid our margin loan.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk

We are subject to financial market risks, including changes in interest rates with respect to investments in debt securities and outstanding debt payable, as well as changes in marketable equity security prices. In the future, we may invest in companies outside the United States, including in Europe and Asia, which would give rise to exposure to foreign currency value fluctuations. We do not use derivative financial instruments to mitigate any of these risks. The return on investments is generally not affected by foreign currency fluctuations.

Our investments in portfolio securities consist of some fixed-rate debt securities. Since the debt securities are generally priced at a fixed rate, changes in interest rates do not directly affect interest income. In addition, changes in market interest rates are not typically a significant factor in the determination of fair value of these debt securities, since the securities are generally held to maturity. We determine their fair values based on the terms of the relevant debt security and the financial condition of the issuer.

A major portion of our investment portfolio consists of debt and equity investments in private companies. Modest changes in public market equity prices generally do not significantly impact the estimated fair value of these investments. However, significant changes in market equity prices can have a longer-term effect on valuations of private companies, which could affect the carrying value and the amount and timing of gains or losses realized on these investments. A small portion of the investment portfolio could also consist of common stock in publicly traded companies. These investments are directly exposed to equity price risk, in that a hypothetical ten percent change in these equity prices would result in a similar percentage change in the fair value of these securities.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Fund in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Our management, with the participation of our Fund’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, have evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operations of the Fund’s “disclosure controls and procedures” (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of March 31, 2023. Based on their evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Fund’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level. There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2023, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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Part II. Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, the Fund is a party to certain proceedings incidental to the normal course of our business including the enforcement of our rights under contracts with our portfolio companies. While the outcome of these legal proceedings cannot at this time be predicted with certainty, we do not expect that these proceedings will have a material effect upon the Fund’s financial condition or results of operations.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In connection with our efforts to convert Equus into an operating company in furtherance of our plan to convert the Fund into an operating company, we may be subject to a number of risks associated with this process, the transactions that would embody a consolidation of Equus with another company, as well as specific risks associated with the commercial enterprise with which Equus may seek to combine itself. We intend to identify, as will be reasonably possible, such risks and include the same in our subsequent filings and reports with the SEC.

Readers should carefully consider these risks and all other information contained in our annual report on Form 10-K (“10-K”) for the year ended December 31, 2021, including the Fund’s financial statements and the related notes thereto. The risks and uncertainties described in our 10-K and throughout this 10-Q are not the only ones facing the Fund.

Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us, or not presently deemed material by us, may also impair our operations and performance.

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Item 6. Exhibits

3. Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws

(a)

Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Fund. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(a) to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 21, 2021]

(b)

Certificate of Merger, dated June 30, 1993, between the Fund and Equus Investments Incorporated [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(b) to Registrant’s Annual Report on form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007]

(c)

Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Fund [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(c) to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 30, 2014]

10. Material Contracts

(a)

Safekeeping Agreement between the Fund and Amegy Bank, dated August 16, 2008. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(c) to Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008]

(b)

Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Fund and its directors and certain officers. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(d) to Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011]

(c)

Code of Ethics of the Fund (Rule 17j-1). [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(f) to Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009]

(d)

2016 Equity Incentive Plan, adopted June 13, 2016. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1 to Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement filed on May 5, 2016]

31. Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certifications

Certification by Chief Executive Officer*

Certification by Chief Financial Officer*

32. Rule 1350 Certifications

Certification by Chief Executive Officer*

Certification by Chief Financial Officer*

* Filed herewith

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SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has caused this report to be signed by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Dated: December 18, 2025

	EQUUS TOTAL RETURN, INC.

	/s/ John A. Hardy
	John A. Hardy
	Chief Executive Officer

Amendment: SEC Form 10-Q/A filed by Equus Total Return Inc.